SMARTGRID TECHNOLOGY WITH REFERENCE TO INDIAN POWER SYSTEM.pdf

8/14/2019 SMARTGRID TECHNOLOGY WITH REFERENCE TO INDIAN POWER SYSTEM.pdf

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SOME STUDIES ON SMARTSOME STUDIES ON SMART

GRID TECHNOLOGY WITHGRID TECHNOLOGY WITHPARTICULAR REFERENCEPARTICULAR REFERENCE

TO INDIAN POWERTO INDIAN POWER

DR.S.ROY BARMAN;WBSETCLDR.S.ROY BARMAN;WBSETCL


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SYNOPSISSYNOPSIS The electric power system is undergoing a profound changeThe electric power system is undergoing a profound change

driven by a number of needs,including environmentaldriven by a number of needs,including environmental

compliance and energy conservation.Grid reliability,operationalcompliance and energy conservation.Grid reliability,operationalefficiencies and customer service become important with agingefficiencies and customer service become important with aginginfrastructure.This paper includes a plan for electric utilities toinfrastructure.This paper includes a plan for electric utilities tomake their distribution grid a modern one,a smart one,an agilemake their distribution grid a modern one,a smart one,an agileone.Smart Grid solutions,including Distributionone.Smart Grid solutions,including Distribution

, ,, ,Management,Demand Response,Distributed EnergyManagement,Demand Response,Distributed EnergyManagement and Advanced Metering Infrastructure,allowManagement and Advanced Metering Infrastructure,allowutilities to identify and correct a number of specific systemutilities to identify and correct a number of specific systemissues through a single integrated,robust and scalable Smartissues through a single integrated,robust and scalable SmartGrid platform.The paper provides an overview of technologiesGrid platform.The paper provides an overview of technologies

being deployed and key Smart Grid applications beingbeing deployed and key Smart Grid applications beingimplemented.implemented.


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SMART GRIDSMART GRID

A smart grid is an umbrella term thatA smart grid is an umbrella term that

covers modernization of both thecovers modernization of both thetransmission and distribution grids.Thetransmission and distribution grids.Theconcept of a smart grid is that of a digitalconcept of a smart grid is that of a digital

upgrade of distribution and long distanceupgrade of distribution and long distancetransmission grids to both optimize currenttransmission grids to both optimize currentoperations by reducing the losses,as welloperations by reducing the losses,as well

as open up new markets for alternativeas open up new markets for alternativeenergy production.Components of smartenergy production.Components of smartgrid is shown in FIGUREgrid is shown in FIGURE 1.1.


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SMART GRID CONCEPT RELATES TOSMART GRID CONCEPT RELATES TO

ESSENTIALLY COMBININGESSENTIALLY COMBININGINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

REALLY OPTIMIZEREALLY OPTIMIZE

PERFORMANCE,IMPROVEPERFORMANCE,IMPROVE

PRODUCTIVITY,EFFICIENCY,REDUCEPRODUCTIVITY,EFFICIENCY,REDUCEOVERALL COSTS AND GET A BETTEROVERALL COSTS AND GET A BETTER

HANDLE ON ENERGY RESOURCES.HANDLE ON ENERGY RESOURCES.


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COMPONENTS OF SMART GRIDCOMPONENTS OF SMART GRID

1.Transmission Automation1.Transmission Automation

2.Distribution Automation2.Distribution Automation

3.Renewable Integration3.Renewable Integration

.. 5.Small appliances / PVEV/ Storage5.Small appliances / PVEV/ Storage

6.Distributed Generation & Storage6.Distributed Generation & Storage

7.Energy Efficiency7.Energy Efficiency 8.System operation8.System operation


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LATEST TECHNOLOGY TO BELATEST TECHNOLOGY TO BE

USED FOR SMART GRIDUSED FOR SMART GRID 1) Use of Superconductors for transmission lines, Transformers,1) Use of Superconductors for transmission lines, Transformers,

Generators, HT CablesGenerators, HT Cables Nano materials going to play a major role.Nano materials going to play a major role.

