Upload
clara-williamson
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Shane WalkerShane Walker
Public Speaking LitePublic Speaking Lite
February 21, 2006February 21, 2006
Effective Visual PresentationsEffective Visual Presentations
Effective Presentations Effective Presentations
DeliveryDelivery
Game Day and Q&AGame Day and Q&A
PersuasionPersuasion
OrganizationOrganization
Visual Aids/ Visual Aids/ Group CohesivenessGroup Cohesiveness
DeliveryDelivery
ComfortableComfortable Vs. Confident Vs. Confident
StanceStance GesturesGestures VoiceVoice Eye ContactEye Contact
DeliveryDelivery
ComfortableComfortable Vs. Confident Vs. Confident
StanceStance GesturesGestures VoiceVoice Eye ContactEye Contact
Put hands in pocket
Sway from side to side
Movement as a crutch
Good posture
Feet shoulder width apart
Toes pointed to back of room
Arms to the side
DeliveryDelivery
ComfortableComfortable Vs. Confident Vs. Confident
StanceStance GesturesGestures VoiceVoice Eye ContactEye Contact
Gesturing too much
Not gesturing enough
Half-gestures
Distracting mannerisms
Keep above waist
Make them purposeful
Spatially representative
Relax arms when not gesturing
DeliveryDelivery
ComfortableComfortable Vs. Confident Vs. Confident
StanceStance GesturesGestures VoiceVoice Eye ContactEye Contact
Too quietly
Speaking in one continuous run-on
Monotone
Project
Use pauses and slow down
Use intonation and vocal variation
DeliveryDelivery
ComfortableComfortable Vs. Confident Vs. Confident
StanceStance GesturesGestures VoiceVoice Eye ContactEye Contact
Avoiding it altogether
Sprinkler
Back of the room or above their heads techniques
3-5 Seconds each
Work the room
Use it to guide emphasis and movement
What are the key the differences between What are the key the differences between composing a speech and a paper?composing a speech and a paper?
OrganizationOrganization
In a paper, all information is visibly In a paper, all information is visibly separated w/ important points separated w/ important points
highlightedhighlighted
In a paper, the reader can review all the In a paper, the reader can review all the informationinformation
Therefore
Speeches must be presented with a clear Speeches must be presented with a clear structure on the first, and only, timestructure on the first, and only, time
Such distinctions require us to develop and Such distinctions require us to develop and arrange our speeches to be even clearer, and arrange our speeches to be even clearer, and
more repetitive than a papermore repetitive than a paper
Keep in mind the Keep in mind the 3 T’s: Template, Typology, and 3 T’s: Template, Typology, and TechniqueTechnique..
OrganizationOrganization
Keep in mind the Keep in mind the 3 T’s: Template, 3 T’s: Template, Types of organization, and TransitionsTypes of organization, and Transitions..
TEMPLATETEMPLATEThe following template provides an effective way to The following template provides an effective way to organize your speech, highlighting important points organize your speech, highlighting important points
and optimizing audience retention.and optimizing audience retention.
Intro:Intro:Thesis:Thesis:
PREVIEW:PREVIEW:Points:Points:
#1:#1: transition:transition:
#2:#2: transition:transition:
#3:#3:REVIEW:REVIEW:
Conclusion:Conclusion:
OrganizationOrganization
Keep in mind the Keep in mind the 3 T’s: Template, 3 T’s: Template, Types of organization, and TransitionsTypes of organization, and Transitions..
TYPOLOGYTYPOLOGYOrganization schemes follow patterns that allow Organization schemes follow patterns that allow your audience to more easily follow and interpret your audience to more easily follow and interpret
your message.your message.
There is no perfect way to organize your speech. There is no perfect way to organize your speech. Use an organization scheme that will not only be Use an organization scheme that will not only be
effective and appropriate for your speech topic, but effective and appropriate for your speech topic, but one that you will enjoy delivering. one that you will enjoy delivering.
