Sistem Pakar Waris Islam

7/22/2019 Sistem Pakar Waris Islam

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VOPDHCDHEDH SKSÔJ VDMDP VOJ@DEKDH UDPKS

JOH_P_^ B_M_J KSLDJ (ADPDKN)

^_EDS DMBKP

Nkdgumdh _htum Jojohubk Sydrdt Molulusdh

Vdnd Vrierdj Strdtd Sdtu ômhkm Khairjdtkmd

Ilob7

Pknwdh Sotkdwdh

HPV 7 6561653

G_P_SDH ÔMHKM KHAIPJD^KMD

SOMILDB ^KHEEK ÔMHILIEK EDP_^

0640


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LOJ@DP VOHEOSDBDH

VOPDHCDHEDH SKSÔJ VDMDP VOJ@DEKDH UDPKS JOH_P_^

B_M_J KSLDJ (ADPDKN)

Nksusuh Ilob7

Pknwdh Sotkdwdh

HPV 7 6561653

Ldpirdh ûeds Dmbkr khk Nksotuguk Vdhktkd Skndhe ûeds Dmbkr So`dedk

Molohemdpdh ûeds Dmbkr, ^dbuh Dmdnojkm 0640/0643

Johyotuguk7

Nisoh Voj`kj`khe K

Nr. Nkhk Nostkdhk SA, J^.

HKV7 4306??1>6

Nisoh Voj`kj`khe KK

Copy Sldjot, J.Mij.

HKNH7 6>0?602663

Joheotdbuk

Motud Gurusdh ômhkm Khairjdtkmd

Ork Sdtrkd, J.Sk

HKV7 43034>01?


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k

Pknwdh Sotkdwdh, 6561653

Vordhcdhedh Skstoj Vdmdr Voj`dekdh Udrks Johurut Bumuj Ksldj (Adrdkn).

nk `dwdb `kj`khedh7

Nr. Nkhk Nostkdhk, J.^ soldmu Voj`kj`khe K

Copy Sldjot, J.Mij soldmu Voj`kj`khe KK4>> Bdldjdh + xk/ 03 ^dòl/ 5? Edj`dr/ 04 Vustdmd (4;;>-0640)/ 0 Ldjpkrdh

D@S^PDM

Vojdsdldbdh wdrks sorkhe mdlk johgdnk mruskdl ydhe tormdndhe jojkcu

portkmdkdh ndh johkjùlmdh morotdmdh buùhedh moludred, `dbmdh `ksd sdjpdk

dmk`dt wdrks khk torgdnk tkhndmdh mrkjkhdl soportk pojùhubdh. Vorjdsdldbdh

utdjd dndldb tkndm sojud irdhe jdjpu ndldj joldmumdh pohohtudh gujldb

pripirsk uhtum sotkdp dblk wdrks, sobkheed nkùtubmdh soirdhe dblk (pdmdr) ydhe

ndpdt joj`dhtu ndldj joldmumdh porbktuhedh.

Jordhcdhe skstoj pdmdr poj`dekdh wdrks Ksldj (adrdkn) nkbdrdpmdh

ndpdt joj`dhtu jojocdbmdh porjdsdldbdh ndldj johebktuhe bdrtd wdrks ydhe

nkndsdrmdh pdnd bumuj Ksldj. Bdrtd wdrksdh (tkrmdb) bdrusldb òrupd hkldk udhe

ndh ùmdh `drdhe, dpd`kld ydhe nktkheedlmdh `drdhe jdmd so`dkmhyd

nkmihvorskmdh ndbulu mopdnd hkldk udhe. Dpd`kld torndpdt wdskdt pdnd bdrtd

wdrksdh ydhe nktkheedlmdh, jdmd wdskdt tkndm ìlob lo`kb ndrk 4/3 (soportked)

gujldb bdrtd(tkrmdb) ydhe nktkheedlmdh.

Skstoj ydhe nkrdhcdhe joheeuhdmdh jotiniliek poheoj`dhedh skstoj

pdmdr ndrk Gbih Nurmkh ndldj joj`dheuh `dsks poheotdbudh ndldj òhtum

dturdh-dturdh ydhe nkeuhdmdh ndldj pohohtudh pripirsk uhtum dblk wdrks.

Dndpuh ndldj romdydsd pordhemdt luhdm joheeuhdmdh jotiniliek Pdtkihdl_hkakon Vriccoss nohedh joheeuhdmdh _JL so`dk tiil ndldj pordhcdhedh

skstoj.

Skstoj pdmdr wdrks Ksldj khk johyonkdmdh adsklktds òrupd bdldjdh ydhe

òrksk joheohdk noakhksk wdrks, ndlkl-ndlkl wdrks, pdrd dblk wdrks òsortd `dekdh

ndh sydrdthyd, porjdsdldbdh ndldj wdrks Ksldj, ndh poj`dekdh wdrks.

Voj`dekdh wdrks ilob skstoj nk`dek mopdnd ojpdt ldhemdb, ydhe portdjd

nktdhydmdh dndldb gujldb bdrtd, monud dmdh nktdhydmdh bdm-bdm ydhe bdrus

nkpohubk, motked dmdh nktdhydmdh pdrd dblk wdrks, ndh moojpdt dmdh nktdjpklmdh

bdskl ndrk porbktuhedh ydhe sosudk nohedh dturdh-dturdh ndldj wdrks Ksldj.

Mdtd Muhck7 Skstoj pdmdr, Udrks Ksldj, Skstoj pdmdr òr`dsks wo`, Voj`dekdhUdrks Ksldj, Skstoj pdmdr wdrks,Adrdkn.


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kk

MD^D VOHEDH^DP

Vugk ndh syumur pohulks pdhgdtmdh mobdnkrdt Dlldb SU^ dtds lkjpdbdh

rdbjdt, bkndydb sortd mdruhkd-Hyd sobkheed pohulks ndpdt johyolosdkmdh Ldpirdh

ûeds Dmbkr khk. Sbdldwdt sortd sdldj tdm lupd pohulks curdbmdh mopdnd Hd`k

@osdr Jubdjjdn SDU, mopdnd pdrd moludredhyd, sdbd`dt-sdbd`dthyd, td`kkh

ndh kt`duttd`kkh bkheed sdjpdk mopdnd mktd ujdt dmbkr gdjdh.

Ldpirdh khk nksusuh so`dedk sdldb sdtu sydrdt molulusdh uhtum johojpub

gohgdhe Strdtd Sdtu (S4) nk Gurusdh ômhkm Khairjdtkmd Somildb ^kheek ômhiliek

Edrut (S^^-Edrut).

Ndldj pohyusuhdh Ldpirdh ûeds Dmbkr khk pohulks `dhydm somdlkjohndpdtmdh `dhtudh, nirihedh, `kj`khedh ndh potuhgum ndrk òr`dedk pkbdm,

ilob mdrohd ktu rdsd torkjd mdskb ndh pohebdreddh ydhe sotkheek-tkheekhyd pohulks

sdjpdkmdh mopdnd ydhe torbirjdt7

4. Dydbdhnd Ilkb Silkb ndh Kùhnd Nono Sydrkadb ydhe tdm joheohdl loldbjojporgudhemdh ndh johnknkm sortd jojòrkmdh numuhedh `dkm jirkl

jdupuh jdtorkl ndrk juldk pohulks nkldbkrmdh bkheed sddt khk, sojied dpd ydhe

joromd toldb ldmumdh johgdnk djdldh ydhe nktorkjd nk sksk Dlldb SU^.

0. Sdundrk ndh Sdundrdmu ydhe torckhtd, Hksd, Vurwd, Akmrk, Pkzdl ndhmopihdmdhmu Dnlkh ydhe soldlu jojùdt sudsdhd corkd.

3. @dpdm Vria. Nr. B. J. Dlk Pdjnbdhk, S^V, J^., soldmu Motud Somildb ^kheekômhiliek Edrut ydhe johgdnk khspkrdsk uhtum pohulks uhtum johekmutk gogdm

mosumsosdhhyd.

>. Kù Nr. Nkhk Nostkdhk, J. Mij soldmu poj`kj`khe K ydhe toldb `dhydmjoludhemdh wdmtu, tohded ndh pkmkrdhhyd ndldj jojòrkmdh jitkvdsk ndh

drdbdh ndldj pohyusuhdh tueds dmbkr khk.

?. @dpdm Copy Sldjot, J. Mij soldmu poj`kj`khe KK ydhe toldb `dhydmjoludhemdh wdmtu, tohded ndh pkmkrdh ndldj jojòrkmdh jitkvdsk ndh

drdbdh sortd soldlu jojòrk drdbdh ndh soldlu jojòrkmdh khspkrdsk `dek

pohulks ndldj pohyusuhdh tueds dmbkr khk.

1. @dpdm Ork Sdtrkd, J. Sk soldmu Motud Gurusdh ômhkm Khairjdtkmd.5. @dpdm Pkhnd Cdbydhd, S^, J^, soldmu Somrotdrks Gurusdh ômhkm Khairjdtkmd.


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kkk

2. Sdbd`dt-sdbd`dt soporgudhedh ômhkm Khairjdtkmd 0665 Molds D torutdjdeohe F-skx (Dnul, Dcit, Dpkb, Dtihe, ndh Dnuh) ydhe soldlu òrcdhnd rkd

òrsdjd, gded torus momijpdmdh mktd.

;. Dnkm-dnkm dhemdtdh mbusushyd ^rk Knoit ydhe sdldb sdtuhyd dndldb dnkmmdhnuhe pohulks, ndh dnkmmu ksjd.

46.Sosoirdhe ydhe soldlu jojòrkmdh jitkvdsk mopdnd pohulks, torkjd mdskb dtdspoheortkdh ndh porbdtkdhyd,. Sojied dpd ydhe mktd cktd-cktdmdh òrsdjd `ksd

torwugun.. Djkh.

44.Solurub stda nisoh ndh ckvktds dmdnojkm nk Somildb ^kheek ômhiliek Edrut.Vohulks johydndrk `dbwd ndldj pohyusuhdh Ldpirdh ûeds Dmbkr khk

jdskb gdub ndrk mosojpurhddh, ilob mdrohd ktu mrktkm ndh sdrdh ydhe joj`dheuh

nojk por`dkmdh nk jdsd ydhe dmdh ndtdhe soldlu pohulks hdhtkmdh. Dmbkrhyd

pohulks òrbdrdp sojied Ldpirdh ûeds Dmbkr khk ndpdt òrjdhaddt `dek pohulks

mbusushyd ndh `dek pdrd poj`dcd pdnd ujujhyd. Djkh

Edrut, Soptojòr 0640

Vohulks


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kv

NDA^DP KSK

Bdldjdh

D@S^DM............................................................................................................... k

MD^D VOHEDH^DP.......................................................................................... kk

NDA^DP KSK........................................................................................................ kv

NDA^DP EDJ@DP......................................................................................... vkkk

NDA^DP D@OL............................................................................................... xk

@D@ K 7 VOHNDB_L_DH.............................................................................. 4

4.4. Ldtdr @oldmdhe Jdsdldb .................................................................................. 4

4.0.Knohtkakmdsk Jdsdldb ......................................................................................... 34.3.^ugudh Voholktkdh ............................................................................................. 3

4.>.@dtdsdh Jdsdldb ............................................................................................... 3

4.?.Jotiniliek Voholktkdh ...................................................................................... >

4.?.4.Jotino Voheujpuldh Ndtd ................................................................... >4.?.0.Jotino Voheoj`dhedh Skstoj Vdmdr..................................................... >4.?.3.Jotino Voheoj`dhedh Vordhemdt Luhdm ............................................. 1

4.1.Skstojdtkmd Vohulksdh ...................................................................................... 2

@D@ KK 7 LDHNDSDH OIPK ....................................................................... 46

0.4.Mocorndsdh @udtdh (Drtkakckdl Khtoloeohco) ................................................... 46

0.0.Vohedhtdr Skstoj Vdmdr .................................................................................. 44

0.3.Ckrk ndh Mdrdmtorkstkm ..................................................................................... 43

0.>.Vor`dhnkhedh Skstoj Mihvohskihdl ndh Skstoj Vdmdr .................................. 4>

0.?.Mdtoeirk Skstoj Vdmdr .................................................................................... 4>

0.1.Adso-Adso Voheoj`dhedh Skstoj Vdmdr ........................................................ 41

0.5.Skstoj Vdmdr @or`dsks Dturdh ........................................................................ 4;

0.2.Drsktomtur Skstoj Vdmdr @or`dsks Dturdh ....................................................... 06

0.;.Poprosohtdsk Voheotdbudh .............................................................................. 03

0.;.4.Jinol roprosohtdsk poheotdbudh ......................................................... 030.;.4.4.Jinol liekmd ..................................................................................... 030.;.4.0.Jinol gdrkhedh sojdhtkm ................................................................... 0>0.;.4.3.Jinol i`goct-dttrk`uto-vdluo(IDQ) ................................................. 0>0.;.4.>.Jinol `khemdk (ardjo) ...................................................................... 0?0.;.4.?.Jinol mdkndb prinumsk ...................................................................... 0?


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v

Bdldjdh

0.46.Khaorohsk ...................................................................................................... 050.46.4.Airwdrn cbdkhkhe .............................................................................. 050.46.0.@dcmwdrn cbdkhkhe............................................................................ 02

0.44.@dsks Ndtd ................................................................................................... 020.44.4. Noakhksk `dsks ndtd ............................................................................ 020.44.0. Jinol ohtkty-roldtkihsbkp .................................................................. 0;0.44.3. Nkderdj ohtkty-roldtkihsbkp(nkderdj O-P) ...................................... 0;0.44.>. Vojotddh Mdrnkhdlktds ....................................................................... 360.44.?.Hirjdlksdsk ........................................................................................ 30

0.40.Pdtkihdl _hkakon Vricoss(P_V) ................................................................ 3>0.40.4. Adso-adso ndldjPdtkihdl _hkakon Vricoss ................................................. 310.40.0. UirmaliwpdndPoldtkihdl _hkakon Vricoss ................................................ >60.40.3. Molo`kbdh ndh Momurdhedh ndldjPdtkihdl _hkakon Vriccoss ................... >?

0.43._JL (_hkakon Jinolkhe Ldheudeo) ......................................................... >10.43.4. Voheortkdh _JL (_hkakon Jinolkhe Ldheudeo) ............................... >10.43.0. Voheohdldh _JL ............................................................................... >10.43.3.