2) The sophisticated revenue models they will employ to shape2) The sophisticated revenue models they will employ to shape customers' behavior.customers' behavior.

3) Easy3) Easy--toto--install, lowinstall, low--cost sensors to measure energy use with highcost sensors to measure energy use with high

resolutionresolution

New Technology development opportunitiesNew Technology development opportunities lighting to solar microlighting to solar micro--invertersinverters

5) Grid5) Grid--scale electricity storage to buffer transients in supply andscale electricity storage to buffer transients in supply and

demanddemand

6) Electrified6) Electrified--vehicle infrastructure including batteries and chargingvehicle infrastructure including batteries and charging

stations ( Few MW)stations ( Few MW) 7) Universal Remote Control to a Set7) Universal Remote Control to a Set--top Box which includes Hometop Box which includes Home

ControlControl

8) Fuel Cell8) Fuel Cell


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LATEST TECHNOLOGY TO BELATEST TECHNOLOGY TO BE

USED FOR SMARTUSED FOR SMARTTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

1)1)ANALYTICAL TOOLSANALYTICAL TOOLS

System performance monitoring, simulation, and predictionSystem performance monitoring, simulation, and prediction

Phasor measurement analysisPhasor measurement analysis

Weather prediction and integrationWeather prediction and integration

UltraUltra--fast load flow analysisfast load flow analysis

Market s stem simulationMarket s stem simulation

HighHigh--speed computingspeed computing

2) Different communication choices Ex.Broadband over power2) Different communication choices Ex.Broadband over power

New Technology Development opportunitiesNew Technology Development opportunities

lineline

3) Wide3) Wide--area monitoring system (WAMS)area monitoring system (WAMS)

4) Dynamic line rating technology4) Dynamic line rating technology

5) Conductor/ compression connector sensor5) Conductor/ compression connector sensor

6) Insulation contamination leakage current sensor6) Insulation contamination leakage current sensor

7) Electronic instrument transformer7) Electronic instrument transformer

8) Fault8) Fault--testing reclosertesting recloser


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VARIOUS DOMAINS OF SMARTVARIOUS DOMAINS OF SMART

GRIDGRID

Bulk generation Bulk generation

Transmission Transmission

Distribution Distribution

Markets Markets Operations Operations

Service provider Service provider Customer Customer


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CHALLENGES TO BE TACKLEDCHALLENGES TO BE TACKLED

WHILE DESIGNING SMART GRIDWHILE DESIGNING SMART GRID

Financial ResourcesFinancial Resources

Government SupportGovernment Support

Development ofDevelopment ofccompatible Equipmentompatible Equipment

Speed of Technology DevelopmentSpeed of Technology Development Policy and Regulation to be framedPolicy and Regulation to be framed

Cooperation between different entitiesCooperation between different entities


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MAJOR DRIVING FORCES TOMAJOR DRIVING FORCES TO

MODERNISE CURRENT POWERMODERNISE CURRENT POWER

GRIDGRID * Increasing reliability,efficiency and safety of the power grid;* Increasing reliability,efficiency and safety of the power grid; * Enabling decentralized power generation so homes can be both* Enabling decentralized power generation so homes can be both

an energy client and supplier (provide consumers with interactivean energy client and supplier (provide consumers with interactivetool to manage energy usage);tool to manage energy usage);

**

supplier selection (enables distributedsupplier selection (enables distributedgeneration,solar,wind,biomass);generation,solar,wind,biomass);

*Increase GDP by creating more new green*Increase GDP by creating more new green--collar energy jobscollar energy jobsrelated to renewable energy industry manufacturing,plurelated to renewable energy industry manufacturing,plu--in electricin electricvehicles,solar panel and wind turbine generation,energyvehicles,solar panel and wind turbine generation,energy

consumption construction.consumption construction.


