SMART2SOIL - biconet.com › testing › infosheets › SCL.pdf · TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION Packaging & Delivery

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SMARTSOIL2

Operator’s ManualCode 1985-04

v 2.1 • 11/03

TABLE OF CONTENTSGENERAL INFORMATION

Packaging & Delivery ··································································· 5General Precautions ······································································ 5Safety Precautions ········································································· 5Limits of Liability ·········································································· 5Specifications ················································································ 6Contents and Accessories ······························································ 7CE Compliance·············································································· 8

CHEMICAL TESTING

An Introduction to Colorimetric Analysis ···································· 9Reagent Blank ··············································································· 10Colorimeter Tubes ········································································· 10Sample Dilution Techniques & Volumetric Measurements ·········· 11Interferences ················································································· 11

OPERATION OF THE SMART 2 COLORIMETER

Overview ······················································································ 13Power Source ················································································· 13Components ·················································································· 14Quick Start ··················································································· 15

GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

The Keypad ··················································································· 17The Display & the Menus ···························································· 18Looping Menus ·············································································· 20

TESTING

Testing Menu ················································································ 21Sequences of Tests ········································································ 22General Testing Procedures ·························································· 23Testing With the LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests ························ 23

EDITING MENU

Edit a Sequence ············································································ 25Adding or Deleting Tests ······························································ 26Creating a Soil Test Sequence························································ 29Calibrating LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests·································· 33Setting the Clock··········································································· 36Turning the Data Logger On and Off ············································ 37Factory Setup················································································· 38Setting the Power Saver Function·················································· 38

SMART 2 SOIL MANUAL 5/03 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)PC LINK

Output ··························································································· 39Computer Connection··································································· 39

BATTERY OPERATION

Replacing the Battery ···································································· 39

MAINTENANCE

Cleaning ························································································ 40

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

Error Messages ··············································································· 40Helpful Hints ················································································· 40

SMART 2 REAGENT SYSTEMS

Reagent Systems List ····································································· 41

SOIL TEST INSTRUCTIONS

Electronic Test MethodspH ··························································································· 47Lime Requirement - Woodruff Method··································· 47Soluble Salts (Total Dissolved Salts) ······································· 49

Extraction ProceduresMultiple Test Procedure ·························································· 49Single Test Procedure ······························································ 49Neutralization of Soil Extract·················································· 50

Ammonia-Nitrogen ······································································· 51Calcium & Magnesium·································································· 53Chloride ························································································· 57Copper ··························································································· 59Iron ································································································ 61Manganese····················································································· 63Nitrate-Nitrogen············································································ 65Nitrite-Nitrogen ············································································ 69Phosphorus ···················································································· 71Potassium ······················································································· 75Sulfur ····························································································· 77Zinc································································································ 79

3 SMART 2 SOIL MANUAL 5/03

GENERAL INFORMATION

�PACKAGING & DELIVERY

Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequateprotection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments.After the product leaves the manufacturer, all responsibility for its safe deliveryis assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be filedimmediately with the transportation company to receive compensation fordamaged goods.

Should it be necessary to return the instrument for repair or servicing, packinstrument carefully in suitable container with adequate packing material. Areturn authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company bycalling 1-800-344-3100. Attach a letter with the authorization number to theshipping carton which describes the kind of trouble experienced. This valuableinformation will enable the service department to make the required repairsmore efficiently.

�GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

Before attempting to set up or operate this instrument it is important to readthe instruction manual. Failure to do so could result in personal injury ordamage to the equipment.

The SMART 2 Colorimeter should not be stored or used in a wet or corrosiveenvironment. Care should be taken to prevent water or reagent chemicals fromwet colorimeter tubes from entering the colorimeter chamber.

NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN COLORIMETER.

�SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Read the labels on all LaMotte reagent containers prior to use. Somecontainers include precautionary notices and first aid information. Certainreagents are considered hazardous substances and are designated with a * in theinstruction manual. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for thesereagents. Read the accompanying MSDS before using these reagents.Additional emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available 24hours a day from the Poison Control Center listed in the front of the phonebook. Be prepared to supply the name and four-digit LaMotte code numberfound on the container label or at the top of the MSDS. LaMotte reagents areregistered with a computerized poison control information system available toall local poison control centers.

Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children.

Protect Yourself and Equipment: Use Proper Analytical Techniques

�LIMITS OF LIABILITY

Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life,property, profits, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of itsproducts.


�SPECIFICATIONS

� INSTRUMENT TYPE: Colorimeter

Readout Graphical 4 line, 16 character per line LCD

Wavelengths 430nm, 520 nm, 570 nm, 620 nm

Wavelength Accuracy � � nm

Readable Resolution Determined by reagent system

WavelengthBandwidth

�� nm typical

Photometric Range �2 to +2A

Photometric Precision � ��

Sample Chamber Accepts 25 mm diameter flat-bottomed test tubes

Light Sources 4 LEDs

Detectors 4 silicon photodiodes with integrated interferencefilters

Modes Absorbance, pre-programmed tests

Pre-Programmed Tests YES, with automatic wavelength selection

RS232 Port 8 pin mini-DIN, 9600b, 8, 1, n

Power Requirements Battery Operation: 9 volt alkaline

Line Operation: 110/220V AC;50/60 Hz with adapter, 6V 500 mA DC

Dimensions (LxWxH) 8.5 x 16.2 x 16.7 cm, 3.4 x 6.4 x 2.6 inches

Weight 312 g, 11 oz (meter only)

Data Logger 350 test results stored for download to a PC


�CONTENTS AND ACCESSORIES

� CONTENTS

SMART 2 Colorimeter

Test Tubes, with Caps

Sample Cell Holder, Universal

Power Supply, 110/220V

Battery Charger

SMART 2 Colorimeter Quick Start Guide

SMART 2 Soil Manual

� ACCESSORIES

Cigarette Lighter Adapter Code

Small Field Carrying Case Code 1919-GCS150

Large Field Carrying Case Code 1919-BCS440

SMARTLink 2 Program & Interface Cable (3.5 disk)Code 1912-3

SMARTLink 2 Program & Interface Cable (CD) Code 1912-CD


�CE COMPLIANCE

The SMART 2 Colorimeter has earned the European CE Mark of Compliancefor electromagnetic compatibility and safety.


Standards to whichConformity Declared:

Manufacturer's Name:

Manufacturer's Address:

Type of Equipment:

Model Name:

Year of Manufacture:

Testing Performed By:

EN61326:1998, IEC61326:1997,IEC61000-4-2:1995, IEC61000-4-3:1995IEC61000-4-4:1995, IEC61000-4-5:1995IEC61000-4-6:1996, IEC61000-4-11:1994,EN61000-3-2:1995, EN61000-3-3:1994-12,EN55011/CISPR11, FCCCFR47 Part 15,EN61558

802 Washington AvenuePO Box 329Chestertown, MD 21620

Colorimeter

SMART 2

2001

Windermere2000 Windermere CourtAnnapolis, MD 21401

LaMotte Company

I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified aboveconforms to the above Directive and Standards.

Place

Chestertown, Maryland

Date

1/15/02

Signature

Name

Scott H. Steffen

Position

VP New Products & Quality

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

CHEMICAL TESTING

�AN INTRODUCTION TO COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS

Most test substances in water or soil extract are colorless and undetectable tothe human eye. To test for their presence we must find a way to “see” them.The SMART 2 Colorimeter can be used to measure any test substance that isitself colored or can be reacted to produce a color. In fact a simple definition ofcolorimetry is “the measurement of color” and a colorimetric method is “anytechnique used to evaluate an unknown color in reference to known colors”. Ina colorimetric chemical test the intensity of the color from the reaction mustbe proportional to the concentration of the substance being tested. Somereactions have limitations or variances inherent to them that may givemisleading results. Many such interferences are discussed with each particulartest instruction. In the most basic colorimetric method the reacted test sampleis visually compared to a known color standard. However, accurate andreproducible results are limited by the eyesight of the analyst, inconsistencies inthe light sources, and the fading of color standards.

To avoid these sources of error, a colorimeter can be used to photoelectricallymeasure the amount of colored light absorbed by a colored sample in referenceto a colorless sample (blank).

White light is made up of many different colors or wavelengths of light. Acolored sample typically absorbs only one color or one band of wavelengthsfrom the white light. Only a small difference would be measured between whitelight before it passes through a colored sample versus after it passes through acolored sample. The reason for this is that the one color absorbed by thesample is only a small portion of the total amount of light passing through thesample. However, if we could select only that one color or band of wavelengthsof light to which the test sample is most sensitive, we would see a largedifference between the light before it passes through the sample and after itpasses through the sample.

The SMART 2 Colorimeter passes one of four colored light beams through oneof four optical filters which transmits only one particular color or band ofwavelengths of light to the photodectector where it is measured. The differencein the amount of colored light transmitted by a colored sample is ameasurement of the amount of colored light absorbed by the sample. In mostcolorimetric tests the amount of colored light absorbed is directly proportionalto the concentration of the test factor producing the color and the path lengththrough the sample. However, for some tests the amount of colored lightabsorbed is inversely proportional to the concentration.

The choice of the correct wavelength for testing is important. It is interestingto note that the wavelength that gives the most sensitivity (lower detectionlimit) for a test factor is the complementary color of the test sample. Forexample the Nitrate-Nitrogen test produces a pink color proportional to thenitrate concentration in the sample (the greater the nitrate concentration, thedarker the pink color). A wavelength in the green region should be selected toanalyze this sample since a pinkish-red solution absorbs mostly green light.


�REAGENT BLANK

Some tests will provide greater accuracy if a reagent blank is determined tocompensate for any color or turbidity resulting from the reagents themselves. Areagent blank is performed by running the test procedure on 10 mL ofdemineralized water. Use sample water to SCAN BLANK. Insert the reagentblank in the colorimeter chamber and select SCAN SAMPLE. Note result ofreagent blank. Perform the tests on the sample water as described. Subtractresults of reagent blank from all subsequent test results. NOTE: Some testsrequire a reagent blank to be used to SCAN BLANK.

�COLORIMETER TUBES

Colorimeter tubes which have been scratched through excessive use should bediscarded and replaced with new ones. Dirty tubes should be cleaned on boththe inside and outside. Fingerprints on the exterior of the tubes can causeexcessive light scattering and result in errors. Handle the tubes carefully,making sure the bottom half of the tube is not handled.

