INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MERGING TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED RESEARCH IN COMPUTING

IJMTARC – VOLUME – IV – ISSUE - 16 - DEC 2016 ISSN: 2320-1363

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SMART CITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING IOT

Ms.K.Bhramini Ms.A.Godhavari

Abstract—

With the proliferation of Internet of Things

(IoT) devices such as smartphones, sensors,

cameras, and RFIDs, it is possible to collect

massive amount of data for localization and

tracking of people within commercial

buildings. Enabled by such occupancy

monitoring capabilities, there are extensive

opportunities for improving the energy

consumption of buildings via smart HVAC

control. In this respect, the major challenges

we envision are 1) to achieve occupancy

monitoring in a minimally intrusive way,

e.g., using the existing infrastructure in the

buildings and not requiring installation of

any apps in the users’ smart devices, and 2)

to develop effective data fusion techniques

for improving occupancy monitoring

accuracy using a multitude of sources. This

paper surveys the existing works on

occupancy monitoring and multi-modal data

fusion techniques for smart commercial

buildings. The goal is to lay down a

framework for future research to exploit the

spatio-temporal data obtained from one or

more of various IoT devices such as

temperature sensors, surveillance cameras,

and RFID tags that may be already in use in

the buildings. A comparative analysis of

existing approaches and future predictions

for research challenges are also provided.

I. INTRODUCTION

At the present times, many times the

garbage bin or Dust bins are placed at public

places in the cities are overflowing due to

wastage. It creates unhygienic condition for

the people and creates bad smell around the

surroundings this leads to spread some

deadly diseases & human illness, to avoid

such a situation we are planning to design

“IOT Based Waste Management for Smart

Cities”. In this proposed System there are

multiple dustbins located throughout the

city, these dustbins are provided with low

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cost embedded device which helps in

tracking the level of the garbage bins and an

unique ID will be provided for every dustbin

in the city so that it is easy to identify which

garbage bin is full. When the level reaches

the threshold limit, the device will transmit

the level along with the unique ID provided.

These details can be accessed by the concern

authorities from their place with the help of

Internet and an immediate action can be

made to clean the dustbins.

This project aims for designing and

executing the advanced development in

embedded systems for energy saving of

street lights. Currently we have a manual

system where the street lights will be

switched ON in the evening before the

sunsets and they are switched OFF in the

next day morning after there is sufficient

light on the outside. But the actual timing

for these lights to be switched ON is when

there is absolute darkness. This project gives

solution for electrical power wastage in the

cities. Also the manual operation of the

lighting system is completely eliminated.

This is achieved by sensing and approaching

a vehicle using an IR transmitter and IR

Receiver couple. Upon sensing the

movement the sensor transmit the data to the

microcontroller which furthermore the Light

to switch ON .Similarly as soon as the

vehicle or an obstacle goes away the Light

gets switched OFF as the sensor sense any

object at the same time the status (ON/OFF)

of the street light can be accessed from

anywhere and anytime through internet. This

project is implemented with smart

embedded system which controls the street

lights based on detection of vehicles or any

other obstacles on the street .Whenever the

obstacle is detected on the street within the

specified time the light will get

automatically ON/OFF according to the

obstacle detection and the same information

can be accessed through internet. The real

time information of the street light(ON/OFF

Status) can be accessed from anytime,

anywhere through internet.

By using this paper weather monitor

in the city, in this temperature monitoring by

using temperature sensor how much

temperature is present in city. And how

much smoke is present in the city and also

detect any fire accidents in the city..

2 LITERATURE SURVEY

Kanchan Mahajan: “Waste Bin

Monitoring System Using Integrated

Technologies” There are a number of

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techniques which are purposefully used and

are being build up for well management of

garbage or solid waste. Zigbee and Global

System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

are the latest trends and are one of the best

combination to be used in the project.

Hence, a combination of both of these

technologies is used in the project. To give a

brief description of the project , the sensors

are placed in the common garbage bins

placed at the public places.

Islam, M.S: “Solid waste bin

detection” The increasing requirement for

Solid Waste Management (SWM) has

become a significant challenge for

municipal authorities. A number of

integrated systems and methods have

introduced to overcome this challenge.