Nkderdj _JL ................................................................................... ?6

0.43.3.4. _so Cdso .................................................................................. ?60.43.3.0.Dctkvkty Nkderdj ....................................................................... ?40.43.3.3. Soquohco Nkderdj ................................................................... ?00.43.3.>. Cldss Nkderdj ......................................................................... ?30.43.3.?. Stdtocbdrt Nkderdj ................................................................. ?>0.43.3.1. Cilld`irdtkih Nkderdj ........................................................... ?>0.43.3.5. Cijpihoht Nkderdj ............................................................... ?>0.43.3.2.Novliyjoht Nkderdj ............................................................... ??0.43.3.;. I`goct Nkderdj ....................................................................... ??

0.4>.VBV ............................................................................................................. ??0.4?.JySTL ........................................................................................................ ?10.41.Bumuj Udrks Ksldj (Adrdkn) .................................................................... ?5

0.41.4. Noakhksk wdrks .................................................................................... ?50.41.0. Dydt wdrks ......................................................................................... ?20.41.3. Bdm-bdm ydhe @ormdktdh nohedh Bdrtd Vohkheedldh .......................... ?;0.41.>. Pumuh, Sydrdt ndh So`d` Udrksdh .................................................... 16


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vk

Bdldjdh

0.41.>.4. Pumuh wdrks ............................................................................. 160.41.>.0. Sydrdt wdrks ............................................................................. 160.41.>.3. So`d` johndpdt wdrks ............................................................. 140.41.>.>. Voheueur Bdm Udrks ................................................................ 10

0.41.?. Eilihedh Dblk Udrks ........................................................................ 100.41.1. ^khemdtdh Dblk Udrks ........................................................................ 130.41.5. Voj`dekdh Udrksdh Johurut KljuAdrdkn ...................................... 1>0.41.2.Dsbd`db .............................................................................................. 150.41.;.Dl-Bugu`............................................................................................. 1;

@D@ KKK 7 JOÎNILIEK VOHOLK^KDH .................................................... 53

3.4.Smojd Morgd Voholktkdh .................................................................................. 53

3.4.4.Jotino Voheujpuldh Ndtd ................................................................. 5>3.4.0.Vohkldkdh (dssossjoht) ......................................................................... 5?3.4.3.Dmuksksk Voheotdbudh .......................................................................... 5?3.4.>.Poprosohtdsk Voheotdbudh ................................................................... 513.4.?.Voheoj`dhedh JoskhKhaorohsk ............................................................5;3.4.1. Khsopsk (Khcoptkih) ............................................................................... 263.4.5.Oldìrdsk (Oldìrdtkih) ....................................................................... 243.4.2.Mihstrumsk (Cihstructkih) ................................................................... 24

3.0.Sujòr Ndyd Voholktkdh ................................................................................. 20

@D@ KQ 7 KJVLOJOH^DSK PDHCDHE @DHE_H ................................... 2>

>.4.Vohkldkdh (dssossjoht) ................................................................................... 2>

>.4.4. Vohnoakhkskdh jdsdldb ....................................................................... 2>>.0.Dmuksksk Voheotdbudh ..................................................................................... 2?>.3.Poprosohtdsk Voheotdbudh ndh Voheojdhe`dhedh Joskh Khaorohsk .............. 22

>.3.4. Vibih moputusdh ndh mdkndb prinumsk .............................................. ;6>.>.Khsopsk (Khcoptkih) ........................................................................................ 465

>.>.4.@uskhoss Cdso .................................................................................... 465>.>.>.4. ^dreot Voheeuhd ............................................................... 465>.>.>.0. Pkhckdh Vorsydrdtdh ........................................................... 465

>.?.Oldìrdsk (Oldìrdtkih) ................................................................................ 446

>.?.4._so Cdso Jinol................................................................................. 444


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vkk

Bdldjdh

>.?.4.4. _so cdso jojùmd bdldjdh bijo .......................................... 440>.?.4.0. _so cdsojojùmd bdldjdh tohtdhe wdrks .............................. 440>.?.4.3. _so cdsojojùmd bdldjdh bktuhe wdrks ............................... 443>.?.4.>. _so cdsojolkbdt porjdsdldbdh ............................................... 44>>.?.4.?. _so cdso jolkbdt khairjdsk poheoj`dhe ................................. 44?

>.?.0.Squohco Nkderdj .............................................................................. 441>.?.0.4. Squohco nkderdj jojùmd bdldjdh bijo ............................. 441>.?.0.0. Squohco nkderdj jojùmd bdldjdh tohtdhe wdrks ................ 441>.?.0.3. Squohco nkderdjbktuhe wdrks ................................................. 445>.?.0.>. Squohco nkderdjjolkbdt porjdsdldbdh .................................. 442>.?.0.?. Squohco nkderdjjolkbdt khairjdsk poheoj`dhe ................... 44;

>.?.3.Cldss Nkderdj ................................................................................... 44;>.?.>.Dctkvkty Nkderdj ............................................................................... 406>.?.?.Ndtd`dso ............................................................................................. 404

>.?.?.4. Vordhcdhedh strumtur tdòl ....................................................... 400>.?.?.0. Vohordpdh dtrkùt ndh tkpo ndtd ................................................ 400>.?.?.3. VordhcdhedhOhtkty Poldtkihsbkp Nkderdj(OPN) .................. 403

>.1.Mihstrumsk (Cihstructkih) ............................................................................ 403

>.1.4.Strumtur Johu .................................................................................... 403>.1.0.Stiry @idrn (Pdhcdhedh Dhtdrjumd) ............................................... 40>>.1.3.^djpkldh Skstoj ................................................................................ 402>.1.>.ôstkhe ............................................................................................... 402

>.1.>.4. ûgudh tostkhe ........................................................................... 402>.1.>.0.

Mdsus tostkhe ............................................................................ 402

>.1.>.3. Voldmsdhddh tostkhe .................................................................. 40;@D@ Q 7 MOSKJV_LDH NDH SDPDH ..................................................... 430

?.4.Moskjpuldh .................................................................................................. 430

?.0.Sdrdh ............................................................................................................ 430


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vkkk

NDA^DP EDJ@DP

Bdldjdh

Edj`dr 4.4 Strumtur @dedh Skstoj Vdmdr .............................................................. 0

Edj`dr 4.0 ^dbdp Voheoj`dhedh Skstoj Vdmdr .................................................. 1

Edj`dr 4.3 DrsktomturPdtkihdl _hkakon Vricoss .................................................. 5

Edj`dr 0.4. Adso-adso ndldj poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr ................................. 41

Edj`dr 0.0 Jinol skstoj prinumsk ..................................................................... 4;

Edj`dr 0.3 Drsktomtur skstoj pdmdr òr`dsks dturdh ........................................... 06

Edj`dr 0.> Poprosohtdsk gdrkhedh sojdhtkm ........................................................ 0>

Edj`dr 0.? Dleirktjdairwdrn cbdkhkhe ............................................................ 05

Edj`dr 0.1 Buùhedh Iho-ti-Iho ..................................................................... 36

Edj`dr 0.5 Cihtib roldsk Iho-ti-Iho ................................................................ 36

Edj`dr 0.2 Buùhedh Iho-ti-Jdhy ................................................................... 34

Edj`dr 0.; Cihtib roldsk Iho-ti-Jdhy .............................................................. 34

Edj`dr 0.46 BuùhedhJdhy-ti-Iho ................................................................. 34

Edj`dr 0.44 Cihtib roldskJdhy-ti-Iho ............................................................ 30

Edj`dr 0.40 BuùhedhJdhy-ti-Jdhy .............................................................. 30

Edj`dr 0.43 Cihtib roldskJdhy-ti-Jdhy ......................................................... 30

Edj`dr 0.4> DrsktomturPdtkihdl _hkakon Vricoss .............................................. 31

Edj`dr 0.4> _hsur-uhsur pojòhtum _JL ........................................................ >1

Edj`dr 0.4? Molds ............................................................................................... >5

Edj`dr 0.41 Soùdb khtoradco/dhtdr-jumd .......................................................... >2

Edj`dr 0.45 cilldìrdtkihs ................................................................................ >2

Edj`dr 0.42 _so Cdso ......................................................................................... >2Edj`dr 0.4;.Hinos/skjpul .................................................................................. >;

Edj`dr 0.06.Noponohcy ..................................................................................... >;

Edj`dr 0.04.Dssickdtkih .................................................................................... >;

Edj`dr 0.00. Eohordlkzdtkih ............................................................................... >;

Edj`dr 0.03.Podlkzdtkih ..................................................................................... ?6

Edj`dr 3.4 Smojd Morgd Voholktkdh .................................................................. 53

Edj`dr 3.0 Vibih buùhedh moludred ydhe johndpdtmdh wdrks ...................... 52

Edj`dr >.4 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Dhdm Ldmk-Ldmk .......................... ;6


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kx

Bdldjdh

Edj`dr >.0 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Dhdm Vorojpudh ........................ ;4

Edj`dr >.3 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Cucu Ldmk-Ldmk .......................... ;4

Edj`dr >.> Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Cucu Vorojpudh ........................ ;0

Edj`dr >.? Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh @dpdm ......................................... ;0

Edj`dr >.1 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Kù .............................................. ;3

Edj`dr >.5 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Sudjk ......................................... ;3

Edj`dr >.2 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Kstrk ............................................. ;>

Edj`dr >.; Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Mdmom ......................................... ;>

Edj`dr >.46 Vibih moputusdh mdndr wdrksdh Hohom ndrk @dpdm ....................... ;?

Edj`dr >.44 Vibih moputusdh mdndr wdrksdh Hohom ndrk Kù ............................ ;?

Edj`dr >.40 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Sdundrd Mdhnuhe ..................... ;?

Edj`dr >.43 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Sdundrk Mdhnuhe ...................... ;1

Edj`dr >.4> Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Sdundrd So`dpdm ...................... ;5

Edj`dr >.4? Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Sdundrk So`dpdm ....................... ;2

Edj`dr >.41 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Sdundrd Sokù .......................... ;;

Edj`dr >.45 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Sdundrk Sokù .......................... 466

Edj`dr >.42 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Vutrd ndrk Sdundrd Mdhnuhe .. 464

Edj`dr >.4; Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Dhdm Ldmk-ldmk Sdundrd

So`dpdm ............................................................................................................... 460

Edj`dr >.06 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Vdjdh Mdhnuhe ..................... 463

Edj`dr >.04 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Vdjdh So`dpdm ...................... 46>

Edj`dr >.00 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Dhdm Vdjdh Mdhnuhe ........... 46?

Edj`dr >.03 Vibih Moputusdh Mdndr Udrksdh Dhdm Vdjdh So`dpdm ............ 461

Edj`dr >.0> Nkderdj _so CdsoSkstoj Vdmdr .................................................. 444Edj`dr >.0? _so Cdso Jojùmd Bdldjdh Bijo ........................................... 440

Edj`dr >.01 _so Cdso Jojùmd Bdldjdh ôhtdhe Udrks ............................. 440

Edj`dr >.05 _so Cdso Bktuhe Udrks ................................................................ 443

Edj`dr >.02_so Cdso Jolkbdt Vorjdsdldbdh .................................................. 44>

Edj`dr >.0;_so Cdso Jolkbdt Khairjdsk Voheoj`dhe ................................... 44?

Edj`dr >.36 Squohco Nkderdj Jojùmd BdldjdhBijo .............................. 441

Edj`dr >.34 Squohco Nkderdj uhtum Jojùmd Bdldjdh ôhtdhe Udrks ...... 445

Edj`dr >.30 Squohco Nkderdj Bktuhe Udrks ................................................. 442


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Bdldjdh

Edj`dr >.33 Squohco Nkderdj Jolkbdt Vorjdsdldbdh ................................... 442

Edj`dr >.3> Squohco Nkderdj Jolkbdt Khairjdsk Voheoj`dhe .................... 44;

Edj`dr >.3? Cldss Nkderdj Skstoj pdmdr poj`dekdh wdrks johurut bumuj Ksldj

............................................................................................................................. 406

Edj`dr >.31 Dctkvkty Nkderdj Skstoj pdmdr poj`dekdh wdrks johurut bumuj

Ksldj ................................................................................................................... 404

Edj`dr >.35 Vordhcdhedh mihomsk ndtd`dso pdnd skstoj ................................. 404

Edj`dr >.32 Vordhcdhedh OPN ndtd`dso wdrks ................................................ 403

Edj`dr >.3; Strumtur johu skstoj pdmdr poj`dekdh wdrks johurut bumuj Ksldj

............................................................................................................................. 40>

Edj`dr >.>6 Pdhcdhedh Dhtdrjumd @ordhnd ................................................... 40>

Edj`dr >.>4 Pdhcdhedh Dhtdrjumd ^ohtdhe Udrks ........................................ 40?

Edj`dr >.>0 Pdhcdhedh Dhtdrjumd Bktuhe Udrks .......................................... 401

Edj`dr >.>3 Pdhcdhedh dhtdrjumd porjdsdldbdh ........................................... 405

Edj`dr >.>> Pdhcdhedh DhtdrjumdD`iut _s ................................................. 405

Edj`dr >.>? ^djpkldh Skstoj _tdjd ............................................................... 402


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xk

NDA^DP D@OL

Bdldjdh

^dòl 0.4 Vor`dhnkhedh dhtdrd pdmdr ndh skstoj pdmdr ....................................... 40

^dòl 0.0 Vor`dhnkhedh skstoj mihvohskihdl ndh skstoj pdmdr .......................... 4>

^dòl 0.3 Poprosohtdsk poheotdbudh nohedh IDQ .............................................. 0?

^dòl 0.> @khemdk morusdmdh ldptip ..................................................................... 0?