LaMotte Company makes every effort to provide high quality colorimetertubes. However, wall thicknesses and diameter of tubes may still vary slightly.This may lead to slight variations in results (e.g. if a tube is turned while in thesample chamber, the reading will likely change slightly). To eliminate this errorput the tubes into the sample chamber with the same orientation every time.

The tubes that are included with the colorimeter have an index mark tofacilitate this. If possible, use the same tube to SCAN BLANK and SCANSAMPLE.


�SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES& VOLUMETRIC MEASUREMENTS

If a test result using the SMART 2 Colorimeter gives an OVERRANGE messagethen the sample concentration could be over range or under range. If it is overrange, the sample must be diluted. Then the test should be repeated on thediluted sample to obtain a reading which is in the concentration range for thetest. (Note: This is not true for colorimetric determination of pH.)Example:

Measure 5 mL of the water sample into a graduated cylinder. Adddemineralized water until the cylinder is filled to the 10 mL line. The samplehas been diluted by one-half, and the dilution factor is therefore 2. Perform thetest procedure, then multiply the resulting concentration by 2 to obtain thetest result.

The following table gives quick reference guidelines on dilutions of variousproportions. All dilutions are based on a 10 mL volume, so several dilutionswill require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should beused for all dilutions.

Size of SampleDeionized Water to Bring

Volume to 10 mL Multiplication Factor

10 mL 0 mL 1

5 mL 5 mL 2

2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4

1 mL 9 mL 10

0.5 mL 9.5 mL 20

If the above glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with thecolorimeter tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample then transferit to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of demineralized water to thecontainer and mix. Transfer back 10 mL of the diluted sample to the tube andfollow the test procedure. Continue diluting and testing until a reading, whichis in the concentration range for the test, is obtained. Be sure to multiply theconcentration found by the dilution factor (the number of total 10 mL volumesused).

Example:

10 mL of sample is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of demineralized water;the dilution factor is four.

�INTERFERENCES

LaMotte reagent systems are designed to minimize most common interferences.Each individual test instruction discusses interferences unique to that test. Beaware of possible interferences in the soil extract being tested.

The reagent systems also contain buffers to adjust the water sample to the idealpH for the reaction. It is possible that the buffer capacity of the soil extract mayexceed the buffer capacity of the reagent system and the ideal pH will not beobtained. If this is suspected, measure the pH of a reacted distilled water


reagent blank using a pH meter. This is the ideal pH for the test. Measure thepH of a reacted soil extract using the pH meter. If the pH is significantlydifferent from the ideal value, the pH of the sample should be adjusted beforetesting.

Interferences due to high concentration of the substance being tested, can beovercome by sample dilution (see page 11).


OPERATION OF THESMART 2 COLORIMETER

�OVERVIEW

The SMART 2 Colorimeter is a portable, microprocessor controlled, directreading colorimeter. It has a graphical 4 line, 16 character liquid crystal displayfor graphical, alphabetical and numerical messages. The operation is controlledwith the keypad through menu driven software in response to selections shownon the display.

The test library consists of 100 LaMotte tests (not all 100 may be available atpresent) and 10 “User Tests”. The LaMotte tests are precalibrated for LaMottereagent systems. The colorimeter displays the results of these tests directly inunits of concentration. The 10 “User Tests” may be used to enter additionalcalibrations. All of these tests may be arranged in any of 3 sequences. Thesesequences can be modified a limitless number of times to meet changing testingneeds.

The optics feature 4 different colored LEDs. Each LED has a correspondingsilicon photodiode with an integrated interference filter. The interferencefilters select a narrow band of light from the corresponding LED for thecolorimetric measurements. The microprocessor automatically selects thecorrect LED/photodiode combination for a test.

A RS-232 serial port on the back of the colorimeter, and optional software,allows the SMART 2 to be interfaced with an IBM compatible personalcomputer for real time data acquisition and data storage. This port also allowsan interface with a RS-232 serial printer.

Due to its portability, alternate power sources, and rugged construction, theSMART 2 Colorimeter is ideal for lab and field use.

�POWER SOURCE

The SMART 2 Colorimeter uses a 6V 500 mA AC adapter. Please refer to theParts List for the code number for the correct adapter.

USE OF ANY AC ADAPTER OTHER THAN THE ONE SPECIFIEDFOR USE WITH THE SMART 2 COLORIMETER MAY DAMAGETHE METER AND WILL VOID THE WARRANTY. Do not use theadapter sold with the original SMART Colorimeter.

To use the adapter, slide the connector pin from the AC adapter into the smallhole on the left side of the meter. Plug the AC adapter into an appropriate wallsocket or power source.


�COMPONENTS

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the SMART 2 Colorimeter and its components.


SerialNumber

BatteryCompartment

RS232Serial Port

ACAdapter Socket

Lid

Top View Bottom View

Side Views

ENTER

OFF EXIT ON

*

SMART2••••••••••••••••••

�QUICK START

Some quick instructions to get into testing.

Press the ON button to turn on the SMART 2. TheLaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 secondsand then the Start screen appears. Press the�/ENTER button to start testing.

VER 1.0

Smart 2* Start

The MAIN MENU will appear. Press �/ENTER toselect TESTING MENU.

MAIN MENU

*Testing Menu

Editing Menu

PC Link

Press �/ENTER to select All Tests. TESTING MENU

*All Tests

Sequence 1

Sequence 2

Press � or � to move the * to the desired test. ALL TESTS

*001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia - N LF

Press �/ENTER to select test. ALL TESTS

*015 Chlorine

016 Cl F-UDV

017 Cl Liq-DPD

Insert blank, press �/ENTER to scan blank. 015 Chlorine

* Scan Blank

Continued...


The screen will display Blank Done for about 1second.

015 Chlorine

Blank Done* Scan Blank

Insert the reacted sample. Press �/ENTER to scansample. The SMART 2 will scan the sample anddisplay the concentration.

015 Chlorine

* Scan Sample

After recording test result, scroll with � or � andmake another selection with �/ENTER. PressEXIT to escape to previous menus.

015 Chlorine

1.28 ppm* Scan Sample


GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURESThe operation of the SMART 2 Colorimeter is controlled by a microprocessor.The microprocessor is programmed with menu driven software. A menu is a listof choices. This allows a selection of various tasks for the colorimeter toperform, such as, scan blank, scan sample, and edit test sequences. The keypadis used to make menu selections which are viewed in the display. There arethree selections accessible from the MAIN MENU: Testing Menu, EditingMenu and PC Link.

�THE KEYPAD

The keypad has 6 buttons which are used to perform specific tasks.

ON This button is used to turn the colorimeter on.

� This button will cause the display to scroll down through a list ofmenu choices. It will move through a list viewed in the display. Itwill auto scroll when held down.

� This button will cause the display to scroll up in a list of menuchoices. It will move through a list viewed in the display. It willauto scroll when held down.

ENTER

�

This button is used to select the menu choice adjacent to the “*” ina menu viewed in the display.

EXIT This button is an exit or escape button. When pressed, the displaywill exit from the current menu and go to the previous menu.

OFF This button turns the colorimeter off.

�SAMPLE HOLDERS

The sample chamber is designed for 25 mm round tubes. Additional sampleholders for 16 mm COD tubes and for 1 cm square UDV cuvettes are availablefor the SMART 2 Colorimeter.


�THE DISPLAY & THE MENUS

The display allows menu selections to be viewed and chosen. These choicesinstruct the colorimeter to perform specific tasks. The menus are viewed in thedisplay using two general formats which are followed from one menu to thenext. Each menu is a list of choices or selections.

There are four lines in the display. The top line in each menu is a title orpertinent instruction. The top line does not change unless a new menu isselected. The second and third lines are used in two ways. One way is to displaymenu choices. The second way takes advantage of the graphical capabilities ofthe display. Both lines are used to display important messages, such as testresults, in a large, easy to read format. The fourth line is used for menu choices.

DISPLAY

TESTING MENU TITLE or INSTRUCTION*FIRST CHOICE

SECOND CHOICE MENU CHOICE WINDOWANOTHER

AND ANOTHER

AND SO ON

Think of the menu choices as a vertical list in the display which moves up ordown each time an arrow button is pressed. This list or menu is viewed througha window, the menu choice window, in the display. The menu choice windowis the lower 2 or 3 lines of the display. Pushing the arrow buttons bringsanother portion of the menu into menu choice window. This is referred to asscrolling through the menu.

TESTING MENU � TESTING MENU � TESTING MENU

*FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE ANOTHER

SECOND CHOICE *ANOTHER AND ANOTHER

ANOTHER AND ANOTHER *AND SO ON

AND ANOTHER AND SO ON LAST CHOICE

AND SO ON LAST CHOICE

LAST CHOICE

An asterisk, “*”, will start in the far left position of the top line in the menuchoice window. As the menu is scrolled through, different choices appear nextto the “*”. The “*” in the display corresponds with the �/ENTER button.Pushing the �/ENTER button selects the menu choice which is adjacent tothe “*” in the menu choice window.


The second general format of the display takes advantage of the graphicscapabilities of the display. The top line of the display is still a title line. Themiddle two lines of the display are used to display important messages, results orgraphics in a large, easy to read format. The menus work in the same way asdescribed previously but only one line of the menu is visible at the bottom ofthe display.


Result or Message Result or Message Result or Message

*ANOTHER *AND ANOTHER *AND SO ON

AND ANOTHER AND SO ON LAST CHOICE

AND SO ON LAST CHOICE

LAST CHOICE

As described previously, the EXIT button allows an exit or escape from thecurrent menu and a return to the previous menu. This allows a rapid exit froman inner menu to the main menu by repeatedly pushing the EXIT button.Pushing OFF at any time will turn the colorimeter off.


�LOOPING MENUS

Long menus, such as All Tests, incorporate a looping feature which allowthe user to quickly reach the last choice in the menu from the first choice. In alooping menu the last choices in the menu are above the first choice andscrolling upward moves through the menu in reverse order. Scrolling downwardmoves through the menu from first choice to last but the menu starts overfollowing the last choice. So all menu choices can be reached by scrolling ineither direction. The diagrams below demonstrate a looping menu.