Many researchers have aimed to develop

an ideal SWM system, including approaches

involving software-based routing,

Geographic Information Systems (GIS),

Radio-frequency Identification (RFID), or

sensor intelligent bins. Image processing

solutions for the Solid Waste (SW)

collection have also been developed;

however, during capturing the bin image, it

is challenging to position the camera for

getting a bin area centralized image.

III BLOCK DIAGRAM

This chapter provides the

information about the project block diagram,

its description and working. The block

diagram is the representation of the project

model. It provides the list of the hardware

which are required for the project.Based on

this need to select the hardware components

with proper characteristics. Here the major

issue is depending upon the result of the

components should be selected and these are

assembled in an appropriate manner the

circuit description is stated below.

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Fig 3.1 Block Diagram

POWER SUPPLY: It plays a crucial role a

crucial role in every project .It is responsible

for the conversion of available power of one

set of characteristics to meet specified

requirements. Also it stabilizes the power.

LPC2148: Micro controllers based on a

32/16 bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real

time emulation and embedded trace support,

that combines the micro controller with

embedded high speed flash memory.

LCD: Liquid crystal display is used to

display the result legibly.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR: It can measure

temperature more accurately

SMOKE SENSOR: They are used in gas

leakage detecting equipments in family and

industry, are suitable for detecting of LPG,

natural gas , town gas, avoid the noise of

alcohol and cooking fumes and cigarette

smoke.

GSM: Global system for mobile

communications is a globally accepted

standard for digital cellular communication.

FIRE SENSOR: Fire sensor The Fire sensor,

as the name suggests, is used as a simple and

compact device for protection against fire.

The module makes use of IR sensor and

comparator to detect fire up to a range of 1 -

2 meters depending on fire density.

IR SENSOR: Infrared (IR) sensor is used to

detect level in the dustbin whether the

dustbin is full or not. An Infrared (IR)

sensor is used to detect level in the dustbin

whether the dustbin is full or not. An IR

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sensor consists of an emitter, detector and

associated circuitry. The circuit required to

make an IR sensor consists of two parts; the

emitter circuit and receiver circuit. In this

project two And it is used for automatic

switch on/off the street lights. when the

vehicle, person or obstacle comes near the

IR sensor it will automatically ON.

LDR SENSOR: It is used for automatically

switch ON/OFF the light based on the

intensity of the dark and light.

WIFI: Wi-Fi Module helps us to send the

details of the dustbin and weather

monitoring details at the receiver side.

BUZZER: A buzzer or beeper is an audio

signaling device. when the fire accidents

occurs in the city the buzzer will be ON

based on light intensity of the fire.

STREET LIGHTS: The street light will be

automatically ON/OFF. When the dark/light

in the city based on the LDR sensor.

3.2 CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION:

Fig 3.2: picture of the kit

Switch on the power supply.

Bridge type full wave rectifier is

used to rectify the ac output of

secondary of 230/12v step down

transformer.

7805 three terminal voltage regulator

is used for voltage regulator.

This voltage supply of 5 volts dc is

given to the microcontroller.

Here LPC2148 microcontroller for

efficient output. Its acts as a control

unit.

WI-FI module is also interfaced

through serial communication.

parameter values can be measured

from the message alerts.

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The device is LCD displaying the

sensors values and ON and OFF

values through sending from the

sensors.

Whenever one of these sensor shows

the fire accidents occurs in the city

automatically the buzzer will be ON.

IV SERIAL COMMUNICATION

In the serial communication contains

RS232 and WI-FI are explained in below.

4.1 Basics of Serial Communication

In serial communication the whole

data unit, say a byte is transmitted one bit at

a time. While in parallel transmission

the whole data unit, say a byte (8bits) are

transmitted at once. Obviously serial

transmission requires a single wire while

parallel transfer requires as many wires as

there are in our data unit. So parallel transfer

is used to transfer data within short range

(e.g. inside the computer between graphic

card and CPU) while serial transfer is

preferable in long range.

As in serial transmission only one

wire is used for data transfer. Its logic level

changes according to bit being transmitted

(0 or 1). But a serial communication need

some way of synchronization. If you don't

understand what I mean by

"synchronization" then don't worry just read

on it will become clear.

The "clock" line helps you in

"synchronizing" the incoming data. In this

way many serial busses like SPI and I2C

works. But USART is different in USART

there is no clock line. So it is called UART -

Universal Asynchronous Receiver

Transmitter. In USART a start bit and stop

bits are used to synchronize the incoming

data .

