Smart Policy MillerGuide

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MillerGuideSAFETY COMPLI ANCE AT HEIGHT

Smart Policy


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Introduction 3-6 Is Your Fall Protection Equipment a SILENT Hazard? FAILURE IS NOT AN OPTION!

When in Doubt, Throw it Out! Whos Responsible

General Safety at Height Considerations 7

Developing a Safety at Height Program 8-10

Fall Prevention and Protection Training 11-13

A Personal Fall Arrest System 14-35

Anchorage/Anchorage Connectors Active vs. Passive Fall Protection

Body Wear Guide to Harness Features 6 Easy Steps that Could Save Your Life/

How to Put on a Harness

Life Expectancy of Miller Brand Harnesses and Lanyards Connecting Devices

Required Fall Clearance Types of Lanyards Self-Retracting Lifelines (SRLs)

Swing Fall Hazard

Lift Applications & Horizontal UseInspection and Maintenanceof a Personal Fall Arrest System 36-39

Glossary of Terms 40-43

Safety at Height Solutions 44 Ask the Expert ... Ask Miller.

WARNINGThis document provides an overview of fall protectionproducts available from Honeywell Safety Products andcare has been taken to assure the accuracy of the data.It does not provide important product warnings andinstructions. Honeywell recommends all users of fallprotection equipment undergo thorough training, and thatall warnings and instructions provided with the products be thoroughly read and understood prior to use. Failure to readand follow all product warnings and instructions couldresult in serious injury or death.

Table of Contents


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The Smart Policy MillerGuide is designed as a quick reference to assist with helping prepare and implement an effective and safe fall protection program.

Is Your Fall Protection

Equipment a SILENT Hazard?

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Each year over 100,000 injuries and deaths are attributable towork-related falls. According to the National Safety Council, fallsare one of the leading causes of deaths in the workplace. Inaddition to permanent injuries and lost lives caused by falls,businesses lose billions of dollars each year from significantincreases in insurance premiums, workers compensation claims,product liability costs, and other related expenses. According toBoston-based Liberty Mutual, the leading private provider ofworkers compensation insurance in the United States, on-the-job injuries cost employers nearly $1 billion per week in payments to injured employees and their medical care providers.

Has Anyone Noticed?The manufacture and sales of fall protection products havesteadily grown over the past decade, however the number ofinjuries and deaths associated with falls fromheights has also increased.

Whats the Problem?Several factors havecontributed to these alarmingand disturbing statistics:

All fall protection equipmentdeteriorates with use andexposure over time,regardless of brand and/ormanufacturer.

Equipment is not inspectedoften enough for wear anddamage.

Proper training is not provided often, the wrong equipment is selected for aparticular situation, and equipment is not worn properly.

Those specifying or using fall protection equipment know these

factors to be valid (at least at some subliminal level). Yet, it isvery likely that a high percentage of equipment used on job sites throughout North America today would fail to meet safetystandards if exposed to a fall. Meaning, someone could beseriously injured or die.

MillerGuideSmart Policy


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How Do We Know?On any given day, a visit to any job site in the country will unveil fall protection

equipment being used that is potentiallydangerous because of wear, neglect,misuse or age/exposure. These areissues that the fall protection communityhas overlooked, while touting the manystandards and regulations to which their

products are tested and deemed safe. 100% did not pass visual inspection

criteria [weld splatter, webbingcuts/abrasions, broken stitching,frayed/burned webbing, chemicaldamage, discoloration, deformed

hardware (cracks/rough or sharpedges) and/or loose, distorted orbroken grommets, etc.]

6% had webbing that actually broke

6% were previously deployed, but still

in active service 42% had hardware with visible defects

9% had snap hooks that opened during testing

9% had webbing that was knotted

The safety community must recognize these facts and take aproactive approach. Workers are being seriously injured in fallswith equipment that initially passed industry safety standards.More troubling, worn and damaged equipment is still accessibleeven though it will not perform as designed in the event of a fall.

Best Intentions.Safety directors and supervisors need to make a concertedeffort to keep unsafe and potentially life-threatening equipmentout of the hands of those working at heights. Workers, throughproper training and attentive daily inspection, will be safer andinjury free. Taking equipment out of service too early is a betteralternative than explaining to a workers family that there hasbeen a serious accident ... adopt a Smart Policy when in doubt, throw it out! In addition, some manufacturers haveimplemented a return-and-inspect program for equipment.Ask your supplier for details.

Introduction


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Personal Fall Arrest System.A Personal Fall Arrest System is comprisedof three (3) key components anchorage

connector; body wear; and connectingdevice. While a lot of focus has been given to anchorage connectors and body wear(full-body harnesses), when discussingfall protection, the connecting device(a shock-absorbing lanyard or self-

retracting lifeline) between these twocomponents actually bears thegreatest fall forces during a fall.

Historically, harnesses are replaced on thejob site more often than connecting devices.The connecting device is by far the most critical

component in surviving a fall safely and should be carefullyinspected and replaced prior to use at the slightest indication ofwear or damage. While each component of a personal fall arrestsystem is vital to worker safety, the connecting device selection, materials, construction and inspection/maintenance make it the critical link in assembling a safe fall protection

system. Careful consideration and attention must be givenbefore, during and after a connecting device has been selected.

For example, once an anchorage point, such as an I-beam,has been determined capable of withstanding fall forces[5,000 lb.(22 kN) per worker], a user can easily attach theiranchorage connector. Likewise, the full-body harness offers an

inherently high safety factor, since fall forces are distributed throughout the body over many webbing components, includingchest, shoulder, waist and legs. No single component issubjected to the total fall force; however, a shock-absorbinglanyard or self-retracting lifeline is comprised of only onestrength member (i.e., webbing, rope, steel cable). Substandard

design, poor-quality workmanship, excessive exposure to UVlight or chemicals, physical damage, improper storage orinadequate inspection can lead to lanyard/lifeline failure.

Whats Needed?Proper training, maintenance and inspection

of all components of the Personal Fall ArrestSystem are crucial in creating a safe workenvironment. Even the highest qualityproducts require regular inspection,especially when safety and well-being of the user are at stake.

Full-BodyHarness

Shock-AbsorbingLanyard

AnchorageConnector


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Introduction

IS NOT AN OPTION!

WHEN IN DOUBT,THROW IT OUT!

Adopt a Smart Po

Whos Responsible ?

Regulatory agencies make it quite clear that it is the

employers responsibility to develop a fall protectionprogram that complies with mandated regulations. The mosteffective programs are those where employers work closelywith their workers to identify fall hazards and to jointlydevelop a comprehensive fall protection program that either

eliminates fall hazards or provides appropriate protectionagainst them.

It should be noted that regulatory agencies have steadilyincreased fines for noncompliance and negligence. Citationscan be avoided, however, by those employers who take an

active interest in their employees well-being by developingan appropriate fall protection program.

Compliance is important, but even more important, aproper fall protection program can eliminate or seriouslyreduce on-the-job injuries and substantially reduce

insurance costs and other related expenses.

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The following factors are key considerations to provide maximum fall protection safety and to ensure compliance with regulations and standards.