AND SO ON AND ANOTHER ANOTHER

: : : AND SO ON AND ANOTHER

: : : : : : AND SON ON

THIRD TO LAST : : : : : :

SECOND TO LAST THIRD TO LAST : : :

LAST CHOICE SECOND TO LAST THIRD TO LAST


*FIRST CHOICE *LAST CHOICE *SECOND TO LAST

SECOND CHOICE FIRST CHOICE LAST CHOICE

ANOTHER SECOND CHOICE FIRST CHOICE

AND ANOTHER ANOTHER SECOND CHOICE

AND SO ON AND ANOTHER ANOTHER

: : : AND SO ON AND ANOTHER

: : : : : : AND SO ON

LAST CHOICE : : : : : :


TESTING

�TESTING MENU

The Testing Menu is used to run all LaMotte pre-programmed tests, USERTESTS and Absorbance test at one of four wavelengths. Testing from any ofthree sequences can also be done.

Press ON to turn on the SMART 2Colorimeter. The LaMotte logo will appear forabout 2 seconds and the the Start screenappears. Press �/ENTER to begin testing.

VER 1.0

Smart 2* Start

The MAIN MENU will appear. Press �/ENTERto select Testing Menu.

MAIN MENU

*Testing Menu

Editing Menu

PC Link

Scroll with � or � and make a selection with�/ENTER. All Tests lists all the availabletests. The three sequences have selected testsand Absorbance lists %T/ABS tests.

TESTING MENU

*All Tests

Sequence 1

Sequence 2

Sequence 3

Absorbance


�SEQUENCES OF TESTS

SEQUENCE 1, SEQUENCE 2, and SEQUENCE 3 are alterable sequences. Theymay be edited using the Editing Menu. Any of the LaMottepre-programmed tests or User Tests may be placed in these sequences inwhatever testing order that is preferred. Some examples of typical sequences aregiven below.SEQUENCE 1 SEQUENCE 2 SEQUENCE 3

*015 Chlorine *002 Aluminum *003 Ammonia-N LF

079 Phosphate H 035 Cyanide 032 Cu-DDC

009 Bromine-LR 041 Fluoride 064 Nitrate-N L

076 pH TB 053 Iron Phen 067 Nitrite-N L

061 Moly-HR 055 Manganese L 074 pH CPR

086 Silica Hi 064 Nitrate-N L 078 Phosphate L

045 Hydrazine 067 Nitrite-N L 085 Silica Lo

032 Cu-DDC 077 Phenol

051 Iron Bipyr 078 Phosphate L

090 Sulfide-LR

These alterable sequences allow a series of tests to be setup that are runfrequently. The order of the individual tests in the sequence is determined bythe user. After running a test, use � to scroll to the next test and press�/ENTER to select the next test in the sequence. Continue this pattern untilthe entire sequence has been completed.

All Tests is a fixed sequence containing the LaMotte pre-programmed tests,User Tests, and Absorbance tests.

Modification of the alterable sequences is accomplished through the EditingMenu. This menu is explained in greater detail in EDITING MENU (p. 25).

Pressing the EXIT button while in a sequence menu will escape back to theTesting Menu.

Pressing the OFF button at any time will turn the colorimeter off.


�GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES

The following are some step by step examples of how to run tests from theTesting Menu. These test procedures are designed to be used with LaMotteSMART Reagent Systems.

�TESTING WITH THE LaMOTTEPRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS

Press ON to turn on the SMART 2 Colorimeter.The LaMotte logo will appear for about 2 secondsand then the Start screen appears. Press �/ENTERto start testing.

VER 1.0

Smart2*Start

The MAIN MENU will appear. Press �/ENTER toselect Testing Menu.

MAIN MENU

*Testing Menu

Editing Menu

PC Link

Press �/ENTER to select All Tests. TESTING MENU

*All Tests

Sequence 1

Sequence 2

Press � to scroll to 002 Aluminum. ALL TESTS

*001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

Press �/ENTER to select 002 Aluminum. ALL TESTS

*002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

004 Ammonia-N LS

Continued...


The SMART 2 Colorimeter is ready to scan at thecorrect wavelength. Place the blank in the samplechamber, close the lid and press �/ENTER to scanblank.

NOTE: Do not keep the button depressed.

002 Aluminum

*Scan Blank

The screen will display Blank Done for about 1second. Scan Sample will be positioned next to *.

002 Aluminum

Blank Done*Scan Blank

Place the reacted sample in the chamber, close thelid and press �/ENTER to scan sample. Thecolorimeter will scan the sample and the resultsscreen will appear.

002 Aluminum

*Scan Sample

Record test result. To repeat the test, press�/ENTER to scan the sample again. The last blankscanned is used to zero the colorimeter for repeatedscans. A different blank can be used by pressing � toscroll back to Scan Blank and then scanninganother blank. Scroll with the � or � buttons andmake another selection with the �/ENTER button.The %T or Absorbance of the last test can be viewedby choosing %T/Abs. Press EXIT to escape toprevious menus.

NOTE: The menus loop in this screen so either the� or � buttons will lead to the menu selectionneeded.

002 Aluminum

0.09 ppm*Scan Blank

Next Test

Previous Test

%/Abs

Scan Blank


EDITING MENUThe EDITING MENU allows the user to edit sequences, edit user tests, set theclock, edit the logging function, and set the power saving function.

�EDIT A SEQUENCE

The EDIT SEQUENCE menu allows three alterable test sequences (SEQUENCE1, SEQUENCE 2, and SEQUENCE 3) to be edited.

Press ON to turn on the SMART 2 Colorimeter.The LaMotte logo will appear for about 2 secondsand then the Start screen appears. Press �/ENTERto start testing.

VER 1.0

Smart2*START

The Main Menu will appear. Press � to scroll toEditing Menu.

MAIN MENU

Testing Menu

*Editing Menu

PC Link

Press �/ENTER to select Editing Menu. MAIN MENU

*Editing Menu

PC Link

The Editing Menu appears. Press �/ENTER toselect Editing Sequence.

EDITING MENU

*Edit Sequence

Edit User Test

Set Clock

The Edit Sequence menu appears. Press�/ENTER to scroll to select Edit Sequence 1.

EDIT SEQUENCE

*Edit Sequence 1

Edit Sequence 2

Edit Sequence 3

Continued...


Sequence 1 appears. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

009 Bromine-LR

�ADDING OR DELETING TESTS

There are three ways to alter a sequence: Insert Before, Insert After,and Delete. Insert Before adds a new test to the sequence before theselected test. Insert After adds a new test to the sequence after the selectedtest. Delete is used to remove an existing test from a sequence.

Below is a step by step example of how to add a test to SEQUENCE 1 startingfrom the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu.

Press � to scroll to 009 Bromine-LR. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

*009 Bromine-LR

Press �/ENTER to select 009 Bromine-LR. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

Press �/ENTER to select Insert Before. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

The ALL TESTS menu appears. Press � to moveto 002 Aluminum.

ALL TESTS

*002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

004 Ammonia-N LS


Press �/ENTER to select 002 Aluminum. ALL TESTS

*002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

004 Ammonia-N LS

Sequence 1 appears in EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menuand 002 Aluminum is now before Bromine-LR inthe sequence. All changes to Sequence 1 areautomatically saved. Press the EXIT button to exitthe EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and return to theEDIT SEQUENCE menu or continue editing.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

002 Aluminum

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

The EDIT SEQUENCE menu appears. Select anothersequence to edit or press EXIT to return to theEDITING MENU. Press EXIT again to return the theMAIN MENU.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*Edit Sequence 1

Edit Sequence 2

Edit Sequence 3

Below is a step by step example of how to delete a test from SEQUENCE 1

starting from the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu. The test 002 Aluminum, addedin the previous example, will be deleted.

Press � to scroll to 002 Aluminum. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

002 Aluminum

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

Press �/ENTER to select 002 Aluminum. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*002 Aluminum

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB


Press � to scroll to Delete. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

Press �/ENTER to select Delete. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*Delete

Sequence 1 appears in the EDIT SEQUENCE 1

menu and 002 Aluminum has been deleted. Allchanges to SEQUENCE 1 are automatically saved.Press EXIT to exit the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menuand return to the EDIT SEQUENCE menu orcontinue editing.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

The EDIT SEQUENCE menu appears. Select anothersequence to edit or press EXIT to return to theEDITING MENU. Press EXIT again to return the theMAIN MENU.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*Edit Sequence 1

Edit Sequence 2

Edit Sequence 3


�CREATING A SOIL TEST SEQUENCE

To create a testing sequence specifically for the reagent systems in the SMART2 Soil Manual follow the step by step example below. After current storedsequence has been cleared of previous tests, the soil tests will be entered. Testsin the soil sequence will appear in the order that they are listed in the manual.

Start from the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and delete all of the existing tests inthe menu by following the example below.

Press �/ENTER to select 015 Chlorine. EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH-TB

060 Moly-LR


*Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

Press �/ENTER to select Delete. ALL TESTS

*Delete


menu and 015 Chlorine has been deleted. Allchanges to Sequence 1 are automatically saved. Press�/ENTER to select 079 Phosphate H.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*079 Phosphate H

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

086 Silica Hi

Continued....



*Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

Press �/ENTER to select Delete. ALL TESTS

*Delete


menu and 079 Phosphate H has been deleted.All changes to Sequence 1 are automatically saved.Press �/ENTER to select 009 Bromine-LR.Delete 009 Bromine-LR and all other tests inSequence 1. When all tests have been deleted theADD TEST TO SEQ menu will be displayed.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

086 Silica Hi

045 Hydrazine

Add a test to Sequence 1 as follows.

Press �/ENTER to select Continue. ADD TEST TO SEQ

*Continue

The ALL TESTS menu appears. Press � to move to099 Zinc-LR.

ALL TESTS

*001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

Press �/ENTER to select 099 Zinc-LR. ALL TESTS

*099 Zinc-LR

100 Zinc-HR

101 Abs 430



menu and 099 Zinc-LR is now in Sequence 1. Allchanges to Sequence 1 are automatically saved. Press�/ENTER to select 099 Zinc-LR.

ALL TESTS

*099 Zinc-LR


*Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

The ALL TESTS menu appears. Press � to move to089 Sulfate-HR.