^dòl 0.? Hitdsk ydhe nkeuhdmdh ndldj nkderdj O-P ........................................ 36

^d`lo 0.1. Hitdsk _so Cdso Nkderdj ................................................................... ?4

^d`lo 0.5Dctkvkty Nkderdj .................................................................................. ?0

^d`lo 0.2 Soquohco Nkderdj ............................................................................... ?3

^dòl 0.; Hitdsk Cldss Nkderdj .......................................................................... ?3

^dòl 3.4 ^dòl cihtib dmuksksk poheotdbudh wdrks Ksldj ................................... 51

^dòl 3.0 pojòrkdhKN uhtum sotkdp dblk wdrks .................................................. 5;

^dòl >.4 Bdskl dmusksk poheotdbudh .................................................................... 21

^dòl >.0 ^dòl cihtib bdskl porbktuhedh ............................................................ 22

^dòl >.3 VojòrkdhKN uhtum sotkdp dblk wdrks .................................................. 2;

^dòl >.> Dmtir òsortd dmtkvktds ydhe nkldmumdh .............................................. 465

^dòl >.? Smohdrki uhtum _so Cdso Bdldjdh@ordhnd ..................................... 440

^dòl >.1 Smohdrki uhtum _so Cdso Jojùmd Bdldjdh ôhtdhe Udrks .......... 443

^dòl >.5 Smohdrki uhtum _so Cdso Bktuhe Udrks ............................................ 44>

^dòl >.2 Smohdrki uhtum _so Cdso @dhtudh ..................................................... 44>

^dòl >.46 Strumtur ^dòl Dblk Udrks ................................................................ 400

^dòl >.44 Strumtur ^dòl @dekdh ...................................................................... 400

^dòl >.40 Strumtur ^dòl Poldsk ....................................................................... 403^dòl >.43 ^dòl ôstkhe ........................................................................................ 40;


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17/168

4

@D@ K

VOHNDB_L_DH

4.4. Ldtdr @oldmdhe JdsdldbNdldj mobknupdh sobdrk-bdrk, porsidldh wdrks sorkhe mdlk johgdnk mruskdl

ydhe tormdndhe jojkcu portkmdkdh ndh johkjùlmdh morotdmdh buùhedh

moludred, `dbmdh `ksd sdjpdk dmk`dt wdrks khk torgdnk tkhndmdh mrkjkhdl soportk

pojùhubdh. Skadt dldjkdb jdhuskd ydhe soldlu khekh johndpdtmdh sosudtu bdl

ydhe lo`kb `dhydm ndldj bdl nuhkdwk ndldj bdl khk bdrtd, nksdjpkhe mdrohd

momurdhe tdbudh pkbdm-pkbdm ydhe tormdkt joheohdk bumuj poj`dekdh wdrks,

motor`dtdsdhhyd pdmdr dtdu irdhe-irdhe ydhe joheotdbuk poheotdbudh ndh

modblkdh mbusus ydhe ndpdt jojòrkmdh silusk dtdu òrmihsultdsk nohedh irdhe-

irdhe ydhe jojùtubmdh khairjdsk poj`dekdh wdrks Ksldj.

@dhydm irdhe ydhe joheotdbuk bumuj wdrks totdpk tkndm joheotdbuk

cdrd poj`dekdh wdrks, ndldj bdl khk `dek irdhe juslkj mbusushyd `dkm ydhe

joheeuhdmdh bumuj Ksldj nk hoedrdhyd dtdupuh tkndm. Bumuj wdrks ydhe

òrldmu nk Khnihoskd tornkrk ndrk tked bumuj, ydktu bumuj wdrks @drdt, bumuj

wdrks Ksldj, ndh bumuj wdrks Dndt. Vdnd porkhskphyd bumuj Ksldj jojòrkmdh

mojundbdh `dek jdhuskd mdrohd bumuj torsoùt òrsujòr ndrk sdhe pohckptd

ydhe tortudhe ndldj mktd` suck Dl-Turdh.

Ndldj mktd` suck Dl-Turdh nkgoldsmdh joheohdk bdm jdskhe-jdskhe dblk

wdrks, so`dekdh òsdr nktordhemdh ndldj òòrdpd dydt ydhe golds, bdl torsoùt

nkmdrohdmdh bdrtd ndh poj`dekdhhyd jorupdmdh sujòr motdjdmdh `dek

jdhuskd, so`dekdh òsdr ndrk bdrtd wdrksdh dndldb uhtum prkd ndh wdhktd, òsdr

ndh mockl, joromd ydhe lojdb ndh mudt, sobkheed tkndm torndpdt pdndhydmosojpdtdh uhtum òrpohndpdt dtdu òr`kcdrd nohedh bdwd hdasu. Klju adrdkn

(wdrks Ksldj) jojòrkmdh pohgoldsdh tohtdhe cdrd-cdrd poj`dekdh bdrtd wdrks

ndrk sojud dblk nohedh sdhedt golds.

Momurdheponulkdh ujdt Ksldj torbdndp nkskplkh klju khk jojdhe tkndm

mktd puhemkrk, `dbmdh Kjdj Turtu`k toldb joheksydrdtmdhhyd 7 @otdpd `dhydm

jdhuskd somdrdhe johed`dkmdh kljuadrdkn., soldkh ktu tor`dtdshyd gujldb irdhe


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ydhe joheudsdk klju wdrks (pdmdr) kmut johgdnk pohyo`d` `dhydmhyd irdhe ydhe

tkndm jojdmdk wdrks Ksldj sohnkrk.

Nohedh dndhyd mojdgudh tomhiliek sddt khk, porjdsdldbdh nk dtdstohtuhyd ndpdt nkdtdsk. ômhiliek jdjpu johednipsk prisos ndh cdrd òrpkmkr

jdhuskd ydktu tomhiliek mocorndsdh ùdtdh ydhe jdjpu jojòrkmdh silusk

òrupd moputusdh mopdnd pojdmdkhyd. Skstoj pdmdr dndldb sdldb sdtu `dekdh ndrk

mocorndsdh ùdtdh ydhe johedhnuhe poheotdbudh ndh pohedldjdh ydhe

nkjdsumdh ilob sdtu dtdu `dhydm pdmdr mo ndldj sdtu drod poheotdbudh tortohtu

sobkheed sotkdp irdhe ndpdt joheeuhdmdhhyd uhtum jojocdbmdh òr`dedk

jdsdldb ydhe sposkakm.

ûgudh poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr soòhdrhyd ùmdh uhtum

joheedhtkmdh pordh jdhuskd, totdpk uhtum johsu`stktuskmdh poheotdbudh jdhuskd

mondldj òhtum skstoj, sobkheed ndpdt nkeuhdmdh ilob irdhe `dhydm. _htum

joj`dheuh soùdb skstoj pdmdr bdrus nknumuhe ilob mijpihoh-mijpihoh

skstoj pdmdr ydhe jojpuhydk ckrk ndh mdrdmtorkstkm tortohtu, jksdlhyd

mojuhemkhdh sudtu silusk skstoj pdmdr torbdndp sudtu porjdsdldbdh dndldb

òradrkdsk ndh jojpuhydk `dhydm pklkbdh gdwd`dh ydhe ndpdt nktorkjd sojud

admtir ydhe nktolusurk jojklkmk rudhe jdsdldb ydhe luds ndh tkndm pdstk

(Giekydhti, 0663).

Mijpihoh skstoj pdmdr ndpdt nkedj`drmdh pdnd strumtur `dedh ydhe

ndpdt nklkbdt pdnd Edj`dr 4.4.

Edj`dr 4.4 Strumtur @dedh Skstoj Vdmdr, (Giekydhti, 0663)

@orndsdrmdh pojdpdrdh nk dtds, nkrdsdmdh porlu nk`dheuh soùdb dplkmdsk

ydhe jdjpu jojòrkmdh khairjdsk ndh jojùdt moputusdh joheohdk wdrks.


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Nkjdhd nohedh dplkmdsk khk nkbdrdpmdh ndpdt jojpormohdlmdh, joj`dhtu

jdsydrdmdt mbusushyd ujdt Ksldj uhtum johndpdtmdh khairjdsk ndh johgdldhmdh

mowdgk`dh joldmsdhdmdh bumuj wdrks (adrdkn). @ortildm ndrk ldtdr òldmdhe nk

dtds, poholktkdh khk dmdh nkdrdbmdh pdnd kjplojohtdsk skstoj pdmdr bumuj wdrks

Ksldj (adrdkn), nohedh johedj`kl gunul Vordhcdhedh Skstoj Vdmdr uhtum

Voj`dekdh Udrks Johurut Bumuj Ksldj (Adrdkn).

4.0. Knohtkakmdsk JdsdldbNdrk urdkdh ldtdr òldmdhe nk dtds jdmd ndpdt nkknohtkakmdsk jdsdldb

so`dedk òrkmut 7

4. So`dekdh òsdr irdhe Ksldj murdhe jojdbdjk bumuj wdrks ndhnkporlumdhhyd `dhtudh soirdhe pdmdr ndldj joldmumdh porbktuhedh wdrks

Ksldj=

0. Dndhyd mosulktdh ndldj johcdrk pdmdr ydhe dblk pdnd `kndhe wdrks Ksldj.

4.3. ûgudh Voholktkdhûgudh utdjd poholktkdh khk dndldb joj`dheuh soùdb skstoj pdmdr

uhtum johohtumdh bdm dblk wdrks ndrk pripirsk ydhe nkndpdt ndh gujldb bdrtd

wdrksdh ydhe nktorkjdhyd.

4.>. @dtdsdh JdsdldbNdldj pojùdtdh skstoj pdmdr wdrks Ksldj khk dmdh nk`dtdsk pdnd bdl-bdl

so`dedk òrkmut7

4. Skstoj pdmdr uhtum poj`dekdh bumuj wdrks Ksldj khk tornkrk ndrk 03 dblkwdrks, òrndsdrmdh pormoj`dhedh zdjdh nohedh joheeuhdmdh porbktuhedh

òrndsdrmdh jdnzbd` Kjdj Sydakk=

0. Sujòr poheotdbudh nkdj`kl ndrk ùmu Dl-Dsds Akl klju Adrdkn ndhVoj`dekdh wdrksdh johurut Ksldj. Sortd bdskl mihsultdsk nohedh soirdhe

pdmdr ydhe johedgdr kljuadrdkn=

3. Ndldj joj`dheuh `dsks poheotdbudh ndldj skstoj pdmdr nkeuhdmdhjotiniliek poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr (Nurmkh, 4;;>), sondhe uhtum


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romdydsd pordhemdt luhdm joheeuhdmdh jotiniliek Pdtkihdl _hkakon

Vriccoss (P_V) nohedh pojinoldh _JL=

>. Ndldj poheoj`dhedh skstoj joheeuhdmdh jotiniliek P_V, bdhydnkldmumdh ldhemdb khcoptkih, oldìrdtkih ndh cihstructkih=

?. Dplkmdsk skstoj pdmdr poj`dekdh wdrks khk òr`dsks Uo` nohedhjoheeuhdmdh `dbdsd pojrierdjdh VBV ndh Jy STL.

4.?. Jotiniliek Voholktkdh_htum jojporgolds poj`dbdsdh tueds dmbkr khk, jdmd nkldmumdh

poholktkdh nohedh jotino-jotino ydhe nktordpmdh tdbdp nojk tdbdp, jolkputk 7

4.?.4. Jotino Voheujpuldh Ndtdômhkm poheujpuldh ndtd ydhe nkeuhdmdh ndldj poholktkdh khk dndldb 7

4. _htum joheujpulmdh ndtd prkjor joheeuhdmdh tomhkm 7d. ômhkm Udwdhcdrd, ydktu sudtu tomhkm poheujpuldh ndtd ydhe

nkldmumdh nohedh cdrd johedgumdh portdhyddh socdrd ldhesuhe dtdu

lksdh nohedh òrponijdh pdnd khstrujoh poholktkdh ndldj òhtum

ponijdh wdwdhcdrd uhtum johndpdtmdh gdwd`dh ldhesuhe ndrk

`dekdh-`dekdh ydhe torlk`dt ndldj lkhemup poholktkdh khk.

`. Stunk Nimujohtdsk, ydktu tomhkm poheujpuldh ndtd nohedh cdrdjojpoldgdrk òòrdpd nimujoh, aklo, lktordtur-lktordtur ydhe dnd

buùhedhhyd nohedh jdsdldb poholktkdh, torutdjd nimujoh-nimujoh

tohtdhe motohtudh ydhe òrldmu ydhe skadthyd johekmdt.

0. _htum joheujpulmdh ndtd somuhnor joheeuhdmdh tomhkm stunkmopustdmddh, ydktu sudtu tomhkm poheujpuldh ndtd ydhe nkeuhdmdh uhtum

joheujpulmdh ndtd nohedh cdrd joj`dcd, jojpoldgdrk ndh johedhdlksks

òòrdpd ùmu ydhe òrmdktdh nohedh jdsdldb ydhe òrbuùhedh nohedh

poholktkdh khk.

4.?.0. Jotino Voheoj`dhedh Skstoj VdmdrJotino ydhe nkldmumdh ndldj joheoj`dhemdh skstoj pdmdr,

nkdhtdrdhyd, (Nurmkh, 4;;>)7

4. Vohkldkdh (Dssosjoht)


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?

Jorupdmdh prisos uhtum johohtumdh moldydmdh ndh gustkakmdsk dtds

porjdsdldbdh ydhe dmdh nkdj`kl. Sotoldb ktu jdsdldb nkporkmsd lo`kb ldhgut

uhtum johohtumdh tugudh mosolurubdh ndrk priyom. _pdyd khk nkldmumdh

uhtum johohtumd aktur-aktur pohtkhe ndh rudhe lkhemup ndrk priyom, ndh

gued uhtum johotdpmdh sujòr ndyd ydhe nkporlumdh torjdsum priyom

porsihdl. Sujòr poheotdbudh ydhe nkporlumdh, torjdsum nkdhtdrdhyd pdrd

pdmdr ndh gued òr`dedk ldpirdh bdrus nkknohtkakmdsk. Sotoldb tdbdp

khkskdlksdsk nkldmumdh porsydrdtdh-porsydrdtdh priyom bdrus nktotdpmdh.

0. Dmuksksk VoheotdbudhJorupdmdh prisos uhtum johndpdtmdh poheotdbudh tohtdhe porjdsdldbdh

ydhe nk`dbds ndh dmdh nkeuhdmdh so`dedk pdhnudh ndldj updyd

poheoj`dhedh. Voheotdbudh khk nkeuhdmdh uhtum jojòrkmdh khairjdsk

tohtdhe porjdsdldbdh ydhe johgdnk `dbdh ndldj johnodkh skstoj pdmdr.

^dbdp khk jolkputk stunk nohedh nkdndmdhhyd portojudh nohedh pdmdr

uhtum joj`dbds dspom ndrk porjdsdldbdh

3. NosdkhVoheotdbudh ydhe nkporilob soldjd tdbdp dmuksksk poheotdbudh nkeuhdmdh

so`dedk pohnomdtdh ndldj joroprosohtdskmdh poheotdbudh pdmdr ndh

strdtoek pojocdbdh jdsdldb mondldj skstoj pdmdr. Soldjd tdbdp nosdkh,

mosolurubdh strumtur ndh iredhksdsk ndrk skstoj poheotdbudh bdrus

nktotdpmdh. Vdnd tdbdp nosdkh, soùdb skstoj prititypo nk `dheuh. ûgudh

ndrk poj`dheuhdh prititypo torsoùt dndldb uhtum jojòrkmdh

pojdbdjdh ydhe lo`kb `dkm dtds jdsdldb.