4.2 RS232

RS232 is a asynchronous serial

communication protocol widely used in

computers and digital systems. It is called

asynchronous because there is no separate

synchronizing clock signal as there are in

other serial protocols like SPI and I2C. The

protocol is such that it automatically

synchronize itself. We can use RS232 to

easily create a data link between our MCU

based projects and standard PC. Excellent

example is a commercial Serial PC mouse.

You can make a data loggers that reads

analog value(such as temperatures or light

using proper sensors) using the ADC and

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send them to PC where a special program

written by you shows the data using nice

graphs and charts etc.

point

DB-9 pin connector

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

(Out of computer and exposed end of cable)

Pin Functions:

Data: TxD

on pin 3, RxD on pin 2

Handshake: RTS

on pin 7, CTS on pin 8, DSR on pin 6,

CD on

pin 1, DTR on pin 4

Common:

Common pin 5(ground)

Other: RI on

pin 9

The method used by RS-232 for

communication allows for a simple

connection of three lines: Tx, Rx, and

Ground. The three essential signals for 2

way RS-232

Communications are these:

TXD: carries data from DTE to the DCE.

RXD: carries data from DCE to the DTE

SG: signal ground

4.3MAX232:DUALDRIVER/RECIEVER

DESCRIPTION:

The MAX232 is a dual

driver/receiver that includes a capacitive

voltage generator to supply TIA/EIA-232-F

voltage levels from a single 5V supply. Each

receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-F inputs to

5V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers have

a typical threshold of 1.3V, a typical

hysteresis of 0.5 V, and can accept up to

30V inputs. Each driver converts

TTL/CMOS input levels into TIA/EIA-232-

F levels.

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Fig:4.1 pin diagram of MAX232

Features:

Operates from a single 5V Power

Supply with 1.0uF Charge-Pump

Capacitors

Operates up to 120 k bit/s

Two Drivers and Two Receivers

±30 V Input Levels

Low Supply Current . . . 8 mA

Typical

Upgrade with Improved ESD (15kV

HBM) and 0.1uF Charge-Pump Capacitors

is available With the MAX202.

Applications-- TIA/EIA-232-F, Battery-

Powered Systems, Terminals, Modems, and

Computers

4.4 WIFI MODULE(ZG2100M):

The ZG2100 single-chip 802.11b

transceiver includes MAC, baseband, RF

and power amplifier, and built in hardware

support for AES, and TKIP (WEP,

WPA,WPA2 security). The device has an

API targeted for embedded markets so an

operating system is not required for

operation. There is a fully integrated radio

ideal for 1 & 2Mbps operation with optional

support for external PA and antenna switch

operation. The ZG2100M modules

incorporate the ZeroG ZG2100 single chip

802.11b transceiver with all associated RF

components, crystal oscillator, and bypass

and bias passives along with a printed

antenna to provide a fully integrated Wi-Fi

I/O solution controllable from an 8 or 16-bit

processor. The ZG2101M module is similar

but bypasses the on-board PCB antenna and

uses a U.FL connector for connection to an

external antenna. Interface is via SPI slave

interface with interrupt for HOST operation.

The modules support RS232 serial interfaces

(requires level shifter) for debug and JTAG

boundary scan. Operation is via a single 3V

supply utilizing internal 1.8V regulator,

supporting various power states, such as

hibernate and SLEEP, for end applications

long battery life. ZG2100M contains a built

in PCB antenna for ease of system

integration and significant BOM reduction.

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The module is manufactured on an

FR4 PCB substrate, with components on the

top surface only. Connection is made 1.2.

Supply Blocks and Boot-Up Sequence for

Single 3.3V Supply The internal regulators

for the digital and analog core power

supplies are enabled by keeping the chip

enable pin (CE_N) low. The waveforms for

the core supplies, illustrated on the

following page, as shown when powering up

the ZG2100M/ZG2101M with a nominal

3.3V applied to VDD33. There is an internal

power-on-reset detect which starts the boot

sequence from the internal ROM when the

core supply (VDD18) is up. After

approximately 50 ms from when 3.3V

supplies are within 10% of the 3.3V target,

the ZG2100 is ready for operation.