Different Organizational SchemesDifferent Organizational Schemes
Chronological – arranged in the order of occurrenceChronological – arranged in the order of occurrenceCause → Effect → SolutionCause → Effect → SolutionFunnel – initial broad analysis is developed into a Funnel – initial broad analysis is developed into a specific argumentspecific argumentReverse Funnel – specific arguments developed Reverse Funnel – specific arguments developed into a broad analysisinto a broad analysis
Spatial – ordered by position (physical, Spatial – ordered by position (physical, geographical, etc.)geographical, etc.)Acronyms – ordered around a play on words or Acronyms – ordered around a play on words or letterslettersDivide A Quote – take apart a quote into 2-4 Divide A Quote – take apart a quote into 2-4 sectionssectionsPriority – most important to least importantPriority – most important to least importantReverse Priority – least important to most importantReverse Priority – least important to most important
Topical – separate a larger subject into smaller Topical – separate a larger subject into smaller topicstopicsExtended Metaphor – use of a metaphor or analogy Extended Metaphor – use of a metaphor or analogy to explain a processto explain a processTheory / Practice – discuss something that didn’t Theory / Practice – discuss something that didn’t turn out as plannedturn out as plannedTime – place the longest arguments towards the Time – place the longest arguments towards the beginning and the shortest at the endbeginning and the shortest at the end
OrganizationOrganization
Keep in mind the Keep in mind the 3 T’s: Template, 3 T’s: Template, Types of organization, and TransitionsTypes of organization, and Transitions..
TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE
Redundancy/Consistency/Repetition – use and reuse the Redundancy/Consistency/Repetition – use and reuse the same words and phrase to explain your points; maintain the same words and phrase to explain your points; maintain the same order.same order.
Sign-Posts – find “catchy” ways to refer to your points so that Sign-Posts – find “catchy” ways to refer to your points so that they are easy for your audience to remember.they are easy for your audience to remember.
Transitions – use the same words/sign posts in your Transitions – use the same words/sign posts in your transitions…also:transitions…also:Effective transitions are crucial to cohesive speech Effective transitions are crucial to cohesive speech organization and smooth delivery.organization and smooth delivery.
Effective Presentations Effective Presentations
DeliveryDelivery OrganizationOrganization
Visual Aids/ Visual Aids/ Group CohesivenessGroup Cohesiveness
THINK: Does my speech need VA’s?THINK: Does my speech need VA’s?
Would I be . . .Would I be . . .
Enhancing?Enhancing?
Simplifying?Simplifying?
Adding Interest?Adding Interest?
Organize Your PresentationOrganize Your Presentation
Introductionand
ThesisPreview Body
RecommendReview Conclusion
Create the stage
– establish rapport
Mention what your
presentation is about
Support all points
with relevant
arguments
Summarize your
key argument
s
Present your
opinion
Have a Consistent FormatHave a Consistent Format
FontsFontsTitlesTitles
LayoutLayout
IconsIcons
Make changes in slide and Make changes in slide and title masters to suit title masters to suit
requirementsrequirements
CapsCaps
Shane WalkerShane Walker
Public Speaking LitePublic Speaking Lite
February 21, 2006February 21, 2006
Presentations Need a Title PagePresentations Need a Title Page
Presentations Need Transitional Presentations Need Transitional Slides Slides
DefineDefine DesignDesign DeliverDeliver
Lots of Text Hurts the EyeLots of Text Hurts the Eye
Many slides that you see probably look something like this. They will use a lot of “bullet points” that serve no real function other than to act as a table of content for the talk, rather than an actual visual aid to the presentation. Or worse yet, they present the audience with a solid block of text which diverts the attention of the audience towards reading the contents of the text than listening to the presenter.
Your visual aid should provide visual, rather than textual, impact because when you have too much text it distracts the audience and diverts their attention from the spoken presentation. Go 49ers!! Keep text to a minimum so that the audience's focus remains on you. By the way, what am I saying in my lecture right now???
