Slide 1

Section 3.1Section 3.1The Elements

Objectives:

• To learn about the relative abundances of the elements

• To learn the names of some elements

• To learn the symbols of some elements

Slide 2

Chapter 3Chapter 3ElementsElementsAtomsAtomsIonsIons

Slide 3

Abundance of ElementsAbundance of ElementsDistribution of the 18 Most Abundant Elements in the Distribution of the 18 Most Abundant Elements in the

Earth’s Crust, Oceans and AtmosphereEarth’s Crust, Oceans and AtmosphereElementElement Mass %Mass % ElementElement Mass %Mass %OxygenOxygen 49.249.2 TitaniumTitanium 0.580.58SiliconSilicon 25.725.7 ChlorineChlorine 0.190.19

AluminumAluminum 7.57.5 PhosphorusPhosphorus 0.110.11IronIron 4.714.71 ManganeseManganese 0.090.09

CalciumCalcium 3.393.39 CarbonCarbon 0.080.08SodiumSodium 2.632.63 SulfurSulfur 0.060.06

PotassiumPotassium 2.402.40 BariumBarium 0.040.04MagnesiumMagnesium 1.931.93 NitrogenNitrogen 0.030.03HydrogenHydrogen 0.870.87 FluorineFluorine 0.030.03

All othersAll others 0.490.49

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Abundance of ElementsAbundance of ElementsTop Ten Elements in Top Ten Elements in

the Human Bodythe Human BodyElementElement Mass %Mass %OxygenOxygen 65.065.0CarbonCarbon 18.018.0

HydrogenHydrogen 10.010.0NitrogenNitrogen 3.03.0CalciumCalcium 1.41.4

PhosphorusPhosphorus 1.01.0MagnesiumMagnesium 0.50.5PotassiumPotassium 0.340.34

SulfurSulfur 0.260.26SodiumSodium 0.140.14

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What is an element, anyway?What is an element, anyway?

Microscopic Form – Single Atom of an element

Macroscopic Form – Sample of an element large enough to weigh on a balance

Generic Form – When we say the human body contains the element sodium, we do not mean that free elemental sodium is present. Rather, we mean that atoms of these elements are present in some form.

Slide 6

Trace ElementsTrace ElementsIn our bodies

Chromium – assists in metabolism of sugar

Cobalt – found in Vitamin B12

Iodine – vital for proper thyroid function

Manganese – helps maintain calcium levels in bones

Copper – Helps in production of red blood cells

In behaviorLithium – bipolar disorder,

Cobalt – study in Illinois prison shows an inverse relationship between traces of cobalt in prisoners hair and violence

Slide 7

Element SymbolsElement Symbols

Names and Symbols of the Most Common ElementsNames and Symbols of the Most Common ElementsElementElement SymbolSymbol ElementElement SymbolSymbol ElementElement SymbolSymbol

IronIron FeFe HydrogenHydrogen HH AluminumAluminum AlAl

TinTin SbSb HeliumHelium HeHe PhosphoruPhosphoruss

PP

IodineIodine II LithiumLithium LiLi ChlorineChlorine ClCl

SiliconSilicon SiSi SulfurSulfur SS ArgonArgon ArAr

BoronBoron BB CarbonCarbon CC PotassiumPotassium KK

LeadLead PbPb NitrogenNitrogen NN CalciumCalcium CaCa

SodiumSodium NaNa OxygenOxygen OO BromineBromine BrBr

MagnesiumMagnesium MgMg FluorineFluorine FF SilverSilver AgAg

MercuryMercury HgHg NeonNeon NeNe GoldGold AuAu