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Shifts in Demand. Mr. Barnett University High 2012-2013 AP Microeconomics . Demand – schedule of quantities of goods or services that will be purchased at various prices, at a specified time , all other things held constant - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SHIFTS IN DEMAND
Mr. BarnettUniversity High2012-2013AP Microeconomics
Demand – schedule of quantities of goods or services that will be purchased at various prices, at a specified time, all other things held constant Those “things” being held constant are the determinants of
demand Number of consumers Income normal goods Income inferior goods Consumer tastes and preferences Prices of related products – Substitutes Prices of related products – Complements Expected future prices by consumer Expected future income by consumer
As we all know, the demand of goods or services change over time
These changes cause shifts in the demand curve An increase in demand is shown by a shift to the right A decrease in demand is shown by a shift to the left
EQUILIBRIUM If we put up a supply and demand curve at the
same time … Equilibrium – when market price has reached
level where quantity supplied equals quantity demanded
Equilibrium price – price where quantity supplied meets quantity demanded
Equilibrium quantity – quantity supplied and quantity demanded at the equilibrium price
Shifts in curves will change equilibrium price/quantity
NUMBER OF CONSUMERS Can change because of various reasons
Population If 5 new families move into your neighborhood If the local school begins classes
Weather An incredibly hot September A extremely cold November
INCOME NORMAL GOODS Number of consumers increases
Shift right Number of consumers decreases
Shift left
INCOME NORMAL GOODS Normal good – a good where an increase in income leads to an
increase in demand
Inferior good – a good where an increase in income leads to a decrease in demand
As people’s incomes increase, they tend to buy more normal goods As people’s incomes decrease, they tend to buy more inferior
goods
INCOME NORMAL GOODS Increase in income - impact on normal goods
Shift right Decrease in income – impact on normal goods
Shift left
Increase in income – impact on inferior goods Shift left
Decrease in income – impact on normal goods Shift right
PREFERENCES & TASTES When consumers have a change in
preference or tastes, the demand for the good changes accordingly Oprah’s book club Medical studies
PREFERENCES AND TASTES Increase in preference
Shift right Decrease in preference
Shift left
SUBSTITUTES Prices of related products –
Substitutes As price of product x rises, its quantity
demanded decreases Demand for product y increases
As price of product x falls, its quantity demanded increases
Demand for product y decreases
SUBSTITUTES Prices of related products –
Complements As price of product x rises, its quantity
demanded decreases Demand for product y decreases as well
As price of product x falls, its quantity demanded increases
Demand for product y increases as well
SUBSTITUTES Expected future prices by consumer
If people expect prices to go up, demand _____ Increases; shift to the right
If people expect prices to go down, demand _____ Decreases; shift to the left
Expected future income by consumer If people expect their income to go up, demand _____
Increases; shift to the right
If people expect their future income to go down, demand _____ Decreases; shift to the left