SMOKE

LEAV

E T

HE PACK BEHIN

D

· SINCE 2000 ·Authors:Heather Travis, BA; Anita Federici, BA;Kelli-an Lawrance, PhD; Sharon Lawler, RN, MEd

Design:Stephen Agnew

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or adapted in any form by photostat,

microfilm, retrieval system or any other means without prior written permission of Brock University and the authors.

Leave The Pack Behind is funded by the Government of Ontario.

Copyright © 2014 The Authors

Leave The Pack BehindBrock Universityltpboffice@brocku.ca(905) 688-5550 ext. 5144

www.LeaveThePackBehind.org

This booklet will not tell you to quit

» Enough people already do that.

This booklet is for

university & college students

who smoke and

do not want to quit

» This is an objective resource, no strings attached.

This booklet looks at:

» The pleasures of smoking » How to tell if you are addicted to nicotine » Common places to smoke » How to deal with people who bug you to quit » Info you may not know

Other Leave The Pack Behind Resources:

QUIT

U KNOW U WANT 2...help a friend quit smoking

QUITA booklet for smokers who are thinking of or trying to quit.

U KNOW U WANT 2...A booklet for people who want to help a friend quit smoking.

124

This is why you smoke...

» Reduces stress & tension » Decreases boredom » Reduces anger & frustration » Offers a sense of control over life » Improves concentration » Controls appetite » Is something to do with friends » Boosts energy

Smokers say these things about SMOKING:

» Can you relate?

So w

hy do people bug you to quit?

324

Who Bugs You

To Quit?

Every smoker has at least 1 person in their life

who nags them to quit smoking. Or you may have

several... lucky you! If you’re like many smokers,

you probably feel pissed off with people who

try to tell you how to live your life.

give a little,

get a little

BUT WHAT?

We don’t need to tell you that these people care.

You’re right to feel frustrated! And you

probably want to do something about it, too!

Nag Nag Nag…

» It’s so easy to tune them out... except,

Tuning Them Out

Doesn’t Really Work

» Communicate. Gently remind them

that no one can make you quit

smoking. Let them know you will quit

once you are ready.

» Tell them how you feel — that their

well-intentioned advice can be annoying;

that it won’t help you quit; that the more

they nag, the more you feel like smoking.

» Avoid arguing. Fighting about your

smoking is not productive, for you or

for them. Talk about it.

» Most of all — don’t get mad. They

want to help; they just don’t know how

to do it.

» Give your friend a copy of the

U KNOW U WANT 2... booklet — it will

help them understand smoking better.

Instead:

424

524

Pleasure CentreBeing addicted = greater tolerance for nicotine greater need for nicotine nasty withdrawal without it.

ohhhhh… sweet addiction…

» It’s a dependence that gains control of you.

You light a cigarette and inhale… through advances in cigarette technology and the efficiency of the body, it only takes 5 heart beats (7 seconds) for nicotine to reach your brain…ahhh...

Surprise! Nicotine is more addictive than marijuana, alcohol, and even cocaine!1

One isn’t enough...Within minutes of finishing a smoke, nicotine levels start dropping in your blood stream… leaving you feeling restless and empty.

give me more nicotine...

» You get a craving that must be satisfied.

Æ Æ

Nicotine stimulates your brain to release dopamine (a neurotransmitter that creates feelings of pleasure). Your body experiences a surge in heart rate and blood pressure, blood vessels squeeze smaller (diminishing oxygen and reducing circulation in the hands and feet), and brain waves are altered.

How

Big

Tob

acco

Tar

gets

You

Youn

g ad

ults

repr

esen

t the

you

nges

t LEG

AL ta

rget

for t

he to

bacc

o in

dust

ry a

nd it

kno

ws

exac

tly

how

to m

ake

its p

rodu

cts

appe

alin

g.

Hist

oric

ally

the

indu

stry

pur

pose

fully

pai

d ce

lebr

ities

to s

mok

e in

mov

ies

and

on T

V2 to

mak

e sm

okin

g lo

ok c

ool t

o no

n-sm

oker

s an

d to

mak

e cu

rren

t and

ex-

smok

ers

crav

e a

ciga

rette

.3

Rese

arch

sho

ws

that

you

ng p

eopl

e ar

e m

ore

likel

y to

sm

oke

if th

ey’v

e w

atch

ed a

lot o

f mov

ies

with

sm

okin

g in

them

... S

mok

ing’

s th

ere

for a

reas

on a

nd it

’s n

ot a

rtist

ic.4

The

indu

stry

is d

espe

rate

for y

our

busi

ness

. It s

pend

s bi

llion

s an

nual

ly o

n ad

verti

sem

ents

dire

cted

at y

ou.

