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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
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6.1 Organizing the Elements
In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.
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Organizing the Elements >
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Searching For an Organizing Principle
Searching For an Organizing Principle
How did chemists begin to organize the
known elements?
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle
Chemists used the properties of elements
to sort them into groups.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle
Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very
similar chemical properties.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements >
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Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
How did Mendeleev organize his
periodic table?
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev arranged the elements in his
periodic table in order of increasing
atomic mass.
The periodic table can be used to predict the
properties of undiscovered elements.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements >
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The Periodic Law
The Periodic Law
How is the modern periodic table
organized?
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law
In the modern periodic table, elements
are arranged in order of increasing
atomic number.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law
The periodic law:When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
• The properties of the elements within a period change as you move across a period from left to right.
• The pattern of properties within a period repeats as you move from one period to the next.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements >
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Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
What are three broad classes of
elements?
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals
Metals are good conductors of heat and electric
current.
• 80% of elements are metals.
•Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable.
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Nonmetals
In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
•Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
•A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus.
•One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metalloids
A metalloid generally has properties that are
similar to those of metals and nonmetals.
The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by
changing conditions.
6.1