Fully-Integrated Radio:

ZG2100M/ZG2101M incorporates a

fully integrated radio Ideal for 1 & 2 Mbps

operation with optional support for external

PA operation. The direct conversion TX

design incorporates an integrated PA, with

up to +10dBm typical at antenna, and fully

integrated internal power control loop. The

direct conversion RX chain utilizes

Automatic Gain Control that allows

ZG2100M/ZG2101M to receive with a

minimum input Level sensitivity (1Mbps @

<8% PER) of -91 dBm typical at the

antenna. The ZG2100M/ZG2101M only

needs an external crystal for a reference

clock.

Internal ROM/RAM/NVM:

ZG2100M/ZG2101M incorporates

internal ROM, RAM, and NVM. The

internal ROM and RAM are reserved only

for ZG2100M/ZG2101M operations. The

NVM holds information such as the MAC

address, TX manufacturing calibration

values, and frequency calibration values.

4.4.1Package Information:

Fig 4.2: ZG2100M Module Physical

Dimension

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Fig 4.3: module layout guidelines

Zero Wireless ∙ 255 San Geronimo Way ∙

Sunnyvale ∙ CA ∙ 94085 ∙ 408 738 7600 ∙

408 738 7601 fax www.zerogwireless.com

Figure 13 ZG2100M "Keep Out" Areas In

addition to the guidelines in Figure 13, note

the following suggestions: ZG2100M and

ZG2101M Bypass capacitors for 3.3V

should be close to pin 17. Routing under the

module except for limits shown in Figure 10

is acceptable, if they are solder-masked. Do

not route any nets to VDD18 Do not use

VDD18 to source any external nets. Never

place the antenna very close to metallic

objects.

Notes:

1. For Rx On, RX chain is fully ON.

2. For Tx On, Pout= 0dBm (measured at

antenna); 2Mb/Sec.modulated signal

3. For Tx On, Pout= +10dBm (measured at

antenna); 2Mb/Sec.modulated signal

4. 3.3V Current Consumption values

represent Typical Peak currents. Wi-Fi

protocol is such that current draw occurs at

less than 100% duty cycle. Tx is dependent

on such criteria as transmit power setting,

and transmit data rate and bandwidth being

used. Rx is affected by connectivity

distance.

5. Contact factory for Industrial part

characteristics. All characteristics in this

specification are for commercial

temperature rated parts only.

6. Operation in EU and/or Japan over

extended voltage range of 2.7V to 3.6V will

require additional certification testing by

customer. The module is capable of this

operation.

7. While 3.63V is the maximum operating

voltage, the module will detect an

overvoltage condition at 4.2V and disable

the RF Transmit function. This is an RF

Certification behavior pertaining to

disabling transmission in unforeseen

overvoltage conditions.

8. Listed Absolute Maximum Ratings are

not meant for functional operation.

Operation at these levels is not guaranteed,

and may reduce the operating life of the

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component.

Receiver 2.4GHz Band

Nominal conditions: 25C, Single VCC

=3.3V, Flo=2437MHz; measured at

recommended single ended balun input.

Fig 5.4: Digital Electrical Characteristics

Single VCC =3.3V (+/-10%)

Limitations

This Device And Associated

Software Are Not Designed, Manufactured

Or Intended For Use Or Resale For The

Operation Of Nuclear Facilities, The

Navigation, Control Or Communication

Systems For Aircraft Or Other

Transportation, Air Traffic Control, Life

Support Or Life Sustaining Applications,

Weapons Systems, Or Any Other

Application In A Hazardous Environment,

Or Requiring Fail-Safe Performance, Or In

Which The Failure Of Products Could Lead

Directly To Death, Personal Injury, Or

Severe Physical Or Environmental Damage

(Collectively, "High Risk Applications").

You Agree And Acknowledge That You

Have No License To, And Shall Not

(AndShall Not Allow A Third Party To)

Use The Technology In Any High Risk

Applications, And Licensor Specifically

Disclaims Any Warranty Regarding, And

Any Liability Arising Out Of, High Risk

Applications.