ALL TESTS

*001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

Press �/ENTER to select 089 Sulfate-HR. ALL TESTS

*089 Sulfate-HR

090 Sulfate-LR

091 Sulfide-HR


menu and 089 Sulfate-HR is now in Sequence 1.Press �/ENTER to select 089 Sulfate-HR.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*089 Sulfate-HR

099 Zinc-LR


*Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

Continued....


The ALL TESTS menu appears. Press � to move to081 Potassium.

ALL TESTS

*001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

Press �/ENTER to select 081 Potassium. ALL TESTS

*081 Potassium

082 QAC

083 SDMBT

Continue following this procedure to insert the remaining tests in this order:089 Phosphate L, 064 Nitrate-N L, 067 Nittrite-N L, 056Manganese L, 051 Iron Bipyr, 032 Cu DDC, and 005 Ammonia-N H.


menu and all the tests have been added. All changesto Sequence 1 are automatically saved.

Press EXIT to exit the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menuand return to the EDIT SEQUENCE menu.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*005 Ammonia-N H

032 Cu DDC

051 Iron Bipyr

056 Manganese

064 Nitrate-N L

067 Nitrite-N L

078 Phosphate L

081 Potassium

089 Sulfate - HR

099 Zinc - LR

The EDIT SEQUENCE menu appears. Selectanother sequence to edit or press EXIT to return tothe EDITING MENU. Press EXIT again to return tothe MAIN MENU.

EDIT SEQUENCE

*Edit Sequence 1

Edit Sequence 2

Edit Sequence 3


�CALIBRATING LaMOTTE PRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS

The LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests have been pre-calibrated. Recalibration ofthe pre-programmed tests by the user is not possible. However, a procedure tostandardize the calibration can be performed to obtain the most accuratereadings or to meet regulatory requirements.

The LaMotte Pre-Programmed tests are standardized with one standardsolution. To standardize over the full range of the test, the concentration of thestandard should be chosen from the high end of the range. Alternatively, ifsamples do not cover the full range of the test, a standard should be chosen thatis close to the concentration of the samples.

For the SMART 2 Soil colorimeter, the standard should be prepared in distilledor deionized water for the range of the reagent system before the multiplicationfactor has been applied to the reading on the display. The following standardsare recommended to standardize over the full range of the tests:

Ammonia Nitrogen 3.00 ppm Ammonia Nitrogen

Copper 4.00 ppm Copper

Iron 4.00 ppm Iron

Manganese 11.00 ppm Manganese

Nitrate Nitrogen 2.00 ppm Nitrate Nitrogen

Nitrite Nitrogen 0.60 ppm Nitrite Nitrogen

Phosphorus 2.00 ppm Phosphate

Potassium 7.00 ppm Potassium

Sulfur 75 ppm Sulfate

Zinc 2.00 ppm Zinc

The standardization procedure should be followed as often as required byregulations and laws for compliance monitoring.

In the example below the Aluminum calibration will be standardized.

Prepare a standard solution to be tested. Use 0.10 ppm aluminum.

Use the � or � button to scroll to 002 Aluminum.Follow instructions in the SMART2 Manual fortesting the aluminum standard. Scan the blank.

002 Aluminum

SEQUENCE 3

*Scan Blank

Continued...


The screen will display Blank Done for about 1second. Scan Sample will be positioned next to *.

002 Aluminum

Blank Done*Scan Sample

Place the reacted sample in the chamber, close thelid and press �/ENTER to scan sample. The resultwill be displayed.

002 Aluminum

*Scan Sample

The displayed result can now be standardized. Usethe � or � buttons to scroll to Calibrate. Press�/ENTER to select.

002 Aluminum

0.09 ppm*Scan Sample

Next Test

Previous Test

%T/Abs

Calibrate

Scan Blank

A reverse font (dark background with lightcharacters) will appear to indicate that the readingcan be adjusted. Use � or � to scroll to theconcentration of the sample, 0.10 ppm in thisexample.

002 Alumninum

0.09

*Calibrate

Set the calibration by pressing �/ENTER to selectCalibrate.

002 Aluminum

0.10

*Calibrate


Two menu choices will be offered, SetCalibration and Factory Setting. Set thecalibration by pressing �/ENTER to select SetCalibration; or use � or � to scroll to and selectFactory Setting to revert to the factorycalibration.

002 Aluminum

0.10

*Set Calibration

Factory Setting

The meter will display the message “Storing” andreturn to 002 Aluminum test. Storing

The calibration for 002 Aluminum has now beenstandardized and can be used for testing. Thestandardization can be removed by repeating thecalibration and selecting Factory Setting.

002 Aluminum

*Scan Sample

Next Test

Previous Test

%/Abs

Calibrate

Scan Blank


�SETTING THE CLOCK

Setting the clock allows the correct time and date stamp to be stored with eachreading in the data logger and with each reading sent out the serial port.

From the EDITING MENU use � to scroll to SetClock. Press �/ENTER to select.

EDITING MENU

*Edit Sequences

Edit User Test

Set Clock

Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save

The current date and time are displayed as month -day - year on the first line and as hours : minutes :seconds on the second line. A two-digit number isdisplayed for each setting. Use � and � to scroll tothe appropriate number and press �/ENTER toselect. The cursor will move to the next digit. Set allsubsequent numbers in the same manner. Selectingthe final digit in the seconds field stores the date andtime and returns to the EDITING MENU.

NOTE: These are looping menus.

SET TIME

MM - DD - YY

HH : MM : SS

EDITING MENU

*Set Clock

Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save


�TURNING THE DATA LOGGER ON AND OFF

The default setting for the datalogger is “Enabled” or turned off. If there is noneed for data logging, this setting is suggested. If data logging is needed, thedata logger can be “Enabled” or turned on.

From the EDITING MENU use � to scroll to EditLogging. Press �/ENTER to select.

EDITING MENU

*Edit Sequences

Edit User Test

Set Clock

Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save

The current setting is always displayed next to the *.To change the setting, use � or � to scroll to theother setting. Press �/ENTER to select.

EDIT LOGGING

*Enabled

Disabled

The meter will display the message “Storing” andreturn to the EDITING MENU. Storing

EDITING MENU

*Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save


�FACTORY SETUP

The Factory Setup menu is used in the manufacturing of the SMART 2Colorimeter. This menu is not for use by the operator in the field.

�SETTING THE POWER SAVING FUNCTION

The SMART 2 Colorimeter has a power saving function that turns the meteroff after an interval of inactivity. If no buttons have been pressed during thatinterval the meter will turn itself off. This interval can be disabled or set for 5,15, 30 or 60 minutes. The default setting is 5 minutes.

From the EDITING MENU use � to scroll to SetPWR Save. Press �/ENTER to select.

EDITING MENU

*Edit Sequences

Edit User Test

Set Clock

Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save

The current setting is always displayed next to the *.To change the setting, use � or � to scroll to theappropriate setting. Press �/ENTER to select.

Disabled

AUTO SHUTOFF

*5 Minutes

15 Minutes

30 Minutes

60 Minutes

The meter will display the message “Storing” andreturn to the EDITING MENU. Storing

EDITING MENU

*Set PWR Save


PC LINKThe SMART 2 Colorimeter may be interfaced with any Windows-basedcomputer by using the LaMotte SMARTLink2 Program and Interface Cable(Order Code 1912-3 �3.5 disk or 1912-CD �compact disk). The programstores customer information and test data in a database. It can be used todownload data stored in the SMART 2 datalogger for each test site.

The colorimeter may also be interfaced with an RS-232 serial printer, using aninterface cable (Order Code 1772) and setting the printer configuration to theOutput as described below.

Choose PC Link from the Main Menu. The user can download the entiredatalogging buffer. Downloading does not delete or empty the datalogger.

�OUTPUT

RS-232 compatible, asynchronous serial, 9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, 1stop bit.

�COMPUTER CONNECTION

RS-232 interface connection, 8 pin mini-DIN/9 pin F D-submin. (Order Code1772).

BATTERY OPERATIONThe colorimeter may be run on battery power or AC using the AC adapter. Ifusing the meter as a benchtop unit, keep it plugged in if possible. If used ononly battery power, always have a spare battery on hand.

If the battery power is low, the SMART 2 willdisplay “LOW BATT” and turn off. LOW BATT

�REPLACING THE BATTERY

The SMART 2 Colorimeter uses a standard 9-volt alkaline battery that isavailable worldwide. The battery compartment is located on the bottom of thethe case.

To replace the battery:

1. Open the battery compartment lid.

2. Remove the battery and disconnect the battery from the polarized plug.

3. Carefully connect the new battery to the polarized plug and insert it into thecompartment.

4. Close the battery compartment lid.


MAINTENANCE

�CLEANING

Clean with a damp, lint-free cloth.

DO NOT ALLOW WATER TO ENTER THE COLORIMETERCHAMBER OR ANY OTHER PARTS OF THE METER.

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

�ERROR MESSAGES

� OVER RANGE

If the message OVERRANGE is displayed when scanning a sample, the samplemay be over range or under range. If the sample is over range the sample shouldbe diluted and tested again (see Sample Dilution Techniques and VolumetricMeasurements, p. 11).

If OVERRANGE is displayed, press �/ENTER tocontinue testing on diluted samples.

015 Chlorine

OVERRANGE*Continue

�HELPFUL HINTS

� STRAY LIGHT

The SMART 2 Colorimeter should have no problems with stray light. Makesure that the sample compartment lid is always fully closed.


SMART2 COLORIMETERREAGENT SYSTEMSThis SMART2 Colorimeter contains calibrations for pre-programmed LaMotteSMART reagent systems for water testing as well as the pre-programmed soiltests included in this lab. A SMART2 manual (Code 1919-MN) andappropriate reagent systems and chamber adapters are required to perform thewater test procedures. Call LaMotte Technical Services at 800-344-3100(410-778-3100 outside the USA) or email [email protected] for a current listof available calibrations.