>. VoheugkdhJorupdmdh tdbdp nkjdhd nkldmumdh poheugkdh torbdndp skstoj pdmdr ydhetoldb nk`dheuh.

?. Nimujohtdsk^dbdp nimujohtdsk nkporlumdh uhtum johemijpkldsk solurub khairjdsk

priyom mondldj òhtum nimujoh ydhe ndpdt jojohubk porsydrdtdh

poheeuhd ndh poheoj`dhe ndrk skstoj pdmdr. Nimujohtdsk nkùtubmd

uhtum johedmijindsk moùtubdh poheeuhd ydhe jojohubk porsydrdtdh

ydhe nktojumdh pdnd so`dekdh priyom pordhemd luhdm. Nimujohtdsk


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torsoùt johgoldsmdh `dedkjdhd joheipordskmdh skstoj ndh johyonkdmdh

tutirkdl ndldj joheipordskmdh aktur utdjd ndrk skstoj.

Nimujohtdsk gued bdrus johnumuhe poheotdbudh poheoj`dhe soldjd

prisos poheoj`dhedh skstoj. Socdrd mbusus, nimujohtdsk bdrus òrkskmdh

mdjus poheotdbudh ydhe jojòrkmdh porsohtdsk socdrd tordtur ndrk

poheotdbudh skstoj ndh prisonur pojocdbdh jdsdldb. Bdl torsoùt

nktdj`dbmdh pdnd priyom so`dedk poheotdbudh ydhe `dru nkporilob.

1. VojolkbdrddhSotoldb skstoj nkeuhdmdh ndldj lkhemuhedh morgd, jdmd soldhguthyd

nkporlumdh pojolkbdrddh socdrd òmdld. Voheotdbud ktu skadthyd tkndm stdtks

joldkhmdh torus tujùb ndh òrmoj`dhe. Voheotdbudh ndrk skstoj porlu

nkpor`dbdruk dtdu nksojpurhdmdh uhtum jojohubk moùtubdh sddt khk.

Jotino poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr ydhe sundb nkutdrdmdh soòlujhyd

ndpdt nkedj`drmdh so`dedk òrkmut7

Edj`dr 4.0 ^dbdp Voheoj`dhedh Skstoj Vdmdr, (Nurmkh, 4;;>)

4.?.3. Jotino Voheoj`dhedh Vordhemdt LuhdmJotino pohnomdtdh pordhemdt luhdm ydhe nkeuhdmdh uhtum

joheoj`dhemdh pordhemdt luhdm dndldb Pdtkihdl _hkakon Vricoss (P_V).

Pdtkihdl _hkakon Vricoss(P_V) jorupdmdh sudtu jotino romdydsd pordhemdt

^dbdp 3

Nosdkh

^dbdp 4

Vohkldkdh (Dssossjoht)

^dbdp 0

Dmuksksk Voheotdbudh

^dbdp >

Voheugkdh

^dbdp ?

Nimujohtdsk

^dbdp 1

Vojolkbdrddh

Omsplirds

Vor`dkmdh

Airjuldsk _ldhe

Vorsydrdtdh

Voheotdbudh

Strumtur

Ovdludsk

Vrinum


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luhdm ydhe nkmoj`dhemdh nohedh joheujpulmdh òr`dedk òst prdctksosydhe

torndpdt ndldj khnustrk poheoj`dhedh pordhemdt luhdm. Ckrk utdjd jotino khk

dndldb joheeuhdmdh uso-cdso nrkvoh ndh pohnomdtdh ktordtka uhtum skmlus

poheoj`dhedh pordhmdt luhdm.

P_V joheeuhdmdh mihsop i`goct irkohton, nohedh dmtkaktds ydhe

òraimus pdnd poheoj`dhedh jinol nohedh joheeuhdmdh _hkakon Jinol

Ldheudeo(_JL).

Edj`dr 4.3DrsktomturPdtkihdl _hkakon Vricoss, (K@J 7 0665)

Joldluk edj`dr 4.3 ndpdt nklkbdt `dbwd P_V jojklkmk nud nkjohsk, ydktu7

d. Nkjohsk portdjd nkedj`drmdh socdrd birkzihtdl. Nkjohsk khk jowdmklkdspom-dspom nkhdjks ndrk poheoj`dhedh pordhemdt luhdm. Dspom khk

nkgd`drmdh ndldj tdbdpdh poheoj`dhedh dtdu adso. Sotkdp adso dmdh

jojklkmk sudtu jdgir jklostihoydhe johdhndmdh dmbkr ndrk dwdl ndrk adso

soldhguthyd. Sotkdp adso ndpdt òrnkrk ndrk sdtu òòrdpd ktordsk. Nkjohsk khk

tornkrk dtds7

4.KhcoptkihJohohtumdh rudhe lkhemup priyom, jojùdt ùskhoss cdso,

johgdwd` portdhyddh dpdmdb ydhe nkmorgdmdh ndpdt johckptdmdh

eiin ùskhoss sohso sobkheed priyom ndpdt nkldhgutmdh.

0.OldìrdtkihJohedhdlksd òr`dedk porsydrdtdh ndh roskmi, johotdpmdh `dso lkho,

jorohcdhdmdh adso òrkmuthyd ydktu cihstructkih.


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3.CihstructkihJoldmumdh sonorotdh ktordsk, pdnd sotkdp ktordsk dmdh jolk`dtmdh prisos

òrkmut7 dhdlksd nosdkh, kjplojohtdsk ndh tostkhe.

>.^rdhsktkihJojùdt dpd ydhe sundb nkjinolmdh johgdnk sudtu prinum gdnk.

Ndldj adso khk nkldmumdh7 @otd ndh porairjdhco tostkhe, Jojùdt

nimujohtdsk tdj`dbdh soportk trdkhkhe, usor euknos ndh sdlos mkt,

Jojùdt rohcdhd poluhcurdh prinum mo mijuhktds poheeuhd

`. Nkjohsk monud nkedj`drmdh socdrd vortkmdl. Nkjohsk khk jowdmklk dspom-dspom stdtks ndrk prisos poheoj`dhedh pordhemdt luhdm ydhe

nkmolijpimmdh mo ndldj òòrdpd nkskplkh. Vrisos poheoj`dhedh

pordhemdt luhdm ydhe nkgoldsmdh mondldj òòrdpd nkskplkh tornkrk ndrk

ojpdt olojoh pohtkhe, ydmhk wbiks nikhe, wbdt, biwndh wboh. Nkjohsk

khk tornkrk dtds @uskhoss Jinolkhe, Poqukrojoht, Dhdlysks dhn Noskeh,

Kjplojohtdtkih, ôst, Nopliyjoht, Cihakeurdtkih ndh Cbdheo

Jdhoeojoht, Vrigoct Jdhdeojoht, ndhOhvkrihtjoht.

4.1.Skstojdtkmd Vohulksdh

_htum johebdsklmdh ldpirdh tueds dmbkr ydhe jundb nkpdbdjk ndh

nkcorjdtk jdmd porlu dndhyd sudtu skstojdtkmd pohulksdh ydhe `dkm ndh golds.

@orkmut nkgoldsmdh skstojdtkmd ydhe nkpdmdk ndldj pohyusuhdh ldpirdh khk7

@D@ K 7 VOHNDB_L_DH

Ndldj `d` khk nkgoldsmdh tohtdhe ldtdr òldmdhe, knohtkakmdsk

jdsdldb, jdmsun ndh tugudh, poj`dtdsdh jdsdldb, jotiniliek

poheoj`dhedh skstoj, ndh skstojdtkmd pohulksdh ldpirdh tueds

dmbkr.

@D@ KK 7 LDHNDSDH OIPK

@d` khk joj`dbds tohtdhe kstkldb-kstkldb, mihsop skstoj pdmdr,

noakhksks pordhemdt luhdm, mouhtuhedh skstoj pdmdr ndh tdbdpdh

poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr, soldkh ktu gued joj`dbds joheohdk

poheortkdh wdrks ndh dpd-dpd ydhe dnd nkndldj bumuj wdrks.


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@D@ KKK 7 JOÎNILIEK VOHOLK^KDH

@d` khk joj`dbds joheohdk porohcdhddh joheohdk tdbdpdh-

tdbdpdh ndldj poj`dheuhdh skstoj.

@D@ KQ 7 KJVLOJOH^DSK PDHCDHE @DHE_H

@d` khk joj`dbds tohtdhe pohekjplojohtdskdh ndrk moekdtdh-

moekdtdh ydhe toldb nkedj`drmdh pdnd `d` soòlujhyd.

@D@ Q 7 MOSKJV_LDH NDH SDPDH

Vdnd `dekdh khk johgoldsmdh bdskl dmbkr ndrk poj`dbdsdh ydhe

nkgd`drmdh ndldj ldpirdh tueds dmbkr òrkmut sdrdh ydhe

nkbdrdpmdh ndpdt joj`dhtu modrdb mihstrumtka uhtum mojdgudh

poholktkdh ydhe lo`kb `dkm.

NDA^DP V_S^DMD

LDJVKPDH-LDJVKPDH


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@D@ KK

LDHNDSDH OIPK

0.4. Mocorndsdh @udtdh (Dr tkak ckdl K htoloeohco)Mocorndsdh ùdtdh dtdu Drtkakckdl Khtollkeohco jorupdmdh sdldb sdtu

cd`dhe klju mijputor ydhe jojùdt dedr joskh (mijputor) ndpdt òrakmkr ndh

òrhdldr soportk jdhuskd, (Nurmkh, 4;;>). ûgudh prdmtks ndrk mocorndsdh ùdtdh

khk dndldb jojùdt mijputor sojdmkh òreuhd `dek jdhuskd. Mocorndsdh ùdtdh

ndpdt joj`dhtu jdhuskd ndldj jojùdt moputusdh, johcdrk khairjdsk socdrd

lo`kb dmurdt, dtdu jojùdt mijputor lo`kb jundb nkeuhdmdh nohedh tdjpkldh

ydhe joheeuhdmdh `dbdsd hdturdl sobkheed jundb nkpdbdjk. Skstoj pdmdr

jorupdmdh sdldb sdtu `dekdh mocorndsdh ùdtdh ydhe nkeuhdmdh ilob irdhe ldkh

uhtum jojocdbmdh jdsdldb ndldj `kndhe tortohtu.

Kjplojohtdsk ndrk drtkakckdl khtoloeohco sddt khk ndpdt ndldj `kndhe-

`kndhe nkdhtdrdhyd7

4. Auzzy liekc

Sudtu jotino drtkakckdl khtoloeohco ydhe `dhydm torndpdt pdnd dldt-dldt

olomtrihkm ndh riìt. Nkjdhd dldt-dldt olomtrihkm torsoùt jdjpu òrakmkr ndh

òrtkhemdb ldmu so`dedkjdhd ldydmhyd jdhuskd.

0. Cijputor vkskih

Sudtu jotino drtkakckdl khtoloeohco ydhe jojuhemkhmdh soùdb skstoj

mijputor joheohdlk edj`dr so`dedk khput-hyd. Cihtibhyd dndldb joheohdlk

ndh joj`dcd tulksdh ydhe dnd ndldj edj`dr.

3. Edjo

Sudtu jotino drtkakckdl khtoloeohco ydhe òreuhd uhtum johkru cdrd òrakmkrjdhuskd ndldj edjo. Cihtibhyd dndldb prierdj Noop @luo ydhe jdjpu

òrakmkr sotdrd nohedh soirdheedhnjdstor cdtur.

>. Spoocb rociehktkih

Sudtu jotino drtkakckdl khtoloeohco ydhe òreuhd uhtum joheohdlk sudrd

jdhuskd nohedh cdrd nkcicimmdh nohedh dcdudh dtdu pdttorh ydhe tolob

nkprierdjmdh soòlujhyd. Cihtibhyd dndldb sudrd ndrk usor ndpdt

nktorgojdbmdh johgdnk soùdb porkhtdb `dek mijputor.


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?. Oxport systoj (skstoj pdmdr)

Sudtu jotino drtkakckdl khtoloeohco ydhe òreuhd uhtum johkru cdrd òrakmkr

soirdhe dblk ndldj johedj`kl moputusdh òrndsdrmdh sktudsk ydhe dnd.

0.0. Vohedhtdr Skstoj VdmdrSo`dedkjdhd nksoùtmdh soòlujhyd `dbwd skstoj pdmdr dndldb soùdb

prierdj mijputor ydhe nknosdkh uhtum joheedhtkmdh soirdhe pdmdr nk `kndhe

tortohtu. Dnd nud bdl pohtkhe ydhe porlu nkdnipsk ndrk soirdhe pdmdr ndldj

joj`dheuh soùdb skstoj pdmdr, ydktu7 poheotdbudh (mhiwloneo) soirdhe pdmdr

ndh mihsop òrakmkr (rodsihkhe) soirdhe pdmdr. _htum johebdskmdh monud bdl

torsoùt, soùdb skstoj pdmdr bdrus jojklkmk nud jinul nkdhtdrdhyd7 soùdb `dskspoheotdbudh (mhiwloneo `dso) ndh soùdb joskh khaorohsk (khaorohco ohekho),

(Nurmkh, 4;;>). @dsks poheotdbudh òrksk poheotdbudh ydhe sdhedt sposkakm ndldj

soùdb porjdsdldbdh tortohtu soportk ydhe nkjklkmk soirdhe pdmdr uhtum

jojcdbmdh jdsdldb tortohtu. Joskh khaorohsk dndldb soùdb joskh pojrisos

poheotdbudh ydhe nkjinolmdh dtds mihsop òrakmkr ndh òrhdldr soidrdhe pdmdr.

Joskh khaorohsk òsortd khairjdsk ydhe nkndpdt ndrk soùdb jdsdldb, òrpdsdhedh

nohedh poheotdbudh ydhe nkskjpdh pdnd `dsks poheotdbudh, òrusdbd uhtum

johcdrk dtdu johdrkm moskjpuldh, gdwd`dh ndh romijohndsk euhd pojocdbdh

jdsdldb torsoùt.

Soirdhe pdmdr dndldb dsot ydhe òrbdred ndldj soùdb iredhksdsk dtdu

porusdbddh. Soirdhe pdmdr ndpdt jojuhculmdh kno ydhe mrodtka, jojocdbmdh

jdsdldb ydhe sulkt, dtdu `dbmdh jojpor`dkmk pomorgddh ydhe khoaakckoht.