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SALIENT FEATURES OF SMARTSALIENT FEATURES OF SMART

GRIDGRID * Self healing :* Self healing :-- The grid has the ability to rapidlyThe grid has the ability to rapidly

detect,analyze,respond and restore from disturbances;detect,analyze,respond and restore from disturbances;

* Tolerant to attack : The grid should be resilient to* Tolerant to attack : The grid should be resilient tophysical and cyber security attacks;physical and cyber security attacks;

* Provide quality power required by users;* Provide quality power required by users;

* Accommodate various generation options,including* Accommodate various generation options,includinggreen power;green power;

* Allow competitive electricity markets;* Allow competitive electricity markets;

* Use IT for monitoring and minimize O & M costs;* Use IT for monitoring and minimize O & M costs;

* Empower the consumer and incorporate consumer* Empower the consumer and incorporate consumerequipment and behaviour in operation and design of theequipment and behaviour in operation and design of thegrid.grid.


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THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OFTHE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF

SMRT GRIDSMRT GRID * Dynamic,fast response to varying supply demand situations;* Dynamic,fast response to varying supply demand situations;

* Preparation of old grids to the era of alternate energy and energy* Preparation of old grids to the era of alternate energy and energy

efficiency;efficiency; * Constant monitoring and communication all around the electric* Constant monitoring and communication all around the electric

grid;grid;

* Establishment of dynamic energy markets and optimal revenue* Establishment of dynamic energy markets and optimal revenue

* Improving the overall efficiency of the network through better* Improving the overall efficiency of the network through bettermanagement of resources,thus reducing the effect on themanagement of resources,thus reducing the effect on theenvironment;environment;

* Improving the operational efficiency of utilities.This aspect is not to* Improving the operational efficiency of utilities.This aspect is not tobe under estimated,just changing the way utilities measure powerbe under estimated,just changing the way utilities measure power

and do billing can yield tremendous benefits;and do billing can yield tremendous benefits; * And last but not least,probably the foremost is to improve the* And last but not least,probably the foremost is to improve the

stability of the electrical system under any adverse conditions.stability of the electrical system under any adverse conditions.


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GREEN HOUSE GAS POLICYGREEN HOUSE GAS POLICY Smart grid is an aggregate term for a set of related technologies onSmart grid is an aggregate term for a set of related technologies on

which government has invited the attention.Demand sidewhich government has invited the attention.Demand side

management enabling grid connection of distributedmanagement enabling grid connection of distributedgeneration,power with photovoltaic arrays,small wind turbines,microgeneration,power with photovoltaic arrays,small wind turbines,microhydros or even combined heat power generators in buildingshydros or even combined heat power generators in buildingsincorporating grid energy storage for distributed generation, loadincorporating grid energy storage for distributed generation, loadbalancing and eliminating or containing failures such as widespreadbalancing and eliminating or containing failures such as widespread

..

of the smart grid is expected to save consumers money,fuel,importof the smart grid is expected to save consumers money,fuel,importof conventional energy resources and help reduce CO2of conventional energy resources and help reduce CO2emissions.Increase GDP by creating more new green collar workeremissions.Increase GDP by creating more new green collar workerenergy jobs related to renewable energy industryenergy jobs related to renewable energy industrymanufacturing,plugmanufacturing,plug--in electric vehicles,solar panel and wind turbinein electric vehicles,solar panel and wind turbine

generation,energy conservation construction.generation,energy conservation construction.


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OVERVIEW OF SMART GRIDOVERVIEW OF SMART GRID

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY * Detect and address emerging problems before they impact service;* Detect and address emerging problems before they impact service;

* Respond to local and system* Respond to local and system--wide inputs and know much more withoutwide inputs and know much more without

broader system problems;broader system problems; * Incorporate extensive measurements,rapid communications and feedback* Incorporate extensive measurements,rapid communications and feedback

controls that quickly return the system to a stable state after interruptions orcontrols that quickly return the system to a stable state after interruptions ordisturbances;disturbances;

