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SHEF and IPEDS Annual FTE Data: A SHEF and IPEDS Annual FTE Data: A Comparative StudyComparative Study
Professional Development ConferenceProfessional Development Conference August 15-17, Chicago August 15-17, Chicago
Takeshi Yanagiura, Data AnalystTakeshi Yanagiura, Data AnalystState Higher Education Executive OfficersState Higher Education Executive Officers
Why did we do this study?Why did we do this study?SHEF Visibility SHEF Visibility ↑↑ SHEF increasingly used as a source of information on enrollments and operating SHEF increasingly used as a source of information on enrollments and operating
revenues for public higher educationrevenues for public higher education
Alternative Data: IPEDSAlternative Data: IPEDS Other high-profile policy analyses use IPEDS finance and enrollment data Other high-profile policy analyses use IPEDS finance and enrollment data
(Measuring Up, NCHEMS Funding Adequacy Study)(Measuring Up, NCHEMS Funding Adequacy Study)
We need to understand the nature and magnitude of differences between the two data sources
Annual FTE % Difference IPEDS Relative to SHEF, 2003-04
(Public 4-year and 2-year institutions)
*Dept. of Technical & Adult Education (DTAE) institutions were not included in Georgia's SHEF response in 2003-04.
-15.2%
39.6%
-0.5%
-20.0%
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
Cal
iforn
iaId
aho
Wis
cons
inN
ew Y
ork
Mis
sour
iT
enne
ssee
Mai
neK
entu
cky
Pen
nsyl
vani
aT
exas
Indi
ana
Ver
mon
tO
hio
Min
neso
taH
awai
iA
lask
aU
SA
rkan
sas
Virg
inia
Neb
rask
aN
orth
Dak
ota
Mas
sach
uset
tsIo
wa
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Wes
t Virg
inia
Ala
bam
aA
rizon
aLo
uisi
ana
New
Mex
ico
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Uta
hM
aryl
and
Ore
gon
Mon
tana
Okl
ahom
aM
ichi
gan
New
Ham
pshi
reM
issi
ssip
piC
olor
ado
Wyo
min
gIll
inoi
sC
onne
ctic
utR
hode
Isla
ndW
ashi
ngto
nF
lorid
aS
outh
Dak
ota
New
Jer
sey
Del
awar
eN
evad
aK
ansa
sG
eorg
ia*
SHEEO’s InquirySHEEO’s Inquiry
TimingTiming February – April 2006February – April 2006
We Provided…We Provided… Public 2 & 4 yr Annual FTE (AY 2004) from IPEDS Enrollment Public 2 & 4 yr Annual FTE (AY 2004) from IPEDS Enrollment
SurveySurvey This is the most recent year for which IPEDS and SHEF annual FTE This is the most recent year for which IPEDS and SHEF annual FTE
were availablewere available Prior to 2002-03, IPEDS FTE estimated from Fall term headcountPrior to 2002-03, IPEDS FTE estimated from Fall term headcount
We askedWe asked for for…… An institution by institution listing of AnAn institution by institution listing of Annual FTE reported to nual FTE reported to
SHEFSHEF
Response RateResponse Rate 34 state agencies responded to SHEEO’s inquiry 34 state agencies responded to SHEEO’s inquiry
Main FindingsMain FindingsDifferences in Differences in SHEF dataSHEF data Relative to IPEDS Relative to IPEDS
SUR doesn’t collect Summer FTESUR doesn’t collect Summer FTE
Tribal Colleges Tribal Colleges ExcludedExcluded
Estimate based on prior year’s dataEstimate based on prior year’s data
FTE calculation method difference FTE calculation method difference
Timing of Timing of data collection (End of Term, Census Date)data collection (End of Term, Census Date)
Career CenterCareer Centerss, Vocational Training Center, Vocational Training Centerss, etc. , etc. might bemight be exexcluded cluded fromfrom SHEF even if considered “Public 2-year” in IPEDS SHEF even if considered “Public 2-year” in IPEDS
SHEF excludes non-funded FTE (e.g. Adult Education)SHEF excludes non-funded FTE (e.g. Adult Education)
SHEF and IPEDS: SHEF and IPEDS: Fundamental DifferencesFundamental Differences
Reporting Dates vary by institutionsReporting Dates vary by institutions N = 57 (SHEF) vs. N = Approx. 1800 N = 57 (SHEF) vs. N = Approx. 1800
(IPEDS)(IPEDS) State vs. Institutional PerspectiveState vs. Institutional Perspective Non-funded vs. Funded FTE Non-funded vs. Funded FTE
Numeric agreement is not the goal!
