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Simulation and modeling of smarter large power grids. Omar Saad , Researcher IREQ/Hydro-Québec . ADVANCED ENERGY 2012 30-31 Octobre 2012, New York, NY, USA . Modern (Future) power systems. Increasingly complex transmission and distribution systems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Simulation and modeling of smarter large power grids
ADVANCED ENERGY 201230-31 Octobre 2012, New York, NY, USA
Omar Saad,Researcher IREQ/Hydro-Québec
Groupe – Technologie2
Modern (Future) power systems
> Increasingly complex transmission and distribution systems
> Evolution and upgrading of existing systems allowing to increase the penetration of renewable energies and to elevate security and flexibility levels
> Delivery of greener power > Large scale integration of renewable generation > Central and distributed generators, microgrids> Proliferation of HVDC systems> Smart Grids
• Huge needs in information and data for the operation and planning of power systems
Groupe – Technologie3
Large scale integration of renewable generation
> Deployment of intelligent controls, computer applications and communications
> Smart technologies for the interconnection of renewable energy generators in wide geographic areas
> Management of distributed resources> Power electronics application for: control
and variability> Sophistication of analysis methods
Groupe – Technologie4
Trends and challenges
> Simulation and analysis of super large networks with wideband models
• Electromagnetic and electromechanical transients> Simulation of super distribution grids (Smart network)> Challenges
• Data and data portability between power system applications• Visualization and analysis of huge systems• Parallel computations• Real-time computations• Online analysis• Unification of simulation methods and environments• Multi-domain simulations
Groupe – Technologie5
Simulation of very large systems: Hydro-Québec Network in EMTP-RV
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I/O FILES
Start EMTP
SimulationOptions
Simulation webShow Load-Flow
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XC4_boucherville
740.09/_6.4grandbrule_b770
751.51/_26.2saguenay_b718
759.06/_36.0
chibougamau_b783
752.38/_41.1arnaud_b709
759.34/_30.0chamouchouane_b731
753.88/_9.0appalaches_b790
754.73/_34.4abi tibi_b713
752.87/_20.7laverendrye_b714
748.11/_49.6montagnais_b710
749.84/_3.7descantons_b755
748.57/_1.0
monteregie_b784
738.42/_57.9
churchill_b760
763.82/_60.1
742.28/_1.9
carignan_b730
arnaud_b309
750.03/_34.2manicouagan_b705
haut
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748.86/_6.0
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751.38/_-0.8
chateauguay_b719
322.03/_79.2
767.32/_58.5lemoyne_b723
768.86/_63.5tilly_b724
radisson_b1020
radisson_b320
755.52/_60.3
lagrande2_b749
radisson_b720
micoua_b306
toulnustouc_b476
748.42/_37.7micoua_b706
a ab bc c
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305.45/_-1.8mauricie_b488
758.77/_45.7nemiscau_b780
760.56/_46.3albanel_b782
733.88/_0.3duvernay_b702
739.58/_1.4chenier_b715
746.90/_-0.7hertel_b708
748.78/_14.7jacquescartier_b717
326.63/_86.5
310.02/_5.0jacquescartier_b317
314.24/_8.7laurentides_b304
manicouagan_b305
317.28/_33.0bersimis1_b433
315.42/_33.7bersimis2_b434
749.82/_14.5laurentides_b704
752.80/_13.5levis_b703
boucherville_b701
742.00/_-0.0
• 1100 lines• 296 3-ph transformers• 532 loads• 7 SVC• 32 Synchronous
Condenser• 99 SM
Groupe – Technologie6
EMTP model of Gaspésie system:Integration of wind generation
RIVIÈRE-DU-LOUP 315/230/120 kV
36 M VAR
TO 735 kV SYSTEM
LÉVIS 735/315 kV
KAMOURASKA 315 kV
GOÉMON230/161/69 kV
Mont-LouisGE 100.5 MW
VigerREpower 25 MW
TO NEW-BRUNSWICK
RIMOUSKI 230/69 kV
RIMOUSKI 315/230 kV
MICMAC230/161 kV
CASCAPÉDIA 230/69 kV
MATAPÉDIA 315/230 kV
Gros MorneGE 211.5 MW
CarletonGE 109.5 MW
Vent du KemptEnercon100 MW
St-DamaseEnercon 24 MW
Le PlateauEnercon 161 MW
TemiscouataEnercon 25 MW
DC
TO NEW-BRUNSWICK
New RichmondEnercon 66 MW
St-Ulric/St-Léandre GE127.5 MW
Lac Alf redREpower 325 MW
Nordais-1Neg Micon 43 MW
Mont CopperVestas 54 MW
Montagne-Sèche GE 58.5 MW
Anse-à-Valleau GE 100.5 MW
Baie-des-Sables GE109.5 MW
Mont MillerVestas 54 MW
Nordais-2 Neg Micon 57 MW
DC
LESBOULES 230/120 kV
230 kV
315 kV
315 kV
230 kV 230 kV230 kV
161 kV
161 kV230 kV
230 kV
315 kV
315 kV
Three-Winding Transf ormer
Riv ière-Sainte-AnneCapacitiv e Div ider
AC Filters
AC Filters
Two-Winding Transf ormer
DC
Sy nchronous Condenser
HVDC Interconnection
Zigzag Grounding Transf ormer
Collector Sy stem For WPPLoad
315 kV Lines230 kV Lines
120 kV Lines161 kV Lines
69 kV Lines34,5 kV Lines25 kV or less Lines
+
+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
+
++
+
+
+
+
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CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
CP+
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CP+
+
LF
+
+
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Groupe – Technologie7
Hydro-Québec
> Pioneered important research and development works on advanced simulation methods for large scale and complex power systems
> Advanced real-time simulation methods> Advance off-line simulation methods> Sophisticated utilization of simulation tools for
transmission and distribution network studies> Integration of wind generation: 4 GW by 2015
• Based on detailed studies of electromagnetic and electromechanical transients
> At Hydro-Québec (TransÉnergie) the frequency range of simulation models has been constantly increasing with increasing computer speed, improved models and numerical performance.