Use Large Print Use Large Print (this is 40pt bold italic)(this is 40pt bold italic)
This sentence is written in plain text using a size 14 font…
This sentence is written in plain text using a size 24 font…
This sentence is written in bold using a size 36 font…
And this one is size 48 font!
Keep it SimpleKeep it Simple
Use the 6X6 ruleUse the 6X6 rule
Use large fonts (24 pt. or larger)Use large fonts (24 pt. or larger)
Use key words instead of sentencesUse key words instead of sentences
Use Contrasting ColorsUse Contrasting Colors
Dark background Dark background with light textwith light text
Dark BackgroundDark BackgroundWith dark textWith dark text
Light backgroundLight backgroundwith dark textwith dark text
Light backgroundLight backgroundWith light textWith light text
LimitLimit numbernumber ofof colorscolors usedused
Use Visual Means, not necessarily Use Visual Means, not necessarily Bullet PointsBullet Points
Not the best way . . . .Not the best way . . . .
A problem with speakingA problem with speaking– Lack of confidence breeds poor delivery.Lack of confidence breeds poor delivery.– Poor delivery bores audiences.Poor delivery bores audiences.– Bored audiences sap a speaker’s confidence.Bored audiences sap a speaker’s confidence.
Poor DeliveryPoor Delivery Bored AudiencesBored Audiences
Lack of ConfidenceLack of Confidence
Use Arrows to Use Arrows to ExplainExplain Processes Processes
Raw Data Emphasizes NothingRaw Data Emphasizes Nothing
4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AMRobin 10 9 9 5 3 2 0Sparrow 7 7 6 4 3 1 1Pigeon 6 5 5 3 2 0 0Eagle 3 3 3 2 1 0 0Ostrich 0 0 2 1 0 0 0Average 5.2 4.8 5 3 1.8 0.6 0.2
Early Bird Gets the Worm
Highlight Key Data PointsHighlight Key Data Points
Sparrows can catch worms late in the day
4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AMRobin 10 9 9 5 3 2 0Sparrow 7 7 6 4 3 1 1Pigeon 6 5 5 3 2 0 0Eagle 3 3 3 2 1 0 0Ostrich 0 0 2 1 0 0 0Average 5.2 4.8 5 3 1.8 0.6 0.2
Early Bird Gets the Worm
Line Graphs Delineate TrendsLine Graphs Delineate Trends
0
5
10
15
20
25
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Sales
SalesSales
MonthMonth
Pie Charts Display ProportionsPie Charts Display Proportions
13%
17%
57%
13%
FoodRentTuitionFun
My Quarterly BudgetMy Quarterly Budget
Diagrams Break Down Objects Diagrams Break Down Objects Into Their Component PartsInto Their Component Parts
BarbarianBarbarian GovernorGovernor
sword = sword = strengthstrength
long hairlong hair
shirtlessshirtless
line of line of controlcontrol
short, professional hairshort, professional hairflagsflags
hands in hands in teaching teaching positionposition
Use Animation to Illustrate Use Animation to Illustrate Processes Processes
HistoricalData
HistoricalData
RegressionRegression
•• ••
••
••
•••••
••
• •• ••
••••• ••
••
•
PriceProcessModel
PriceProcessModel
SimulationSimulation PriceForecasts
PriceForecasts
Avoid DistractionsAvoid Distractions
Use builds sparinglyUse builds sparingly
Minimize or eliminate clip artMinimize or eliminate clip art
Use animation carefullyUse animation carefully
Use the Use the P.A.S.S. P.A.S.S. Method Method
PP ress Button (Place Slide)ress Button (Place Slide)
AA ll okay? (Adjust Slide)ll okay? (Adjust Slide)
SS tep Back whiletep Back while
SS peakingpeaking
Use the Transitional Slide Between Use the Transitional Slide Between Speakers Speakers
DefineDefine DesignDesign DeliverDeliver
Adapt to Your Time Limit.Adapt to Your Time Limit.