Who

els

e w

ill re

plac

e its

old

er c

usto

mer

s w

ho a

re

quitt

ing

or d

ying

?

With

out y

ou, t

he in

dust

ry is

dea

d.To

bacc

o co

mpa

nies

inte

ntio

nally

pla

ce a

ds in

m

agaz

ines

you

ng p

eopl

e bu

y. Lo

ok a

t the

ads

... »

The

wom

en a

re p

retty

, sex

y an

d sl

ende

r. »

And

the

men

… h

otte

r tha

n ho

t, ru

gged

& ri

pped

.

Thin

k ab

out i

t. It’

s no

coi

ncid

ence

that

cig

aret

te a

ds

are

all a

bout

free

dom

, fitti

ng in

, and

look

ing

good

.5

»Al

l com

plet

e w

ith a

pac

k of

sm

okes

in

easy

reac

h.

Chec

k ou

t the

ads

...

Is th

is re

ality

?

9 24

Light This

Tar intake depends on how you smoke and how much you smoke. Not on the type of cigarettes.

Have you ever smoked a brand of cigarettes, thinking that they were BETTER for your health?

Guess what? When it comes to your health—distinct, smooth, elite, blue, or red—they are all the same.

The different labels may mislead you to think one brand is safer than another. But, that’s a lie. The amount of tar you suck in from any cigarette is pretty much the same. They’re all equally addictive and lethal.6

Carbon monoxide is found in car exhaust and the “air” sm

okers breathe out.

These are just labels used by the multi-billion dollar tobacco industry to fool its own customers.

Who’s Got Good Taste?Flavoured tobacco products have actually been around forever … all starting with the minty menthol cigarettes.

In the late 1990s, new candy and fruit flavoured tobacco products hit the market. Just guess which age group likes flavoured tobacco?(Hint: it’s not your parents’ generation!) 7

Flavours make tobacco products more attractive and easier to sell to students and young adults. Not only does the smoke smell better, but it’s got a sweeter aftertaste as well.7

These different flavours may also trick you into thinking that what you’re using is safer and harmless. Who would want to believe that something that tastes like candy and fruits can cause cancer?

Hmm

... y

umm

y or

dea

dly?

Flavoured or not, all tobacco products are addictive and harmful.

1024

1124

No, it’s not. It has cancer-causing chemicals which can also lead to breathing problems.8

oh

smoking weed is harmless... right?

Oh, and ongoing use can cause damage to your memory.10

what are we talking about again?

Not to mention its link to anxiety, depression and schizophrenia!9

Smoking Anything Else?

Joints and cigarettes have different “active ingredients”—THC in joints, nicotine in cigarettes. But, BOTH have tar to clog up your lungs and carbon monoxide to rob your cells of oxygen.

Most people who smoke marijuana take deep drags that they hold in. For cigarettes, people take more drags, but not as deep. These different ways of smoking lead to different types of lung damage. So... smoking BOTH cigarettes and joints causes more damage and makes quitting that much harder.11

Do you like fertilizers & household cleaners in your body? Marijuana delivers 20X as much ammonia as a cigarette.12

»Marijuana

Can’t be so bad if they’re trying to legalize it right?

Getting Hooked...

It’s water-filtered, naturally-flavoured and allowed indoors... Must be safe, right?

Because a single session of smoking shisha can last 20-80 min, it’s like smoking 4-5 packs of cigarettes in that same time span!13,14

All the bad things you can get from cigarettes are also in your shisha. Toxins, chemicals, lung diseases, cancer...you get the idea.15

Mmmm, so fun with all those flavours! Except, depending on the product, lighting one up is like smoking up to 50 cigarettes all at once because they contain even more tobacco than a regular cigarette!16

Sucks that all the fun stuff hurts you...

» Unfortunately not.

»Cigarillos & Cigars

»on Hookah?

Rem

embe

r You

r 1st C

igar

ette

Wha

t Do

You

Gain

Fro

m S

mok

ing?

How

old

w

ere

you?

Who

wer

e yo

u w

ith?

Wha

t mad

e it

cool

?

Wha

t mad

e yo

u ke

ep

smok

ing?

Why

do

you

smok

e no

w?

Wha

t ar

e yo

ur

bene

fits?

What’s Your One Little Thing?

Is this how you feel about smoking?

All good except that one little thing...

So, there’s your roommate...

» You’ve been sharing a place for a year already

» You like the same food

» You have the same friends

» You even pick the same movies to see

...but it would be nice to actually have some clean dishes to use

for once. » Just saying...

And then there’s your place...

» You’re close to cool pubs,

» the best takeouts,

» and all your friends

...but the family next door?

» What’s the 1 little thing you hate about smoking?

» Not so cool with all those noise complaints!