V.CONCLUSION

The implemented real time waste

management system by using smart dustbins

to check the fill level of smart dustbins

whether the dustbin are full or not. In this

system the information of all smart dustbins

can be accessed from anywhere and anytime

by the concern person and he/she can take a

decision accordingly. By implementing this

proposed system the cost reduction, resource

optimization, effective usage of smart

dustbins can be done. This system indirectly

reducing traffic in the city. In major cities

the garbage collection vehicle visit the

area’s everyday twice or thrice depends on

the population of the particular area and

sometimes these dustbins may not be full.

Our System will inform the status of each

and every dust bin in real time so that the

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concerned authority can send the garbage

collection vehicle only when the dustbin is

full.

This project “IoT Based Smart

Intelligent Lighting System for Smart City “

is a cost effective, practical, ecofriendly and

the safest way to save energy and this

system the light status information can be

accessed from anytime and anywhere. It

clearly tackles the two problems that world

is facing today, saving of energy and also

disposal of incandescent lamps, very

efficiently. Initial cost and maintenance can

be the draw backs of this project. With the

advances in technology and good resource

planning the cost of the project can be cut

down and also with the use of good

equipment the maintenance can also be

reduced in terms of periodic checks. This

project is aimed to design a weather

monitoring system by monitoring the

different parameters like temperature, smoke

and fire sensors in remote places by using

wireless GSM technology.

The scope for the future work is this

system can be implemented with time stamp

in which real-time clock shown to the

concern person at what time dust bin is full

and at what time the waste is collected from

the smart dustbins. The project has scope in

various other applications like for providing

lighting in industries, campuses and parking

lots of huge shopping malls. This can also

be used for surveillance in corporate

campuses and industries.

REFERANCES:

[1] Kanchan Mahajan, “Waste Bin

Monitoring System UsingIntegrated

Technologies”, International Journal of

Innovative Research in Science,Engineering

and Technology, Issue 3 ,Issue 7 , July 2014.

[2] M. Al-Maaded, N. K. Madi, Ramazan

Kahraman, A. Hodzic, N. G. Ozerkan , An

Overview of Solid Waste Management and

PlasticRecycling in Qatar, Springer Journal

of Polymers and the Environment, March

2012, Volume 20, Issue 1, pp 186-194.

[3] Islam, M.S. Arebey, M. ; Hannan, M.A.

; Basri, H,”Overview for solid waste bin

monitoring and collection system”

Innovation Managementand Technology

Research (ICIMTR), 2012 International

Conference , Malacca, 258 – 262

[4] Raghumani Singh, C. Dey, M. Solid

waste management of Thoubal Municipality,

Manipur- a case study Green Technology

andEnvironmental Conservation (GTEC

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2011), 2011 International Conference

Chennai 21 – 24

[5] Vikrant Bhor, “Smart Garbage

management System International Journal of

Engineering Research & Technology

(IJERT),Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-20152000.

[6] Narayan Sharma,, “Smart Bin

Implemented for Smart City”,International

Journal of Scientific & Engineering

Research, Volume 6, Issue 9, September-

2015 Archana. [7] DeepanshuKhandelwal,

Bijo M Thomas, KritikaMehndiratta, Nitin

Kumar “Sensor Based Automatic Street

Lighting system” International Journal of

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Volume-2, Issue-2 April- 2015 .

[8] KapseSagar Sudhakar1, AbhaleAmol

Anil2, Kudakechetan Ashok3,

ShirsathShravan Bhaskar4 “Automatic

Street Light Control System” International

Journal of Emerging Technology and

Advanced Engineering”Volume 3, Issue 5,

May 2013

[9] Mustafsaad, AbdalhalimFarij, Ahamed

Salah “Automatic Street Light Control

System Using Microcontroller”

Mathematical method and Optimization

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[10] SaksheeSrivastava, “Electronics And

Communication Engineering, Institute Of

Technology And Management AL-1,

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[11] L. Jasio, T. Wilmshurst, D. Ibrahim, J.

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all, Publishing

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Author’s Profile

Ms. A.Goadavari received M.Tech degree from

Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering &

Technology affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad. He

is currently working as HOD, Embedded

systems&power electronics in Modugula

Kalavathamma Institute of Technology for

Women, Rajampet, Kadapa,AP

Ms. K.Brahmani received B.Tech Degree from

Modugula Kalavathamma Institute of

Technology for Women. She is currently

pursuing M.tech Degree in Modugula

Kalavathamma Institute of Technology for

Women, Rajampet, Kadapa,AP

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