1) Warnings Always read all instructions and warningscontained on the product and packaging before using any

fall protection equipment.2) Inspection All fall protection equipment must be

inspected prior to each use.

3) Training All workers shouldbe trained by a Competent

Person in the proper use of fallprotection products.

4) Regulations Understand allFederal, State, Local and Provincialregulations pertaining to fallprotection before selecting andusing the equipment.

5) Rescue Planning Minimizing the time between a fall occurrenceand medical attention of theworker is vitally important.

A thorough rescue programshould be established prior to using fall protectionequipment.

6) Product/SystemPreferences If there areany doubts about which fallprotection products to use,contact your Miller Distributoror call Miller Technical Service at 800/873-5242.

7) System Components Only components that are fullycompatible with one another should be used. Fall arrestsystems are designed and tested as complete systems andshould be used in this way.

8) What to Do After a Fall After a fall occurs, allcomponents of the fall arrest system should be removedfrom service.

9) Call for Information If there are any questions orconcerns about your fall protection program or system,contact Miller Training at 800/873-5242.

Full-BodyHarness

Shock-AbsorbingLanyard

AnchorageConnector

Personal Fall Arrest System

7

General Safety at HeightConsiderations


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The fall protection industry has beenbombarded with regulations and standards.Understanding these requirements is key toensuring a safe work environment.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) under Title 29 of the Code of FederalRegulations (29 CFR) assures and enforcessafe and healthful working conditions forgeneral industry and construction in theUnited States. Under the Act, employers have the duty of providing their workers with aplace of employment free from recognizedsafety and health hazards. Its the law.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) are voluntary

organizations made up of manufacturers and consumers that establish product performance standards for fall protection safety. Meeting the standards indicates that products pass accepted testing procedures. The standards are not enforceable as law: however, many OSHA regulations are adopted from ANSI standards.

Application of regulatory requirements depends on the specificlocation, industry and operation of the workplace. In the event ofan inspection, the company will be assessed on how well itsoperation meets the regulatory requirements of each particularjob. Employers should obtain copies of the regulations that apply to their work activities and begin a fall protection regulations file.

Understanding Regulationsand Standards1

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20210www.osha.gov

American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI)11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036www.ansi.org

Canadian Standards Association (CSA)178 Rexdale Boulevard, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3www.csa.ca

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Developing aSafety at Height Program


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A well-conceived fall protection program begins withidentification of all fall hazards in the workplace. As ageneral rule, any time a worker is at a height greater than 4 feet (1.2 m) , a fall hazard exists according to

OSHA.Where a fall hazard exists, there are twoacceptable options: (1) eliminate the hazard, or(2) provide protection against it. Ideally, it is best to totally eliminate the hazard. Since that is often not possible,however, other measures such as the wearing of personalprotection equipment (PPE) are required.

Following hazard identification, a written programshould be developed specifying how to deal witheach hazard. If standardized safe-work practicesand operating procedures can eliminate thehazard, then such procedures should be specified. Where hazard elimination is impossible, the planshould state what fall protection measures are to beused, how they are to be used, and who is responsible for overallsupervision and training. This program need not be elaborate, butshould cover the basic elements of the plan. The program needs to

be clearly conveyed and understood by all participants.

2 2 Hazard Identification

Written Fall Protection Program3 3

Product Selection4 4 The employer must know the types of fall protection products that are available, and decide which would be most suitablefor the workplace. Because all work environments differ,it is impossible for the manufacturer to determine exactlywhich fall protection products will provide maximumprotection for each job. By understanding how fallprotection products operate and knowing thedifferences in product functions, the employer canselect products that are best suited for its workers.

All workers must be trained in the proper use of fallprotection equipment before using any fall protectionproducts. Workers must be able to identify potential

fall hazards, determine which products to use inspecific work environments, demonstrate properanchoring procedures, etc. Employees must alsolearn inspection and maintenance procedures and the proper wearing of fall protection equipment.

Training5 5


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Developing a Safety at Height Program

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Four Functional Equipment Categories

Fall Arrest As a general rule,it is recommended that a fall arrestsystem be used at working heights

of four feet or more. This system consists of: anchorage/anchorage connector body wear (full-body harness) connecting device (shock-absorbing

lanyards, self-retracting lifelines)

Suspension* Suspensionsystems are used widely in thewindow washing and painting

industries and are designed to lower andsupport a worker while allowing a hands-free work environment. A typical suspensionsystem would include: anchorage/anchorage connector

(anchor bolt, trolley, carabiner, etc.) body wear (full-body harness) connecting device (workline) suspension device (bosn chair)*The positioning and suspension systems are not designed for fall arrest,

and therefore a back-up fall arrest system must be used.

Retrieval The retrieval systemis primarily used in confined spaceapplications where workers must

enter tanks, manholes, etc. and may requireretrieval from above should an emergencyoccur. A retrieval system typically consists of: anchorage/anchorage connector

(tripod, davit) body wear (full-body harness) connecting device (retractable lifeline/retrieval unit)

Positioning/Restraint* A positioning/restraint system isused to hold a worker in place while

allowing a hands-free work environment at

elevated heights and/or restrict the workersmovement to prevent reaching a locationwhere a fall hazard exists. A typicalpositioning/restraint system consists of: anchorage/anchorage connector body wear (full-body harness or body belt)

connecting device (positioning lanyard)*The positioning and suspension systems are not designed for fall arrest,

and therefore a back-up fall arrest system must be used.


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Training is an integral part of a safety at height program. To maintain a safe and productive work environment, it is essential that employees working at heights:

RECOGNIZE FALL HAZARDS

EVALUATE THE RISK POSED BY EACH HAZARD

CONTROL THE HAZARD THROUGH PREVENTIVE OR PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Field-experienced professional instructors Live demonstrations and hands-on training Addresses site-specic variables and performance

requirements of fall prevention and protection Learn proper fall protection techniques and procedures

for working at height Gain access to online fall

protection training at

your convenience and time schedule

Receive a Certicate of Completionconrming course participation

A series of pre-scheduled Open EnrollmentTraining courses conducted annually in select cities throughout North America, with primary focus on the two-day Competent Person Training program created forfacility and site supervisors who must serve as thecompetent person required by OSHA 1926.32(f),1926.500and 1910 standards

All training courses can be held at your facility and addressyour specific safety needs

Miller Training

revention and protectionection techniques and procedures

fall

d

of Compl nrticipationuled Open E

ducted a nnua l erica, wi th primary f cu erson Training program cr or

rvisors who must ser ve as thequired by OSHA 1926.32(f),1926.500

Fall Prevention andProtection Training


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Competent Person TrainingCourses are designed to train individuals with the requiredskills for the specic course objectives. Competent Personfollows OSHA regulations.

Fall Protection Equipment InspectionDesigned for a tool crib worker that needs to inspect theequipment prior to issuing to the users, but does not have thelevel of responsibility of a competent person.

Tower Climber Training for those working on or supervising individuals who

work on towers. Wind EnergyWind Energy Competent Climber or Wind Energy BasicHeight Safety courses fulll the basic work at height trainingrequirements.

Con ned Space*Courses are offered for Conned Space Entry, Conned SpaceRescue and Conned Space Train the Trainer.