Udldupuh nojkmkdh, tohded jdhusksd totdp tor`dtds, soirdhe pdmdr priaosskihdl

puh mojdjpudhhyd nkpohedruk ilob `dhydm admtir, soportk mihnksk ojiskihdl

ohtdb ktu eoj`krd, sonkb dtdupuh mihnksk akskm dhtdrd ldkh mololdbdh, sdmkt, tud,

lupd, mojdtkdh ndh so`dedkhyd. Gujldb pdmdr nk `kndhe tortohtu gued sdhedt

tor`dtds sobkheed dndhyd skstoj pdmdr nk `kndhe tortohtu dmdh sdhedt òreuhd.

Dnd nud tugudh utdjd poheoj`dhedh soùdb skstoj pdmdr, ydktu uhtum

joheedhtkmdh morgd soirdhe pdmdr dtdu joj`dhtu morgd soirdhe pdmdr.

@oòrdpd dldsdh utdjd poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr uhtum joheedhtkmdh

soirdhe pdmdr nkdhtdrdhyd, (Nurmkh, 4;;>)7


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4. ôhded pdmdr pohskuh dtdu tkndm torsonkd sddt nkùtubmdh, bdhyd pdnd wdmtu

tortohtu ndh limdsk ydhe sdhedt tor`dtds.

0. Itijdtksdsk pomorgddh rutkh ydhe jojùtubmdh soirdhe pdmdr.

3. ôhded soirdhe pdmdr sdhedt jdbdl.

>. Moùtubdh pdmdr ydhe òsdr nk lkhemuhedh ydhe torpohckl.

Sondhemdh dldsdh poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr so`dedk dldt `dhtu soirdhe

pdmdr nkdhtdrdhyd, (Nurmkh, 4;;>)7

4. Joj`dhtu pdmdr ndldj joheorgdmdh tueds-tueds rutkh uhtum johkhemdtmdh

prinumtkvktds.

0. Joj`dhtu pdmdr ndldj joheorgdmdh tueds ydhe sulkt ndh mijploms sobkheed

lo`kb oaomtka.

3. Joj`dhtu pdmdr uhtum johekhedt khairjdsk ydhe sulkt nkkhedt.

_htum lo`kb golds joj`dhnkhemdh molo`kbdh skstoj pdmdr ndrk tohded

pdmdr jdhuskd ndpdt nklkbdt pdnd ^dòl 0.4, (Nurmkh, 4;;>)7

^dòl 0.4 Vor`dhnkhedh dhtdrd pdmdr ndh skstoj pdmdrAdmtir Vdmdr Skstoj pdmdr

Udmtu Bdrk morgd Sotkdp sddt

Eoerdaks Limdl @ksd nkjdhd sdgd

Modjdhdh ^kndm `ksd nkedhtkmdh @ksd nkedhtkmdh

Mojuhemkhdh jushdb [d ^kndmVorairjd Qdrkdtka Mihskstoh

Mocopdtdh Qdrkdtka Mihskstoh

@kdyd ^kheek Lo`kb jurdb

Soldkh ndrk ^dòl 0.4, molo`kbdh ndrk skstoj pdmdr dhtdrd ldkh ndpdt

johkhemdtmdh mudlktds sdrdh ndh moskjpuldh ydhe nkòrkmdh nohedh

johekhtoerdskmdh òòrdpd modblkdh pdmdr ydhe òrònd-ònd mo ndldj `dsks

poheotdbudh, jojporluds gdhemdudh modblkdh soirdhe pdmdr, ndpdt nkporilob ndh

nkpdmdk nkjdhd sdgd.

Josmkpuh jojklkmk molo`kbdh nk`dhnkhemdh pdmdr, skstoj pdmdr gued

jojklkmk momurdhedh ydktu tkndm jdjpu johyosudkmdh nohedh copdt torbdndp

mihnksk ldpdhedh ydhe òrònd.

Voheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr jolk`dtmdh tked uhsur jdhuskd nk ndldjhyd.

Motked uhsur jdhuskd torsoùt dndldb so`dedk òrkmut7

4. Vdmdr

Soportk ydhe toldb nkutdrdmdh nk dtds ndldj pojùdtdh skstoj pdmdr nk

porlumdh soirdhe dtdu lo`kb pdmdr ydhe jojpuhydk poheotdbudh mbusus,


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pohndpdt, modblkdh ndh jotino sortd mojdjpudh nk ndldj jojòrkmdh

hdsobdt uhtum jojocdbmdh sudtu jdsdldb. ûeds ndrk pdrd pdmdr khk dndldb

johyonkdmdh poheotdbudh tohtdhe `dedkjdhd nkd joldmumdh tuedshyd,

poheotdbudh khk mojunkdh nksordp ndh nknuplkmdskmdh mo skstoj pdmdr.

0. Voheoj`dhe skstoj

Voheoj`dhe skstoj dndldb pkbdm ydhe jojùdt skstoj pdmdr. Voheoj`dhe

skstoj (mhiwloneo ohekhoor) khk òrtueds uhtum johyordp, johedj`kl

poheotdbudh ndh mojdjpudh ydhe nkjklkmk ilob pdrd pdmdr sortd

johekjplojohtdskmdhhyd mo ndldj soùdb siatwdro skstoj pdmdr. ûeds khk

cumup sulkt mdrohd soirdhe poheoj`dhe skstoj tkndm ìlob jojdsummdh

pormkrddh dtdu pordsddhhyd mo ndldj poheotdbudh ydhe nkporilobhyd.

Nksdjpkhe ktu poheoj`dhe skstoj gued bdrus pdhndk johcdrk khairjdsk dtdu

poheotdbudh pdmdr mdrohd mdndhemdld soirdhe pdmdr tkndm ndpdt johgoldsmdh

sojud modblkdhhyd.

3. Vojdmdk/usor

Dndldb pkbdm ydhe jojporeuhdmdh skstoj pdmdr. Mojdjpudh skstoj

pdmdr nkmoj`dhemdh uhtum jojporjundb ndh johebojdt wdmtu ndh usdbd usor.

0.3. Ckrk ndh MdrdmtorkstkmJohurut Giekydhti (0663) dnd òr`dedk ckrk ndh mdrdmtorkstkm ydhe

jojòndmdh skstoj pdmdr nohedh skstoj ldkh ydhe ndpdt nkgdnkmdh so`dedk

ponijdh utdjd ndldj poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr, nkdhtdrdhyd7

4. Voheotdbudh skstoj pdmdr jorupdmdh sudtu mihsop, ùmdh òròhtum

hujorks. Bdl khk nkmdrohdmdh mijputor joldmumdh prisos poheildbdh ndtd

socdrd hujorkm sondhemdh modblkdh ndrk soirdhe pdmdr dndldb admtd ndh

dturdh-dturdh, ùmdh hujorkm.

0. Khairjdsk ndldj skstoj pdmdr tkndm soldlu lohemdp, suyomtka, tkndm mihskstoh,

su`yom torus òru`db ndh toredhtuhe pdnd mihnksk lkhemuhedh sobkheed

moputusdh ydhe nkdj`kl òrskadt tkndm pdstk ndh tkndm jutldm yd dtdu

tkndm dmdh totdpk johurut umurdh moòhdrdh tortohtu. Ilob mdrohd ktu

nkùtubmdh mojdjpudh skstoj uhtum òldgdr socdrd jdhnkrk ndldj

johyolosdkmdh jdsdldb-jdsdldb nohedh portkj`dhedh-portkj`dhedh mbusus.


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3. Mojuhemkhdh silusk skstoj pdmdr torbdndp sudtu porjdsdldbdh dndldb

òrvdrkdsk ndh jojpuhydk `dhydm pklkbdh gdwd`dh ydhe ndpdt nktorkjd,

sojud admtir ydhe nktolusurk jojklkmk rudhe jdsdldb ydhe luds ndh tkndm

pdstk. Ilob mdrohd ktu nkporlumdh alomsk`klktds skstoj ndldj johdhedhk

mojuhemkhdh silusk ndrk òr`dedk porjdsdldbdh.

>. Voru`dbdh dtdu poheoj`dhedh poheotdbudh ndldj skstoj pdmdr ndpdt torgdnk

sotkdp sddt `dbmdh sopdhgdhe wdmtu sobkheed nkporlumdh mojundbdh ndldj

jinkakmdsk skstoj uhtum johdjpuhe gujldb poheotdbudh ydhe sojdmkh

òsdr ndh sojdmkh òrvdrkdsk.

?. Vdhndhedh ndh pohndpdt sotkdp pdmdr tkndmldb soldlu sdjd, ydhe ilob mdrohd

ktu tkndm dnd gdwd`dh `dbwd silusk skstoj pdmdr jorupdmdh gdwd`dh ydhe

pdstk òhdr. Sotkdp pdmdr dmdh jojòrkmdh portkj`dhedh-portkj`dhedh

òrndsdrmdh admtir su`yomtka.

1. Moputusdh jorupdmdh `dekdh torpohtkhe ndrk skstoj pdmdr. Skstoj pdmdr

bdrus jojòrkmdh silusk ydhe dmurdt òrndsdrmdh jdsumdh poheotdbudh

josmkpuh siluskhyd sulkt sobkheed adsklktds khairjdsk skstoj bdrus soldlu

nkporlumdh.

0.>. Vor`dhnkhedh Skstoj Mihvohskihdl ndh Skstoj Vdmdr@orkmut khk jorupdmdh por`dhnkhedh dhtdrd skstoj mihvohskihdl ndh

skstoj pdmdr, (Nurmkh, 4;;>)7

^dòl 0.0Vor`dhnkhedh skstoj mihvohskihdl ndh skstoj pdmdr

Skstoj mihvohskihdl Skstoj pdmdr

Aimus pdnd silusk Aimus pdnd jdsdldb

Vrierdjoròmorgd sohnkrk Nkmorgdmdh socdrd tkj

Voheoj`dhedhsoquohtkdl Voheoj`dhedh ktordtkvo

0.?. Mdtoeirk Skstoj Vdmdr@orndsdrmdh tugudh pojùdtdhhyd, skstoj pdmdr nkmdtoeirkmdh johgdnk,

(Nurmkh, 4;;>)7

4. Mihtril (Cihtril)

Nohedh tugudh uhtum johedtur porkldmu morgd skstoj ndldj sudtu lkhemuhedh

ydhe mijploms, torjdsum nkndldjhyd dndldb pohdaskrdh, pormkrddh,

pohedwdsdh ndh por`dkmdh porkldmu morgd skstoj torsoùt. Cihtib7 mihtril

torbdndp prisos jdhuadcturkhe lohemdp.


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0. Nosdkh (Noskeh)

Noheds tugudh uhtum johohtumdh mihakeurdsk ydhe cicim ndrk mijpihoh-

mijpihoh ydhe dnd pdnd soùdb skstoj sobkheed nkporilob mojdjpudh

morgd ydhe jojudsmdh wdldupuh torndpdt motor`dtdsdh nkndldjhyd. Cihtib7

ldyiut ckrcukt.

3. Nkdehisd (Nkdehisks)

Nohedh tugudh uhtum joldmumdh nkdehisd yohe johohtumdh so`d`-so`d`

ededlhyd sudtu skstoj ndldj sktudsk mijploms ydhe nkndsdrmdh pdnd

pohedjdtdh torbdndp eogdld-eogdld ydhe nkdjdtk. Vrkhskphyd dndldb uhtum

johojumdh dpd jdsdldb dtdu morusdmdh ydhe torgdnk. Cihtib7 cijputor

triu`losbiitkhe.

>. Khstrumsk (Khstructkih)

Nohedh tugudh uhtum johnotomsk ndh jojpor`dkmk momurdhedh porkldmu

skswd ndldj jojdbdjk `kndhe khairjdsk tortohtu. Cihtib7 prierdj tutirkdl.

?. Khtorprotdsk (Khtorprotdtkih)

Nohedh tugudh johedhdlksd ndtd ydhe tkndm lohemdp, tkndm tordtur ndh ndtd

ydhe mihtrdnkmtka ydhe `kdsdhyd nkporilob joldluk sohsir. Cihtib7 dhdlksks

cktrd.

1. Vohedjdtdh (Jihktirkhe)

Nohedh tugudh joj`dhnkhemdh porkldmu ydhe nkdjdtk ndldj sudtu skstoj

nohedh porkldmu ydhe nkbdrdpmdh uhtum joheohdl vdrkdsk porkldmu ydhe

torndpdt nkndldjhyd. Cihtib7 mihtril khstdldsk humlkr.

5. Vorohcdhddh (Vldhhkhe)

Nohedh tugudh uhtum johndpdtmdh tdbdpdh socdrd urut ndrk tkhndmdh ydhe

bdrus nkldmumdh uhtum johcdpdk sdsdrdh ydhe nktotdpmdh soòlujhyd ndrksudtu mihnksk dwdl tortohtu. Cihtib7 lohedh riìt ydhe ndpdt jojkhndbmdh

lkjd `dlim nohedh susuhdh tortohtu ndrk susuhdh dsdl ydhe dcdm.

2. Vronkmsk (Vronkctkih)

Nohedh tugudh uhtum jojòrkmdh moskjpuldh joheohdk dmk`dt dtdu oaom

ydhe juhemkh torgdnk ndrk sogujldb dltorhdtka sktudsk ydhe nkòrkmdh. Cihtib7

akhdhckdl airocdstkhe.


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;. Vromrkpsk

Nohedh tugudh uhtum jojòrkmdh romijohndsk silusk uhtum sudtu mihnksk

jdlauhesk skstoj ydhe nkòrkmdh.

46. Solomsk (Soloctkih)

Nohedh tugudh uhtum joheknohtkakmdsk pklkbdh ydhe tor`dkm dtdu ydhe pdlkhe

cicim ndrk soùdb ndatdr mojuhemkhdh nohedh jojòrkmdh mrktorkd-mrktorkd

tortohtu.

44. Skjuldsk (Skjuldtkih)

Nohedh tugudh uhtum jojùdt sudtu jinol dtds soùdb skstoj dtdu prisos

ydhe jojklkmk `dhydm mojuhemkhdh silusk.

0.1. Adso-Adso Voheoj`dhedh Skstoj Vdmdrôrndpdt 1 tdbdp dtdu adso ndldj poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr soportk

nkedj`drmdh pdnd edj`dr 0.4. Vohgoldsdh òrkmut jorupdmdh pohgoldsdh socdrd

edrks òsdr tohtdhe adso-adso poheoj`dhedh torsoùt, (Nurmkh, 4;;>)7

Dssossjoht

Mhiwloneo Dcquksktkih

Noskeh

ôst

Nicujohtdtkih

Jdkhtohdhco

Poairjuldtkih

Oxplirdtkihs

Poakhojohts

Poqukrjohts

Mhiwloneo

Structuro

Ovdludtkih

Vrinuct

Edj`dr 0.4.Adso-adso ndldj poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr

(Nurmkh, 4;;>)

d) Dssossjoht

^dbdp khk jorupdmdh tdbdp pohohtudh bdl-bdl pohtkhe so`dedk ndsdr ndrk

porjdsdldbdh ydhe dmdh nkdhdlksks. ^dbdp khk jorupdmdh tdbdp uhtum


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johemdgk ndh joj`dtdsk jdsdldb ydhe dmdh nkkjplojohtdskmdh ndldj skstoj.

