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Shale Gas Revolution:
opportunità e sfide per l’industria italiana nel mondo
Milano - 1° luglio 2014
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas
Alessio Liati – Artes Ingegneria
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Fracking
Flowback capture
Production
Drilling
Civil/site preparation
Shale gas: phases and lifecycle
LA1
Diapositiva 2
LA1 Lo shale gas è estratto da giacimenti non convenzionali in cui il gas è intrappolato nelle microporosità della roccia, di tipo argilloso e quindi poco
permeabile.
I giacimenti si trovano tra i 2000 e i 4000 metri di profondità; una volta raggiunta la quota con una perforazione verticale, si esegue una
perforazione orizzontale, seguita dalla fratturazione idraulica che ha lo scopo di migliorare la permeabilità delle rocce e il recupero del gas
intrappolato. La percentuale di gas estratta, rispetto a quella presente è circa del 30% (70 nei convenzionali). Dunque è necessario perforare un
numero elevato di pozzi.Leni Alessandra; 22/06/2014
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Water management cycle
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Water fluxes through the well’s lifecycle
Data from:
• Gay, Fletcher, Gross et al. Water management in Shale Gas Plays. IHS Water White Paper. Aug. 2012.
• GSI Environmental, Houston, Texas, 2010
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Fracking water data
% composition by volume
Gregory, Vidic, Dzombak, Water management challenges associated with the production of Shale Gas
by Hydraulic Fracturing. Elements. Vol 7, June 2011. Data from various sources (EPA 2004; API 2009)
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Fracking water management
Water origin:
• well
• surface (river, lake, sea)
• municipal source
• reused waste water
Water transportation from source to well:
• Truck tanks
• Pipelines
Storage:
• Steel tanks
• Open basins, on site or centralized to cater several wells
Availability of water is a critical issue in the development of shale gas
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Typical FLOW-BACK water data
FLOW-BACK water brings:
• Chemicals injected in the
fracking phase
• Dissolved and suspended
solids released from rocks
• Oils and hydrocarbons
released from the
formation, often soluble
and volatile
Water must be treated before
storage/re-use
Gregory, Vidic, Dzombak, Water management challenges associated with the production of Shale Gas by
Hydraulic Fracturing. Elements. Vol 7, June 2011.
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
FLOW-BACK water data vs time
D. McElrath. Comparison of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids Composition with Produced Formation water
following fracturing. Chesapeake Energy. 2011
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
FLOW-BACK water data vs time
C. Hunter Nolen,, Water Management in Unconventional Natural Gas Exploration & Production, CDM, May
2011 after Siemens AG, 2009
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Produced Water: conventional vs shale
Table from Stark, Allingham, Calder et al. Water and Shale Gas Development. Accenture. 2012
Produced water destination
Table from D. Alleman. Considerations for treating water associated with shale gas development –ALL
Consulting 2010
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Produced Water treatment scheme
produced
water
frac flowback
produced
water
treatment
flowback
water
treatment
frac
fluid
make up
water
(river, well)
dischargeor
beneficialreuse
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Produced Water Treatment scheme
solidparticles,
heavymetals
removal
oil, hydro-
carbonsremoval
divalent ions
removal
Salinityreduction
dischargeor
beneficialreuse
Recyclefrac
water
Producedwater
Coarse filtration, desanding
hydrocyclones, flocculation
settling
CPIs,
Hydrocyclones,
adsorption
Reverse osmosis,
evaporation, crystallisation
Ion exchange
softening
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Produced Water Treatment
Produced Water Treatment Features:
• Compactness
• Flexibility – high turndown
• Portability (on-site treatment)
• Multipurpose
• Multi technologies
• Reliability
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
ARTES’ relevant experience
INDONESIA – Injection water treatment
Effluent treatment plant with chemical conditioning, filtration and vacuum degassing
Treated water used as injection water.
220 m3/h capacity
… and also in the DOWNSTREAM !!!
HOUSTON, TexasDemineralisation plant feeding the Ethylene Cracker.
Technologies. UF + RO + EDI. 200 m3/h capacity
ABU DHABI, UAE – Produced Water TreatmentTechnologies: deoiling hydrocyclones, degassers, fine filtration.
331 m3/h capacity.
Thank You !
ARTES Ingegneria’s main features:
Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano
Our best thanks to Alessandra Leni, Giulia Sporchia, Margherita Buscemi
• Engineering and construction company
• Specialised in WT & WWT in the Oil & Gas sector
• Manufacturing of vessels & skids in a 40,000 m2
factory in Salerno, Italy
• Part of the Cannon Group, presence in 40+
countries
• Experience with the major National & International
Oil Companies