* Automatically adapt protective systems to accommodate changing system* Automatically adapt protective systems to accommodate changing system

* Reroute power flows,change load patterns,improve voltage profiles and* Reroute power flows,change load patterns,improve voltage profiles andtake other corrective steps within seconds of detecting a problem;take other corrective steps within seconds of detecting a problem;

* Enable loads and distributed resources to participate in operations;* Enable loads and distributed resources to participate in operations;

* Be a grid that is self* Be a grid that is self--healing and adaptive,interactive with consumers andhealing and adaptive,interactive with consumers andmarkets,more secure from attacks,accommodate all generation and storagemarkets,more secure from attacks,accommodate all generation and storageoptions,accommodate bidirectional energy flow for net metering andoptions,accommodate bidirectional energy flow for net metering andpredictive rather than just reacting to emergencies.predictive rather than just reacting to emergencies.


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STEPS TO BE TAKEN FORSTEPS TO BE TAKEN FOR

UNIFICATION OF SMART GRIDUNIFICATION OF SMART GRID

* Integration of new technology/new type* Integration of new technology/new type

of generation at generation level;of generation at generation level; * Integration of new technology in* Integration of new technology in

transmission s stemtransmission s stem

* Smart way of managing the transmission* Smart way of managing the transmissionsystem;system;

* Integration of new & smart technology at* Integration of new & smart technology atdistribution level;distribution level;

* Smart way of using the electricity.* Smart way of using the electricity.


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DRIVERS FOR SMART GRIDDRIVERS FOR SMART GRID The global movement towards smart grid is driven by improvingThe global movement towards smart grid is driven by improving

operational efficiency,enhanced customer satisfaction,improvementoperational efficiency,enhanced customer satisfaction,improvement

in energy efficiency and environmental impact.These are elaboratedin energy efficiency and environmental impact.These are elaboratedbelow :below :

Operational efficiency : Increase operational productivity,reduceOperational efficiency : Increase operational productivity,reducecapital and operating costs,improvement physical/cyber security.capital and operating costs,improvement physical/cyber security.

Efficient ener use : O timize usua e meet rowinEfficient ener use : O timize usua e meet rowin

demand,enhance utilization of existing assets.demand,enhance utilization of existing assets. Customer satisfaction : Improve reliability matrix,empower consumerCustomer satisfaction : Improve reliability matrix,empower consumer

to control energy usuage,stronger communications.to control energy usuage,stronger communications.

Environmental aspects : Reduce GHG emissions with utility,giveEnvironmental aspects : Reduce GHG emissions with utility,givemore environmental options to consumer,adhere to regulatorymore environmental options to consumer,adhere to regulatorymandates.mandates.

The key functional elements whichThe key functional elements whichare required to meet the challenges are described in FIGUREare required to meet the challenges are described in FIGURE --2.2.


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MAJOR CHALLENGES TO BEMAJOR CHALLENGES TO BEFACED WHILE DESIGNINGFACED WHILE DESIGNING

SMART GRID TECHNOLOGYSMART GRID TECHNOLOGY Challenges are present in system planning,policies,metering,communication etc.AChallenges are present in system planning,policies,metering,communication etc.A

few major challenges to be faced are as folloews :few major challenges to be faced are as folloews :

System planning level : Too many decision makers,opposition to new plants andSystem planning level : Too many decision makers,opposition to new plants andlines,lack of predictive reallines,lack of predictive real--time system controls,inadequate focus on supplytime system controls,inadequate focus on supply--sidesidereliability solutions,proper tax incentives for predictive realreliability solutions,proper tax incentives for predictive real--time system,timetime system,time--

epen en con ro s,pr c ng n orma on an ax ncen ves or eman s eepen en con ro s,pr c ng n orma on an ax ncen ves or eman s e

management(DSM) technologies.management(DSM) technologies. Energy selling level : Public resistance to deregulation,lack of consumer participationEnergy selling level : Public resistance to deregulation,lack of consumer participation

in DSM,environmental incentives/penalties to be addressed,consumer access toin DSM,environmental incentives/penalties to be addressed,consumer access topricing information to enable DSM technology.pricing information to enable DSM technology.