Sotkdp jdsdldb ydhe nkknohtkakmdskmdh bdrus nkcdrk silusk, adsklktds ydhe dmdh

nkmoj`dhemdh, pohohtudh gohks `dbdsd pojrierdjdh ndh tugudh ydhe khekh

nkcdpdk ndrk prisos poheoj`dhedh torsoùt. Dpd`kld prisos knohtkakmdsk

jdsdldb nkldmumdh nohedh òhdr jdmd dmdh nkcdpdk bdskl ydhe iptkjdl. Socdrd

rkkl ndh lo`kb golds jdmd bdl-bdl ydhe porlu nkldmumdh ndldj tdbdp khk dndldb7

4. Noakhksk jdsdldb

0. Moùtubdh skstoj

3. Ovdludsk dltorhdtka silusk

>. Qorkakmdsk pohnomdtdh skstoj

?. Vohyosudkdh pohedturdh khput

`) Mhiwloneo dcquksktkih

Bdskl knohtkakmdsk jdsdldb nkmihsoptudlksdskmdh ndldj òhtum roldsk dhtdr ndtd,

buùhedh dhtdr poheotdbudh ndh mihsop-mihsop pohtkhe ndh knodl ydhe dmdh

nktordpmdh ndldj skstoj. Mihsoptudlksdsk gued johedhdlksks ndtd-ndtd pohtkhe

ydhe bdrus nkndldjk òrsdjd nohedh pdmdr nk `kndhe porjdsdldbdh torsoùt.

Bdl khk nkldmumdh uhtum jojporilob mihakrjdsk bdskl wdwdhcdrd ndh

i`sorvdsk sobkheed bdsklhyd ndpdt jojòrkmdh gdwd`dh pdstk `dbwd sdsdrdh

porjdsdldbdh topdt, òhdr ndh sundb sosudk. Bdl-bdl ydhe porlu nkldmumdh

dndldb so`dedk òrkmul7

4. Mihsoptudlksdsk rdhcdhedh ndh nosdkh

0. Strdtoek poheoj`dhedh

3. Jdtork poheotdbudh

>. Mijputdsk jdtork

?.

Mojundbdh poheohdldh1. Dhdlksd oakskohsk

c) Noskeh

Dpd`kld tdbdp mihsoptudlksdsk toldb solosdk nkldmumdh, jdmd pdnd tdbdp khk

mihsop-mihsop torsoùl nk kjplojohtdskmdh socdrd airjdl, jksdlhyd jojòrkmdh

mdtoeirk skstorh ydhe dmdh nk`dheuh, jojportkj`dhemdh òòrdpd admtir

pohedj`kldh moputusdh soportk modblkdh jdhuskd, mosulktdh ndh tkhemdt


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mosulktdh ydhe juhemkh torgdnk, nimujohtdsk morgd, ndh so`dedkhyd. Bdl-bdl

ydhe porlu nkldmumdh dndldb7

4. Joj`dheuhprititypo

0. Voheugkdh ndh poheoj`dhedh

3. Nojihstrdsk ndh mojundbdh dhdlksd

>. Vohyolosdkdh nosdkh

n) ôst

Dpd`kld poheotdbudh sundb nkairjdlksdskmdh socdrd lohemdp, jdmd tdbdp

kjplojohtdsk ndpdt nkjuldk nohedh jojùdt edrks òsdr jdsdldb mojunkdh

jojocdbmdh jdsdldb mondldj jinul-jinul. _htum jojundbmdh jdmd bdrus

nkknohtkakmdsk7

4. Dpd sdgd ydhe johgdnk khput-dh

0. @dedkjdhd prisoshyd nkedj`drmdh ndldj `dedh dlur ndh `dsks dturdhhyd

3. Dpd sdgd ydhe johgdnk iutput dtdu bdskl ndh moskjpuldhhyd

Sosundb ktu sojudhyd nku`db ndldj `dbdsd ydhe jundb nkjoheotk

ilob mijputor nohedh joheeuhdmdh tdbdpdh adso soportk edj`drdh adso

poheoj`dhedh skstoj pdmdr. Bdl-bdl ydhe porlu nkporbdtkmdh dhtdrd ldkh7

4. Joj`dheuh `dsks poheotdbudh (mhiwloneo `dso)

0. Voheugkdh, ovdludsk ndh poheoj`dhedh `dsks poheotdbudh

3. Vorohcdhddh khtoerdsk skstoj

o) Nicujohtdtkih

Skstoj pdmdr ydhe solosdk nk`dheuh porlu uhtum nkovdludsk uhtum joheugk ndh

johojumdh mosdldbdhhyd. Bdl khk jorupdmdh bdl ydhe ujuj nkldmumdh

mdrohd sudtu skstoj òluj tohtu sojpujd sotoldb solosdk pojùdtdhhyd

sobkheed prisos ovdludsk nkporlumdh uhtum pohyojpurhddhhyd. Ndldjovdludsk dmdh nktojumdh `dekdh-`dekdh ydhe bdrus nkmiromsk hhtum

johydjdmdh porjdsdldbdh ndh tugudh dmbkr pojùdtdh skstoj. Bdl-bdl ydhe

porlu uhtum nkldmumdh dndldb7

4. Vrisos khput-dh usor

0. Khstdldsk, nojihstrdsk ndh pohordpdh skstoj

3. Irkohtdsk ndh ldtkbdh

>. Modjdhdh


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?. Nimujohtdsk

1. Khtoerdsk ndh poheugkdh mdsus

a) Jdhkhtohdhco

Voheoj`dhedh skstoj nkporlumdh sobkheed skstoj ydhe nk`dheuh tkndm

johgdnk usdhe ndh khvostdsk skstoj tkndm skd-skd. Bdl poheoj`dhedh skstoj

ydhe pdlkhe òreuhd dndldb prisos nimujohtdsk skstoj nkjdhd nkndldjhyd

torskjpdh sojud bdl pohtkhe ydhe jogdnk tildm umur poheoj`dhedh skstoj nk

jdsd johndtdhe torjdsum nkndldjhyd dndldb mdjus poheotdbudh jdsdldb

ydhe nksolosdkmdh. Bdl-bdl ydhe nkldmumdh dhtdrd Kdkh7

4. Ipordskihdl

0. Vordwdtdh ndh poheoj`dhedh skstoj

3. Ovdludsk skstoj socdrd porkinkm

0.5. Skstoj Vdmdr @or`dsks DturdhVoheortkdh ndrk skstoj pdmdr òr`dsks dturdh dndldb sudtu prierdj

mijputor ydhe ndpdt johedhdlksks khairjdsk tortohtu pdnd jojirk nohedh

joheeuhdmdh mujpuldh dturdhpdnd `dsks poheotdbudh ndh joheeuhdmdh joskh

khaorohsk so`dedk pohcdrkdh khairjdsk nohedh tugudh jojporilob khairjdsk `dru,

(Nurmkh, 4;;>). Skstoj pdmdr òr`dsks dturdh jorupdmdh pklkbdh utdjd ndldj

joj`dheuh soùdb skstoj pdmdr.

Mihsop ndrk skstoj pdmdr òr`dsks dturdhdndldb johemij`khdskmdh sudtu

sktudsk porjdsdldbdh `dru nk sbirt-torj jojiry nohedh prinumsk ndrk lihe-torj

jojiry sobkheed johebdsklmdh sudtu khairjdsk `dru ydhe nkskjpdh nk sbirt-torj

jojiry, (Nurmkh, 4;;>).

Lihe-torj jojiry

(Vrinumsk)

Vohdldrdh

Sbirt-torj jojiry

(Sktudsk)

dmsk

sktudsk

Edj`dr 0.0 Jinol skstoj prinumsk, (Nurmkh, 4;;>).

Soùdb skstoj pdmdr òr`dsks dturdh johkru cdrd pohdldrdh jdhuskd khk

nohedh cdrd so`dedk òrkmut, (Nurmkh, 4;;>)7


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4. Johkru lihe-torj jojiry jdhuskd nohedh `dsks poheotdbudh ydhe òrksk

sopordhemdt dturdh.

0. Johkrusbirt-torj jojiry jdhuskd nohedh jojirk morgd ydhe òrksk admtd-

admtd `dkm ydhe nkkhputmdh jdupuh bdskl khaorohsk ndrk dturdh.

3. Johkru cdrd pohdldrdh jdhuskd nohedh joskh khaorohsk ydhe dmdh

jojprisos admtd-admtd ndrk jojirk morgdnohedh joheeuhdmdh dturdh-dturdh

ydhe dnd nk `dsks poheotdbudh.

0.2. Drsktomtur Skstoj Vdmdr @or`dsks DturdhSoùdb skstoj pdmdr òr`dsks dturdhtornkrk ndrk tked jinul utdjd, ydktu7

`dsks poheotdbudh, jojirk morgd ndh joskh khaorohsk ydhe jorupdmdh gdhtuhe

ndrk soùdb skstoj pdmdr ndh `dekdh ldkhhyd nkludr motked mijpihoh utdjd ydhe

gued sdhedt pohtkhe nkdhtdrdhyd7 dhtdrjumd pojdmdk, poheoj`dhe dhtdrjumd,

adsklktds pohgoldsdh ndh prierdj omstorhdl, (Nurmkh, 4;;>). Drsktomtur skstoj

pdmdr òr`dsks dturdhndpdt nklkbdt pdnd Edj`dr 0.3.

Joskh khaorohsk

Jojirk morgd Adsklktds

pohgoldsdh

@dsks

poheotdbudh

Vrierdj

omstorhdl

Dhtdrjumd

pojdmdk

Voheoj`dhedh

dhtdrjumd

Vojdmdk Voheoj`dhe skstoj

Edj`dr 0.3 Drsktomtur skstoj pdmdr òr`dsks dturdh

(Nurmkh, 4;;>).

Motordhedh Edj`dr 0.37

4. @dsks poheotdbudh dndldb sudtu strumtur ndtd ydhe johykjpdh khairjdsk

ndtd, dturdh, roldsk dhtdrd ndtd nohedh dturdhndldj pohedj`kldh moskjpuldh.

@dsks poheotdbudh ndpdt nkmdtdmdh so`dedk mujpuldh khairjdsk ndh

pohedldjdh soirdhe dblk pdnd sudtu `kndhe tortohtu. @dsks poheotdbudh khk

tornkrk ndrk nud olojoh ndsdr, ydktu admtd ndh dturdh. Sotkdp mdsus ydhe

nktojuk, nkprisos òrndsdrmdh pohedldjdh ydhe porhdb torcdtdt, `dru ndpdt

nkdj`kl moskjpuldh. Dpd`kld torgdnk sudtu mdsus ydhe òluj porhdb nkdldjk,


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jdmd skstoj pdmdr tkndm jdjpu johedj`kl moskjpuldh ndrk mdsus torsoùt.

_htum ktu nkporlumdh pohdj`dbdh ndtd `dru ydhe ndpdt nkgdnkmdh dcudh ydhe

jolohemdpk `dsks poheotdbudh. Gdnk, sudtu `dsks poheotdbudhndpdt nkmdtdmdh

`dkm dpd`kld jojklkmk sogujldb dturdh ydhe `ksd nkeuhdmdh ndldj sotkdp

mojuhemkhdh mdsus ndldj rudhe lkhemup tortohtu. Ndldj pordhcdhedhhyd,

pordhcdhe bdrus jdjpu joheedlk so`dhydm juhemkh khairjdsk ndrk

hdrdsujòrhyd ndh jojkhndbmdhhyd mo ndldj `dsks poheotdbudh.

@orndsdrmdh ndrk `dsks poheotdbudh ydhe nkjklkmkhyd, skstoj pdmdr ndpdt

nkeilihemdh johgdnk ? tkhemdtdh, ydktu7

d. ^khemdt 47

4) Joheeuhdmdh `dsks poheotdbudh khtorhdl.

0) Ndpdt joldmumdh pohdj`dbdh ndtd ndh jojùdt ldpirdh ndtd ydhe

dnd pdnd `dsks poheotdbudh.

3) Joheeuhdmdh jotino `dcmwdrn cbdkhkhe dtdu jotino airwdrn

cbdkhkhe uhtum johyolosdkmdh sudtu mdsus.

>) Jdjpu johdjpklmdh bdskl morgd ndrk joskh khaorohsk joldluk

dhtdrjumd pojdmdk.

`. ^khemdt 07

4) Joheeuhdmdh `dsks poheotdbudh omstorhdl.

0) Jdjpu jojklkb jotino `dcmwdrn cbdkhkhe dtdu airwdrn cbdkhkhe

ydhe dmdh nkeuhdmdh uhtum johyolosdkmdh sudtu mdsus.

3) Jdjpu joldmumdh porbktuhedh jdtojdtks.

c. ^khemdt 37

4) Jdjpu joldmumdh omspir dtdu kjpir sudtu `dsks poheotdbudh.

0)

Jdjpu joldmumdh porbktuhedh jdtojdtks socdrd nkhdjks.n. ^khemdt >7

4) Ndpdt nkipordskmdh pdnd òr`dedk skstoj ipodrdsk.

o. ^khemdt ?7

4) Jdjpu joru`db dtdu johdj`db ksk `dsks poheotdbudh socdrd

itijdtks ndh jojpoldgdrk sudtu pild `dru ndrk òòrdpd mdsus ydhe

porhdb nkdldjkhyd.


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00

0. Joskh khaorohsk jorupdmdh itdm ndrk skstoj pdmdr ydhe johedhnuhe

jomdhksjo auhesk òrpkmkr ndh pild-pild pohdldrdh skstoj ydhe nkeuhdmdh

ilob soirdhe pdmdr. Joskh khaorohsk òrtkhndm so`dedk pohedj`kl moskjpuldh

ndh johemihtril jomdhksjo ndrk skstoj pdmdr. Mdrohd ktu joskh khaorohsk

jorupdmdh `dekdh torpohtkhe ndrk skstoj pdmdr, mdrohd sdhedt òrpordh

pohtkhe ndldj johohtumdh oaomtkvktds ndh oakskohsk skstoj pdmdr. Joskh

khaorohsk joldmumdh prisos pohedj`kldh moskjpuldh dtdu silusk ydhe tor`dkm

(`dkm moputusdh khtorjonkdto jdupuh moputusdh akhdl) òrndsdrmdh sudtu

mujpuldh dturdh tortohtu, uhtum somujpuldh admtd-admtd ydhe sposkakm, pdnd

sudtu sktudsk tortohtu.

