SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN PLANTS CURRENT ADVANCES

Edited by

S. K. Sopory International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India

Ralf Oelmüller Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany

and

S. C. Maheshwari International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India

Springer-Science+Business Media, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Signal transduction in plants: current advances/edited by S.K. Sopory, Ralf Oelmüller, and S.C. Maheshwari.

p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ).

ISBN 978-1-4613-5518-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-1365-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1365-0

1. Plant cellular signal transduction. 2. Plant molecular biology. I. Sopory, S. K. II. Oelmüller, Ralf, 1957- III. Maheshwari, S. C. IV. ICGEB Symposium on Plant Signal Transduction (1st: 1999: New Delhi, India)

QK725 .S5474 2001 571.6'2—dc21

2001038774

Proceedings of the First ICGEB Symposium on Plant Signal Transduction, held 4-6 October, 1999, in New Delhi, India

ISBN 978-1-4613-5518-2

© 2001 Springer-Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York in 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Al l rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

Preface

"Signal Transduction" is an area of intensive scientific research at the present time. The current research focus in many laboratories is towards unraveling the mode by which environment and various physical and chemical signals influence gene expression, synthesis of proteins, and enzyme activity. Although much work has been done on animals, until recently molecules that perceive external signals and the signaling cascades operating in plants remain largely unknown. A year before relinquishing charge as Head of the New Delhi component of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Prof. K. K. Tewari conceived the plan of organizing an international symposium on Plant Signal Transduction to enable younger researchers in India and elsewhere to have an idea of this new field of research. The symposium was finally held between October 4 and 6, 1999. This volume presents updated contributions that were made in the meetings.

Because, unlike in animals, growth and development of plants are controlled so profoundly by light and other external factors, the mechanisms of perception and transduction of signals are in several respects rather unique to plants. This meeting began by discussion of the various kinds of novel photoreceptors that exist in plants, sensing red, far-red and blue light and proceeded to a consideration of how various signaling cascades operate to alter cellular metabolism and gene expression, bringing about the various developmental effects. One of the more memorable highlights of the meeting was the remarkable full-screen portrayal of photoreceptors moving in the nucleus from the cytoplasm upon exposure of cell to light and their exit when light was turned off. Plant growth and morphogenesis are also affected by biotic and abiotic stresses and hormones. Several contributions focussed on the role of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, light activated and other kinases and phosphatases that seem special to plants. G proteins, second messengers such as Ca ++ and phosphoinositides, alicyclic acid and nitric oxide. Because of the special role of chloroplasts in the life of a plant, an entire session was devoted to their biogenesis and interactions with the nucleus. Finally, since all higher plants are multicellular organisms and various external or internal signals must bring their effects through enhancement or suppression of cell division, and sometimes cell death, the concluding session concerned itself with a discussion of roles of various newly discovered molecules, such as cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, inhibitors like Rb (retinoblastoma) proteins affecting the cell cycle, as also proteases and caspases that cause cell death.

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Publishing proceedings of a conference like this has its usual pitfalls and disappointments. Despite our announcement in the meeting itself of the advance arrangement with Plenum Press to publish the proceedings and extending the deadline originally set, several participants failed to send their manuscripts in time. However, we have included the abstracts that were submitted to give an idea to readers of the full range of contributions made.

We hope that the volume will be an important addition to the literature of modem plant biology and inspire many younger workers to expand the horizons of knowledge. At the end, the Editors would like to acknowledge the help received from the present Director of ICGEB, Prof. V. S. Chauhan, and the staff of this Institute as well as at the Botanisches Institut of the University at Jena in Germany.