Technology level : Communication bit falls for realTechnology level : Communication bit falls for real--time management of grid,optimaltime management of grid,optimalpower flow control,automatic meter reading,reduction in energy consumption by usepower flow control,automatic meter reading,reduction in energy consumption by use

of improved technology,harnessing alternate energy sources and feeding the gridof improved technology,harnessing alternate energy sources and feeding the gridfrom them,energy storage devices,innovation in smart sensors and automation.from them,energy storage devices,innovation in smart sensors and automation.


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DISTRIBUTED ENERGYDISTRIBUTED ENERGY

RESOURCES (DER)RESOURCES (DER) DERs are small sources of generation and/or storage that are connectedDERs are small sources of generation and/or storage that are connected

to the distribution system.A smart grid has the potential to have large andto the distribution system.A smart grid has the potential to have large andflexible sources of DERs to include solar photovoltaics,wind turbines,microflexible sources of DERs to include solar photovoltaics,wind turbines,microturbines,fuel cells and battery storage.An extension would result in anturbines,fuel cells and battery storage.An extension would result in anIntelligent Distributed Autonomous Power Systems(IDAPS),to includeIntelligent Distributed Autonomous Power Systems(IDAPS),to includenormal operation and outage mode operation.The characteristics are :normal operation and outage mode operation.The characteristics are :

Intelligent : IDAPS performs DSM based on price,secures criticalIntelligent : IDAPS performs DSM based on price,secures criticalloads,sheds loads of low priority and allows for locally available power to beloads,sheds loads of low priority and allows for locally available power to beshared within a community.shared within a community.

Distributed : DERs are dispersed and communicate through a common IPDistributed : DERs are dispersed and communicate through a common IPprotocol.protocol.

Autonomous : IDAPS disconnects itself from the local distribution utility andAutonomous : IDAPS disconnects itself from the local distribution utility andoperates autonomously to maintain integrity of the system.operates autonomously to maintain integrity of the system.

Here,theHere,the

distribution system begins to resemble a small transmission system and hasdistribution system begins to resemble a small transmission system and hasto consider nonto consider non--radial power flow and increased fault current duty.Thus itradial power flow and increased fault current duty.Thus itcan be seen that the evolution of a smart grid is still a long way off,fromcan be seen that the evolution of a smart grid is still a long way off,fromwhat has been conceptualized.what has been conceptualized.


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SUGGESTIVE MEASURES TOSUGGESTIVE MEASURES TOBE TAKEN FOR MOVINGBE TAKEN FOR MOVING

FORWARD TO A SMART GRIDFORWARD TO A SMART GRID

* Suggestions for DSM to selectively curtail* Suggestions for DSM to selectively curtail

delinquent customers/neighbourhoods;delinquent customers/neighbourhoods;

* Improve service for consistently paying* Improve service for consistently payingcustomers;customers;

* Increased use of renewables;* Increased use of renewables;

* Sophisticated metering i.e Smart Meter;* Sophisticated metering i.e Smart Meter; * Introduction of Availability Based Tariffs(ABT).* Introduction of Availability Based Tariffs(ABT).


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DESIRED FUNCTIONALITIES OFDESIRED FUNCTIONALITIES OF


* Self* Self--healing;healing;

* High reliability and power quality;* High reliability and power quality;

* Resistant to cyber attacks;* Resistant to cyber attacks;

* Accommodates a wide variety of* Accommodates a wide variety ofdistributed generation and storage options;distributed generation and storage options;

* Optimizes asset utilization;* Optimizes asset utilization;

* Minimizes operations and maintenance* Minimizes operations and maintenance

expenses.expenses.