�REAGENT SYSTEMS LIST

Test # Test Factor Range(ppm) Test Method (# of Reagents)# ofTests

1 Alkalinity-UDV 0-200 Unit Dose Vials (1) 502 Aluminum 0.00-0.30 Eriochrome Cyanine R (4) 503 Ammonia Nitrogen-

Low Range, Fresh Water0.00-1.00 Salicylate (3) 25

4 Ammonia Nitrogen-Low Range, Salt Water

0.00-1.00 Salicylate (3) 25

5 Ammonia Nitrogen-High Range

0.00-4.00 Nesslerization (2) 50

6 Arsenic7 Barium8 Boron 0.00-0.80 Azomethine-H (2) 259 Bromine-Low Range 0.00-9.00 DPD (3) 10010 Bromine-High Range11 Bromine-UDV 0.0-22.0 DPD (1)12 Cadmium 0.00-1.00 PAN (4) 5013 Ca & Mg Hardness-UDV 0-400 Unit Dose Vials (1) 5014 Carbohydrazide 0.000-0.900 Iron Reduction (3) 10015 Chlorine 0.00-4.00 DPD (3) 10016 Chlorine-Free-UDV 0.00-10.00 DPD (1) 5017 Chlorine-Liquid DPD 0.00-4.00 DPD (3) 14418 Chlorine-Total-UDV 0.00-10.00 DPD (1) 5019 Chlorine-Total-

UDV, High Range20 Chlorine Dioxide 0.00-8.00 DPD (2) 10021 Chloride-TesTab 0.0-30.0 Argentometric (1) 5022 Chromium 0.00-1.00 Diphenylcarbohydrazide (1) or (5) 10023 Chromium-TesTab24 Cobalt 0.00-2.00 PAN (3) 5025 COD-Low Range 5-150 Digestion (1) 25



26 COD-Standard Range 0-1500 Digestion (1) 2527 COD-High Range 0-15000 Digestion (1) 2528 Color 0-1000 Platinum Cobalt (0)

29 Copper-BCA-Low Range 0.00-3.50 Bicinchoninic Acid (1) 5030 Copper-BCA-High Range31 Copper-Cuprizone 0.00-2.00 Cuprizone (2) 5032 Copper-DDC 0.00-6.00 Diethyldithiocarbamate (1) 5033 Copper-UDV 0.0-4.0 Bicinchoninic Acid (1) 5034 Copper-Zincon-

High Range0-4.0

35 Cyanide 0.00-0.50 Pyridine-Barbituric Acid (5) 5036 Cyanuric Acid 5-200 Melamine (1) 10037 Cyanuric Acid-UDV 5-150 Melamine (1) 5038 DEHA 0.000-0.700 Iron Reduction (3) 10039 Dissolved Oxygen 0.0-11.0 Winkler Colorimetric (3) 10040 Erythorbic Acid 0.00-3.00 Iron Reduction (3) 10041 Fluoride 0.00-2.00 SPADNS (2) 5042 Formaldehyde-Low Range43 Formaldehyde-High

Range44 Hardness-TesTab45 Hydrazine 0.00-1.00 P-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (2) 2546 Hydrogen Peroxide-

Low Range0.00-1.50 DPD (2) 100

47 Hydrogen Peroxide-High Range

48 Hydrogen Peroxide-UDV49 Hydroquinone 0.00-2.00 Iron Reduction (3) 10050 Iodine 0.00-14.00 DPD (3) 10051 Iron-Bipyridyl 0.00-6.00 Bipyridyl (2) 5052 Iron-UDV 0.00-10.00 Bipyridyl (1) 5053 Iron-Phenanthroline 0.00-5.00 1,10 Phenanthroline (2) 5054 Lead 0.00-5.00 PAR (5) 5055 Manganese-Low Range 0.00-0.70 PAN (3) 5056 Manganese-High Range 0.0-15.0 Periodate (2) 5057 Mercury 0.00-1.50 TMK (3) 5058 Methylethylketoxime 0.00-3.00 Iron Reduction (3) 10059 Molybdenum-

Very Low Range60 Molybdenum-Low Range61 Molybdenum-High Range 0.0-50.0 Thioglycolate (3) 5062 Morpholine63 Nickel 0.00-8.00 Dimethylglyoxime (6) 50



64 Nitrate Nitrogen-Low Range

0.00-3.00 Cadmium Reduction (2) 20

65 Nitrate Nitrogen-High Range

66 Nitrate-TesTab 0.0-60.0 Zinc Reduction (1) 5067 Nitrite Nitrogen-

Low Range0.00-0.80 Diazotization (2) 20

68 Nitrite Nitrogen-High Range

69 Nitrite-TesTab70 Oil/Grease71 Ozone-Low Range 0.00-0.40 Indigo (3) 10072 Ozone-High Range 0.00-2.50 Indigo (3) 2573 Palladium74 pH-Chlorophenol Red 5.0-6.8 Chlorophenol Red (1) 10075 pH-Phenol Red 6.6-8.4 Phenol Red (1) 10076 pH-Thymol Blue 8.0-9.6 Thymol Blue (1) 10077 Phenol 0.00-6.00 Aminoantipyrine (3) 5078 Phosphate-Low Range 0.00-3.00 Ascorbic Acid Reduction (2) 5079 Phosphate-High Range 0.0-70.0 Vanodomolybdphosphoric Acid (1) 5080 Polyacrylate81 Potassium 0.0-10.0 Tetraphenylboron (2) 10082 QAC83 SDMBT84 Selenium85 Silica-Low Range 0.0-4.0 Heteropoly Blue (4) 5086 Silica-High Range 0-75 Silicomolybdate (3) 5087 Silver88 Sulfate-Low Range89 Sulfate-High Range 0-100 Barium Chloride (1) 5090 Sulfide-Low Range 0.00-1.50 Methylene Blue (3) 5091 Sulfide-High Range92 Sulfite-Low Range93 Sulfite-High Range94 Surfactants 0.5-8.0 Bromphenol Blue (3) 5095 Suspended Solids96 Tannin 0.0-10.0 Tungsto-molybdophosphoric Acid

(2)50

97 TMIO98 Turbidity 0-400 FTU Absorption (0)

99 Zinc-Low Range 0.00-3.00 Zincon (6) 50100 Zinc-High Range



••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

SMARTSOIL2

SOIL TESTINSTRUCTIONS

ELECTRONIC TEST METHODS

pH

PROCEDURE

1. Use the 10 g Soil Measure (1164) to add one level measure of the soilsample to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Use the graduated cylinder (0416) to add10 mL of deionized water. Stir thoroughly.

2. Let stand for at least 30 minutes, stirring two or three times.

3. Stir mixture just prior to making the pH reading. Determine the pHreading of the sample by following the instructions for the pH Meter.

LIME REQUIREMENT -WOODRUFF METHOD

PROCEDURE

1. Use the 10 g Soil Measure (1164) to add one level measure of the soilsample to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Use the graduated cylinder (0416) to add10 mL of deionized water. Stir thoroughly.

2. Let stand for at least 15 minutes.

3. Add 20 mL of Woodruff Buffer Solution (5272). Mix well, and let stand forat least 20 minutes, stirring two or three times.

4. Take reading using the pH meter. Stir mixture just prior to making reading.

5. Each 0.1 pH unit drop from pH 7.0 indicates a lime requirement equivalentto 1000 lbs calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

SOLUBLE SALTS(TOTAL DISSOLVED SALTS)Most plants will get along well at soluble salts concentrations of below 1000parts per million. However, greenhouse and many sensitive garden plants maybe damaged if the soluble salts are over 500 parts per million of chlorides,particularly some of the most sensitive legumes. If the soluble salts are greaterthat 1000 parts per million, the chlorides and sulfates should be determined tolearn whether the soluble salts are chlorides or sulfates. In calcareous soils, thesulfates represent gypsum and have little effect on the production of plants.

PROCEDURE

1. Fill a 50 mL beaker (0944) with the soil to be tested, tapping it lightly toeliminate any trapped air and then strike off the surface.

2. Empty the contents of the beaker into the 300 mL bottle (0991). Add100 mL of deionized water.

3. Cap the bottle and shake vigorously. Allow to stand for thirty minutes.During the thirty minute waiting period the bottle should be shakenvigorously three or four times.

4. Filter the contents of the bottle using funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463)and collect the filtrate in a 100 mL bottle (0990) which is then used as aconductivity chamber.

5. Determine the TDS reading of the sample by following the instructions forthe TDS 5 Meter.

6. To convert conductivity to Soluble Salts (Total Dissolved Solids), use thefollowing formula.

ppm Soluble Solids (Total Dissolved Solids) =Micromhos/cm @ 25�C x 0.7


EXTRACTION PROCEDUREThe following method of extraction is employed for obtaining the soil filtratefor the tests for Nitrate Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium,Magnesium, Ammonia Nitrogen, Nitrite Nitrogen, Manganese, Copper, Zinc,and Iron. Separate extractions are required for the Chloride and Sulfate tests.Consult the LaMotte Soil Handbook (1504) for information on sampling andpreparation of sample for testing.

�MULTIPLE TEST PROCEDURE

1. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 5 mL of *Acid Extracting Solution (6361)to the 100 mL graduated cylinder (0419). Add deionized water to 75 mLgraduation.

2. Pour this solution into the 100 mL bottle (0990).

3. Use the Soil Measure (1165) to add 15 g (one level measure) of the soilsample to the bottle.

4. Cap the bottle and shake for 5 minutes.

5. Use the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463) to filter and collect all of thesoil extract in a 100 mL bottle (0990).

6. The soil extract is used for all of the tests listed above, except Chloride andSulfate.

�SINGLE TEST PROCEDURE

1. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of *Acid Extracting Solution (6361)to the test tube (0701), then add deionized water to fill to the 15 mL line.

2. Use the 1.0 g spoon (0697) to add 3 measures of soil to the extractingsolution in the test tube.

3. Cap the tube and shake for 5 minutes.

4. Filter, using the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463) and collect all of thesoil extract.

5. The soil extract is used for all of the tests listed above except Chloride andSulfate.


�NEUTRALIZATION OF SOIL FILTRATE

In the test procedures for Ammonia Nitrogen, Calcium & Magnesium,Copper, Iron, Manganese and Zinc require that the acidity of the soil extract beneutralized before the test procedure is performed. This is done by adding*Sodium Hydroxide, 15% (7886) to the soil extract until Bromthymol BlueTest Paper (2931) indicates that the pH is in the proper range.

