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Surface Water HydrologySurface Water Hydrologyatat

White River Lake, White River Lake, TexasTexas

Presented byPresented by

Shane WalkerShane Walker

May 3, 2005May 3, 2005

CE 392K.2 – HydrologyCE 392K.2 – Hydrology

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MotivationMotivation

Water ScarcityWater Scarcity People Need WaterPeople Need Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

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OutlineOutline

Background InfoBackground Info

Model DevelopmentModel Development GeometryGeometry Evaporation & UsageEvaporation & Usage

ResultsResults

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Background Background InformationInformation

Who, Where, What, When, Why, HowWho, Where, What, When, Why, How

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Who?Who?

White River Municipal Water District White River Municipal Water District Established in 1967Established in 1967 Post, Crosbyton, Ralls, Spur, & White RiverPost, Crosbyton, Ralls, Spur, & White River Services < 10,000 peopleServices < 10,000 people

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Who?Who?

White River Water Treatment PlantWhite River Water Treatment Plant

Provides “Superior” drinking water to the MWDProvides “Superior” drinking water to the MWD Source: surface water from White River LakeSource: surface water from White River Lake Average Annual effluent: 1.7 MGDAverage Annual effluent: 1.7 MGD Maximum effluent: 4.5 MGDMaximum effluent: 4.5 MGD

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Who?Who?

White River LakeWhite River Lake

Constructed: 1962-1964Constructed: 1962-1964 Inflow: White River (intermittent)Inflow: White River (intermittent) Full Elevation: 2372 ftFull Elevation: 2372 ft Full Depth: 45 ftFull Depth: 45 ft Full Volume: 31,846 acre-ftFull Volume: 31,846 acre-ft Full Area: 2.5 sq. mi.Full Area: 2.5 sq. mi.

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Where?Where?

White River LakeWhite River Lake ~ 40 mi. E of Lubbock~ 40 mi. E of Lubbock

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What?What?

Software program to Software program to predict the predict the usable lifeusable life of the Lakeof the Lake

Dependent upon Dependent upon evaporationevaporation and and usageusage

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Why?Why?

Lake DepletionLake Depletion – rationing vs. alternative source? – rationing vs. alternative source?

End of Month Lake Level

2345

2350

2355

2360

2365

2370

2375

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Lak

e L

evel

(fe

et)

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How?How?

1)1) develop develop mathematical modelmathematical model of the of the geometry of the lakegeometry of the lake

2)2) values for values for evaporationevaporation and and usageusage

3)3) develop develop softwaresoftware to predict to predict usable lifeusable life

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Historical DataHistorical Data

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Historical DataHistorical DataEnd of Month Lake Level

2345

2350

2355

2360

2365

2370

2375

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Lak

e L

evel

(fe

et)

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Historical DataHistorical Data

Monthly Rainfall

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Rai

nfa

ll (

in)

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Historical DataHistorical Data

Monthly Pumpage (1967-2004)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Pu

mp

age

(MG

)

MEAN

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Historical DataHistorical Data

Monthly Rainfall (1967-2004)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Rai

nfa

ll (i

n)

MEAN

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Historical DataHistorical Data

Annual Pumpage

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Pu

mp

age

(MG

)

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Historical DataHistorical Data

Annual Rainfall

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

Pu

mp

age

(MG

)

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Model Model DevelopmentDevelopment

GeometryGeometry

Evaporation & UsageEvaporation & Usage

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Volume/Depth Volume/Depth RegressionRegression

Mathematical ModelMathematical Model

OfOf

Lake GeometryLake Geometry

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DataData

Volumetric SurveyVolumetric Survey of White River Lake of White River Lake June 30, 1993 June 30, 1993 prepared by the Hydrographic Survey Groupprepared by the Hydrographic Survey Group published by the Texas Water Developement Boardpublished by the Texas Water Developement Board

Sonar/SoundingSonar/Sounding Surface area vs. Elevation @ 0.1 ft intervalSurface area vs. Elevation @ 0.1 ft interval

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AnalysisAnalysis

Input data into Microsoft ExcelInput data into Microsoft Excel

Used built-in regression toolsUsed built-in regression tools

Determined accuracy of correlation by RDetermined accuracy of correlation by R22

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ResultsResults

• Determined best fit as Power function

• V(D) = 5.3412 D2.2933

• D(V) = 0.4827 V0.4358

• (R2 ~0.999) – Good considering siltation

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Evaporation & Evaporation & UsageUsage

Water Consumption DataWater Consumption Data

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EvaporationEvaporation

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Eva

po

rati

on

(ft

)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

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Domestic/Industrial Domestic/Industrial UsageUsage

IndustrialIndustrial Oil Companies flood oil wellsOil Companies flood oil wells

DecreasingDecreasing

Compare Compare Domestic Domestic versus versus IndustrialIndustrial

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Total Usage (D+I)Total Usage (D+I)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Usa

ge

(MG

)

1998 2000

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Domestic UsageDomestic Usage

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Usa

ge

(MG

)

1998 2000

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Domestic/Industrial Domestic/Industrial UsageUsage

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Usa

ge

(MG

)

Max Total Usage

Max Domestic Usage

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Domestic/Industrial Domestic/Industrial UsageUsage

82%

18%

Domestic Industrial

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AssumptionsAssumptions

No No InfiltrationInfiltration

(clay soils)(clay soils)

No No precipprecip or or inflowinflow (conservative)(conservative)

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Lake Level ModelLake Level Model

Evaporation & UsageEvaporation & Usage

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Lake Level ModelLake Level Model

Start Elevation Start Elevation

– – Evap Evap

– – Pumpage Pumpage

= Final Elevation= Final Elevation

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Alternative ScenariosAlternative Scenarios

Case A – No change (Case A – No change ( = 0) = 0)

Case B – Eliminate Industrial UsageCase B – Eliminate Industrial Usage

Case C – Limit plant flow Case C – Limit plant flow

Case D – Eliminate all usageCase D – Eliminate all usage

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Lake Level ModelLake Level Model

Input DataInput Data DateDate

Full elevationFull elevation

Current surface elevationCurrent surface elevation

Lowest intake elevationLowest intake elevation

Lake bottom elevationLake bottom elevation

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ResultsResults

1821

28

42

0

12

24

36

48

Usa

ble

Lif

e (M

on

ths)

Case A Case B Case C Case D

Usable Life vs. Alternative

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BenefitsBenefits

Educate planners and managersEducate planners and managers

WRMWDWRMWD Industrial will probably not be eliminatedIndustrial will probably not be eliminated Simulate rationing by assuming Simulate rationing by assuming winter usagewinter usage

Applied to any reservoir (water balance) Applied to any reservoir (water balance)

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Model ImprovementsModel Improvements

Change USDA evap to TWDB evapChange USDA evap to TWDB evap

Add Precipitation into the modelAdd Precipitation into the model

““Calibrate” the model to simulate dry spellsCalibrate” the model to simulate dry spells

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ConclusionsConclusions

Consider sustainable Consider sustainable alternative supplyalternative supply

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Questions?Questions?