Rescue Training*Basic Fall Protection Rescue or High-Access Rescue Trainingdesigned for all personnel who work at heights.

40-ft indoor tower, indoor conned space area

and three levels of catwalks for training

Miller OpenSAFETY AT HEIGHT

*Some courses have prerequisite course training.

Fall Prevention & Protection Training


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OSHA TrainingOSHA 10-Hour Construction, OSHA 10-Hour General Industry,OSHA 30-Hour Construction and OSHA 30-Hour GeneralIndustry courses meet OSHA requirements.

Training FacilitatorsFor individuals responsible for providing fall protection training.

Hazardous MaterialHazardous Communication and Hazwoper courses forindividuals working with hazardous materials or substances in the workplace.

Scaffolding SafetyCourses are offered for Scaffolding Competent Person andScaffolding Train the Trainer.

Ladder Safety

Designed to instruct employees on the proper and safe use ofladders in the workplace.

Fall Protection OrientationCourses provide an overview of fall hazards and basic skillsrelated to proper use of fall protection equipment.

Also available online in English or Spanish.

EnrollmentTRAINING COURSES

SPANISH COURSES AVAILABLE! Online Open Enrollment On-site

On-site Training


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Three key components of the Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) must be in place and properly used to provide maximum worker protection.

Anchorage/Anchorage Connector Anchorage: Commonly referred to as a tie-off point(Ex: I-beam, rebar, scaffolding, lifeline, etc.)

Anchorage Connector: Used to join the connecting device to theanchorage (Ex: cross-arm strap, beam anchor, D-bolt, hookanchor, etc.)

Anchorages must be capable of supporting 5,000 lbs. (22 kN)

of force per worker. Must be high enough for a worker to avoid contact with

a lower level should a fall occur.

The anchorage connector should be positioned directlyoverhead to avoid a swing fall.

Body Wear Body Wear: The personal protective equipment worn by theworker (Ex: full-body harness)

Only form of body wear acceptable for fall arrest is thefull-body harness.

Should be selected based on work to be performed and the work environment.

Side and front D-rings are typically used for positioning only,however, front D-rings or web loops can also be used forladder climbing and rescue.

Connecting Device Connecting Device: The critical link which joins the body wear to the anchorage/anchorage connector (Ex: shock-absorbinglanyard, fall limiter, self-retracting lifeline, rope grab, etc.)

Required fall clearance must be calculated to determine

type of connecting device to be used typically, under18-1/2 ft.*(5.6 m) , always use a self-retracting lifeline/falllimiter; over 18-1/2 ft.(5.6 m) , use a shock-absorbing lanyard orself-retracting lifeline/fall limiter.

Should also be selected based on work to be performedand the work environment.

Shock-absorbing lanyards expand when arresting a fall;attach lanyards to the harness back D-ring only; never tie aknot in any web lanyard it reduces the strength by 50%.

*For fall clearance under 14-1/2 ft. (4.4 m) contact Miller Technical Service 800-873-5242.14

A PersonalFall Arrest System


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Individually, these components will not provide protection from a fall. However, when used properly and in conjunction with each other, they form a Personal Fall Arrest System that becomes vitally important to safety on the job site.

Below are examples of two differentconfigurations of a Personal Fall

Arrest System .

A

B

Anchorage/ Anchorage Connector (beam anchor)

Body Wear (full-body harness)

C Connecting Device (self-retracting lifeline)

A B Anchorage/

Anchorage Connector (cross-arm strap)

Body Wear (full-body harness)

C Connecting Device (shock-absorbing lanyard)

Example 2.

Example 1.

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Anchorage Connectors are designed as the intermediary for securing a connecting device to an anchorage. Careful consideration should be given to selecting a proper anchorage for ultimate safety. The anchorage should be easily accessible,located a safe distance above any lower obstacles and support 5,000 lbs. (22 kN) per worker.

The Importance of AnchoragesCarefully planned and selected anchorages are crucial factorsin worker protection and safety. Should a fall occur, the workerwill be suspended from the selected anchorage, their lifedepending on its strength.

In addition to defining an anchorage, it is also important to makea distinction between the anchorage itself and an anchorageconnector. An anchorage, for example, could be an I-beam, whilea cross-arm strap, or choker, wrapped around this beam andpermitting attachment is the anchorage connector.

Anchorage/ Anchorage Connectors

PERMANENT ANCHORAGE CONNECTORS

TEMPORARY ANCHORAGE CONNECTORS

A Personal Fall Arrest System


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LEADING EDGE ANCHORAGE CONNECTOR

BEAM ANCHORAGES

TEMPORARY HORIZONTAL LIFELINE SYSTEMS


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Active Fall Protection Systems

If perimeter platforms cannot be used, active systems can beinstalled, requiring the workers to don harnesses and connect toan overhead system. Active fall protection system optionsconsist of fixed-point anchors, horizontal lifelines andconventional beam and trolley systems each attached to theexisting overhead structure.

According to OSHA, fall protection systems must be capable ofsupporting at least 5,000 lbs. (22 kN) per employee attached or bepart of a complete system designed by a qualified person thatmaintains a safety factor of at least two. Thus, any active fallprotection system should be designed by a qualified andexperienced person and should include an analysis of the

supporting structure.Passive Fall Protection SystemsIn consideration of OSHAs Hierarchy of Fall ProtectionControls, and given that the fall hazard cannot be engineeredout, the best option is to utilize a passive fall protection system.Passive systems do not require special equipment or activeparticipation from the worker. In this case, a passive system,such as catch platforms, could be installed around theperimeter of the work area.

Active vs. Passive Fall Protection

Whether work is performed indoors or outdoors, gravity is aconstant you must still contend with. There are severalrecommendations that will safeguard without compromisingproductivity.

Anchorage/Anchorage Connectors continued



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The platforms should be of adequate width, and should includean exterior handrail to catch a worker. This type of system couldalso serve as an excellent work platform.

Fixed Point Anchors (FPAs)

The easiest active system to integrate may be the installation ofa series of FPAs over the work area. Each FPA would consist ofa certified anchor point to the existing overhead structure fromwhich a shock-absorbing lanyard or self-retracting lifeline (SRL)is supported. Workers would work centrally under each FPAwithin an approximately 15-degree range. They would transition to adjacent FPAs as their work progressed, maintaining100 percent connectivity. If a limited number of workers aremaking frequent transitions to adjacent FPAs, this system mayhinder productivity. In addition, FPAs require significantstructural anchoring. Therefore, a mobile anchorage pointshould be considered.

Mobile Anchorage PointsHorizontal lifelines (HLLs) and conventional beam and trolleymonorail systems attached to the overhead structure offerprotection while working uninterrupted. Either system can be

designed for multiple workers. Both systems should be equippedwith SRLs and be located centrally over the work area to avoidswing falls. Parallel systems should be considered for multipleworkers.

There are simple engineered HLL systems that are available ina kit, but they are generally limited to single-span applications.There are more sophisticated HLLs that incorporate apass-through feature whereby a proprietary shuttle canautomatically pass through intermediate lifeline support points.As a result, the system can be multi-span and reduce HLLdeflection and costs. HLLs should include a tension-indicatingmechanism to properly tune the system for reliable performance.