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S. K. Sopory R.Oelmiiller

S. C. Maheshwari

Contents

1. Differential Perception of Environmental Light by Phytochromes 1 MASAKI FURUYA

2. Functions and Actions of Arabidopsis Phytochromes ............... 9 KAREN J. HALLIDAY, UTA M. PRAEKELT, MICHAEL G. SALTER, AND GARRY C. WHITELAM

3. Signal Transduction in Photomorphogenesis: Intracellular Partitioning of Factors and Photoreceptors .................................. 19 EBERHARD SCHAFER, STEFAN KIRCHER, PATRICIA GIL, KLAUS HARTER, LANA KIM, FRANK WELLMER, LAZLO KOZMA-BOGNAR, EVA ADAM, AND FERENC NAGY

4. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Constitutively Photomorphogenic Mutants of Arabidopsis ....................................... 25 flTENDRA P. KHURANA, AKHILESH K. TYAGI, PARAMflT KHURANA, ANJU KOCHHAR, PRADEEP K. JAIN, ANIRUDDHA RAYCHAUDHURI, REKHA CHAWLA, ARVIND K. BHART!, ASHVERYA LAXMI, AND UJJAINI DASGUPTA

5. Cytosolic pH as a Secondary Messenger During Light Activation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase in Mesophyll Cells of C4 Plants 39 Ch. BHASKAR RAO, NASSER SYED, JHADESWAR MURMU, AND A. S. RAGHAVENDRA

6. A Role for Ectoapyrases and Extracellular ATP in Plant Growth and Development ............................................... 49 STANLEY J. ROUX, COLLIN THOMAS, AND ASHA RAJAGOPAL

7. Auxin- and GTP-binding Proteins and Protein Kinases from the Protonema of the Moss Funaria hygrometrica ................. 59 M. M. JOHRI, KISHORE C. PANIGRAHI, J. S. D'SOUZA, AND D. MITRA

8. Myoinositol Phosphates as Implicated in Metabolic Signaling and Calcium Homeostasis in Plants ................................. 71 SHASHIPRABHA DASGUPTA, DIPAK DASGUPTA, SUSWETA BISWAS, AND BIRENDRA B. BISWAS

9. The Phosphoinositide (PI) Pathway and Signaling in Plants . . . . . . . . . . 83 IMARA Y. PERERA, INGO HEILMANN, AND WENDY F. BOSS

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10. Phytochrome Signal Transduction in Cucumber Cotyledons. . . . . . . . . . 93 DOLORS VIDAL, CARMEN BERGARECHE, M. TERESA GIL, AND ESTHER SIMON

11. Calcium, Calmodulin and Phosphoinositides in Leaflet Movements Mediated by Phytochrome: Nyctinastic and Rhythmic Movements 103 LUISA MOYSSET, EVA FERNANDEZ, LUIS A. GOMEZ, AND ESTHER SIMON

12. Calmodulin and Plant Responses to the Environment: Modulation of Plant Tolerance to Toxic Metals by a Plasma Membrane Calcium/ Calmodulin Binding Channel .................................. 113 RAMANJULU SUNKAR, TZAHI ARAZI, BOAZ KAPLAN, DVORA DOLEV, AND HILLEL FROMM

13. Calcium Signaling: Downstream Components in Plants ............. 125 GIRDAR K. PANEY, VEENA, RENU DESWAL, SONA PANDEY, S. B. TEWARI, W. TYAGI, VANGA SIVA REDDY, ALOK BHATTACHARYA, AND SVDHIR K. SOPORY

14. Apoplast Calmodulin: The Identification, Functions and Transmembrane Mechanism ................................... 137 DAYE SUN AND LIGENG MA

15. CDPKs in Plant Signaling Networks: Progress in Research on a Groundnut CDPK .......................................... 145 MAITRAYEE DAS GUPTA AND SUBHO CHAVDHVRI

16. The Function of the Maize CRINKLY4 Receptor-like Kinase in a Growth Factor Like Signaling System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 PHILIP W. BECRAFf, MEENA R. CHANDOK, PING JIN, TAO GUO, YVONNE ASUNCION-CRABB, AND YUAN ZHANG

