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Soil • Soil is made of • A. weathered rock/
sediments• B. humus- decayed
plant and animal matter
• C- living organisms- (worms, fungi and insects)
Soil Horizons- layers of the soil
• A horizon- also called topsoil is made up of dead and decaying plants and animals. This layer is dark in
color and rich in nutrients that are used by plants. • B horizon- this layer is lighter in color because
there is not any humus. Minerals are washed downward from the A horizon into this layer by a process called leaching.
• C horizon – this layer is the parent material containing mostly weathered rock or sediment
Factors that affect soil formation
• Parent material-
• Type of vegetation- see next slide
• Slope of the land
• Climate
• Time