Groupe – Technologie8
Real-Time simulator
> Capability to solve power systems quickly enough to produce outputs synchronized with the real-time clock
A second of simulation = 1 second of clock time when testing equipment> A real-time simulator can be connected directly to power system
control and protection equipment to test the equipment under realistic conditions
• For detecting abnormal operating conditions that cannot be found through numerical models
• For super-fast contingency analysis> Hydro-Québec develops HYPERSIM: a real-time simulator
Develop, improve and assess new protection and control concepts Optimize the operation and the maintenance power systems Decrease the time required to commission protection relays and
control systems (FACTS, HVDC, SVC, etc..) Reproduce events that occurred in the power system by using the
actual protection and control systems
Groupe – Technologie9
EMTP-RV
> Simulation and analysis of electromagnetic transients> General purpose circuit analysis tool: wideband, from
steady-state to time-domain> Detailed simulation and analysis of large scale electrical
systems> Network analysis: network separation, power quality,
geomagnetic storm, interaction between compensation and control components, wind generation
> Synchronous machines: SSR, auto-excitation, control> Multiterminal HVDC systems, Power electronics> Series compensation: MOV energy absorption, short-circuit
conditions, network interaction> Transmission line systems: insulation coordination,
switching, design, wideband line and cable models> Switchgear: TRV, shunt compensation, current chopping,
delayed-current zero conditions> Protection: power oscillations, saturation problems> Detailed transient stability analysis: more and more> Off-line tool: May save millions in design and operation!
Groupe – Technologie10
Simulation and Analysis
> The basis of all problems!> Modern power grids require advanced study and
analysis methods • for power system design• operation• post-mortem analysis
> Numerical models and solution methods now play a dominant role and contribute to all research and development levels.
> The needs for grid simulations increase significantly faster than the capability of researchers to deliver models and faster simulations methods.
Groupe – Technologie11
Simulation and Analysis
> Simulation and modeling are essential for the evolution and operation of modern power systems
> Can we build an electronic copy of the operated system?> Can we merge real-time and off-line simulation tools?> Can we replicate analog simulator style with numerical
simulators?> What is the highest computational speed?> How far: wideband and size> Can we unify simulation environments to work with
unique data sets and various analysis methods?> Can we create portable models and data?> Use Concurrent and multi-domain simulation methods
Groupe – Technologie12
New trends: Cloud computing
> Applications for power systems• Generation scheduling, unit commitment
– Complex optimization problems• Load-flow
– Probabilistic methods• Transient stability and electromagnetic transients
– Acceleration of simulations– Sensitivity analysis– Contingency analysis
> Dispatching of computing jobs into a resource pool> Simulation services with centralized and shared data> Increased utilization of available computing services> Higher automation levels
• Reduced human intervention• Private cloud systems• Public cloud systems• Community cloud: organizations working together
Groupe – Technologie13
New Trends: Parallel computing> Availability of increasing calculation capabilities through
multicore computers> Power system simulations involve the solution of linear sparse
systems> Traditional methods are generally sequential and use only one
CPU > The matrices are very sparse, moderate size, coupled and
unsymmetrical> For Load flow and steady-state studies the matrices are coupled
but the solution is performed once> For time domain it is possible to use the natural delay of the
lines to decouple the system. Not always feasible!> It is essential to explore new ways to increase the speed of
calculations while maintaining accuracy > Hydro-Québec with Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal and RTE
(France) are collaborating in an important research project to increase the speed of calculations using the possibilities offered by new technologies
Groupe – Technologie14
New Trends: Collaborative computing, Co-simulation
> Parallel computing can be done in a collaborative approach
> Several simulation tools addressing different aspects, telecom, control, electromechanical and electromagnetic transients, collaborate together to simulate the same power system
> Collaborative software environment can be implemented through a co-simulation channel in an indirect interaction (FMI)
> Use Federated simulation systems run-time infrastructure (RTI) to support interoperability (HLA)
> Scalable performance via parallel and distributed simulation techniques
Groupe – Technologie
Application: Large-scale Case diverse simulators (EMTP, Simulink)
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Groupe – Technologie
Challenges
>Decoupling : Where & How ???• Delays (measurement/controlled source)• Transfer of slowly changing states: need for
filters!• Automation of decoupling!
>Diverse solution methods: • Synchronization issues (e.g. Check for
instantaneous power injected by WTG !)> Global solution for all variables (not
only interface) & impact on validity for all types of studies
Groupe – Technologie17
Conclusions
> Research on power system simulation and analysis tools is now facing new and major challenges:
• Simulation of extremely large networks• Very complex networks, penetration of renewables
energy• Smart Grids
> New trends and means for solving increasingly complex problems
• Parallel computations• Cloud computing• Collaborative computing• Advanced visualization methods• Data portability with CIM
> Major research and revisions are needed in existing simulation tools