1. Add one drop of *Sodium Hydroxide, 15% (7886) to the soil extract. Stirwith the stirring rod.

2. Touch the stirring rod to the Bromthymol Blue Test Paper (2931).

3. If the test paper does not change from yellow to blue or green, continueadding *Sodium Hydroxide, 15% to the soil extract, one drop at a time. Stirand test the pH after the addition of each drop until the test paper changesfrom yellow to green or blue.


AMMONIA-NITROGEN

NESSLERIZATION METHOD CODE 3642-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #1 V-4797-G2 x 30 mL *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #2 *V-4798-G1 Pipet, 1 mL, plastic 0354*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety read label and MSDS beforeusing.

A fertile soil may be expected to give a low ammonia nitrogen test reading,unless there has been a recent application of nitrogenous fertilizer in formsother than the nitrate. The rapid disappearance of ammonia after fertilizerapplication indicates the desired transformation of the ammonia to the moreavailable nitrate compounds. In forest soils, ammonia is the most abundantavailable form of nitrogen. If there is a satisfactory rate of nitrogentransformation, the humus layers of a forest soil will produce very highconcentrations of ammonia nitrogen.

RANGE: 0.00-200.00 lb/acre Ammonia-Nitrogen

METHOD: Ammonia forms a colored complex with Nessler’sReagent in proportion to the amount of ammoniapresent in the sample. Rochelle salt is added toprevent precipitation of calcium or magnesium inundistilled samples.

INTERFERENCES: Sample turbidity and color may interfere. Turbiditymay be removed by filtration procedure. Colorinterferences may be eliminated by blanking theinstrument with a sample blank.


PROCEDURE

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing5 Ammonia-N H) from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 5 Ammonia-N H from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to transfer 2 mL of soil extract into a clean tube(0290). Dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water. Mix and neutralizeaccording to the procedure on page 50.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK. (See Note)

8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Add 12 drops of Ammonia NitrogenReagent #1 (V-4797). Cap and mix. Wait 1 minute.

9. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent#2 (V-4798). Cap and mix. Allow 5 minutes for maximum colordevelopment.

10. At end of the 5 minute waiting period, immediately mix, insert tube intochamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 50 todetermine the ammonia-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.

11. Press OFF button to turn the colorimeter off or press the EXIT button exitto a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined toaccount for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. Todetermine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilledor deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the teston a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank.Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples.It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number ofreagents are obtained.

�AMMONIA NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART

POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE

0-24 lb/acre Low25-68 lb/acre MediumOver 71 lb/acre High


CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM

SCHWARZENBACH EDTA METHOD CODE M-CAL-MAG


30 mL *Calcium & Magnesium Buffer *5126-G60 mL Standard EDTA Reagent 5254-H100 Calcium Hardness Indicator Tablets T-5250-J30 mL Calcium Magnesium Inhibitor Reagent 3922-G30 mL *CM Indicator Reagent *6522WT-G30 mL *Sodium Hydroxide w/Metal Inhibitors *4259-G15 mL *Inhibitor Solution *9258-E15 mL *TEA Reagent *3921-E2 Direct Reading Titrators, 0-1000 Range 03841 Pipet, transfer, plastic 03641 Test tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 0778*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety read label and MSDS beforeusing.

The amount of total calcium in soils may range from as little as 0.1% to asmuch 25%. A calcium deficiency is rarely a problem due to widely acceptedpractice of applying lime to soil to raise the pH to the proper range foroptimum plant growth. As an important mineral nutrient, calcium is acomponent of cell walls in plants and is known to stimulate root and leafdevelopment as well as activate several enzyme reactions involved in plantmetabolism. Indirectly, calcium influences crop yields by reducing soils acidityand by reducing the toxicity of several other soil minerals such as manganese,zinc, and aluminum.

The Schwarzenbach EDTA titration method, used to determine calcium andmagnesium, involves two titrations. The first titration gives the calcium andmagnesium content, the second only calcium. Magnesium is calculated fromthe difference between the titration values.

RANGE: 0-800 lb/acre Calcium

0-480 lb/acre MagnesiumMETHOD: Titration with Schwarzenbach EDTA

INTERFERENCE: Sample color and turbidity may interfere withendpoint.


PROCEDURE

I. DILUTION OF SOIL EXTRACTUse the 30 mL graduated cylinder (0418) to measure 10 mL of the soil extractand transfer it to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Add 10 mL of deionized water, mixand neutralize according to the procedure on page 50.

II. TITRATION A, CALCIUM & MAGNESIUMCarefully read the LaMotte Direct Reading Titrator Manual (1649) beforeperforming the titrations described below.

1. Fill the test tube (0778) to the 5 mL line with the soil extract from above.Dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.

2. Add 5 drops of Calcium Magnesium Inhibitor Reagent (3922).

3. Wait 5 minutes.

4. Use a pipet (0364) to add 5 drops of *Calcium & Magnesium Buffer (5126).

5. Add 10 drops of *CM Indicator (6522WT).

6. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0384) with the Standard EDTA Reagent(5254). Insert the tip of the Titrator into the center hole of the test tubecap.

7. While gently swirling the tube, slowly press the plunger to titrate until thecolor changes from red to blue.

8. Read the Titrator scale at the tip of the plunger and multiply by 5.16. This isTitration Value A.

III. TITRATION B, CALCIUM1. Fill the test tube (0778) to the 5 mL line with the diluted soil extract. Dilute

to 10 mL with deionized water.

2. Add 2 drops of *Inhibitor Solution (9258).

3. Add 2 drops of *TEA Reagent (3921).

4. Add 8 drops of *Sodium Hydroxide w/Metal Inhibitors (4259).

5. Add one Calcium-Hardness Indicator Tablet (T-5250) to the test sample.Cap and shake to dissolve the tablet. A red color will develop.

6. Immediately titrate the sample. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator withStandard EDTA Reagent (5254). Insert the tip of the Titrator into the holein the cap of the test tube.

7. While gently shaking the tube, slowly press the plunger to titrate until thered color changes to a clear blue and does not revert to red upon standing1-2 minutes.

8. Read the Titrator scale at the tip of the plunger and multiply by 5.16. This isTitration Value B.


IV. FINAL RESULTSCalcium Content = 0.4 x Titration Value B = ppm Ca

Magnesium Content = 0.24 (Value A � Value B) = ppm Mg

Multiply the results by 2 to obtain the content in pounds per acre.

EXAMPLE:

Titration Value A is 640 ppm CaCO3

Titration Value B is 520 ppm CaCO3

Calcium = 0.4 x 520 = 208 ppm Ca

= 208 x 2 = 416 lb/acre Ca

Magnesium = 0.24 (640 � 520)

= 0.24 x 120 = 29 ppm Mg

= 29 x 2 = 58 lb/acre Mg



CHLORIDE

DIRECT READING TITRATOR METHOD CODE M7241


15 mL *Chloride Reagent #1 *4504-E60 mL *Silver Nitrate, 0.141N *3062DR-H1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, plastic, w/cap 07011 Spoon, 1g 06971 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 07781 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-1000 Range 0384*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety, read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

Chlorides are present in practically all soils. Application of fertilizer mayincrease chloride levels. Chlorides are removed from soil by leaching. Excessiveconcentrations are toxic to plants. A high test reading, particularly wherestunted growth has been observed, may indicate poisoning due to high chloridelevels in the soil. This test is valuable on saline soils or when contaminationfrom sea water or sea spray is suspected. Normal soils of humid regions rarelygive readable tests, except when recently receiving liberal amounts of fertilizerscontaining chlorides.

RANGE: 0-1000 lb/acre Chloride

METHOD: In a neutral or slightly alkaline solution, potassiumdichromate indicates the endpoint of the silvernitrate titration.

INTERFERENCES: Bromine, iodide and cyanide register as equivalentchloride concentrations.


PROCEDURE

Carefully read the LaMotte Direct Reading Titrator Manual (1649) beforeperforming the titration procedure described below. The Titrator is calibratedin terms of parts per million chloride and each minor division on the Titratorscale equals 20 ppm.

1. Fill a clean test tube (0701) to the 15 mL line with deionized water.

2. Add 3 measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697). Cap tube and shake forfive minutes.

3. Filter and collect all of the soil filtrate using the funnel (0459) and filterpaper (0463). The extract does not have to be clear since a slight turbiditydoes not interfere in the test.

4. Fill the test tube (0778) to the 10 mL line with the filtrate.

5. Add three drops of *Chloride Reagent #1 (4504) to the sample. Cap andshake to mix. A yellow color will result.

6. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0384) with *Silver Nitrate, 0.141(3062DR) in the manner described in the instruction manual.

7. Titrate the test sample with *Silver Nitrate, 0.141 (3062DR) until theyellow color changes permanently to pink. Record the Titrator reading. Ifthe plunger reaches the bottom mark (1000 ppm) on the Titrator scalebefore the endpoint color change occurs, refill the Titrator and continue thetitration procedure. Be sure to include the value of the original amountadded (1000 ppm) when recording the final result.


COPPER

DIETHYZDITHIOCARBAMATE METHODCODE M3639-46-65-SC


15 mL *Copper 1 *6446-E*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety, read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

Like many other micronutrients, the amount of available copper variesconsiderably with the type of soil. Well drained sandy soils are usually low incopper while heavily clay-type soils contain an abundant supply of copper. Likemanganese, copper may be unavailable in soils that have a high organicmake-up because it readily forms insoluble complexes with organic compounds.

Generally from 0.2-25 lb/acre of copper is added to the soil to correct adeficient level. Copper is another metal that is necessary in the formation ofthe chlorophyll molecule and like other metals, e.g. iron, manganese and zincacts as a catalyst.

RANGE: 0.00-30.00 ppm Copper

METHOD: Cupric ions form a yellow colored chelate withDiethyldithiocarbamate around pH 9-10, inproportion to the concentration of copper in thesample.

INTERFERENCES: Bismuth, cobalt, mercury, nickel and silver ions andchlorine (6 ppm or greater) interfere seriously andmust be absent.


PROCEDURE




4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 32 Cu DDC) fromTESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 32 Cu DDC from menu.

6. Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil extract thenneutralize according to the procedure on page 50.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from colorimeter and add 5 drops of *Copper 1 (6446). Capand mix. Solution will turn yellow if copper is present.

9. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply theresult by 5 to determine the copper concentration in ppm.

10. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT button to exit to aprevious menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: The reaction may stain the tubes. Scrub the tubes thoroughly aftereach use.

�COPPER CONCENTRATION CHART

PARTS PER MILLION RANGE

0-1 ppm Low1-3 ppm Marginal3-4 ppm Adequate


IRON

BIPYRIDYL METHOD 3648-SC


30 mL *Iron Reagent #1 *V-4450-G5 g *Iron Reagent #2 Powder *V-4451-C1 Pipet, 0.5 mL 03531 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety, read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

Iron is essential to the formation of chlorophyll, and iron deficiency causeschlorosis. While most soils contain abundant iron, only a fraction is solubleand readily available to the growing plant. This is particularly true in neutral oralkaline soils. Acid soils contain higher levels of available iron.

RANGE: 0.00-30.00 ppm Iron

METHOD: Ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron and subsequentlyforms a colored complex with bipyridyl for aquantitative measure of total iron.

INTERFERENCES: Strong oxidizing agents interfere, as well as copperand cobalt in excess of 5.0 mg/L


PROCEDURE




4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 51 Iron Bipyr)

from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 51 Iron Bipyr from menu.



8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.5 mL pipet (0353) to add onemeasure of *Iron Reagent #1 (V-4450). Cap and mix.

9. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add 0.1 g of *Iron Reagent #2 Powder(V-4451). Cap and shake vigorously for 30 seconds. Wait three minutes formaximum color development.

10. At the end of 3 minute waiting period, do not mix. Insert tube intochamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 5 todetermine the iron concentration in ppm.


NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined toaccount for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. Todetermine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilledor deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the teston a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank.Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples.It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number ofreagents are obtained.

�IRON CONCENTRATION CHART


0.0-1.3 ppm Very Low1.4-3.0 ppm Low3.0-5.0 ppm Medium5.0-10.0 ppm Medium HighAbove 10.0-25.0 ppm High


MANGANESE

PERIODATE METHOD CODE 3669-SC


10 g Manganese Buffer Reagent 6310-D15 g *Manganese Periodate Reagent *6311-E1 Spoon, 0.1 g 06991 Spoon, 0.15 g 0727*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety, read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

The amount of manganese available to the plant is dependant upon the soilpH, the quantity of organic matter present, and the degree of aeration.Manganese deficiency is most likely to occur in neutral or alkaline soils becauseit is less soluble at elevated pH levels. In extremely acid soils, where manganeseis more soluble, toxic levels may exist which may reduce crop yields. In slightlyacid sandy soils, manganese may leach past the root zone and not be able forutilization by the plant. Also, it is believed that manganese may form insolubleorganic complexes in some soils that have high humus content. All of thefactors contribute to the availability of this essential element. Only soil ortissue tests can determine whether deficient or toxic levels of manganese exist.

Although manganese is known to play an important role in many of themetabolic processes in the plant, little is known about its function other than itis required in some enzyme reactions and is required for the formation ofchlorophyll in the plant.

RANGE: 0.00-75.00 ppm Manganese

METHOD: Periodate method

INTERFERENCES: Reducing substances capable of reacting withperiodate or permanganate must be eliminated.Chlorine in small amounts can be oxidized byperiodate.


PROCEDURE




4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 56 Manganese H)from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 56 Manganese H from menu.



8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add twomeasures of Manganese Buffer Reagent (6310). Cap and mix until powderdissolves.

9. Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add one measure of *Manganese PeriodateReagent (6311). Cap and shake for one minute. An undissolved portion ofthe reagent may remain in the bottom of the tube without adverselyaffecting the test results. Wait two minutes for maximum colordevelopment. Solution will turn pink if manganese is present.

10. At the end of the two minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber,close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 5 to determinethe manganese concentration in ppm.


�MANGANESE CONCENTRATION CHART


0-5 ppm Low5-12 ppm Medium13-24 ppm Medium High25-40 ppm HighOver 40 ppm Very High


NITRATE-NITROGEN

CADMIUM REDUCTION METHOD CODE 3649-SC


2 x 60 mL *Mixed Acid Reagent *V-6278-H5 g *Nitrate Reducing Reagent *V-6279-C1 Spoon, 0.1g 06991 Dispenser cap 0692*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety, read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

Nitrogen is a component of the chlorophyll (green color) in plants, thus givingplants the rich green color characteristic of a healthy plant. Nitrogen promotessucculence in forage crops and leafy vegetables. When used at therecommended rates, nitrogen improves the quality of leaf crops. It alsosimulates the utilization of phosphorus, potassium and other essential nutrientelements. The above-ground growth of plants is enhanced with nitrogen.Nitrogen hastens crop maturity (assuming all other nutrients are adequatelysupplied and excessive nitrogen rates are not applied). Nitrogen is veryinfluential in fruit sizing.

RANGE: 0.00-300.00 lb/acre Nitrate-Nitrogen

METHOD: Powdered cadmium is used to reduce nitrate tonitrite. The nitrite that is originally present plusreduced nitrate is determined by diazotizingsulfanilamide and coupling withN-(1 naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride toform a highly colored azo dye which is measuredcolorimetrically.

INTERFERENCES: Strong oxiding and reducing substances interfere.Low results might be obtained for samples thatcontain high concentrations of iron and copper.


PROCEDURE

NOTE: Place Dispenser Cap (0692) on *Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278). Savethis cap for refill reagents.




4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 64 Nitrate-N LR)from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 64 Nitrate-N LR from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of soil extract to a clean tube (0290)and dilute to the line with deionized water. Cap tube and mix.


8. Remove tube from colorimeter and pour off 5 mL into graduated cylinder orsimilar. Discard the remaining diluted extract.

9. Pour the 5 mL diluted extract from a graduated cylinder or similar into thetube. Use the graduated cylinder or similar to measure 5 mL of *Mixed AcidReagent (V-6278) and add to tube. Cap and mix. Wait 2 minutes beforeproceeding to Step 10.

10. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures of *Nitrate ReducingReagent (V-6279). Cap.

11. Hold tube by index finger and thumb and mix by inverting approximately60 times a minute for four minutes. Wait 10 minutes for maximum colordevelopment.

NOTE: At end of waiting period an undissolved portion of NitrateReducing Reagent may remain in bottom of the tube without affectingresults.

12. At the end of the 10 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber,close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 100 to determinethe nitrate-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.

13. Press OFF to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT to exit to a previous menuor make another selection.

NOTES:

� For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to accountfor any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determinethe reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled ordeionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform thetest on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagentblank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results ofunknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank onlywhen a new lot number of reagents are obtained.

� To convert Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3–N) results to ppm Nitrate (NO3),multiply by 4.4.


�NITRATE-NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART


0-9.0 lb/acre Low11-29 lb/acre Medium33-51 lb/acre Medium High53-100 lb/acre HighOver 100 lb/acre Very High



NITRITE-NITROGEN

DIAZOTIZATION METHOD CODE 3650-SC


2 x 60 mL *Mixed Acid Reagent *V-6278-H5 g *Color Developing Reagent *V-6281-C1 Spoon, 0.1g 06991 Dispenser cap 0692*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety, read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

Nitrites are formed as an intermediate step in the production of nitrate. Soilsthat are well drained and aerated contain only small amounts of nitritenitrogen. Excessive nitrites, which are toxic to plants, may result from soilconditions unfavorable to the formation of nitrate, such as inadequate aeration.High nitrite readings may also be encountered in soils with large amounts ofnitrates, where a portion of the nitrate nitrogen decomposes to form nitrites.

RANGE: 0.00-40.00 lb/acre Nitrate-Nitrogen

METHOD: The diazonium compound formed by diazotization ofsulfanilamide by nitrite in water under acidconditions is coupled withN-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine to produce areddish-purple color which is read colorimetrically.

INTERFERENCES: There are few known interferences of substances atconcentrations less than 1000 times that of nitrite;however, the presence of strong oxidants orreductants may readily affect the nitriteconcentrations. High alkalinity (above 600 mg/L)will give low results due to a shift in pH.


PROCEDURE

NOTE: Place Dispenser Cap (0692) on *Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278). Savethis cap for refill reagents.




4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 67 Nitrite-N LR)from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 67 Nitrite-N LR from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 mL of soil extract to a clean tube (0290)and dilute to the line with deionized water. Cap tube and mix.


8. Remove tube from colorimeter and pour off 5 mL into a graduated cylinderor similar. Discard the remaining diluted extract.

9. Pour the 5 mL diluted extract from the graduated cylinder or similar intothe colorimeter tube. Use graduated cylinder or similar to measure 5 mL of*Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278) and add to tube. Cap and mix.

10. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures of *Color DevelopingReagent (V-6281). Cap and mix by gently inverting for 1 minute. Wait 5minutes for maximum color development.

11. At the end of the 5 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber,close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 50 to determinethe nitrite-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.


NOTE: To convert nitrite-nitrogen (NO2–N) results to ppm nitrite (NO2),multiply results by 3.3.

�NITRITE-NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART


0.0-2.0 lb/acre Low2.5-4.0 lb/acre Medium4.5-10.0 lb/acre HighOver 10 lb/acre Very High


PHOSPHORUS

ASCORBIC ACID REDUCTION METHOD CODE 3653-SC


60 mL *Phosphate Acid Reagent *V-6282-H5 g *Phosphate Reducing Reagent *V-6283-C1 Pipet, 1 mL, plastic 03541 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

Phosphorus is necessary for the hardy growth of the plant and activity of thecells. It encourages root development, and by hastening the maturity of theplant, it increases the ratio of grain to straw, as well as the total yield. It playsan important part in increasing the palatability of plants and simulates theformation of fats, convertible starches and healthy seed. By stimulating rapidcell development in the plant, phosphorus naturally increases the resistance todisease. An excess of phosphorus does not cause the harmful effect of excessivenitrogen and has an important balancing effect upon the plant.

RANGE: 0.00-99.00 lb/acre Phosphorus

METHOD: Ammonium molybdate and antimony potassiumtartrate react in a filtered acid medium with dilutesolution of PO4-2 to form anantimony-phosphomolybdate complex. This complexis reduced to an intense blue colored complex byascorbic acid. The color is proportionate to theamount of phosphate present. (Only orthophosphateforms a blue color in this test.) Polyphosphates (andsome organic phosphorus compounds) may beconverted to the orthophosphate form by sulfuric aciddigestion. Organic phosphorus compounds may beconverted to the orthophosphate form by persulfatedigestion.