17. Novel Calcium/Calmodulin-modulated Proteins: Chimeric Protein Kinase and Small Auxin Up-regulated RNA ...................... 167 B.w. POOVAIAH, WVYI WANG, AND TlANBAO YANG

18. A Novel Ca2+/CaM-regulated Microtubule Motor Protein from Plants: Role in Trichome Morphogenesis and Cell Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 A. S. N. REDDY

19. Progress Towards the Identification of Cytokinin Receptors. . . . . . . . . . 193 RICHARD HOOLEY

20. Salicylic Acid- and Nitric Oxide-mediated Signal Transduction in

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Disease Resistance ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201 DANIEL F. KLESSIG, JORG DURNER, ROY NAVARRE, DHIRENDRA KUMAR, JYOTI SHAH, JUN MA ZHOU, SHUQUN ZHANG, DAVID WENDEHENNE, PRADEEP KACHROO, HERMAN SILVA, KEIKO YOSHIOKA, YOUSSEF TRIFA, DOMINIQUE PONTIER, ERIC LAM, ZHIXIANG CHEN, MARC ANDERSON, AND HE DU

21. Involvement of ROS and Caspase-like Proteases During Cell Death Induction by Plant Pathogens: Signaling in Plant Cell Death ......... 209 ERIC LAM, OLGA DEL POZO, AND DOMINIQUE PONTIER

22. The Role of HSF in Heat Shock Signal Transduction and Heat Shock Response in Plants .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 217 RALF pRANDL, CHRISTIAN LOHMANN, STEFANIE DOHR, AND FRITZ SCHOFFL

23. Towards Understanding the Recognition and Signal Transduction Processes in the Soybean-Phytophthora Sojae Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 MADAN K. BHATTACHARYYA, BONNIE G. ESPINOSA, TAKAO KASUGA, YONGQING LIU, SHANMUKHASWAMI S. SALIMATH, MARK GIJZEN, VAINO POISA, AND RICHARD BUZZELL

24. Elements of Signal Transduction Involved in Thylakoid Membrane Dynamics .................................................. 241 PETRA WEBER, ANNA SOKOLENKO, SAID ESHAGHI, HRVOJE FULGOSI, ALEXANDER V. VENER, BERTIL ANDERSSON, ITZHAK ORAD, AND REINHOLD G. HERRMANN

25. Novel Aspects in Photosynthesis Gene Regulation ................. 259 RALF OELMULLER, TATJANA PESKAN, MARTIN WESTERMANN, IRENA SHERAMETI, MEENA CHANDOK, SUDHIR K. SOPORY, ANKE WOSTEMEYER, VICTOR KUSNETSOV, STAVER BEZHANI, AND THOMAS PFANNSCHMIDT

26. Regulation of rDNA Transcription in Spinach Plastids by Transcription Factor CDF2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 SILVA LERBS-MACHE

27. Plastid Ribosome Biogenesis During the Early Steps of Chloroplast Differentiation: Elements Controlling the Activation of Nuclear Genes Encoding Plastid Ribosomal Proteins ............................ 287 REGIS MACHE, JEAN-LUC GALLOIS, AND PATRICK ACHARD

28. Mechanism of Regulation of Gene Expression for Chloroplast Proteins 297 AKHILESH K. TYAGI, JlTENDRA P. KHURANA, ARUN K. SHARMA, AMITABH MOHANTY, AMIT DHINGRA, SAURABH RAGHUVANSHI, AND TRIPTI GAUR

29. Functional Analysis of Pea Chloroplast DNA Polymerase and its Accessory Proteins ........................................ 309 AMOS GAIKWAD, NASREEN EHTESHAM, D. V. HOP, SHAOJ CHEN, AND SUNIL KUMAR MUKHERJEE

30. Signal Transduction by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) 321 ERWIN HEBERLE-BORS, ORNELLA CALDERINI, VIKTOR VORONIN, AND CATHAL WILSON

Index ......................................................... 331

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