1724

Know The ImplicationsTobacco production and use damages the global environment

Cigarette butts are non-biodegradable…They can take up to 12 years to break down! In the world, an estimated 5 trillion butts are discarded into the environment each year.17 Good thing you use a butt receptacle.

Animals eat these butts which can cause nicotine poisoning and seriously damage their organs.18 Yes, your own pets may also be at risk! Plus butts leach chemicals that can get into lakes & streams and harm many marine animals.19 How sad.

The tobacco industry exploits developing nations. It pays poor tobacco growers next to nothing for their raw product. Turns a blind eye to child labour. Ignores workers who get really sick from using pesticides with no protection.20 And disregards the extensive deforestation that occurs for the sake of growing tobacco.21 Who knew your cigarettes were part of a global issue?

Wha

t abo

ut y

our f

utur

e? Is

this

wha

t you

see

for y

ours

elf?

» Do you really want to support an industry like this?

Know The Personal RisksSmoking does more than just cause diseases

Think about this...Your friends are 30 years old and they are having trouble getting pregnant. Tick tock tick tock. Is it because he smokes and his sperm are slow and low or that he can’t get it up?22 Scary but true. Or maybe she smokes and is having a hard time getting and staying pregnant. Too sad for words.

Even if she has a baby, experts say breast is best. But if mom is smoking, her breast milk will have nicotine and chemicals in it.23 Smoke in the home is also associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).24

Young women who smoke & take birth control pills are at risk of a blood clot that may cause a heart attack or stroke.25

» Wouldn’t it be easier to quit smoking before trying to start a family?

1924

Know The Facts

SMOKING AFFECTS YOUR ABILITY TO EXERCISE TO YOUR FULL POTENTIAL

Your respiratory system doesn’t deliver oxygen to working muscles as well, causing your aerobic capacity to decline.

1

Your circulatory system is impaired.2

Your heart & lungs are forced to pump harder... working on overdrive.3

Muscles need oxygen to work. Smoking reduces the body’s ability to get oxygen to muscles.

Lifting weights? Biking? Skateboarding? Running? Rock climbing? Playing sports?

Chances are, you’ll tire out wayyy before your non-smoking friends.

4

Know The LimitsThink about the places where you smoke and write them down.

1 2

3 4

Does your list of places to smoke include smoking outside in a blizzard? in pouring rain? in 32° weather?

It is becoming harder and harder to smoke when you go out anywhere.

Today, almost all buildings are smoke-free and it is becoming more common to see no smoking signs in friends’ houses and outdoor places like patios and parks. Ha

ve y

ou n

otic

ed...

cam

puse

s ar

e go

ing

smok

e-fre

e.

Isn’t it fun being a smoker?

» Bet it doesn’t.

2124

Quiz I s

mok

e da

ily

I hav

e sm

oked

100

cig

aret

tes

I sm

oke

with

in 3

0 m

inut

es o

f get

ting

upI h

ave

crav

ings

if I

have

n’t s

mok

ed in

a w

hile

I sm

oke

alon

eI s

mok

e w

ith c

offe

eI b

uy m

y ow

n ci

gare

ttes

I sm

oke

whe

n I’m

wai

ting

I sm

oke

ever

y tim

e I d

rink

alco

hol

My

frie

nds

smok

e, a

nd I

tend

to s

mok

e w

ith th

em

Chec

k th

e se

nten

ces

that

des

crib

e yo

u:

Nico

tine

is th

e m

ost

addi

ctiv

e dr

ug k

now

n an

d 9/

10 u

sers

bec

ome

addi

cted

qui

ckly.

»Is

This

Me?

ÈChec

ked

thes

e?Yo

u ar

e ad

dict

ed.

Ç

Did

you

chec

k an

y of

thes

e?

You

are

on th

e ro

adto

add

ictio

n.

23 24

Recap

» Anyone who smokes would say smoking has emotional & social benefits. The tobacco industry certainly works hard to sell this idea.

» Today, you may not be interested in quitting. BUT… you also may not intend to be a lifelong smoker.

» You know the pleasures smoking brings you, but you also see the downside. Poison in the long-term, but one day you’ll do something about it.

» Smoking’s OK for now. When it’s not OK, you’ll know it. And then you’ll quit.

There are successful ways to quit...WHEN THE TIME IS RIGHT FOR YOU

References1. Lopez-Quintero, C., Pérez de los Cobos, J., Hasin, D.S., Okuda, M., Wang, S., Grant, B.F., & Blanco, C. (2011). Probability and predictors of transition from first use to

dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 115, 120-130.

2. Lum, K.L., Polansky, J.R., Jackler, R.K., & Glantz, S.A. (2008). Signed, sealed and delivered: “big tobacco” in Hollywood, 1927-1951. Tobacco Control, 17, 313-323.

