Soil: More than just a bunch of dirt

What is soil made of? The basic components of soil are: decayed remains of once living

organisms (organic material) rock water air

Layers of soil Humus

Topsoil

Subsoil

Bedrock

Humus Living material Plants Decaying leaves Needles Moss Thin layer Dark color

Topsoil Mostly minerals Plant roots Dark color Decaying plants Decaying animals

Subsoil Silt

Sand

Clay

Not broken downall the way

Bedrock Lowest layer of soil

Solid rock layer