Also, HLLs may require an in-line shock absorber to reduce theforces to the supporting structure.

In general, HLLs are the economic alternative to the higherpriced beam and trolley systems. However, some structurescannot easily support the high-end anchor forces thataccompany HLLs, so beam and trolley systems can beadvantageous while deflecting negligibly and providing theultimate in smooth-running performance.

Finally, all workers exposed to falls should be trained by acompetent person to recognize fall hazards and to be familiarwith available control methods and equipment.


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Since everything from harnessconstruction to harness components canbe compared and contrasted, selecting the proper harness to protect yourworkers can be a confusing process.To help you make an informed decision,here are some tips from safety directors

and product managers on questions toask before you invest in equipment.

Harness Selection

How Safe is a Full-Body Harness?

Surprisingly, some brands of harnesses do not meet basic safetystandards. Before purchasing fall protection products, requestwritten proof from the manufacturers for the following items:

Q:Are the products manufactured in an ISO 9001 facility?

A: ISO 9001 certification proves a facility meets strictinternational standards and represents consistency in themanufacturing process.

Quality-conscious manufacturers strive to produce reliableproducts demand the best.

Q:Do the products meet ANSI standards?

A:Product labeling is not enough. Not all ANSI-labeled harnessesmeet ANSI Z359 and ANSI A10.32. If products are tested and pass the standards, a manufacturer will not hesitate in supplying the test results/documentation. Remember, ANSI Standards are notregulated but self-policed. Insist on written proof.

Q:Does the fall protection manufacturer have a Statistical

Process Control (SPC) program?A:Fall protection products are only as good as the quality of theraw materials/components. Expect the best.

Q:Does the manufacturer utilize independent, third-party testing?

A: Reputable manufacturers utilize the services of otherindependent test labs that provide written test results/certification. Ask for written proof of certification.

Q:Does the manufacturer have qualified engineers designing/ testing products in an in-house testing facility?

A:Ask for documented results for dynamic drop tests and static

load tests.Without testing facilities, how can a manufacturer validatelabeling that implies that products meet industry-acceptedstandards?

Body Wear



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Harness Features

A full-body harness includes

hardware, webbing and pads withspecific functions.

Hardware must be sturdy, but notoversized and awkward. At the same time, the hardware should easily attach to connecting devices. For example, the

back D-rings on some harnesses are sosmall that hooking a lanyard can be a tricky process. Incompatible hardwarecan also lead to involuntarydisconnection of components, known asroll-out or burst-out. Harness hardware must also be smooth

because it can pose a hazard if it has sharp edges that cut intoharness webbing or dig into the skin in the event of a fall.

Hardware construction is an important feature specifically infriction buckles. If friction buckles are not spring-loaded, theycan easily begin to loosen once the harness has been adjusted to fit properly. Also, be aware of hardware with exposed springs,

especially on friction buckles. These can easily be disabled ordislocated.

Webbing varies drastically from brand tobrand. Look for sturdy webbing with tightly-woven yarn that slides throughhardware without snagging. Oncewebbing is cut, burned, frayed, etc., the harness must be taken outof service.

When choosing webbing, keep inmind that it should meet the ANSIstandard of 5,000 lbs. (22 kN) tensilestrength. Stitching should haveenough strength that it does notrip away during a fall, and thewebbing should endure traditional abrasion testswithout fraying and puckering.

Since webbing will be used in sun, heat and moisture overextended periods of time, it should resist natural weather effects.Similarly, in a harsh chemical environment, webbing must resist toxic chemical fumes and splashes.

Padding should be pliable and easy to adjust to ensure acomfortable fit. Like webbing, padding must withstand harshweather and maintain its shape. Some padding can becomebrittle in cold weather, so look for padding with breathable fabricand durable construction.


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INCORRECT HARNESS FIT INCORRECT HARNESS FIT CORRECT HARNESS FIT

Chest straps should be easy to adjust, but must withstand fallforces without tearing or breaking during a fall. If a chest strap isnot fastened properly, it can slide up around a workers neckafter a fall.

To provide easy and proper chest strap

adjustment, fall protection manufacturersuse a variety of connecting devices. Metalchest hardware is the preferred choicefor greater safety, consistently meeting4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) of pull force when tested.

Appropriate harness sizing influences compliance, as well.Some manufacturers rely only on universal sizing with harnesses that fit almost everyone, however, this design doesnt offer acomfortable fit for all workers.

To accommodate all employee shapes and sizes, somemanufacturers offer more than 30 styles and designs developedspecifically to meet the needs of todays workers.

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Critical Components, Critical Fit

While safety directors agree a comfortable fit is crucial tocompliance, some workers lose sight of how important it is tofollow directions when it comes to ensuring a snug fit with chest,back D-ring and leg straps.

Placement and connection of the chest strap and back D-ring critically affect harness fit and safety. It is vitally important thatchest straps are positioned in the mid-chest area, and backD-rings located in the middle of the back between the shoulderblades. Both must be tightened for a snug fit.

Body Wear continued

Chest strap positionedincorrectly. Should belocated at mid-chest tokeep shoulder strapssnug. Leg straps aretoo loose.

Chest strap positionedtoo high and too loose.Leg straps arepositioned improperly.

Chest and leg strapsoffer a snug fit.

CORRECT HARNESS FIT

Back D-ringpositioned properly.



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Clear Instructions Encourage SafeHarness Use

It sounds too simple to address, but clear, easy-to-readinstructions should accompany every harness. Ideally,instructions should be available in more than one language withEnglish, French and Spanish versions as the most common.All instructions should include explicit guidelines for usage,maintenance and inspection.

It All Adds Up to Safety

Finally, when purchasing a harness, make sure you are buying the correct harness for the appropriate application. Remember,employees will more readily and properly wear a comfortableharness that easily adapts to lanyards and other connecting

devices. The better the harness, the better your companyschances of employee compliance, and that increases safetyand reduces liability risk. Most importantly, it saves lives.

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Sliding Back D-RingSliding back D-ring withinjection-molded, flexibleSantoprene D-ring pad.Comfort-touch back D-ringpad (inset) provides addedcomfort.

Standard Features

Pull-Free LanyardRingsAllow user to attachlanyard when not in use.Minimizes hazardsassociated with thelanyard hanging freely.

Front D-RingUsed for a variety ofclimbing, confined spaceand rescue applications.

Side D-RingsMost commonly used forwork positioning.

Shoulder D-RingsPrimarily used for liftingand lowering individuals,such as in confined spaceand rescue applications.

Relief Step Safety DeviceSmall and lightweight; the Relief Step SafetyDevice attaches to anybrand full-body harness.

Friction Buckle

To adjust the frictionbuckle, simply pass thewebbing over the knurledbar and back downbetween the knurled barand frame. Pull web end to tighten.

Mating Buckle

To connect the matingbuckle, push the centerbar buckle completely through the square linkand allow it to fall intoplace. Pull web end to tighten.

Quick-Connect BuckleQuick-Connect Buckles for

chest and leg straps interlocksimilar to a seat belt for easydonning and feature a dual-tabrelease mechanism to preventaccidental opening.