3. Shmueli, D., Prochaska, J.J., & Glantz, S.A. (2010). Effect of Smoking Scenes in Films on Immediate Smoking: A Randomized Controlled Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(4), 351-358.

4. Song, A.V., Ling, P.M., Neilands, T.B., & Glantz, S.A. (2007). Smoking in movies and increased smoking among young adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33(5), 396-403.

5. Lovato, C., Watts, A., & Stead, L.F. (2011). Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, Art No.: CD003439. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003439.pub2

6. Hammond, D., & Parkinson, C. (2009). The impact of cigarette package design on perceptions of risk. Journal of Public Health, 31(3), 345-353.

7. Carpenter, C.M., Wayne, G.F., Pauly, J.L., Koh, H.K., & Connolly, G.N. (2005). New cigarette brands with flavors that appeal to youth: tobacco marketing strategies. Health Affairs, 24(6), 1601-1610.

8. Reid, P.T., Macleod, J., & Robertson, J.R. (2010). Cannabis and the lung. The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 40(4), 328-333.

9. Moore, T.H.M., Zammit, S., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T.R.E., Jones, P.B., Burke, M., & Lewis, G. (2007). Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. The Lancet, 370, 319-328.

10. Volkow, N.D., Baler, R.D., Compton, W.M., & Weiss, S.R.B. (2014). Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use. The New England Journal of Medicine, 370(23), 2219-2227.

11. Agrawal, A., Budney, A.J., & Lynskey, M.T. (2012). The co-occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: a review. Addiction, 107(7), 1221-1233.

12. Moir, D., Rickert, W.S., Levasseur, G., Larose, Y., Maertens, R., White, P., & Desjardins, S. (2008). A comparison of mainstreatm and sidestream marijuana and tobacco cigarette smoke produced under two machine smoking conditions. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21(2), 494-502.

13. Shihadeh, A., Azar, A., Antonios, C., & Haddad, A. (2004). Towards a topographical model of narghile water-pip café smoking: a pilot study in a high socioeconomic status neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 79(1), 75-82.

14. World Health Organization Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. (2005). Waterpipe tobacco smoking: health effects, research needs and recommended actions by regulators. Geneva: World Health Organization.

15. Blachman-Braun, R., Del Mazo-Rodríguez, R.L., López-Sámanoa, G., & Buendía-Roldánb, I. (2014). Hookah, is it really harmless? Respiratory Medicine, 108(5), 661-667.

16. National Cancer Institute. (2012, May 21). Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 9: Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. Retrieved July 6, 2015 from http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/9/index.html

17. Novotny, T.E., Lum, K., Smith, E., Wang, V., & Barnes, R. (2009). Cigarettes butts and the case for an environmental policy on hazardous cigarette waste. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6(5), 1691-1705.

18. Novotny, T.E., Hardin, S.N., Hovda, L.R., Novotny, D.J., McLean, M.K., & Khan, S. (2011). Tobacco and cigarette butt consumption in humans and animals. Tobacco Control, 20(S1), i17-i20.

19. Slaughter, E., Gersberg, R.M., Watanabe, K., Rudolph, J., Stransky, C., & Novotny, T.E. (2011). Toxicity of cigarette butts, and their chemical components, to marine and freshwater fish. Tobacco Control, 20(S1), i25-i29.

20. Ericksen, M., Mackay, J., & Ross, H. (2012). The Tobacco Atlas (4th ed.) Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society.

21. Otañez, M. & Glantz, S.A. (2011). Social responsibility in tobacco production? Tobacco companies’ use of green supply chains to obscure the real costs of tobacco farming. Tobacco Control, 20(6), 403-411.

22. Zhang, Z.H., Zhu, H.B., Li, L.L., Yu, Y., Zhang, H. G., Zhang, H.G., & Liu, R.Z. (2013). Decline of semen quality and increase of leukocytes with cigarette smoking in infertile men. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11(7), 589-596.

23. Primo, C.C., Ruela P.B.F., Brotto, L.D., Garcia, T.R., & Lima, E. (2013). Effects of maternal nicotine on breastfeeding infants. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 31(3), 392-397.

24. Hyland, A., Piazza, K.M., Hovey, K.M., Ockene, J.K., Andrews, C.A., Rivard, C., & Wactawski-Wende, J. (2015). Associations of lifetime active and passive smoking with spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and tubal ectopic pregnancy: a cross-sectional analysis of historical data from the Women’s Health Initiative. Tobacco Control, 24, 328-335.

25. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved July 7, 2015 from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2001/complete_report/index.htm

LEAV

E T

HE PACK BEHIN

D

· SINCE 2000 ·

LeaveThePackBehind.org