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GUIDING PRINCIPLE TO BEGUIDING PRINCIPLE TO BE

FOLLOWED FOR DEVELOPMENTFOLLOWED FOR DEVELOPMENTOF SMART GRIDOF SMART GRID

INDIGENOUS MODEL TO BE DEVELOPED TO COMPETE WITHINDIGENOUS MODEL TO BE DEVELOPED TO COMPETE WITHREQUIRED HARDWARE EQUIPMENTS LOCAL PRODUCTIONREQUIRED HARDWARE EQUIPMENTS LOCAL PRODUCTION

AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TRAINING FORAND SKILL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TRAINING FORMAINTENANCE.MAINTENANCE.

SHORTAGE.SHORTAGE.

FOCUS ON THEFT PREVENTION AND LOSS REDUCTION.FOCUS ON THEFT PREVENTION AND LOSS REDUCTION.

ACCESS OF POWER TO RURAL AREAS TO THE POOR.ACCESS OF POWER TO RURAL AREAS TO THE POOR.

DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF POWER ANDDEVELOP ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF POWER ANDENHANCE RELIABILITY OF POWER TO URBAN AREAS.ENHANCE RELIABILITY OF POWER TO URBAN AREAS.

AFFORDABLE AND SUSTAINABLE POWER PRODUCTION.AFFORDABLE AND SUSTAINABLE POWER PRODUCTION.


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DESIGN CRITERIA OF SMARTDESIGN CRITERIA OF SMART

GRIDGRID * Increasing use of clean DER;* Increasing use of clean DER;

* Establishing a significant amount of DSM &* Establishing a significant amount of DSM &Demand side response capability with directDemand side response capability with directconsumer communication;consumer communication;

* Re lacin over build reliabilit methodolo ies* Re lacin over build reliabilit methodolo ies

with distribution and subwith distribution and sub--station automationstation automationapproaches;approaches;

* Maximizing utilization of the existing delivery* Maximizing utilization of the existing deliveryinfrastructure;infrastructure;

* Adding physical and IT security systems to* Adding physical and IT security systems toprotect critical infrastructure.protect critical infrastructure.


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FIXED DEVICES REQUIRED FORFIXED DEVICES REQUIRED FORIMPLEMENTATION OF SMARTIMPLEMENTATION OF SMART

GRID TECHNOLOGYGRID TECHNOLOGY The smart grid has a lot to do with decentralization i.e distributedThe smart grid has a lot to do with decentralization i.e distributed

generation and storage,distribution system automation andgeneration and storage,distribution system automation andoptimization,customer involvement and interaction,plug in hybrid electricoptimization,customer involvement and interaction,plug in hybrid electricvehicles (PHEV) and even micro grids.That means that it will be necessaryvehicles (PHEV) and even micro grids.That means that it will be necessary

throughout the distribution grid and all the way to the retail consumers sidethroughout the distribution grid and all the way to the retail consumers sideof the meter.This will involve few fixed devices like :of the meter.This will involve few fixed devices like :

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) devices and distributionSupervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) devices and distributionautomation (DA) devices;automation (DA) devices;

Automatic meter reading (AMR) devices and smart meters;Automatic meter reading (AMR) devices and smart meters;

Retail premises monitoring and control systems and energy managementRetail premises monitoring and control systems and energy management

systems (EMS) andsystems (EMS) and Emerging technologies for monitoring and control,both for electric utilitiesEmerging technologies for monitoring and control,both for electric utilities

and for consumers.and for consumers.


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ALTERNATIVE ENERGYALTERNATIVE ENERGY

SOURCESSOURCES

a) SOLAR POWER :a) SOLAR POWER :

b) FUEL CELLS :b) FUEL CELLS :

c) PHOTO VOLTAIC (PV) CELLS :c) PHOTO VOLTAIC (PV) CELLS :

d) WIND TURBINES :d) WIND TURBINES : e) BIODIESEL GENERATOR :e) BIODIESEL GENERATOR :

f) MICRO TURBINE :f) MICRO TURBINE :


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SUGGESTIVE MEASURES TO BESUGGESTIVE MEASURES TO BE

TAKEN FOR INDIATAKEN FOR INDIA Enlighten all stake holder about global developments.Enlighten all stake holder about global developments.

