A Seminar Presentation on Sewage Treatment Technologies : A Review

ASeminar Presentation onSewage Treatment Technologies : A ReviewContent

Introduction.Waste water treatment processes. literature review.Gap identified.Conclusion and .Scope of work.References.

1.Introduction Sewage treatment or domestic wastewater treatment is a process of removing contaminant from waste water and household sewage both runoff (effluent ) and domestic.

It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent ) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer).

Introduction Contd. Sources of waste water generation :

Introduction Contd. Characteristics of waste water:

1.Physical parameters :Suspended, dissolved, volatile solids temperature, color and odor etc.

2. Chemical parameters :Organic contents: BOD, COD, oil and grease etc.Inorganic contents: Nitrogen, Sulphur, phosphorous etc.Gases: Methane , hydrogen sulfide etc.

3. Biological parameters :Pathogenic organism Viruses

2.Waste water treatment processA) Preliminary Treatment process: remove waste water constituents such as sticks, floatable grit etc.Screening- remove floating matter. Grit chamber- remove sand and grit.Comminuters- grind large suspended solids.B) Primary Treatment process: enhanced removal of suspended solids and organic matter from the waste water water. Typically accomplished by chemical addition or filtration known as coagulation and flocculation.C) Secondary Treatment process: remove soluble and colloidal organics and suspended solids that have escaped the primary treatment.D) Tertiary Treatment process: remove significant amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, heavy metals etc. by biological nutrient removal process or chemical coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation.

Waste water treatment process contd.

Literature review Author(s) Objective of research/studyFindings A.J.OReilly et al.Selection of waste water treatment process: an industrial approachThis study concludes factors those affect selection of treatment technology include biodegradability of the waste, variations in waste concentration and flow rate, consent limits and impact of the treatment facility on local surroundings, e.g. with respect to mist, noise, odors, etc. based on case study.W. Wukovits et al.A knowledge based system to support the process selection during waste water treatmentA knowledge-based system was developed, which generates treatment sequences for industrial wastewater starting from the wastewater composition.Literature review contd.Author(s)Objective of research/studyFindings Sanjeev kumarTechno economic evaluation of various waste water treatment plantIf land cost is low- stabilization pondif land cost medium- Anaerobic sludge blanketIf land cost is high- Activated sludge process

Arun Subramani et al. A review of Emerging desalination technologies for water treatment.

Among the membrane based desalination technologies nano composite membrane have been commercialized while other are still under fundamental development stages.Literature review contd.Author(s)

Objective of research/study

Findings

Pradip P. kalbar et al.A scenario-based multiple-attribute decision-making approach for selection of treatment technology In this study, wastewater treatment alternatives are ranked for six scenarios and a no scenario case.TOPSIS has been selected to rank the alternatives.Gap identified Lack of effectively use of computer based software while planning and operational stages of treatment plant.

Conclusion For optimum utilization of particular treatment technology in terms of cost effectiveness and efficiency of pollutant removal, all the operational parameters has to widely explored with the help of software and various combinations of processes should be simulated by computer based models

For maximizing energy efficiency and minimizing environmental pollution sewage treatment systems has to effectively engineered by using technologically driven solutions.

Scope of workSelection of cost effective waste water treatment technology based on multiple factors affecting the performance and cost of the treatment plant by utilizing simulation software such as GPS-X (general purpose simulator) used for mathematical modeling, simulation, optimization and management of wastewater treatment plants.References Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse, fourth edition (New York: McGraw-Hill,2003).A. J. OREILLY et al Waste water treatment process selection: an industrial approach, November 2000.W. Wukovits et al. A knowledge based system to support the process selection during waste water treatment, July 2002.Snjeev kumar Techno economic evaluation of various waste water treatment plant, June 2008.Arun Subramani et al. Emerging desalination technologies for water treatment: A critical review, November 2014.Pradip P. Kalbar et al. Selection of an appropriate wastewater treatment technology: A scenario-based multipl-attribute decision-making approach, September 2012.