Soportk bdlhyd `dsks poheotdbudh, joskh khaorohsk gued tornkrk ndrk dturdh-

dturdh ndhadmtd-admtd, òndhyd dpd`kld nk ndldj `dsks poheotdbudh, dturdh-

dturdh ndh admtd-admtd ydhe dnd òrksk soùdb nijdkh ydhe sposkakm ndrk skadt-

skadt soirdhe pdmdr. Sondhemdh dturdh-dturdh ndh admtd-admtd pdnd joskh

khaorohsk, òrksk tohtdhe mihtril socdrd ujuj ndh strdtoek pohcdrkdh

moskjpuldh ydhe nkldmumdh ilob skstoj pdmdr. Monud gohks dturdh-dturdhndh

admtd-admtd khk nkskjpdh socdrd torpksdb ndldj skstoj pdmdr.

Vojksdbdh monud gohks dturdh-dturdh ndh admtd-admtd torsoùt jojklkmk

òòrdpd mouhtuhedh, ydktu portdjd, jojundbmdh uhtum joldmumdh

poru`dbdh ndldj `dsks poheotdbudh tdhpd òrkj`ds `dhydm pdnd joskh

khaorohsk ndh so`dlkmhyd. Monud, òreuhd uhtum poheoj`dhedh ndh

mijpihoh-mijpihoh ldkhhyd ydhe torndpdt pdnd skstoj pdmdr (tormocudlk

`dsks poheotdbudh).

3. Jojirk morgd jorupdmdh tojpdt pohykjpdhdh admtd-admtd ydhe nkmotdbuk

ndrk bdskl johgdwd` portdhyddh.>. Vojdmdk (usor) dhtdrjumd pojdmdk (usor khtoradco) jorupdmdh dpd ydhe

nktdjpklmdh nk bdndpdh usor, gdnk joldluk usor khtoradco-ldb, usor ndpdt

joldmumdh khtordmsk nohedh skstoj, ydktu nohedh jojdsummdh khput ndh

johorkjd iutput. Mdrohd ktu, pordhcdhedh usor khtoradco bdrusldb jojohubk

prkhskp usor arkohnly, ydktu jundb nkeuhdmdh ilobusorndh sogolds juhemkh

dedr tkndm torgdnk dndhyd sdldb khtorprotdsk. Voheoj`dhe dmdh òrbdndpdh

nohedh onktirndhsiurco cino wdmtu joheoj`dhemdh prierdj.


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03

?. Adsklktds pohgoldsdh jojòrkmdh pohgoldsdh mopdnd usor joheohdk dldsdh

ydhe nkòrkmdh ndrk silusk.

1. Vrierdj omstorhdl. @or`dedk prierdj soportk ndtd`dso, sprodnsboots,

dleirktjd ndh ldkhhyd ydhe òrauhesk uhtum johnumuhe skstoj.

0.;. Poprosohtdsk VoheotdbudhDedr poheotdbudh ndpdt nkeuhdmdh ndldj skstoj, poheotdbudh bdrus

nkroprosohtdskmdh ndldj airjdt tortohtu ydhe mojunkdh nkbkjpuh ndldj sudtu

`dsks poheotdbudh.

Poprosohtdsk poheotdbudh jorupdmdh jotino ydhe nkeuhdmdh uhtum

joheinomdh poheotdbudh ndldj soùdb skstoj pdmdr ydhe òr`dsks poheotdbudh

ydhe nkjdmsunmdh uhtum johdhemdp skadt-skadt pohtkhe pri`lojd ndh jojùdt

khairjdsk ktu ndpdt nkdmsos ilob prisonur pojocdbdh pri`lojd, (Musrkhk, 0661).

0.;.4. Jinol Poprosohtdsk VoheotdbudhMusrkhk (0661) òrpohndpdt `dbwd poheotdbudh ndpdt nkroprosohtdskmdh

ndldj òhtum ydhe sonorbdhd dtdu mijploms, toredhtuhe ndrk jdsdldbhyd.

@oòrdpd jinol roprosohtdsk poheotdbudh ydhe pohtkhe, nkdhtdrdhyd7 liekmd,

gdrkhedh sojdhtkm, i`goct-dttrkùto-vdluo (IDQ), `khemdk, mdkndb prinumsk.

0.;.4.4. Jinol LiekmdLiekmd jorupdmdh sudtu pohemdgkdh kljkdb tohtdhe sordhemdkdh

pohdldrdh, skstoj mdkndb, ndh prisonur ydhe joj`dhtu prisos pohdldrdh.

Ndldj joldmumdh pohdldrdh, mijputor bdrus ndpdt joheeuhdmdh prisos

pohdldrdh nonumtka ndh khnumtka mo ndldj òhtum ydhe sosudk nohedh jdhkpuldsk

mijputor, (Musrkhk, 0661).

@orkmut khk cihtib pohdldrdh nonumtka7

Vroj s jdyir 7 G d u dh turuh Sdyd t d d dh johcuc jitir.

Vroj s j hir 7 Vde h u dh turuh.

Mihmlusk 7 lob mdrohd ktu pdek khk Sdyd tkndm dmdh

ohcuck jitir.

Cihtib pohdldrdh khnumtka dndldb so`dedk òrkmut7

Vrojks 7 kind ydhe sdldb johyo`d`mdh pordldtdh olomtrihkm

rusdm.


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Vrojks 7 rdhskstir rusdm johyo`d`mdh olomtrihkm rusdm.

Vrojks 7 KC rusdm johyo`d`mdh pordldtdh olomtrihkm tkndm

òrauhesk.

Mihmlusk 7 dmd, pordldtdh sojkmihnumtir rusdm jorupdmdh

pohyo`d` utdjd rusdmhyd pordldtdh olomtrihkm.

0.;.4.0. Jinol Gdrkhedh SojdhtkmPoprosohtdsk gdrkhedh sojdhtkm jorupdmdh poheedj`drdh erdaks ndrk

poheotdbudh ydhe jojporlkbdtmdh buùhedh bkrdrmks ndrk i`yom-i`yom,

mijpihoh ndsdr ydhe nkeuhdmdh uhtum joroprosohtdskmdhhyd dndldb skjpul

(hino) ndh pohebuùhe (lkhm), (Musrkhk, 0661).

Edj`dr 0.> òrkmut khk dndldb soùdb cihtib `dedkjdhd poheotdbudh

ndpdt nkroprosohtdskmdh joheeuhdmdh gdrkhedh sojdhtkm7

Ldptip Mijputor Dldt Olomtrihkm

Jihktir

jojklkmk

jorupdmdh jorupdmdh

Edj`dr 0.>Poprosohtdsk gdrkhedh sojdhtkm, (Musrkhk, 0661).

Gdrkhedh sojdhtkm pdnd Edj`dr 0.> joroprosohtdskmdh porhydtddh

`dbwd sojud mijputor jorupdmdh dldt olomtrihkm, sojud ldptip dndldb

mijputor, ndh sojud mijputor jojklkmk jihktir. Ndrk porhydtddh torsoùt ndpdt

nkmotdbuk `dbwd sojud ldptip jojklkmk jihktir ndh bdhyd so`dekdh dldt

olomtrihkm ydhe jojklkmk jihktir.

0.;.4.3. Jinol I`goct-Dttrkùto-Qdluo(IDQ)I`goct ndpdt òrupd òhtum akskm dtdu mihsop ndh dttrkùto dndldb

mdrdmtorkstkm dtdu skadt ndrk i`goct torsoùt, sondhemdh vdluo (Hkldk)

òsdrdh/hkldk/tdmdrdh sposkakm ndrk dttrkùto torsoùt pdnd sktudsk tortohtu, ndpdt

òrupd hujorkm, strkhe dtdu @iilodh, (Musrkhk, 0661).

Soùdb i`goct `ksd jojklkmk òòrdpd dttrkùto, `kdsd nksoùt IDQ

jultk-dttrkùto, (Musrkhk, 0661).

Cihtib roprosohtdsk poheotdbudh nohedh IDQ nktuhgummdh pdnd ^dòl

0.3.


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^dòl 0.3Poprosohtdsk poheotdbudh nohedh IDQI`goct Dttrkùto Qdluo

Sojdhemd Udrhd Bkgdu

Dpol Udrhd Bkgdu, Jordb

0.;.4.>. Jinol @khemdk (Ardjo)@khemdk òrupd rudhe-rudhe (slits) ydhe òrksk dtrkùt uhtum

johnosmrkpskmdh poheotdbudh, nkjdhd poheotdbudh ydhe torjudt ndldj slit

ndpdt òrupd mogdnkdh, limdsk, sktudsk, dtdupuh olojoh-olojoh ldkhhyd.

@khemdk jojudt nosmrkpsk soùdb i`yom nohedh joheeuhdmdh tdùldsk

khairjdsk ydhe òrbuùhedh nohedh i`yom.

@khemdk johdj`dbmdh mocorndsdh pdnd roprosohtdsk ndtd ndhjohekgkhmdh i`yom uhtum johuruhmdh hkldk ndrk i`yom ydhe ldkh, (Musrkhk, 0661).

Vdnd ^dòl 0.> ndpdt nklkbdt cihtib `khemdk morusdmdh ldptip.

^dòl 0.>@khemdk morusdmdh ldptip

Pudhe (slits) Ksk (akltors)

Gohks morusdmdh Ldptip tkndm `ksd ìitkhe

Ckrk morusdmdh d. PDJ tkndm cijpdtk`lo nohedh jitborìdrn

`.Bdrn nksmtkndm tornotomsk nk @KIS

Silusk d. Edhtk nohedh gohks PDJ ydhe cijpdtk`lo nohedh

jitborìdrn

`. Khstdll uldhe skstoj ipordskSoportk pdnd gdrkhedh sojdhtkm, tkndm dnd stdhndr uhtum johnoakhkskmdh

skstoj òr`dsks `khemdk.

0.;.4.?. Jinol Mdkndb VrinumskMdkndb johyonkdmdh cdrd airjdl uhtum joroprosohtdskmdh romijohndsk,

drdbdh, dtdu strdtoek. Mdkndb prinumsk nktulksmdh ndldj òhtum gkmd-jdmd (ka-tboh)

ydhe johebuùhemdh dhtosonoh (dhtoconoht) nohedh mihsomuohsk ydhe

nkdmk`dtmdhhyd, (Musrkhk, 0661).

@or`dedk strumtur mdkndb ka-tboh ydhe johebuùhemdh i`yom dtdu dtrkùt

dndldb so`dedk òrkmut, (Musrkhk, 0661)7

GKMD projks JDMD mihmlusk

GKMD jdsumdh JDMD moludrdh

GKMD mihnksk JDMD tkhndmdh

GKMD dhtosonoh JDMD mihsomuoh

GKMD ndtd JDMD bdskl

GKMD tkhndmdh JDMD tugudh


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Vrojks johedcu pdnd admtd ydhe bdrus òhdr soòluj mihmlusk tortohtu

ndpdt nkporilob. Jdsumdh johedcu pdnd ndtd ydhe bdrus torsonkd soòluj

moludrdh ndpdt nkporilob. Mihnksk johedcu pdnd modnddh ydhe bdrus òrldmu

soòluj tkhndmdh ndpdt nkdj`kl. Dhtosonoh johedcu pdnd sktudsk ydhe torgdnk

soòluj mihsomuohsk ndpdt nkdjdtk. Ndtd johedcu pdnd moekdtdh ydhe bdrus

nkldmumdh soòluj bdskl ndpdt nkbdrdpmdh. ^khndmdh johedcu pdnd moekdtdh ydhe

bdrus nkldmumdh soòluj bdskl ndpdt nkbdrdpmdh.

Mdkndb ndpdt nkmldskakmdskmdh johgdnk nud, ydktu mdkndb nordgdt portdjd

(akrst irnor rulo) ndh mdkndb jotd (jotd rulo), (Musrkhk, 0661). Mdkndb nordgdt

portdjd dndldb mdkndb sonorbdhd ydhe tornkrk ndrk dhtosonoh ndh mihsomuoh,

jksdlhyd7

GKMD subu prisossir tkndm hirjdl ( 8 16 )

JDMD khstdll uldhe skstoj ipordsk

Mdkndb jotd dndldb mdkndb ydhe dhtosonoh ndh mihsomuohhyd

johedhnuhe khairjdsk tohtdhe mdkndb ydhe ldkh, jksdlhyd, (Musrkhk, 0661)7

Dturdh 47

GKMD johedldjk mobkldhedh mosdndrdh ydhe òrldhesuhe

sdhedt skhemdt, sobkheed dmtkvktds ydhe sondhe

òrgdldh torbohtk

NDH tormdndhe nksortdk nohedh jdtd ydhe johdtdpmisihe ndh eordmdh jkimlihkm ndrk somolijpim

itit jdtd dtdu wdgdb, itijdtksjo, mobkldhedh

tihus itit (sobkheed `drdhe ydhe nkpoedhe `ksd

torgdtub dtdu `kld sondhe òrnkrk `ksd torgdtub)

NDH sordhedh tordmbkr nohedh nkkmutk ilob pulkbhyd

mosdndrdh

NDH òrldhesuhe òòrdpd notkm sdjpdk sotohedb

johkt, ndh ndpdt òrldhesuhe pulubdh mdlk ndldj

sobdrk

JDMD johedldjk tkpo sdwdh lohd

Dturdh 07

GKMD t po sdwdh ujuj

D^D_ t po sdwdh j i ih

D^D_ tkpo sdwdh lohd

D^D_ tkpo sdwdh tihkm-mlihkm

NDH OOE t d johuh u dh d dhyd o d hdh i d

NDH pohyo d t d otd u

NDH dw tdh or u uhedh ohedh us d

JDMD tormohd opklopsk knkipdtkm ujuj


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05

Ndldj cihtib nk dtds, mihsomuoh ndrk dturdh 4, ydktu johedldjk sdwdh lohd,

johgdnk dhtosonoh `dek dturdh 0.

0.46.KhaorohskKhaorohsk jorupdmdh prisos uhtum johebdsklmdh khairjdsk ndrk admtd

ydhe nkmotdbuk dtdu nkdsujskmdh, ndldj skstoj pdmdr prisos khaorohsk nkldmumdh

pdnd sudtu jinul ydhe òrksk prierdj tohtdhe `dedkjdhd joheohndlkmdh prisos

rodsihkhe, (Musrkhk, 0661).

