Slide 2 A Professional Development Module - texasat.net · Slide 1 1 Technology Supports for ... –Restate the difficult sentence or passage in own words ... • Understanding a

Technology Supports for Struggling Readers

© 2006 Texas Assistive Technology Network (TATN) www.texasat.net 1

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A ProfessionalDevelopment Module

Collaboratively developed by:• Texas Assistive Technology

Network, led by Region IV ESC • Texas Education Agency

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A ProfessionalDevelopment Module

• Part of the Assistive Technology in Texas Schools Series

• Available at www.texasat.net

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ObjectivesParticipants will learn about:• A framework for reading

instruction• Reading strategies for struggling

students• Technology supports to assist

struggling readers

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Research Based Effective Components of Reading• National Reading Panel• Put Reading First • NCLB, Reading First Initiative• Texas Reading Initiative

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Research Based Effective Components of Reading• Phonemic (Phonological) Awareness • Phonics• Fluency• Vocabulary• Comprehension

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Phonological Awareness Continuum

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• Understanding discrete sounds/phonemes

• Recognizing which words in a set of words begin with the same sound

• Isolating and saying the first or last sound in a word

Phonological AwarenessInstruction

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• Combining or blending the separate sounds in a word to say the word

• Breaking or segmenting a word into its separate sounds

Phonological AwarenessInstruction

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Phonological Awareness

Rhyming

• Identifying and making oral rhymes• Matching the ending sounds of words

starting with the vowel sounds(cat, bat, hat, that).

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Alliteration• Producing groups of words that begin

with the same sound

(Two tired turtles tried to take a trip.)

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Sentence Segmentation

• Segmenting sentences into spoken words(The sentence, “The girl ate two candy bars,” segments into six words)

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Syllable Blending and Segmentation

• Blending syllables to say words (/pan/ /cake/ blends to pancake)

• Segmenting words into syllables(cactus segments to /cac/ /tus/)

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Onset-Rime Blending and Segmentation

• Separating the initial consonant or consonant cluster (the onset) from the vowel and consonant sounds that come after it (the rime) (Shirt segments to the onset /sh/ and the rime /irt/)

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Phonological AwarenessPhoneme Blending, Segmentation, and Manipulation• Blending phonemes into words

(/m/ /a/ /n/ blends to man)• Segmenting words into individual phonemes

(cat segments to /k/ /a/ /t/)• Manipulating phonemes in spoken words

(/b/ substituted for /k/ in cat makes bat)

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Technology Can…Support a student learning to…

• Recognize patterns in words• Create words from letters, words, pictures or

sounds• Use auditory feedback as words are created

or segmented• Convert words by isolating and changing

phonemes

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Technology Links for ReadingInstruction

www.texasat.net

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Tools to Explore

• Low tech• Authoring Tools• Clicker 5• Teach Me Nouns• Simon SIO• Earobics

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ight

light night

sight right

• See the rhyme• Hear the rhyme

Word Processing / AuthoringTools

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L ight

N ight

• Build the rhyme


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Clicker 5/ Enables children

to write with whole words and pictures

/ Talking word processor (Mac and PC)

/ Create your own grids

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Teach Me Nouns

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Simon SIO

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Earobics Step 1 & 2Earobics for

Adolescents and Adults

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Phonics - Alphabetic Understanding(Elementary)

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Phonics Instruction

Systematic Direct Teaching• Letter-sound relationships

• Spelling strategies

• Writing strategies

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Phonics: AlphabeticUnderstandingLetter Sounds

• Association of a sound with a letter and letter combination in a written word

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Phonics: AlphabeticUnderstandingSpelling Regular Words

• Using letter sounds and segmentation to spell words

• Mapping sounds to letters following typical rules

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Phonics: AlphabeticUnderstandingSpelling/Reading Irregular Words

• Spelling words in which some or all of the letters do not represent their most common sounds. (e.g. word families: one, none, done)

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Phonics: AlphabeticUnderstandingSentence Reading

• Practicing reading regular and irregular words then reading them in the context of a sentence

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Technology Can…

Support a student learning to…

• Pair sounds and letters to form words• Spell with success• Practice fluency in reading sentences• Adapt reading strategies as immediate

feedback is received

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www.texasat.net

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Tools to Explore

• Low Tech• Authoring Tools• Ultimate Phonics• WordMaker• Lexia

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b

• See the letter• Hear the letter sound• Match the sounds to the picture


a t

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• Read the text.• Hear the text.• See the text in pictures


(The boy hits the ball with the bat.)

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Ultimate Phonics Reading Program

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WordMaker

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LexiaLexia Early Reading®

Lexia Primary Reading™

Lexia Strategies for Older Students™

Lexia Quick Reading Test®

Lexia Comprehensive Reading Test™(strengths and weaknesses in alphabetics, decoding, comprehension, and retention)

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Word Identification(Secondary)

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Word Identification

Letter/Sound Correspondence

• Ability to say the sounds for each letter or letter combination that is given

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Word Identification

Structural Analysis

• Analysis of compound words, contractions, syllables, root words, affixes, Greek and Latin morphemes

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Technology Can…


• Recognize the parts that make up the word.

• Use context clues to interpret meanings.