Tongue Buckle

The tongue buckle workssimilar to a belt buckle.Insert the loose strap ofwebbing through the tongue buckle placing thebuckle tongue through theappropriate grommet hole.Push remaining webbing through the keeper.

Adjustment Buckle Types

D-Ring Options

GUIDE TO HARNESS FEATURES

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Body Wear continued



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Hold harness by backD-ring. Shake harness to allow all straps tofall in place.

If chest, leg and/or waiststraps are buckled, releasestraps and unbuckle at this time.

Slip straps over shoulders so

D-ring is located inmiddle of back betweenshoulder blades.

Pull leg strap between legs

and connect to opposite end.Repeat with second leg strap.If belted harness, connectwaist strap after leg straps.

Connect chest strapand position inmidchest area.Tighten to keepshoulder straps taut.

After all straps have beenbuckled, tighten all bucklesso that harness fits snugbut allows full range ofmovement. Pass excess

strap through loop keepers.

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3 4

5 6SNUG F IT

6 Easy Steps that Could Save Your Life

HOW TO PUT ON A HARNESS


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It is the position of Honeywell SafetyProducts to use a five-year lifeexpectancy from date of first use on allharnesses and lanyards. Honeywellprovides this recommendation as ageneral guideline, and is not to be used inlieu of the inspection and maintenancecriteria outlined in the instructions thataccompany each unit. This guideline onlyapplies to product exhibiting no visual damageand that has not been exposed to chemicals,abnormal heat, or excessive ultraviolet light. It ispossible that the equipment will last longerdepending on the care and use the equipment may see.

Each harness and lanyard shipped by Honeywell isaccompanied by specific instructions for use, inspection, andcleaning that must be understood and followed. Honeywellrequires each harness and lanyard be visually inspectedprior to use and regularlyinspected by a CompetentPerson, such as defined byOSHA (Occupational Safety &Health Administration). When not inuse, products should be stored at room temperature away from chemicals, moisture andultraviolet light.

Following these instructions may still necessitate removing the harness or lanyard from service prior to the expiration of the five-year life expectancy guideline. Likewise, proper

adherence to the inspection and maintenance criteria mayextend the useful life beyond five years. Ultimately, it is theresponsibility of the end-user to determine when a harnessor lanyard is unfit for use and should be removed fromservice. Products removed from service should be disposed

of in a manner that prevents inadvertent further use.

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Life Expectancy of Miller BrandHarnesses and Lanyards


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The Critical Link in Fall ProtectionMuch fall protection coverage has been given to harnesses andanchorage points, but the critical connection between these two connecting devices merits careful consideration.

The lanyard is a connecting device, a flexibleline to secure a full-body harness or body

belt, where permitted, to a point ofanchorage. There are two basiccategories of lanyards: non-shock-absorbing and shock-absorbing. The morecommon and safer type is the shock-absorbing lanyard, which comprises themajority of all lanyards sold today. Non-shock-absorbing lanyards should neverbe used for fall arrest.

Shock-absorbing lanyards provide decelerationdistance during a fall, significantly reducing fall arresting forcesby 65 to 80 percent, below the threshold of injury, as specified by

the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) andrecommended by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI). The most reliable design includes a special shock-absorbing inner core material surrounded by a heavy-duty tubular outer jacket that doubles as a back-up web lanyard. Inaccordance with OSHA regulations, all lanyards made today are

required to have double-action, self-closing, self-locking snaphooks to reduce the possibility of unintentional disengagement,or roll-out.

Shock absorber packs also are commonlyavailable which can be attached or, in some

cases, built-in to non-shock-absorbing

lanyards to provide shock-absorbingcapability. Should a fall occur, an innercore smoothly expands to reduce fallarrest forces. Some models feature aback-up safety strap inside the pack forgreater security.

Self-retracting lifelines (or SRLs, falllimiters, personal fall limiters, yo-yos,

seatbelts, blocks, etc.) are viable alternativeconnecting devices to shock-absorbing lanyards.

While traditional six-foot shock-absorbing lanyards allow for up to 6 ft. (1.8 m) of free-fall distance prior to activating, self-

retracting lifelines require less than two feet to arrest free falls.With the shorter activation distance and shorter overall arrestingdistance, self-retracting lifelines reduce the risk of hitting theground or any obstructions at a lower level. In addition, theyallow for easier rescue in the event of a fall.

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Connecting Devices



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Also, self-retracting lifelines allow for greater horizontal andvertical mobility than standard six-foot shock-absorbing lanyards.Self-retracting lifelines are available with working capacities

ranging from 6 ft. (1.8 m) to 175 ft. (53 m) .Whether using shock-absorbing lanyards or self-retractinglifelines, it is very important to position your anchorage pointdirectly overhead whenever possible. If an anchorage point isnot positioned directly overhead, and the worker is involved in afall, a swing fall or pendulum effect will occur while using ashock-absorbing lanyard or self-retracting lifeline.

No single component is subjected to the total fall force; however,connecting devices are comprised of only one strength member(i.e., webbing, rope, steel cable). Substandard design, poor-quality workmanship, excessive exposure to UV light orchemicals, physical damage, improper storage or inadequateinspection can lead to connecting device failure. Theconsequences can be severe, and may include worker injuryor fatality, lawsuits, higher insurance and workerscompensation premiums and lost time from the job.

Know the RegulationsOSHA 29 CFR subpart M states:

When stopping a fall, a personal fall arrest system must:

Limit maximum fall arresting force on an employee to1,800 pounds (8 kN) when used with a full-body harness;

Limit free fall distance to less than 6 feet (1.8 m) , and be riggedin such a way as to prevent contact with a lower level;

Bring the employee to a complete stop while limiting maximumdeceleration distance to 3-1/2 feet (1.1 m) ; and

Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potentialenergy of a worker free falling from a distance of 6 feet (1.8 m)

(or the free fall distance permitted by the system, whicheveris less).

While these regulations apply primarily to constructionactivities, many other industries follow these guidelines forgreater job site safety.

Selection Considerations

To select the appropriate connecting device for a specificapplication, consider the following factors:

The type of work being performed and the specific conditionsof the work environment, including the presence of moisture,

dirt, oil, grease, acids and electrical hazards, as well as theambient temperature. For example, steel cable connectingdevices are particularly strong, heat resistant and durable;however, they are not suitable for use around high-voltagesources because they readily conduct electricity.


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Miller Splat IndicatorFor a quick and easy alternative tocalculating your fall distance, use theMiller Splat Indicator.

Similar to a plumb bob, simply attach the device to an anchorage or to thelanyard at the anchoring snap hookand lower the weight using the attached string.

Potential fall distance. This distance is greater than mostpeople think, consider: the length of the connecting device, thelength of elongation during deceleration, the height of theworker, plus a safety factor.

The compatibility of system components. A personal fall arrestsystem should be designed and tested as a complete system.Components produced by different manufacturers may not beinterchangeable or compatible, causing roll-out.

Selection criteria also should include a scrutiny of productquality. For example, OSHA regulations call for limiting fallforces on an individual wearing a full-body harness to1,800 pounds (8 kN) . Most reputable lanyard manufacturers statemaximum arrest force on the label of the lanyard. While OSHAregulations are the law and are enforced by a federal agency,ANSI standards are self-enforced by individual manufacturers there is no enforcement body, and no inspectors. Hence, the buyer cannot take stated performance per ANSI guidelinesfor granted.