ôrndpdt nud jotino khaorohsk ydhe nkeuhdmdh ndldj skstoj pdmdr, ydktu

airwdrn cbdkhkhendh `dcmwdrn cbdkhkhe.

0.46.4.Airwdrn CbdkhkheMihsop ndrk airwdrn cbdkhkhe òrdhemdt ndrk projks johugu mopdnd

moskjpuldh dmbkr, sorkhe nksoùt ndtd nrkvoh (ydktu, pohcdrkdh nkmohndlkmdh ilob

ndtd ydhe nkòrkmdh), drtkhyd sudtu prisos ydhe jojuldk pohcdrkdh ndrk projks

dtdu ndtd johugu mihmlusk. Ndldj pohedhdlksksdh jdsdldb, mijputor johcdrk

admtd dtdu hkldk ydhe sosudk nohedh sydrdt pdnd pisksk GKMD ndrk rulo GKMD-

JDMD.

Com ndldj

`dsks dturdh

Com dturdh

òrkmuthyd

Skjpdh dturdhtorsoùt

Solosdk

Khairjdsk

Com dpdmdb dnddturdh ydhe sosudk

Cdrk dturdhòrkmuthyd

@ohdr

@ohdr Sdldb

Sdldb

Edj`dr 0.? Dleirktjdairwdrn cbdkhkhe

(Nurmkh, 4;;>).

Socdrd edrks òsdr prisos pohdldrdh nohedh airwdrn cbdkhkhe dndldb

so`dedk òrkmut7


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02

4. Strdtoek khaorohsk nkjuldk nohedh nkmotdbuk dndhyd admtd-admtd.

0. Johndpdtmdh admtd `dru joheeuhdmdh dturdh-dturdh ydhe projkshyd sosudk

nohedh admtd ydhe nkmotdbuk.

3. Vrisos torsoùt nk ldhgutmdh bkheed tugudhhyd torcdpdk dtdu sdjpdk tkndm dnd

ldek dturdh ydhe projkshyd sosudk nohedh admtd ydhe dnd.

0.46.0.@dcmwdrn Cbdkh kheMihsop`dcmwdrn cbdkhkhe nkjuldkndrk pohcdrkdh silusk ndrk moskjpuldh

mojunkdh joholusurk admtd-admtd ydhe dnd bkheed johojumdh silusk ydhe sosudk

nohedh admtd-admtd ydhe nkòrkmdh ilob usor. @dcmwdrn cbdkhkhe jorupdmdh

prisos pohdldrdh nohedh pohnomdtdh eidl-nrkvoh. Vohnomdtdh eidl-nrkvoh

jojuldk tktkm pohnomdtdhhyd ndrk eidl ydhe dmdh nkcdrk hkldkhyd mojunkdh

òreordm uhtum johcdrk khairjdsk ydhe johnumuheeidl torsoùt.

0.44.@dsks Ndtd0.44.4.Noakhksk @dsks Ndtd

Voheortkdh @dsksndtd @oòrdpd poheortkdh `dsksndtd johurut pdrd dblk

dndldb so`dedk òrkmut, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)7

4. Stopbohs ndh Vlow (0666), dndldb jomdhksjo ydhe nkeuhdmdh uhtum

johykjpdh khairjdsk dtdu ndtd. Khairjdsk dndldb sosudtu ydhe mktd euhdmdh

sobdrk- bdrk uhtum òr`dedk dldsdh. Nohedh `dsksndtd, poheeuhd ndpdt

johykjpdh ndtd socdrd toriredhksdsk. Sotoldb ndtd nkskjpdh, khairjdsk bdrus

jundb nkdj`kl. Mrktorkd ndpdt nkeuhdmdh uhtum johedj`kl khairjdsk. Cdrd

ndtd nkskjpdh ndldj `dsks ndtd johohtumdh soòrdpd jundb johcdrk

khairjdsk òrndsdrmdh `dhydm mrktorkd. Ndtd puh bdrus jundb nktdj`dbmdh mondldj `dsksndtd, nkjinkakmdsk, ndh nkbdpus.

0. Sklòrscbdtz, nmm. (0660), johnoakhkskmdh `dsksndtd so`dedk mujpuldh ndtd

òrksk khairjdsk ydhe sosudk uhtum soùdb porusdbddh.

3. Pdjdmrksbhdh ndh Eobrmo (0663), johydtdmdh `dsksndtd so`dedk mujpuldh

ndtd, ujujhyd johnosmrkpskmdh dmtkvktds sdtu iredhksdsk dtdu lo`kb ydhe

òrbuùhedh.


46/168

0;

>. JcLoin, nmm. (0664), dndldb mujpuldh solurub sujòr ndyd òr`dsks

mijputor jklkm iredhksdsk.

@dsksndtd dndldb mujpuldh ndtd ydhe sdlkhe òrbuùhedh ydhe

joroalomskmdh admtd-admtd ydhe torndpdt nk iredhksdsk. @dsksndtd johnosmrkpskmdh

stdto iredhksdsk/porusdbddh/skstoj. Sddt sdtu mogdnkdh juhcul nk nuhkd hydtd

joheu`db stdto iredhksdsk/porusdbddh/skstoj jdmd sdtu poru`dbdh puh bdrus

nkldmumdh torbdndp ndtd ydhe nkskjpdh nk `dsksndtd.

0.44.0.JinolOhtk ty-PoldtkihsbkpOhtkty Poldtkihsbkp (OP) ndtd jinol nkndsdrmdh pdnd porsopsk nuhkd

hydtd ydhe torsusuh dtds mujpuldh i`gom-i`gom ndsdr ydhe nksoùt ohtktds ndh

buùhedh dhtdr i`gom, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?).

Ohtktds dndldb sosudtu dtdu i`gom ndldj nuhkd hydtd ydhe ndpdt

nkòndmdh ndrk i`gom ldkh, so`dedk cihtib jdskhe-jdskhe jdbdskswd dndldb

ohtktds ndh jdtd mulkdb ndpdt puld nkdhedp so`dedk ohtktds. Ohtktds ndldj

`dsksndtd nohedh mujpuldh dtrkùt. Jksdlhyd dtrkùt hkj, hdjd, dldjdt, mitd `ksd

joheedj`drmdh ndtd ndrk ohtktdsjdbdskswd.

Poldtkihsbkp (Poldsk) dndldb buùhedh ndrk òòrdpd ohtktds. So`dedk

cihtib roldsk johebuùhemdh jdbdskswd nohedh jdtd mulkdb ydhe nkdj`klhyd,

(Skjdrjdtd, 066?).

0.44.3.Nkderdj Ohtkty-Poldtkihsbkp(NkderdjO-P)Ohtkty Poldtkihsbkp Nkderdjdndldb dldt pojinoldh ndtd utdjd ndh dmdh

joj`dhtu joheiredhksdsk ndtd ndldj sudtu priyom mondldj ohtktds-ohtktds ndh

johohtumdh buùhedh dhtdr ohtktds,(Skjdrjdtd, 066?).Hitdsk dtdu skjìl ydhe nkeuhdmdh ndldj nkderdj O-P, (Skjdrjdtd,

066?)7


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36

^dòl 0.?Hitdsk ydhe nkeuhdmdh ndldj nkderdjO-P

Skjìl Noakhksk

OhtktdsVorsoek pdhgdhe jowdmklk mujpuldh ohtktds

DtrkùtOlkps jowdmklk dtrkùt ydhe nkjklkmk ilob ohtktds

Lkhm

Edrks johebuùhemdh dtrkùt nohedh mujpuldh

ohtktdsndh mujpuldh ohtktdsnohedh roldsk

Poldsk@oldb motupdt jowdmklk roldsk dhtdr ohtktds

0.44.>.Vojotddh MdrnkhdlktdsVojotddh mdrnkhdlktds johydtdmdh gujldb ohtktds nkjdhd ohtktds ldkh

ndpdt nkbuùhemdh mo ohtktds torsoùt joldluk soùdb bkjpuhdh roldsk,

(Skjdrjdtd, 066?).

Vojotddh mdrnkhdlktds sdhedt òreuhd ndldj johohtumdh bkjpuhdh

roldsk `khor josmkpuh pojotddh ndpdt òrpordh ndldj nosmrkpsk bkjpuhdh roldsk

ydhe jolk`dtmdh lo`kb ndrk nud bkjpuhdh ohtktds.

Dnd òòrdpd pojotddh mdrnkhdlktds, ydktu, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)7

4) Iho-ti-Iho,soùdb ohtktdspdnd D òrbuùhedh nohedh pdlkhe `dhydm sdtu

ohtktdspdnd @ ndh soùdb ohtktdspdnd @ òrbuùhedh nohedh pdlkhe `dhydm

sdtu ohtktdspdnd D.

D

d4

d0

d3

d>

@

`4

`0

`3

`>

Edj`dr 0.1 Buùhedh Iho-ti-Iho, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)

Cihtib7 Dturdh `kshks7

d) Vdnd pohedgdrdh prkvdt, sdtu euru sdtu skswd.

`) Soirdhe euru johedgdr soirdhe skswd, soirdhe skswd nkdgdr ilob

soirdhe euru.

E_P_ JOHEDGDP SKSUD4 4

Edj`dr 0.5Cihtib roldsk Iho-ti-Iho, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)


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34

0) Iho-ti-Jdhy, soùdb ohtktds pdnd D òrbuùhedh nohedh hil dtdu lo`kb

ohtktds pdnd @. Soùdb ohtktds pdnd @ ndpdt nkbuùhemdh nohedh pdlkhe

`dhydm sdtu ohtktdspdnd D.

D

d4

d0

d3

@

`4

`0

`3

`>

`?

Edj`dr 0.2 Buùhedh Iho-ti-Jdhy (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)


d) Ndldj sdtu porusdbddh, sdtu `dekdh jojpomorgdmdh `dhydm poedwdk.

`) Sdtu `dekdh jojpomorgdmdh `dhydm poedwdk, sdtu poedwdk morgd

ndldj sdtu `dekdh.

@DEKDH Jojpomorgdmdh VOEDUDK4 J

Edj`dr 0.;Cihtib roldsk Iho-ti-Jdhy, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)

3) Jdhy-ti-Iho, soùdb ohtktdspdnd D òrbuùhedh nohedh pdlkhe `dhydm sdtu

ohtktds pdnd @. Soùdb ohtktds pdnd @ ndpdt nkbuùhemdh nohedh hil dtdu

lo`kb ohtktdspdnd D.

D

d4

d0

d3

d>

@

`4

`0

`3

d?

Edj`dr 0.46 BuùhedhJdhy-ti-Iho, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)


d) Ndldj sdtu porusdbddh, `dhydm poedwdk nkpomorgdmdh pdnd sdtu

`dekdh.

`) @dhydm poedwdk nkpomorgdmdh pdnd sdtu `dekdh, sdtu poedwdk òmorgd

ndldj sdtu `dekdh.


49/168

30

VOEDUDK Nkpomorgdmdh @DEKDHJ 4

Edj`dr 0.44Cihtib roldskJdhy-ti-Iho, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)

>) Jdhy-ti-Jdhy, soùdb ohtktds pdnd D òrbuùhedh nohedh hil dtdu lo`kb

ohtktdspdnd @ ndh soùdb ohtktdspdnd @ ndpdt nkbuùhemdh hil dtdu lo`kb

ohtktdspdnd D.

D

d4

d0

d3

d>

@

`4

`0

`3

`>

Edj`dr 0.40 BuùhedhJdhy-ti-Jdhy, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)


d) Ndldj uhkvorsktds, soirdhe jdbdskswd ndpdt johedj`kl `dhydm jdtd

mulkdb.

`) Sdtu jdbdskswd johedj`kl `dhydm jdtd mulkdb ndh sdtu jdtd mulkdb

nkdj`kl `dhydm jdbdskswd.

JDBDSKSUD JOHEDJ@KL JD^DM_LKDBJ H

Edj`dr 0.43Cihtib roldskJdhy-ti-Jdhy, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?)

0.44.?.HirjdlksdskHirjdlksdsk dndldb `dekdh pordhcdhedh `dsksndtd. ^dhpd hirjdlksdsk,

skstoj `dsksndtd johgdnk tkndm dmurdt, ldj`dt, tkndm oakskoh, sortd tkndm

jojòrkmdh ndtd ydhe nkbdrdpmdh, (Skjdrjdtd, 066?).

Vdnd wdmtu johirjdlksdsk `dsksndtd dnd ojpdt tugudh ydhe bdrus

nkcdpdk, ydktu7

4) Johedtur ndtd ndldj molijpim-molijpim sobkheed jdskhe-jdskhe molijpim

bdhyd johdhedhk `dekdh mockl skstoj=

0) Jojkhkjdlmdh gujldb ndtd òruldhe ndldj `dsksndtd=

3) Jojùdt `dsksndtd ydhe ndtdhyd nkdmsos ndh nkjdhkpuldsk socdrd copdt ndh

oakskoh tdhpd jolupdmdh khtoerktds ndtd=


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33

>) Johedtur ndtd sonojkmkdh rupd sobkheed motkmd jojinkakmdsk ndtd, bdhyd

joheu`db pdnd sdtu tojpdt.

4. @ohtum Hirjdlûgudh prisos hirjdlksdsk dndldb johemihvorsk roldsk johgdnk òhtum hirjdl

lo`kb tkheek. ôrndpdt òrdedj tkhemdt òhtum hirjdl, ydktu7

d. @ohtum Hirjdl Vortdjd (4HA dtduakrst hirjdl airj)

@ohtum hirjdl portdjd dndldb omkvdloh nohedh noakhksk jinol roldskihdl.

Poldsk dndldb òhtum hirjdl portdjd (4HA) gkmd sojud hkldk dtrkùthyd dndldb

sonorbdhd (ùmdh mijpiskt).

Sydrdt7

4) ^kndm dnd sot dtrkùt ydhe òruldhe dtdu òrhkldk edhnd=

0) ôldb nktohtumdhhyd prkjdry moy uhtum tdòl dtdu roldsk=

3) ^kdp dtrkùt bdhyd jojklkmk sdtu poheortkdh=

>) ^kdp dtrkùt ydhe ndpdt jojkkmk `dhydm hkldk soòhdrhyd joheedj`drmdh

ohtktdsdtdu roldsk ydhe torpksdb.

`. @ohtum hirjdl monud (0HA dtdusocihn hirjdl airj)

Sydrdt7

4) @ohtum ndtd toldb jojohubk mrkt

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