Insist and mandate to procure equipment based on openInsist and mandate to procure equipment based on open

standards.standards. Work with National & International bodies compling Smart GridWork with National & International bodies compling Smart Grid

concepts.concepts.

Standardise software / Hardware devices based onStandardise software / Hardware devices based on--

No proprietary.No proprietary.

Implement the best security standards.Implement the best security standards.

Software standarisation in distribution sector based on IECSoftware standarisation in distribution sector based on IEC61968 / 61970 (EMS).61968 / 61970 (EMS).

Measures to be takenMeasures to be taken for few pilot projects covering large areafor few pilot projects covering large area

as in other countries.as in other countries. Action to be taken forAction to be taken for rreplacement of equipments not suitableeplacement of equipments not suitable

for integration purposes.for integration purposes.


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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS The evolution of smart grid is still in its nascent stage.The entireThe evolution of smart grid is still in its nascent stage.The entire

power society is busy now in understanding & developing smartpower society is busy now in understanding & developing smart

power grid system which is no longer a theme of future.power grid system which is no longer a theme of future. Some of the utilities are progressive and have come forward toSome of the utilities are progressive and have come forward to

implement new technologies in their network for getting hands onimplement new technologies in their network for getting hands onexperience and would like to be the first to use latestexperience and would like to be the first to use latesttechnology,where as many utilities are still looking forward to sharetechnology,where as many utilities are still looking forward to share

e exper ences ga ne y e o ers e ore mp emen ng e newe exper ences ga ne y e o ers e ore mp emen ng e new

devices/technologies in their networks (deferred risk and higherdevices/technologies in their networks (deferred risk and higherdevelopment costs).development costs).

Some of the technologies may be improving the system reliabilitySome of the technologies may be improving the system reliabilityand increasing the life of the equipment/system,however notand increasing the life of the equipment/system,however notproviding the direct monitory benefit to the utility,do not get muchproviding the direct monitory benefit to the utility,do not get much

attention as a mind set.attention as a mind set. OffOff--settingsetting thethe peakpeak demanddemand byby renewablerenewable generation,plugginggeneration,plugging

hybridhybrid vehiclesvehicles forfor chargingcharging duringduring offoff--peakpeak loadload durationduration..


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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS With smart communication between end user and the service/powerWith smart communication between end user and the service/power

provider,power consumption can be optimized.The customer isprovider,power consumption can be optimized.The customer is

ignorant about the status of grid overloading,cost of the power atignorant about the status of grid overloading,cost of the power atany instant of time in order to schedule its consumption to optimalany instant of time in order to schedule its consumption to optimaluse.use.

At the moment it is difficult to access or predict the contribution ofAt the moment it is difficult to access or predict the contribution ofsmart grid technology to the Nationss energy efficiency applicablesmart grid technology to the Nationss energy efficiency applicableor e presen gr an ere may e o er var a es oo.or e presen gr an ere may e o er var a es oo.

In the coming years,many distribution systems will not resemble theIn the coming years,many distribution systems will not resemble thedistribution systems of today.These systems will have advanceddistribution systems of today.These systems will have advancedmetering,robust communications capability,extensive automationmetering,robust communications capability,extensive automationand distributed generation.Through the integrated use of theseand distributed generation.Through the integrated use of thesetechnologies,smart grids will be able to operate,provide high degreetechnologies,smart grids will be able to operate,provide high degree

of reliability and power quality.of reliability and power quality. There will also be mutiThere will also be muti--directional power flow possible,increaseddirectional power flow possible,increased

equipment utilization and more importantly,the customers will beequipment utilization and more importantly,the customers will beoffered a variety of services possibly at lower costs.offered a variety of services possibly at lower costs.


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SMARTGRID TECHNOLOGY WITH REFERENCE TO INDIAN POWER SYSTEM.pdf