Connecting Devices continued

Required Fall Clearance



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PACK TYPE

SofStop

Shock Absorber PackDesigned with a specially-woven innercore that smoothly expands to reduce fallarrest forces and includes a heavy-dutyback-up safety strap.

TUBULAR

Manyard Built-in Shock AbsorberDesigned with a specially-woven innercore that smoothly expands to reduce fallarrest forces.

TIE-BACK BackBiter Tie-Back LanyardAll-in-one lanyard withSofStop Shock Absorber andcross-arm anchorage connector.Snap hook has a 5,000 lb. (22 kN) gateload capacity from any angle.

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Types of Lanyards

Manyard Shock-Absorbing Lanyard Lanyard w/SofStop Shock Absorber

6 ft. (1.8 m)

DEPLOYEDLANYARD

6 ft. (1.8 m)

UNDEPLOYEDLANYARD

DEPLOYEDLANYARD

Uniquewarningflagindicateslanyardactivated

Innercoresmoothlyexpands to reducefall arrestforces

Heavy-dutyback-upstrap

Inner coresmoothlyexpands to reducefall arrestforces

Before and After Deployment

UNDEPLOYEDLANYARD


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Types of Lanyards continued

DOUBLE-LEGGED, SHOCK-ABSORBING LANYARD

Double-legged lanyards are usedfor 100% tie-off safety. It isimportant, however, to understand the safe and proper use of adouble-legged lanyard when oneleg is not being used.

If one leg of a double-leggedlanyard (with a shock absorber pack OR tubular-style shockabsorber) is not being used, the unused leg should not beattached to any permanent fixture on a harness, such as sideD-rings. This will inhibit proper operation of the shockabsorber design.

Lanyard with a Shock Absorber Pack

When using a double-legged lanyard with a shock absorber packand electing not to use one leg of the lanyard, connect theunused leg to a harness with a pull-free lanyard ring. The ringwill easily disengage in the event of a fall and the shock absorber

pack will function properly and arrest the fall. All Miller

brandharnesses include a pull-free lanyard ring designed for storing alanyard or extra lanyard leg when not in use.

Tubular Shock-Absorbing Lanyards

Each leg of a double-legged tubular shock-absorbing lanyardcontains a built-in shock absorber that works independently of the other. Storing the unused leg of a double-legged, tubularshock-absorbing lanyard to the pull-free lanyard ring on aharness has no effect on maximum fall arrest forces. During afall, the lanyard leg attached to the anchorage connector willdeploy as designed, while the lanyard leg attached to the pull-

free lanyard ring will remain secured to the ring, unaffected.Tubular shock-absorbing lanyards take into account foreseeablemisuse. If a user unintentionally attaches the unused leg of adouble-legged tubular shock-absorbing lanyard to their sideD-ring or another permanent fixture on the harness, the unusedleg will not have an effect on peak arrest forces.

Self-Retracting Lifelines (SRLs)

Self-retracting lifelines (SRLs) (fall limiter, personal fall limiter,yo-yo, seatbelt, etc.) are viable alternative connecting devices toshock-absorbing lanyards. While traditional 6 ft. (1.8 m) shock-absorbing lanyards allow for up to 6 ft. (1.8 m) of free-fall distanceprior to activating, self-retracting lifelines require less than 2 ft.(609 mm) to arrest free falls. With shorter activation distance and



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Swing Fall Hazard(Shock-Absorbing Lanyards or Self-Retracting Lifelines)

If involved in a fall while using a shock-absorbing lanyard orself-retracting lifeline, and with an anchorage point that is

not positioned directly overhead, a swing fall or pendulumeffect will occur. Striking an object while swinging can lead to serious injury. Since self-retracting lifelines allow forgreater horizontal and vertical mobility than standard six-foot shock-absorbing lanyards, extra care should be taken to reduce swing falls.

Whether using shock-absorbing lanyards or self-retractinglifelines, it is very important to position your anchorage pointdirectly overhead whenever possible to minimize swing falls.

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SELF-RETRACTING LIFELINES (SRLs)

Durable and dependable heavy-duty

retractables available with webbing orcable.

FALL LIMITERS

Lightweight, web retractables thatrequire less fall clearance, offer greatermobility and prevent tripping hazards.

shorter overall arresting distance, self-retracting lifelines reduce the risk of hitting the ground or any obstructions at a lower level.In addition, they allow for easier rescue in the event of a fall.

Available with working capacities ranging from 6 ft. (1.8 m) to175 ft.(53 m) , self-retracting lifelines should always be used whenfall clearance is less than 18-1/2 ft.* (5.6 m) .

*For fall clearance under 14-1/2 ft. (4.4 m) contact Miller Technical Service 800-873-5242.

PERSONAL FALL LIMITERS Offers versatility through dual operation byeither attaching directly to the harness backD-ring for use as a personal fall limiter, or canbe used as a traditional retractable lifeline.


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It is always recommended tomount self-retracting lifelines toa suitable overhead anchoragewhenever possible. However,fall protection in lift applicationswithout an overhead anchorage

requires special provisions. Thesupport structure of the lift mustmeet the following criteria:

Both the oor-level anchorageand the guardrails must becapable of supportingat least 5,000 lbs. (22 kN) peremployee attached or as partof a complete personal fall arrestsystem which maintains a safetyfactor of at least two; under the supervisionof a qualied person.

The guardrails are at a height that eliminates thepossibility of a free fall in the system (see OSHAStandards for construction: 1926.502(b)(1) and generalindustry: 1910.23(e)(1)).

The diameter of the guardrail must be a minimum of

1 inch (25.4 mm) . All edges that may come into contact with the lifeline during

use must be smooth or rounded or chamfered (free of burrsand sharp edges) to prohibit damage to the lifeline andenable the unit to arrest a fall effectively.

The support structure must surround the user in the directionof all possible falls.

The lift itself must be designed properly to prevent toppling in the event of a fall (consult with the lift manufacturer).

Self-retracting lifelines or fall limiters can be attached at or

below the back D-ring of the users harness in lift applicationsunder the direction of a qualied person. Since these units arenot mounted overhead in this application, the maximum fallarrest forces may exceed the maximum arresting force listedon the product labels; however, the forces should not exceed1800 lb.(8 kN) .

Using Self-Retracting Lifelines orFall Limiters in Lift Applications



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The following should be consideredwhen assessing your application:

The proper amount of fall clearanceis calculated from top of guardrailusing self-retracting lifeline guidelinesprovided in this instruction manual.

Ensure no swing-fall hazard exists.

Lifeline contact with sharp edgesmust be avoided.

Preventive measures must be taken toensure the self-retracting lifeline doesnot become pinched between twosurfaces as this may causeexcessive lifeline wear and weakness.

Contact Miller Technical Services at 800-873-5242 for additional assistance when evaluating lift applications.