INTERFERENCES: High iron concentrations can cause precipitation ofand subsequent loss of phosphorus.


PROCEDURE




4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 78 Phosphate L)from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 78 Phosphate L from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of the soil extract to a clean tube(0290) and dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.


8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of*Phosphate Acid Reagent (V-6282). Cap and mix.

9. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add one measure of *Phosphate ReducingReagent (V-6283). Cap and shake until powder dissolves. Wait 5 minutesfor full color development. Solution will turn blue if phosphorus is present.

10. At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, close lidand select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 32 to determine thephosphorus concentration in lb/acre.


PHOSPHORUS IN ALKALINE SOILS

A special extraction procedure is used for determining the available phosphoruscontent of Western U.S. alkaline soils where the pH value is above 7.0.

EXTRACTION PROCEDURE1. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of the *Special NF Extracting

Solution (6362) to the test tube (0701) then add deionized water to thegraduation.

2. Add 3 one gram measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697) to theextracting solution in the vial.

3. Cap the vial and shake for a period of 5 minutes.

4. Filter using the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463). Collect all of thefiltrate.

5. Perform the Phosphorus test according to the Phosphorus procedure givenabove.


�PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION CHART


0-14 lb/acre Very Low16-34 lb/acre Low35-67 lb/acre MediumOver 70 lb/acre High



POTASSIUM

TETRAPHENYLBORON METHOD CODE M3639-46-65-SC


30 mL *Sodium Hydroxide, 0.1N *4004WT-G5g *Tetraphenylboron Powder *6364-C1 Spoon, 0.05g 0696*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety, read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

Potassium is not a component of the structural makeup of plants, yet it plays avital role in the physiological and biochemical functions of plants. The exactfunction of potassium in plants is not clearly understood, but many beneficialfactors, implicating the involvement and necessity of potassium in plantnutrition have been demonstrated. Some of these factors are: it enhancesdisease resistance by strengthening stalks and stems; activates various enzymesystems within plants; contributes to a thicker cuticle (waxy layer) whichguards against disease and water loss; controls the turgor pressure within plantsto prevent wilting; enhances fruit size, flavor, texture and development and isinvolved in the production of amino acids (the building blocks for protein),chlorophyll formation ( green-color), starch formation and sugar transport fromleaves to roots.

When present in large amounts, ammonia salts will produce a precipitatesimilar to that produced by potassium. If fertilizer containing ammonia salts hasrecently been applied, or if the soil pH is below pH 5.0, perform the ammoniatest before performing the potassium test. A high ammonia nitrogen test resultwill alert the operator to a probable false high reading in the potassium test;actual potassium tests will be somewhat lower.

RANGE: 0.0-500.0 lb/acre Potassium

METHOD: Potassium reacts with sodium tetraphenylboron toform a colloidal white precipitate in quantitiesproportional to the potassium concentrationmeasured as turbidity.

INTERFERENCES: Calcium and Magnesium at very high concentrations.


PROCEDURE




4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 81 Potassium) fromTESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 81 Potassium from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 ml of the soil extract to a clean tube(0290) and dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.


8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Add 4 drops of *Sodium Hydroxide, 1.0N(4004WT). Cap and mix.

9. Use the 0.05 g spoon (0696) to add one measure of *TetraphenylboronPowder (6364). Cap and shake vigorously until all of the powder hasdissolved. Wait 5 minutes.

10. At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix tube again to suspend any settledprecipitate. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE.Multiply the result by 50 to determine the potassium concentration inlb/acre.


NOTES:

� For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to accountfor any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determinethe reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled ordeionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform thetest on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagentblank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results ofunknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank onlywhen a new lot number of reagents are obtained.

� For the most accurate results, the sample and reagents should be at25±4°C.

�POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION CHART


0-44 lb/acre Very Low50-76 lb/acre Low82-143 lb/acre Medium144-281 lb/acre HighOver 294 lb/acre Very High


SULFUR

BARIUM CHLORIDE METHOD CODE 3639-45-65-SC


10 g *Sulfate Reagent *V-6277-D1 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety, read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

Sulfur is essential to the formation of protein and affects various aspects ofplant metabolism. Sulfur-deficient plants are pale green in color with thin,reedy stems. Negatively charged sulfate ions are easily leached. The majorsources of soil sulfate are fertilizer containing sulfate compounds andatmospheric sulfur dioxide carried into the soil by precipitation.

RANGE: 3-94 ppm Sulfur

METHOD: Sulfate ion is precipitated in an acid medium withbarium chloride to form barium sulfate crystals inproportion to the amount of sulfate present.

INTERFERENCE: Suspended matter and color interference may beremoved by a filtration step. Silica in excess of500 mg/L will interfere.


PROCEDURE




4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 89 Sulfate-HR)from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 89 Sulfate-HR from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of *Sulfate Extracting Solution(6363) to the test tube (0701) then add deionized water to the 15 mL line.

7. Add 3 one gram measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697). Cap vial andshake for five minutes.

8. Filter and collect all of the soil filtrate using the funnel (0459) and filterpaper (0463). If the filtrate is not clear, filter a second time.

9. Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil extract.

10. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK..

11. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add onemeasure of *Sulfate Reagent (V-6277). Cap and shake until powderdissolves. A white precipitate will develop if sulfates are present. Wait 5minutes.

12. Mix tube again. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN

SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 1.65 to determine the sulfur concentrationin ppm.


NOTES:

� If the sulfate concentration of the test sample is greater than 100 ppm, it isrecommended that a dilution be made with deionized water and the resultsmultiplied by the dilution factor.

� A white film is deposited on the inside of test tubes as a result of thesulfate test. Thoroughly clean and rinse test tubes after each test.

� For the most accurate results, samples and reactions should be at 25±4°C.

� SULFUR CONCENTRATION CHART


0-16 ppm Low17-30 ppm Medium Low31-50 ppm Medium52-75 ppm High


ZINC

ZINCON METHOD CODE 3667-SC


30 mL *Zinc Indicator Solution *6314-G120 mL *Methyl Alcohol *6319-J10 g Sodium Ascorbate 6316-D25 g *Zinc Buffer Powder *6315-G15 mL *Sodium Cyanide, 10% *6565-E30 mL *Formaldehyde Solution, 37% *5128-G1 “Diluted Zinc Indicator Solution” Bottle,

w/1 mL pipet assembly0128-MT

1 Graduated Cylinder, 10 mL, glass 04161 Spoon, 0.5 g 06982 Pipets, plain, plastic 03521 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered hazardous substances. Material SafetyData Sheets (MSDS) are supplied for these reagents. For your safety read label andaccompanying MSDS before using.

The availability of zinc in soils decreases with an increase in soil pH. Some soilsthat are limited above pH 6.0 may show a zinc deficiency especially in welldrained sandy soils. A nutrient interaction exists between soils that have a highphosphorous level and show a zinc deficiency even though zinc levels weresufficient. This interaction is due to the preferential uptake of phosphorusinstead of zinc and the possible formation of insoluble zinc phosphates. Oncezinc is applied to the soil, it is relatively immobile because it is readily absorbedby organic matter in the soil.

Zinc is essential in promoting certain enzyme reactions in the soil and isrequired for the production of chlorophyll and the formation of carbohydratesin plants.

APPLICATION: Drinking and surface waters, domestic and industrialwaste water.

RANGE: 0.00 - 15.00 ppm Zinc

METHOD: Zinc forms a blue colored complex with Zincon in asolution buffered at pH 9.0. Other heavy metals arecomplexed by cyanide and the zinc cyanide complexis released by the addition of formaldehyde before theother metal cyanide complexes are destroyed. Sodiumascorbate is added to reduce the interference ofmanganese.


SAMPLEHANDLING &PRESERVATION:

Sample should be analyzed within 6 hours aftercollection. The addition of HCl will help preserve themetal ion content, however the acid should beneutralized before analysis.

INTERFERENCES: The following ions interfere in concentrations greaterthan those listed.

ION mg/L ION mg/L

Cd(II) 1 Cr(III) 10Al (III) 5 Ni(II) 20Mn (II) 5 Cn (II) 30Fe (III) 7 Co (II) 30Fe (II) 9 CrO4(II) 50


PROCEDURE

A. PREPARATION OF DILUTE ZINC INDICATOR SOLUTION1. Use a pipet (0352) to measure exactly 5.0 mL of *Zinc Indicator Solution

(6314) into 10 mL graduated cylinder (0416). The bottom of the curvedsurface (the meniscus) of liquid should be at 5.0 mL mark. Pour this into thebottle labeled “Dilute Zinc Indicator Solution”.

2. Use unrinsed graduated cylinder to add 10.0 mL and then 7.8 mL (total of17.8 mL) of *Methyl Alcohol (6319) to bottle labeled “Dilute ZincIndicator Solution”. Cap and mix ingredients in this bottle. Do not leavethis bottle uncapped.

B. DETERMINATION OF ZINC1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.



4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 99 Zinc-LR) fromTESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 99 Zinc-LR from menu.


7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK. (See Note)

8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add one measureof Sodium Ascorbate Powder (6316). Use 0.5 g spoon (0698) to add onemeasure of *Zinc Buffer Powder (6315). Cap and shake vigorously for 1minute. Some undissolved buffer may remain in the bottom of the tube.

9. Add 3 drops of *Sodium Cyanide, 10% (6565). Cap and mix.

10. Use the 1 mL pipet assembly to add 1 mL of “Dilute Zinc IndicatorSolution”. Cap and mix.

11. Use a second plain pipet (0352) to add 4 drops of *Formaldehyde Solution,37% (5128). Cap and mix by inverting 15 times.

12. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiplyresult by 5 to determine the zinc concentration in ppm.


NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined toaccount for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. Todetermine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilledor deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the teston a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank.Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples.It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number ofreagents are obtained.


�ZINC CONCENTRATION CHART


0-0.5 ppm Low0.6-1.0 ppm Marginal1.1-2 ppm Adequate


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