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Materi kuliah Komunikasi Bisnis dengan pokok bahasan "Communicating Across Culture" by Agung Praptapa
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SESSION 4:
COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURES
AGUNG PRAPTAPAUNSOEDThursday, 2 April 2009
THE IMPORTANT OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Globalization of Market Technological Advancements Multicultural Work Force
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE
Culture is complex system of values, traits, morals, and customs shared by a society.
Culture is a system for creating, sending, storing, and processing information.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE Culture is learned
In Asia, same sex people may walk hande in hand. In Arab, conversations are often held in close proximity,
sometimes nose to nose. In western culture, too close means violation.
Cultures are inherently logical In Japan, Barbie doll was a failure because of the toothy
smile Culture is the basis of self-identity and community
Who we are and what we believe. Culture combines the visible and invisible
In Japan, harmony with the environment is important. In India, people avoid stepping on ant or insects because
they believe in reincarnation. Culture is dinamic
Culture change as a result of migration, disasters, and wars
STEREOTYPES
Stereotype is an oversimplified behavioral pattern applied uncritically to group
Fixed and rigid In Javanese: gebyah uyah Example:
All chinese is good in business
PREJUDICES
Prejudice is stereotype that is based on errorneous belief or preconception
Rigid attitude Example:
Moslem supports terorism Chinese tends to cheat
PROTOTYPES
Mental representations based on general characteristics that are not fixed and rigid, but rather are open to new definition.
Dinamic abd may change Based on objective observations. Example:
Latin businesspeople often talk about their families before getting down to business.
This prototype is generally accurate, butit may not universally apply and it may change over time.
GENERALIZATION
Necessary for learning and education When we find something new, then we try to
make generalization
DIMENSIONS OF CULTURE
Context Individualism Communication style Time orientation
CONTEXT
The dependence to environment of a situation
Low-context cultures depend less on the environment of a situation to convey meaning than do high-context cultures.
Low-context cultures: North America, Western Europe
High-context cultures: Japan, China, Arab. People in low-context cultures tend to be
logical, analytical, and action oriented.
COMPARING LOW AND HIGH CONTEXT CULTURE
Tend to prefer direct verbal interaction
Tend to understand meaning at one level only
Is generally less proficient in reading nonverbal cues
Values individualism Relies more on logic Employs linear logic Says no directly Communicates in highly
structured (contexted) messages, provide details, stresses literal meanings, gives authority to written information.
Tends to prefer indirect verbal interaction
Tends to understand meanings embedded at many sociocultural levelss
Is generally more proficient in reading nonverbal cues
Values group membership Relies more on context and
feeling Employs spiral logic Talks around points; avoid
saying no Communicates in simple,
ambiguous, noncontexted messages; understands visual messages readily.
Low Context High Context
COUNTRIES WITH LOW – HIGH CONTEXT CULTURES
INDIVIDUALISM
An attitude of independence and freedom from control.
Members of many low-context cultures value independence and freedom from control.
Tradition, ceremony, and social rules are more important in high-context culture.
INDIVIDUALISM
Individualism Individual action and
personal responsibility
Collectivist Membership, group,
teams Group value, duties,
and decision Resist independence
Low-Context Culture High-Context Culture
FORMALITY
Some cultures place more emphasis on tradition, ceremony, and social rules.
COMMUNICATION STYLE
Westeners value a direct, straightforward communication style.
Westeners: sound of words Asian: meaning of words.
TIME ORIENTATION
North American tend to correlate time with productivity, efficiency, and money.
In other cultures time may be perceived as an unlimited and never-enfing resource to be enjoyed.
ACHIEVING INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
Avoiding Ethnocentrism: The belief in the superiority of one’s owned race.
Bridging the Gap Emphaty: trying to see the world through
another’s eyes. Saving face: indirectly respect the feelings and
dignity of others Patience: tolerance, patient, silent
ASIGNMENT 4: ACT INT APRIL 2009 CULTURE
Please find a special thing from culture arround the world, that is considered important and interesting to be shared, so we can develop ourselves to be a successful business communicator.The answer should be in English and Indonesian (should be both). Please post here as comments. The latest is Wednesday 8 April 2009.
www.apbuscom.blogspot.com
THANK YOU
Agung Praptapa, the one who ALWAYS DO THE BEST Email: [email protected] Web: www.praptapa.com Blog: www.praptapa.unsoed.net Elearning Web Blog for Business Communication:
www.apbuscom.blogspot.com
TIPs for you today: “Never give up. Keep trying. Keep learning.
Nothing is impossible. Every thing can be learned”