Smart and Microgrid R&D

Military Smart Grids & Microgrids Symposium

Steve Bossart, Senior Energy Analyst U.S. Department of Energy

National Energy Technology Laboratory

Arlington, VAMay 1, 2013

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Topics

Microgrid Concepts

Challenges

DOE Microgrid Program

Selected DOE Microgrid Project Results

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Microgrid Concepts

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Includes DER & Load

Defined electric boundaries

Single controllable entity

Connect and disconnect from grid

Grid-connected or island-mode

Microgrids & Smart Grids

Central Generation

Transmission Load

Distributed Generation E-Storage

Distribution

E-StorageDistributed Generation

Load

Microgrid

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A Possible Future Distribution Architecture

Municipal Microgrid

Military Microgrid

Campus Microgrid

Commercial Park Microgrid

IndustrialMicrogrid

Utility Microgrid

Distribution Control

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Why Microgrids?• Support integration of smart grid & renewables• Ease application of combined heat & power• Local generation reduces electricity losses• Disperses investments between central and local assets• Assist in reducing peak load• Serve critical loads • Provide local power quality & reliability• Promotes community involvement & energy independence• Provide local power during outages• Supports main grid

– Provide ancillary services to main grid– Manage variability of loads and renewables locally

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Some Challenges and Risks

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Challenges to a Smart Grid1. Businesses, state regulators, and consumer advocates are

unconvinced of the value of smart grid technologies due to lack of performance data on costs and benefits

2. Insufficient or inadequate technologies, components, and systems to leverage IT potential of smart grid

3. No established standards for interoperability of systems and components

4. Insufficient cyber security for a smart grid architecture

5. Lack of a skilled workforce to build, install, operate, and maintain systems and equipment

6. Consumer understanding of the electrical infrastructure and opportunities enabled by smart grid technologies

7. Change management – vision, alignment, education, metrics

8. Future proofing – communications

9. Shift in regulatory paradigm – least cost, “used and useful”

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DOE OE Microgrid Demonstration Program

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Microgrid RD&D Projects

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DOE-OE Primary Microgrid Field Projects

Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration Projects

Mon Power - West Virginia Super CircuitChevron Energy Solutions - CERTS Microgrid DemoCity of Fort Collins - 3.5 MW Mixed Distributed ResourcesIllinois Institute of Technology - IIT Perfect Power DemoSan Diego Gas & Electric - Borrego Springs Microgrid

Smart Grid Demonstration Projects (ARRA)

Battelle – Pacific Northwest Smart Grid DemonstrationLA Dept. of Water & Power Smart Grid Regional DemoSouthern California Edison Irvine Smart Grid Demo

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SDG&E

Battelle

SCE

Ft Collins

Chevron Mon Power

IIT

LADWP

RDSI

SGDP

DOE OE Primary Microgrid Project Locations

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Smart Grid Demonstration Program (SGDP)

Demonstrate emerging technologies (including energy storage) and alternative architectures

Validate business models Address regulatory

and scalability issues Large projects: $20M-

$89M Small projects: $720K-$20M (Federal share)

4-year projects (average)

Selected ProjectsTotal Funding $1,647,637,256

Total Federal Funding $620,027,274

Total Number of Projects 32Large

Projects, 12 (37%)Small

Projects, 20 (63%)

Number of Projects

IOU, 41%

Municipal Utilities,

13%

Electric Co-ops, 3.0%

Technology/ Manufac-

turing Company,

34.0%

Non-Profit, 9%

SGDP Recipient Types

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Common Objectives Among DOE’s Microgrid Projects

• Reduce peak load• Benefits of integrated DER (i.e., DG, DR, e-storage)• Ability to integrate variable renewables• Operate in “islanding” and “grid parallel” modes• Import and export capabilities• Two-way communications (frequency, verification, data latency)• Data management • Price-driven demand response• Dynamic feeder reconfiguration• Outage management (i.e., number, duration, and extent)• Volt/VAR/frequency control• Balance distributed and central control• Cyber security • Interconnection and interoperability• Defer generation, transmission, and distribution investments

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Common Technologies Among DOE’s Microgrid Projects

Generation and Energy Storage Renewable energy (PV, wind) Distributed generation (microturbines, fuel cells, diesel) Combined heat and power Energy storage (thermal storage, batteries)

T&D Communications (wireless, PLC, internet) Advanced metering infrastructure & smart meters T&D equipment health monitors (transformers)

Consumers Plug-in electric vehicles and charging stations (PHEV/PEV) Smart appliances & programmable thermostats Home Area Networks & In-Home Displays Energy management systems

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Selected DOE OE Microgrid Projects

Fort Collins, COAlameda County, CA – St. Rita Jail

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Fort Collins SGDP

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Fort Collins RDSI

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Fort Collins RDSI

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CERTS Microgrid Demonstration at St. Rita Jail

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CERTS Microgrid Demonstration at St. Rita Jail Results

14% peak reduction

- Fuel cell (1 MW)- Photovoltaic (1.2 MW)- Battery (2MW; 12MWH)

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Cloudy Spring Day

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Contact InformationMerrill Smith & Dan Ton

Program Managers

Microgrid R&D

U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Energy Delivery and Energy Reliability

Merrill.smith@hq.doe.gov

(202) 586-3646

Dan.ton@hq.doe.gov

(202) 586-4618

Steve Bossart

Senior Energy Analyst

U.S. Department of Energy

National Energy Technology Lab

Steven.bossart@netl.doe.gov

(304) 285-4643

Key Microgrid Resources:DOE OE www.oe.energy.govSmart Grid www.smartgrid.gov