Using Self-Retracting Lifelines orFall Limiters for Horizontal UseIn the absence of an overhead anchorage, mounting aself-retracting lifeline for horizontal use may be necessary.For horizontal applications where the lifeline of the

retractable has the potential to travel over the edge of a atsurface, manufacturers recommend the use of a shockabsorber between the workers harness back D-ring and theself-retracting lifeline snap hook. This will help protect thelifeline and reduce the impact forces in the event of a fall.

When installing a self-retracting lifeline for horizontal use,special considerations and warnings apply. Contact Miller Technical Services at 800-873-5242 before proceeding.


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To maintain proper service life and high performance, fall protection products anchorage connectors, body wear and connecting devices must be inspected regularly!

Harness (and Body Belt) Inspection

To inspect your harness or body belt, perform the followingprocedures.

1) Webbing Grasp the webbingwith your hands 6 inches (152 mm) to8 inches (203 mm) apart. Bend the webbingin an inverted U as shown. The surface tension resulting makes damaged fibersor cuts easier to detect. Follow thisprocedure the entire length of thewebbing, inspecting both sides of eachstrap. Look for frayed edges, brokenfibers, pulled stitches, cuts, burns andchemical damage.

2) D-Rings/Back Pads Check D-rings for distortion, cracks,breaks, and rough or sharp edges. TheD-ring should pivot freely. D-ring backpads should also be inspected for damage.

3) Attachment of Buckles Inspect for any unusual wear, frayedor cut fibers, or broken stitching of thebuckle or D-ring attachments.

4) Tongue/Grommets The tongue receives heavy wear fromrepeated buckling and unbuckling. Inspectfor loose, distorted or broken grommets.Webbing should not have additionalpunched holes.

5) Tongue Buckles Buckle tonguesshould be free of distortion in shape andmotion. They should overlap the buckleframe and move freely back and forth in their socket. Roller should turn freely onframe. Check for distortion or sharp edges.

2 2

3 3

4 4

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11

Inspection and Maintenance ofa Personal Fall Arrest System


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1) Hardware a. Snaps: Inspect closely for hook and

eye distortions, cracks, corrosion, orpitted surfaces. The keeper (latch)should seat into the nose withoutbinding and should not be distorted orobstructed. The keeper spring shouldexert sufficient force to firmly close the

keeper. Keeper locks must prevent thekeeper from opening when thekeeper closes.

b. Thimbles: The thimble must be firmlyseated in the eye of the splice, and thesplice should have no loose or cutstrands. The edges of the thimblemust be free of sharp edges, distortion,or cracks.

2) Wire Rope Lanyard Whilerotating the wire rope lanyard, watch forcuts, frayed areas, or unusual wearingpatterns on the wire. Broken strands willseparate from the body of the lanyard.

3) Web Lanyard While bendingwebbing over a pipe or mandrel, observeeach side of the webbed lanyard. Thiswill reveal any cuts or breaks. Swelling,discoloration, cracks and charring areobvious signs of chemical or heat damage.Observe closely for any breaks in stitching.

66

6) Friction and Mating Buckles Inspect the buckle for distortion. Theouter bars and center bars must be

straight. Pay special attention to cornersand attachment points at the center bar.

7 7

7) Quick-Connect Buckles Inspect the buckle for distortion. The outerbars and center bars must be straight.

Make sure dual-tab release mechanism isfree of debris and engages properly.

Lanyard InspectionWhen inspecting lanyards, begin at one end and work to the opposite end, slowly rotating the lanyard so that theentire circumference is checked. Additionally, follow theprocedures below.

1a1a

1b1b

2 2

3 3

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4 4

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4) Rope Lanyard Rotate the rope

lanyard while inspecting from end-to-endfor any fuzzy, worn, broken or cut fibers.Weakened areas from extreme loads willappear as a noticeable change in originaldiameter. The rope diameter should beuniform throughout, following a shortbreak-in period.

5) Shock Absorber Pack The outer portion of the pack should beexamined for burn holes and tears.Stitching on areas where the pack issewn to D-rings, belts or lanyardsshould be examined for loose strands,rips and deterioration.

6) Shock-Absorbing Lanyard Shock-absorbing lanyards should beexamined as a web lanyard (described initem 3 above). However, also look for thewarning flag or signs of deployment. If the flag has been activated, remove thisshock-absorbing lanyard from service.

11

2 2

38

1) Check Housing Before everyuse, inspect the units housing for loosefasteners and bent, cracked, distorted,worn, malfunctioning or damaged parts.

2) Lifeline Test the lifelineretraction and tension by pulling outseveral feet of the lifeline and allow it to retract back into the unit. Alwaysmaintain a light tension on the lifeline as

it retracts. The lifeline should pull outfreely and retract all the way back into the unit. Do not use the unit if the lifelinedoes not retract.

The lifeline must be checked regularly forsigns of damage. Inspect for cuts, burns,corrosion, kinks, frays or worn areas.Inspect any sewing (web lifelines) forloose, broken or damaged stitching.

Self-Retracting Lifeline Inspection

Lanyard Inspection continued

Inspection and Maintenance


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CleaningBasic care of all safety equipment will prolong the durable lifeof the unit and will contribute toward the performance of its vitalsafety function. Proper storage and maintenance after use areas important as cleansing the equipment of dirt, corrosives orcontaminants. Storage areas should be clean, dry and free ofexposure to fumes or corrosive elements.

1) Nylon or Polyester Remove all surface dirtwith a sponge dampened in plain water. Squeeze thesponge dry. Dip the sponge in a mild solution of water andcommercial soap or detergent. Work up a thick lather witha vigorous back and forth motion; then wipe with a clean cloth.Hang freely to dry, but away from excessive heat.

2) Housing Periodically clean the unit using a damp clothand mild detergent. Towel dry.

3) Drying Equipment should dry thoroughly without closeexposure to heat, steam or long periods of sunlight.

3) Braking Mechanism Thebraking mechanism must be tested bygrasping the lifeline above the impact

indicator and applying a sharp steady pulldownward which will engage the brakes.There should be no slippage of thelifeline while the brakes are engaged,once tension is released, the brakes willdisengage and the unit will return to theretractable mode. Do not use the unit if the brakes do not engage.

Check the hardware as directed in 1a onpage 37. The snap hook load indicator islocated in the swivel of the snap hook.The swivel eye will elongate and expose

a red area when subjected to fallarresting forces. Do not use the unit if theload impact indicator has been activated.

3 3

39


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Anchorage a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyardsor deceleration devices.

Anchorage Connector used to join the connecting device(lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device) to the anchorage.

Arresting Force the force transmitted to the body when

a fall is arrested. Also known as Fall Arrest Force.Body Belt a waist strap for attaching to a lanyard, lifelineor deceleration device. Used for positioning and/or restraint. Alsoknown as a Safety Belt.

Body Harness a design of straps which is secured abouta person in a manner to distribute fall arresting forces overat least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders, withprovisions for attaching it to other components of a personalfall arrest system. Also known as a Full-Body Harness.

Body Wear the personal protective equipment worn by aworker, such as a body belt or body harness.

Buckle an integral connector used to attach straps or webbingsegments together or to themselves.

Cam Buckle an integral connector whereby the shoulder strapscan be easily adjusted simultaneously with one hand. Promotesproper snug fit; will not slip or misadjust.

