Smart City As Unified Multi-tier IoT Solution

Increased Smart City IQ

• Generation 1: local management systems (e.g. traffic lights synchronization)

• Generation 2: vertical scaling of management systems (e.g. situation center for traffic control)

• Generation 3: integrated citywide systems (e.g. automatically providing a green corridor for emergency vehicles)

• Generation 4: unified system development by city councils and citizens (e.g. automatic excessive energy sales from households to utility line)

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What Has Industrial IoT to Do with It?

• Smart city is a perfect playground where diverse “things” can intercommunicate now

• Technically, Industrial IoT is generally associated with new physical layer transmission standards (e.g. LPWA) and new protocols (e.g. MQTT)

• None of these is revolutionary, it’s logical technological evolution

• Machine Learning is expected to have game-changing potential

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Smart City As IoT System

• On the object level, there is nothing out of the ordinary: “things” are controllers with sensors and end devices connected to those controllers

• On a higher level, whole systems become “things” (e.g. traffic control system can receive orders from the Public Safety Answering Point for providing a green corridor)

• Tasks carried out by “things” get a great deal more complicated as structured data exchange is required

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Example: Engineering Systems Monitoring (ESM)

• Object level. In fact, it’s a simple SCADA system with strictly typed incidents (alerts).

• Regional level. On this level, every critical object and its local ESM system are “things”.

• Federal level. In this case, a «thing» is a whole region and its regional ESM system.

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Problem of Implementing Standards in Russia

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• Vital IoT problem in Russia is frequent disregard of foreign standards and the best world practices

• Example: CAP (Common Alerting Protocol) is widely used around the globe for warning various municipal services of natural disasters and man-caused emergencies

• CAP allows governmental services to exchange information immediately, e.g., in case of tsunami or terror threats

• CAP isn’t applicable for ESM systems, which causes technical complexity of using new systems as object-level ESM

• The problem is relevant not only to Russia. Lack of interoperability or standards is the first reason why Industrial Internet development is suppressed (Industrial Internet of Things: Unleashing the Potential of Connected Products and Services, Accenture, Industry Agenda of the World Economic Forum, 2015)

Unified Smart City: Architecture

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• Level 1 “thing”: local building system controller (e.g. access control or Wi-Fi networks) and local autonomous system controller (e.g. traffic lights on the square)

• Level 2 “thing”: controlling server and building monitoring server (e.g. disabling ventilation and unlocking turnstiles upon receipt of security and fire alarm system signals)

• Level 3 “thing”: Electronic Public Utilities Service Provider server (serviced by an operator, it collects data on active incidents from building servers and creates repair requests)

• Level 4 “thing”: regional situation center server coordinating work of municipal and administration company systems

Urban IoT

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Definition: communication infrastructure providing unified, easy, and effective way of accessing multiple public services.*

Aims:

• Increase the comfort level in urban environment

• Improve economic indicators of Smart City systems

Implementation area: any services related to physical assets.

* Internet of Things for Smart Cities, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2014

Urban IoT Segments

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• Building Integrity Monitoring

• Waste Management

• Intelligent Traffic Control

• Air Quality Monitoring

• Noise Level Monitoring

• Power Supply for Municipal Facilities

• Parking Space Management

• Smart Lighting

• Municipal Building Automation

Smart and Safe City. What’s the Difference?

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• Brief answer: no difference

• Safe City is one of the development branches, such as, for instance, Green (energy-efficient) City

• Safe City systems exchange data with all other Smart City systems

• Multiple systems serve several duties (e.g., traffic surveillance system)