Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 1856-1939 one of the most creative periods in history of science one of the most creative periods in history of science 1859 --

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

1856-19391856-1939 one of the most creative periods one of the most creative periods

in history of sciencein history of science 1859 -- publication of book that 1859 -- publication of book that

rocked scientific theory rocked scientific theory Origin of SpeciesOrigin of Species Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

psychic life can be represented by psychic life can be represented by 3 levels of consciousness3 levels of consciousness

A) consciousA) conscious B) pre-consciousB) pre-conscious C) unconsciousC) unconscious

Levels of Consciousness

How personality is organized

1) Much of our behavior is not freely 1) Much of our behavior is not freely chosen - but determined by nature and chosen - but determined by nature and strength of intrapsychic forcesstrength of intrapsychic forces

2) Forces usually operate unconsciously and 2) Forces usually operate unconsciously and we are largely unaware of true motiveswe are largely unaware of true motives

3) The form these forces take is deeply 3) The form these forces take is deeply affected by childhood experiences and affected by childhood experiences and familyfamily



Almost all mental activity takes place Almost all mental activity takes place unconsciously. unconsciously.

Things we forget do not disappear from the Things we forget do not disappear from the mind, but go to the unconsciousmind, but go to the unconscious

Material is not passively forgotten, but Material is not passively forgotten, but actively forgotten -- forced out of actively forgotten -- forced out of consciousness by process called repression.consciousness by process called repression.



The Necessity of InterpretationThe Necessity of Interpretation If Freud is correct, that origins of behavior If Freud is correct, that origins of behavior

is buried deep in the psyche, psychology is buried deep in the psyche, psychology must engage in must engage in ““interpretationinterpretation”” revealing revealing the hidden, intrapsychic motives. the hidden, intrapsychic motives. Interpretation FreudInterpretation Freud’’s tool. s tool.

Manifest content - surface meaningManifest content - surface meaning Latent content - true, unconscious Latent content - true, unconscious

meaning.meaning. Goal is to reveal, via interpretation, the Goal is to reveal, via interpretation, the

latent content: the unconscious forces latent content: the unconscious forces that cause people to do what they dothat cause people to do what they do



He adopted a form of treatment where the patient He adopted a form of treatment where the patient talked through his or her problems. This came to be talked through his or her problems. This came to be known as the "talking cure" and its goal was to known as the "talking cure" and its goal was to locate and release powerful emotional energy that locate and release powerful emotional energy that had initially been rejected or imprisoned in the had initially been rejected or imprisoned in the unconscious mind.unconscious mind.



Organization of Personality Organization of Personality

Id --Id --– sole function of the Id is to sole function of the Id is to

provide for the immediate discharge of quantities provide for the immediate discharge of quantities of excitation (energy/tension) that of excitation (energy/tension) that are released in organism by are released in organism by internal/external stimulationinternal/external stimulation

This function of the Id fulfills the initial This function of the Id fulfills the initial principle of life -- principle of life -- ““Pleasure PrinciplePleasure Principle””

Organization of PersonalityOrganization of Personality

Id is the primary source of psychic energyId is the primary source of psychic energy– does not change with the passage of timedoes not change with the passage of time– cannot be modified by experiencecannot be modified by experience– driven by one consideration only and that is to driven by one consideration only and that is to

obtain pleasure of instinctual needsobtain pleasure of instinctual needs– either the Id discharges -- or becomes bound by either the Id discharges -- or becomes bound by

the EGOthe EGO


The Id retains its infantile character The Id retains its infantile character throughout lifethroughout life

It cannot tolerate tensionIt cannot tolerate tension It wants immediate gratificationIt wants immediate gratification It is demanding, impulsive, irrational, It is demanding, impulsive, irrational,

asocial, selfish, and pleasure-lovingasocial, selfish, and pleasure-loving It is the spoiled-child of the personalityIt is the spoiled-child of the personality


Id is the obscure and inaccessible part of the Id is the obscure and inaccessible part of the personalitypersonality

Study the Id by dreams and neurotic Study the Id by dreams and neurotic symptomssymptoms

The Id does not think.... It only wishes or The Id does not think.... It only wishes or actsacts


The EGOThe EGO– excutive branch of the personalityexcutive branch of the personality– Instead of pleasure principle // reality principleInstead of pleasure principle // reality principle

Aim of Reality PrincipleAim of Reality Principle– postpone discharge of energy until actual object postpone discharge of energy until actual object

needed is producedneeded is produced


SUPEREGOSUPEREGO– judicial branch of personalityjudicial branch of personality– represents the ideal rather than the realrepresents the ideal rather than the real– SuperEgo is your conscience or moral overseerSuperEgo is your conscience or moral overseer

SuperEgo controls those impulses whose SuperEgo controls those impulses whose uncontrolled expression would endanger uncontrolled expression would endanger stability of society.stability of society.


Id --- is the product of evolution & biologyId --- is the product of evolution & biology

Ego --- interaction with environment & Ego --- interaction with environment & CognitionCognition

SuperEgo --- product of socializationSuperEgo --- product of socialization

Documents

Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 1856-1939 one of the most creative periods in history of science one of the most creative periods in history of science 1859 --