Refresh Our Memory I:Refresh Our Memory I:SHEF FTE DefinitionSHEF FTE Definition
1 Undergraduate FTE = 1 Undergraduate FTE = 30 Credit Hours (for semester systems)30 Credit Hours (for semester systems) 45 Credit Hours (for quarter systems)45 Credit Hours (for quarter systems) 900 Contact Hours 900 Contact Hours
1 Graduate/First Professional FTE = 1 Graduate/First Professional FTE = 24 Credit Hours (for semester systems)24 Credit Hours (for semester systems) 36 Credit Hours (for quarter systems)36 Credit Hours (for quarter systems) A few states calculate First Professional A few states calculate First Professional
differentlydifferently
Refresh Our Memory II:Refresh Our Memory II:SHEF FTE DefinitionSHEF FTE Definition
SHEF FTE Includes: SHEF FTE Includes: Summer FTE (even if it is not state-funded)Summer FTE (even if it is not state-funded) Non-degree credit vocational-technical, Non-degree credit vocational-technical,
remedial and other program enrollments remedial and other program enrollments which result in some form of certificate or which result in some form of certificate or other formal recognition other formal recognition
SHEF FTE Does SHEF FTE Does NotNot Include Include Non-credit continuing education, adult Non-credit continuing education, adult
education, or extension courses, education, or extension courses, unless they unless they are state-fundedare state-funded. .
With Identical InstitutionsWith Identical Institutions
Public 2Public 2 Public 4Public 4 Public Public 2&42&4
All All Responded Responded States’ Avg.States’ Avg.
-0.8%-0.8% 1.4%1.4% 0.6 %0.6 %
The Largest The Largest DifferenceDifference 20.0%20.0% 34.6%34.6% 24.4%24.4%
IPEDS FTE relative to SHEF FTE
-0.8%
-17.2%
20.0%
-20.0%
-15.0%
-10.0%
-5.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%Ill
inoi
s
New
Ham
pshi
re
New
Jer
sey
Mis
siss
ippi
Nev
ada
Wyo
min
g
Nor
th D
akot
a
Iow
a
Okl
ahom
a
Col
orad
o
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Con
nect
icut
Ken
tuck
y
Virg
inia
Geo
rgia
Flo
rida
Ala
ska
Mas
sach
uset
ts
US
Mon
tana
Ala
bam
a
Wes
t Virg
inia
Ohi
o
Mar
ylan
d
Tex
as
Wis
cons
in
New
Yor
k
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: Public 2-yearPublic 2-year
(States responding to SHEEO’s inquiry Only)
-5.1%
34.6%
1.4%
-10.0%
-5.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
Col
orad
o
Nev
ada
Con
nect
icut
Nor
th D
akot
a
New
Jer
sey
Flo
rida
Mar
ylan
d
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Tex
as
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Mon
tana US
New
Yor
k
New
Ham
pshi
re
Iow
a
Okl
ahom
a
Mis
siss
ippi
Virg
inia
Ore
gon
Ala
ska
Ohi
o
Geo
rgia
Wis
cons
in
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Illin
ois
Mai
ne
Ken
tuck
y
Ala
bam
a
Wes
t Virg
inia
IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: Public 4-yearPublic 4-year
(States responding to SHEEO’s inquiry Only)
-6.5%
24.4%
0.6%
-10.0%
-5.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
Col
orad
o
Nev
ada
Illin
ois
New
Jer
sey
Nor
th D
akot
a
Wyo
min
g
Con
nect
icut
New
Ham
pshi
re
Mis
siss
ippi
Iow
a
Sou
th C
arol
ina
Flo
rida
Okl
ahom
a
Mon
tana US
Mar
ylan
d
Virg
inia
Ore
gon
Ala
ska
Geo
rgia
Ohi
o
Tex
as
Mas
sach
uset
ts
Ken
tuck
y
Pen
nsyl
vani
a
Ala
bam
a
Mai
ne
Wes
t Virg
inia
New
Yor
k
Wis
cons
in
IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: Public 2- and 4-year CombinedPublic 2- and 4-year Combined
(States responding to SHEEO’s inquiry Only)
ImplicationsImplications
Over-time Consistency is the most Over-time Consistency is the most important factor in SHEFimportant factor in SHEF
If you want to change FTE reporting If you want to change FTE reporting method to SHEF, please do so at method to SHEF, please do so at least from FY 2001, preferably from least from FY 2001, preferably from FY 1991 FY 1991
United States Public Postsecondary Enrollment, Educational Appropriations per FTE, and Total Educational Revenues per FTE, Fiscal 1980-2005
$6,934$7,117
$6,309
$5,825
$7,976
$9,196
$10,079
$9,246
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Pu
bli
c F
TE
En
roll
men
t (i
n m
illi
on
s)
$4,500
$5,500
$6,500
$7,500
$8,500
$9,500
$10,500
Do
llar
s p
er F
TE
FTE EdApprops/FTE TotEdRevs/FTE
National Recession
Constant 2005 dollars adjusted for inflation by SHEEO Higher Ed Cost Adjustment (HECA).