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www.texasat.net

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Tools to Explore

• Low Tech• Authoring Tools• Read, Write and Type• Co:Writer

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(Baseball is an international

sport.)

• See the parts of the word.• Hear context clues to interpret

meanings.


International

Inter = between

Nation = ex: United States, Japan, China

International

Inter = between

Nation = ex: United States, Japan, China

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Read, Write and Type

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Co:Writer

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Fluency

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Fluency Instruction

• Bridge between word recognition and comprehension

• Development is gradual over time

• Difference between more fluent readers and less fluent readers

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Fluency

Automaticity of Letter Sounds

• Quickly recognizing letter sounds as a precursor to blending, word reading, and passage reading

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Fluency

Automaticity of Words

• Accurately and quickly identifying regular words

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Fluency

Connected Text

• Sounding out each word and then reading them together

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Technology Can…


• Practice reading aloud• Use models to develop fluency skills in

reading

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www.texasat.net

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Tools to Explore

– Start-to-Finish– Talking word processors – Scan and read systems

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• Record yourself as you read• Listen to the reading model


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Start-to-Finish

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Talking Word Processors

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Scan and Read Systems

• WYNN 4 Kurzweil 3000 v 10.0

• Read and Write Gold 8

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Vocabulary

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Research RevealsMost Vocabulary Is Learned Indirectly As

Students:

• Engage in daily oral language• Listen to adults read to them• Read extensively on their own

Some Vocabulary Must Be Taught Directly

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Research Reveals

Effective Word-Learning Strategies Include Using:

• Dictionaries and other reference aids to learn word meanings and to deepen knowledge of word meanings

• Information about word parts to figure out the meanings of words in text

• Context clues to determine word meanings• Word parts (suffixes, prefixes, base words)

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Vocabulary

Recognizing and Understanding Words

• Introducing – new vocabulary– targeted words– basic concepts

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Vocabulary

Synonyms and Antonyms

• Learning words that have similar meanings to the target words and that have opposite meanings

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Vocabulary

Definitions

• Using categories and descriptors to define targeted words

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Vocabulary

Elaboration

• Using descriptive words to describe objects and actions

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Vocabulary

Context

• Using the words surrounding an unknown word to figure the new word’s meaning

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Technology Can…


• Search word meanings• Explore new words• Elaborate on immediate vocabulary

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www.texasat.net

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Tools to Explore– Franklin Spell Checker– Language Master– Reading Pen– Highlighting tape – Magnetic Poetry– Read & Write Gold– American Heritage English Dictionary– Scan and Read systems

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Spell Checkers

υ A spell checker can provide auditory feedback. υ Handwriting animation teaches penmanship -

child enters any word to see it modeled in either manuscript or cursive writing

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Quicktionary Reading Pen II

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Highlighters

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Magnetic Poetry

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Comprehension

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Text Comprehension

Comprehension Strategies–Identify where difficulty occurs–Identify what the difficulty is–Restate the difficult sentence or

passage in own words–Look back through the text–Look forward in the text for

information that might help them to resolve the difficulty

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Text Comprehension

Monitoring Comprehension

• Teach students to monitor their own comprehension

• Be aware of what they do understand• Identify what they do not understand• Use appropriate "fix-up" strategies to

resolve problems in comprehension

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Comprehension

Literal Comprehension

• Understanding what is explicitly stated or clearly implied in the text

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Comprehension

Implicit Comprehension

• Understanding a meaning that is intended or suggested by the author but not stated

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Comprehension

Story Retell

• Recalling events from a passage and retelling it

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Comprehension

Story Grammar

• Understanding story grammar elements (main characters, setting, problems, important events, solutions and themes)

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Comprehension

Sequencing

• Sequencing events in short decodable passages

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Comprehension

Main Idea

• Determining the main idea of a passage

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Technology Can…


• Look up meanings of difficult words or unfamiliar phrases

• Sequence events in a story• Discriminate the parts of a passage

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www.texasat.net

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Tools to Explore

• Inspiration• Kidspiration• Picture It• Writing With Symbols 2000• Communicate: In Print• News-2-You• Scan and read systems

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Inspirationυ An easy-to-use tool designed to map out ideas

in a visual diagram

Survivalskills

Unconsciously so

Unaware of just how much

Key Characteristic

In his unique way

Survival skills

HOLDEN CAULFIELD

Humorous

Poetic

Intelligent

Alienated

Caring Spiritual

Sensitive

Unhappy

Does he represent every

teenager's struggle for

independence?

Character Web: Catcher in the Rye

Troubled

Worried

Confused

Sarcastic

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Kidspirationυ An easy-to-use tool for younger students

designed to map out ideas in a visual diagram

SchoolThings I likeHome

1 Tell about yourself by dragging symbols into the

SuperGrouper shapes.

2 Change to Writing view to

add details.

All About

Me!

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Software for Picture Support

Picture ItCommunicate: In Print

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News-2-You

http://www.news-2-you.com

Weekly Publication9-16 pages3-4 of current events

JokeRecipeActivity PageAdditional Pages to

Personalize

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In Conclusion…

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Documents

Slide 2 A Professional Development Module - texasat.net · Slide 1 1 Technology Supports for ... –Restate the difficult sentence or passage in own words ... • Understanding a