Friction Buckle an integral connector whereby the webbingpasses over the knurled bar and back down between the knurledbar and frame to adjust and tighten webbing straps.

Mating Buckle an integral connector whereby a center bar ispushed through a square link. Webbing is then tightened forproper fit.

Quick-Connect Buckle for leg and chest harness straps thatinterlock similar to a seat belt for easy use and features adual-tab release mechanism to prevent accidental opening.

Tongue Buckle an integral connector similar to a standard beltbuckle whereby a webbing strap is inserted through the buckleplacing the buckle tongue through the appropriate grommet hole.

Also known as a Grommet Buckle.Competent Person one who is capable of identifying existingand predictable hazards in the surroundings or workingconditions which are hazardous, or dangerous to employees,and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures toeliminate them.

Connecting Device the critical link which joins the bodywear to the anchorage/anchorage connector, such as shock-absorbing lanyard, fall limiter, self-retracting lifeline, ropegrab, etc.

Glossary of Terms


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Connector a mechanism or device used to join togethercomponents of a personal fall arrest system or parts of acomponent within the system. See also Hardware.

D-Ring an integral component or provision commonly found onbody wear and some anchorage connectors which allows forattaching a connecting device (lanyard, lifeline, or decelerationdevice).

Deceleration Device any mechanism which serves to dissipateenergy during a fall arrest, limiting the forces imposed on a

person.Deceleration Distance the additional vertical distance a fallingperson travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free falldistance, before stopping, from the point at which thedeceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as thedistance between the location of a persons body harness

attachment point at the moment of activation (onset of fall arrestforces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the locationof that attachment point after the person comes to a full stop.

DualTech Webbing Two-sided, contrasting color webbing and textures to make donning easier. Engineered with shape-retention memory for a more comfortable fit.

ErgoArmor a semi-flexible back shield that minimizes impactfrom sharp/heavy snap hooks and self-retracting lifelines.

Fall Indicator a safety device or warning flag which serves tolet a user know that a shock-absorbing lanyard, harness or self-retracting lifeline has been involved in a fall and should be

removed from service.Fall Limiter a self-retracting lifeline/lanyard with a quick-activating braking system that limits a free fall. Refer to Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard. (Ex.: Miller Scorpion and MillerTurboLite )

Free Fall the act of falling before the personal fall arrest systembegins to arrest the fall.

Free Fall Distance the vertical distance a person falls before the fall arrest system begins to arrest the fall.

Full-Body Harness (See Body Harness.)

Hardware buckles, D-rings, snap hooks and associatedconnectors which are used to attach components of a personalfall arrest system or parts of a component within the system.

Lanyard a flexible line of rope, wire rope/cable, or webbingwhich generally has a connector at each end for securing abody belt or body harness to a lifeline, deceleration device oranchorage.

Lanyard Ring a component of a body harness that allows theuser to attach a lanyard when not in use so that it is nothanging freely.

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Lifeline a line provided for direct or indirect attachment to abody belt, body harness, lanyard, or deceleration device. Suchlifelines may be horizontal or vertical in application.Lower Level an area or surface to which a person can fall.

Maximum Arrest Force the peak force on the body duringarrest of a fall by the fall arrest system. Also known as Peak FallArrest Force.

Maximum Elongation the maximum distance a shock absorberwill deploy to arrest a fall.

Orthostatic Intolerance Refer to Suspension Trauma.

Personal Fall Arrest System an arrangement of components that together will arrest a person in a fall from a working level. It

typically consists of an anchorage, connecting device and bodyharness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifelineor a combination of these.

Personal Fall Limiter (PFL) a self-retracting lanyard with aquick-activating braking system that limits a free fall. In addition,a PFL offers versatility through dual operation by either attaching

directly to the harness back D-ring for use as a personal falllimiter, or can be used as a traditional retractable lifeline.(Ex.: Miller Scorpion and Miller TurboLite )

PivotLink Connection The integral point on a MillerRevolution Harness that separates the top and bottomallowing for a more comfortable fit when bending and twisting.

It is also the connection point for a tool belt, water bottle or toolstorage pouches.

Required Fall Clearance the maximum vertical distancebetween the full-body harness attachment point and the lowestextremity of the body before and after the fall is arrestedincluding lanyard extension and/or deceleration distance.

Retractable Lifeline See Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard.

Roll-out a process by which a snap hook, carabiner or similardevice unintentionally disengages from another component towhich it is attached.

Rope Grab a deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and

automatically engages the lifeline and locks to arrest a fall.Trailing Rope Grab a rope grab which moves freely upand down the lifeline with hands-free operation.

Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard a deceleration devicecontaining a drum-wound line which can be slowly extracted

from or retracted onto the drum under slight tension duringnormal worker movement, and which, after onset of a fall,automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall. Refer to FallLimiter. (Ex.: Miller MightyLite , Falcon and Black Rhino Self-Retracting Lifelines.)

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Continued

Glossary of Terms


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Shock Absorber a component of a personal fall arrestsystem which allows dissipation of energy by extendingdeceleration distance reducing fall arrest forces.

Shock-Absorbing Lanyard specially-designed lanyard that elongates during a fall to significantly reduce fallarresting forces.

Snap Hook a connector with a hook-shaped member, keeper,latch or other similar arrangement which may be opened toreceive an object and, when released, automatically closes to

retain the object.Locking Snap Hook a snap hook that includes a lockingmechanism which will keep the hook closed and locked untilmanually unlocked and opened.

Strap a length of webbing.

Stretchable Harness a full-body harness that is morecomfortable to wear because the webbing is a blend of nylon,polyester, and a specially-formulated elastomer that stretches.Includes provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline ordeceleration device.

Sub-Pelvic Strap a full-body harness strap, which passesunder the buttocks without passing through the crotch, that isdesigned to transmit forces applied during fall arrest or post-fallsuspension to the sub-pelvic part of the body.

Suspension Trauma (Orthostatic Intolerance) when a personfalls and remains both vertical and sedentary for a period of time,blood pools in the veins of the legs, which could result inunconsciousness. If a person is not rescued quickly, permanentdamage and possibly death may result. (Ex.: Miller Relief Step Safety Device.)

Tie-Back Lanyard a flexible line of heavy-duty, abrasion-resistant webbing designed to be used as the connecting deviceand anchorage connector with a specially-engineered snap hookable to withstand 5,000 lbs. (22 kN) (Ex.: Miller BackBiter Tie-BackLanyard.)

Total Fall Clearance Distance the maximum vertical distance that a worker could potentially fall and still avoid contact with alower level.


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Contact your Miller distributor:

Miller Fall Protection ProductsA comprehensive line of fall protection products, includingconfined space equipment, and services designed to enhancesafety, comfort and productivity on the job site.

Miller TrainingCustomized fall prevention and protection training programs tailored to your needs, as well as pre-scheduled courses offeredin major cities throughout North America.

Miller Engineered SolutionsEngineering services dedicated to the design and installation ofcustom-engineered fall protection systems in accordance withfederal and local codes and regulations.

Whether you are just starting a fall protection program or havequestions about your current program, we welcome theopportunity to serve you, call us toll free:

Miller Technical Service

800/873-5242

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