Prepare 30 second summaries
1 slide per 2 minutes
Condense, don’t speed
Inter-group Stumbling BlocksInter-group Stumbling Blocks
Where do the other Where do the other groups members groups members
stand?stand?
Dark BackgroundDark BackgroundWith dark textWith dark text
What do the otherWhat do the othermembers do while you’re members do while you’re speaking? (be cognizant speaking? (be cognizant
that we’re watching)that we’re watching)
Transitioning Transitioning or or
Summarizing?Summarizing?
Who is the point of Who is the point of contact in Q&A?contact in Q&A?
Effective Presentations Effective Presentations
DeliveryDelivery
PersuasionPersuasion
OrganizationOrganization
Visual Aids/ Visual Aids/ Group CohesivenessGroup Cohesiveness
Multiplicity Multiplicity PersuasionPersuasion
Not just a bad Michael Not just a bad Michael Keaton movie,Keaton movie,
But also
EssentialEssential to a well- to a well-rounded persuasive rounded persuasive
speechspeech
Multiplicity Multiplicity PersuasionPersuasion
Head Appeals (logos)Head Appeals (logos)
Includes acknowledgment of Includes acknowledgment of
the other sidethe other side
Heart Appeals (pathos)Heart Appeals (pathos)
Even the driest of presentations Even the driest of presentations should aim for the tickershould aim for the ticker
Halo Appeals (ethos)Halo Appeals (ethos)
It’s important to base your persuasive It’s important to base your persuasive speech on such an indisputable speech on such an indisputable
higher idealhigher ideal
DETERMINE YOUR POSITIONDETERMINE YOUR POSITION PersuasionPersuasion
-Your next task is to determine where your position lies -Your next task is to determine where your position lies relative to other possible positions on the issue. This relative to other possible positions on the issue. This
will help clarify what your goals for your speech will be-will help clarify what your goals for your speech will be-
Topic: Microfinance Market Exchange
It will introduce convenience and order in already chaotic system, serving as solid foundation for future innovations.(Better than what we have)
PRO Con
I--------------------X------------------------------------------------------------------------I
A market A market exchange system exchange system will revolutionize will revolutionize microfinancemicrofinance
No it won’tNo it won’t
xx xxxx xx xx
Effective Presentations Effective Presentations
DeliveryDelivery
Game Day and Q&AGame Day and Q&A
PersuasionPersuasion
OrganizationOrganization
Visual Aids/ Visual Aids/ Group CohesivenessGroup Cohesiveness
Q&A Q&A
Game Day Game Day and Q&Aand Q&A
OpeningWhen transitioning from your speech to the Q&A session, keep it short. Finish your psychological closure and state that you are ready to answer questions, or ask if there are any questions.
Be resolute.
Q&A Q&A
Game Day Game Day and Q&Aand Q&A
Delivery of Q&AEye Contact, Movement, Tone
Answer the person. Address the crowd.
Q&A Q&A
Game Day Game Day and Q&Aand Q&A
PAR: Paraphrase, Align, Respond.
ParaphraseParaphrase
Allows you toAllows you to
repeat the question for people who may have not heard it,
clarify the question,
and/or reshape the question into what you want to answer.
AlignmentAlignment
Align withAlign with
their idea or their emotion.
Generally diffuses hostility and can assist the questioner in listening to your answer with a more open frame of mind
RespondRespond
Respond WithRespond With
Restatement of theme or thesis.
Say “I don’t know” or “That doesn’t fall within the scope of my research.”
If you know where they can find out, try to direct them to a source of
information.
Q&A Q&A
Game Day Game Day and Q&Aand Q&A
PAR: Paraphrase, Align, Respond.
ParaphraseParaphrase AlignmentAlignment RespondRespond
Conclude.
Don’t miss the opportunity to provide a summation of all the helpful points and issues brought up in Q&A.
Providing yet another opportunity to restate the value and/or theme of your project.