Skin and Immune System

Nicole Kim and Jay Ahn

Skin covers and protects body from:

injury

infection

water loss

eliminates wastes

gather information about the env’t

produce vitamin D

protecting the body

forms a barrier that keeps disease causing microorganisms and harmful substances out of the body

helps keep important substances inside the body

prevents loss of important fluids like water

Maintaining Temperature

When you are too warm, blood vessels in your skin enlarge, increasing the amount of blood that flows through them

•This change allow heat to move from your body to the outside by sweat glands in the skin producing perspiration

•As the sweat evaporates, the skin is cooled

Eliminating Wastes

• Perspiration contains dissolved waste materials that comes from the breakdown of chemicals during cellular processes

• Skin is helping eliminate wastes when you perspire

• Wastes coming from breakdown of proteins are eliminated in perspiration

Gathering Information

the skin gathers information about the environment through the sense of touch

(e.g.) senses heat, cold, softness, hardness, the shape and size of an object

Skin Parts

Sweat Glands

coiled, tube like glands found in the dermis or the lower part of the skin

2 to 4 million sweat glands

across the body

most are eccrine glands

Skin disorders

related to epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.

can be due to bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.

sign of imbalance in your system

Pathogens

pathogens- organisms that cause disease

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Protists

Skin Disorders

include diseases such as:

acne - an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papule or pustules or comedones

skin cancer - Skin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes.

Cause of Skin Cancer

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer

UV rays damage DNA, the genetic material that makes up genes

If the genetic damage is severe, a normal skin cell may begin to grow in the uncontrolled, disorderly way of cancer cells

Signs of Skin Cancer

A new growth on the skin.

A change in an existing skin growth.

A sore that does not heal.

Signs of Skin Cancer (continued)

How To Prevent Skin Cancer

reduce sun exposure

shade your skin

remember about reflection

avoid tanning salons

examine your moles and your freckles

Why Do Acne Form?

Acne is a skin disorder which is caused

by plugged pores on the skin

It occurs when the pores plugs up

How To Prevent Acne

Don’t mess with your skin

Don’t go to bed with makeup on

Try to wash your skin constantly

Pull your hair away from your skin before you sleep

Immune system

-body system that protects the organism by fighting off pathogens

The body system in humans and other animals that protects the organism by distinguishing foreign tissue and neutralizing potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.

Different Kinds Of Immunity

Innate Immunity : is a general protection humans have when born

Adaptive Immunity : immunity that develops through the course of our lives

Passive Immunity : is borrowed from another source and lasts for a short time

Active Immunity: is immunity that develops after one has already had a disease

Active Immunity

a person obtains active immunity when their own immune system produces antibodies in response to presence of a pathogen

results from getting a disease or being vaccinated

lasts long

ex: chicken pox

Passive Immunity

A person obtains passive immunity when antibodies that fight the pathogen come from a source other than the person’s body

results when antibodies are given to a person

lasts short (no more than a few months)

ex: babies acquiring passive immunity to some diseases before birth

What Is The Immune System Made Up Of?Killer T Cells : help destroy the virus

B Cells : factories in our body that make antibodies

Skin : the first layer of defense which keeps out harmful bacteria outside the body

Helper T Cells : helps find harmful pathogen

1st, 2nd, 3rd Lines of Defense

1st Line of Defense : the skin

2nd Line of Defense : white blood cells, T cells

3rd Line of Defense : attack through release of antibodies

Bibliographyhttp://www.skindisordersatoz.com/

wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_cancerhttp

http://www.healthunit.org/sunsafety/8ways.htm

http://www.mamashealth.com/skin/preacne.asp

http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/immune.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDYL4x1Q6uU

http://pharyngula.org/~pzmyers/MyersLab/teaching/Bi104/l08/def3.html

http://biology.about.com/cs/anatomy/a/aa022604a.htm

http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/skin/disorders/001.html

Bibliography

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19679.jpg

http://www.medicalwellnesscenter.com/AcneGrade3.jpg

http://www.plasmetic.com/images/melanoma-skin-cancer.jpg

http://z.about.com/d/accessories/1/0/9/0/-/-/sw-oversized-celebrity-sunglasses.jpg

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cdc.gov/CANCER/00_images/skin/sunscreen_glow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cdc.gov/CANCER/skin/chooseyourcover/SunDay-brochure.htm&usg=__EB8yCTl9qIqnALkEv_iGXyfFabc=&h=240&w=240&sz=36&hl=en&start=12&um=1&tbnid=szMfNTiN42Z27M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsunscreen%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1