Session 1b

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Overview• Spreadsheet Conventions• QAT and Ribbon• Copying, Pasting, Reporting• Introduction to Solver

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Spreadsheet Conventions• Basic Idea: Customer-friendly• Easy to Read• Easy to Audit• Easy to Adapt

– “Parameterization”– “Dragability”

Decision Models -- Prof. Juran

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Spreadsheet Conventions• Clear, logical layout• Separation across multiple sections

and/or worksheets• Clear headings for inputs, decision

variables, and outputs• Formatting for user clarity• Text boxes and cell comments

Decision Models -- Prof. Juran

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Written Reports0. Conclusions and Recommendations

– Done last, appears first1. Managerial Problem Definition2. Formulation3. Solution Methodology4. Discussion? Appendices?

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Written Reports• Minimal Raw Spreadsheet Elements

– i. e. none• Graphical Communication

– Equation Editor– Charts, Graphs– Spreadsheet Captures

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Quick Access Toolbar (QAT)– What is it?– How to modify the QAT

The Ribbon– Tabs, Groups, Commands– How to modify the QAT

Spreadsheet Productivity

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Located at the very top left of Excel.Always visible; good place for commonly used commands.Print, formatting, zoom, etc.Advice:

– Add commands from tabs besides Home.– Or add more commands, and minimize the entire

ribbon.Many useful commands are not on the ribbon at all. The only way to access them is by adding them to the QAT. Examples:

– Open Recent File– Quick Print– Insert Chart– Camera

The Quick Access Toolbar (QAT)

Decision Models -- Prof. Juran

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Other useful commands may be located on ribbon tabs that you wouldn’t otherwise use.

• Save As (File Tab)• Change Shape (Drawing Tools | Format

Tab)• Crop (Picture Tools | Format Tab)

To customize:• File | Options | Quick Access Toolbar, OR• Drop-down menu on the QAT

You could move the QAT below the ribbon, but that would just take up an extra line.

Modifying the QAT

Decision Models -- Prof. Juran

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Choose the command at the left, and click Add >> to add it to the QAT.Or choose a command on the right, and click << Remove to remove it.

Modifying the QAT

To group similar commands

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Use the dropdown box to focus in on the particular category of commands you’re interested in.

Modifying the QAT

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Can add or delete groups of commands from the existing tabs in the ribbon, or add new tabs. Nomenclature:

Customizing the Ribbon

Tabs (the File tab acts differently)

Groups within the Insert tab

Commands within the Sparklines group

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• Add new customized tabs.• Resequence, rename, delete, or hide any tabs.• Add new customized groups to any tab.• Copy existing groups from one tab to another.• Resequence, rename or delete groups within a tab.• Add any command to any customized group.• Unavailable Options:

– Add or delete commands from any existing group.– Construct stacked commands

Ribbon Customization Options

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File | Options | Customize Ribbon

How to Customize the Ribbon

Show or hide tabs

Resequence tabs or groups

Current tab, or everything

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Add a new tab, or add a new group within an existing tab.Choose “Popular Commands” or “Commands Not in the Ribbon” from the “Choose command from” dropdown box at the left.Select the command you want to add to the new group, and click on the Add >> button in the middle.

Adding Commands to a Custom Group

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Choose “Main Tabs” in the left dropdown box, and choose a main tab on the right dropdown box.Select the group you want to transfer, and click the Add >> button.To remove tabs, groups, or commands from new customized groups, just select it on the right and click the << Remove button.

Adding a Group to Another Tab

Decision Models -- Prof. Juran

Decision Models -- Prof. Juran

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Optimization Example:Malcolm’s Glass Shop

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Managerial Problem Definition

Malcolm owns a glass-molding machine capable of producing two products: six-ounce juice glasses and ten-ounce cocktail glasses. He needs to decide how many of each product he ought to make each week in order to make the greatest profit. He is limited by the production rate of the machine, demand for one of the products, and storage space.

Decision Models -- Prof. Juran

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FormulationDecision variables: How many to produce of two products.

Objective: Maximize Profit.

Constraints:The molding machine can only produce so many glasses in a week. There is a market limit for 6-oz glasses.There is a limit on storage space.Malcolm can’t make negative amounts of either product.

Decision Models -- Prof. Juran

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FormulationMaximize Profit from 6-oz glasses + Profit from 10-oz

glasses

Subject to: Molding Machine capacity used for 6-oz + Molding Machine capacity used for 10-oz

<= Total Molding capacity

6-oz glasses produced <= Total Demand for 6-oz glasses

Storage Space used for 6-oz + Storage Space used for 10-oz

<= Total Storage Space

6-oz glasses produced >= 0 10-oz glasses produced >= 0

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Formulation

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FormulationMaximize:

Z = 500X1 + 450X2

Subject to: 6 X1 + 5 X2 60 1 X1 + 0 X2 8 10 X1 + 20 X2 150 1 X1 + 0 X2 0 0 X1 + 1 X2 0

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Solution Methodology

1234

56789

A B C D E F G H IDecision Variables 6-oz 10-oz

1 1

Objective Function 500 450 950

ConstraintsMolding Capacity 6 5 11 <= 60Demand for 6-oz 1 0 1 <= 8Storage Space 10 20 30 <= 150

=SUMPRODUCT($B$2:$C$2,B9:C9)

=SUMPRODUCT($B$2:$C$2,B4:C4)

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Solver Dialog Box

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1234

56789

A B C D E F G H IDecision Variables 6-oz 10-oz

6.4 4.29

Objective Function 500 450 5142.86

ConstraintsMolding Capacity 6 5 60 <= 60Demand for 6-oz 1 0 6.42857 <= 8Storage Space 10 20 150 <= 150

=SUMPRODUCT($B$2:$C$2,B4:C4)

=SUMPRODUCT($B$2:$C$2,B9:C9)

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Solver Answer Report1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829

A B C D E F G HMicrosoft Excel 15.0 Answer ReportWorksheet: [01b-01-malc.xlsx]OptimizedReport Created: 9/3/2014 8:20:58 AMResult: Solver found a solution. All Constraints and optimality conditions are satisfied.Solver Engine

Engine: Simplex LPSolution Time: 0 Seconds.Iterations: 3 Subproblems: 0

Solver OptionsMax Time 100 sec, Iterations 100, Precision 0.000001Max Subproblems 5000, Max Integer Sols 5000, Integer Tolerance 5%, Assume NonNegative

Objective Cell (Max)Cell Name Original Value Final Value

$E$4 Objective Function 5142.857143 5142.857143

Variable CellsCell Name Original Value Final Value Integer

$B$2 6-oz 6.428571429 6.428571429 Contin$C$2 10-oz 4.285714286 4.285714286 Contin

ConstraintsCell Name Cell Value Formula Status Slack

$E$7 Molding Capacity 60 $E$7<=$G$7 Binding 0$E$8 Demand for 6-oz 6.428571429 $E$8<=$G$8 Not Binding 1.571428571$E$9 Storage Space 150 $E$9<=$G$9 Binding 0

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Communicating GraphicallyMalcolm's Glass Problem

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 2 4 6 8 10

6-oz Glasses (100 cases)

10-o

z. G

lass

es (1

00 c

ases

)

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Enhancing ChartsMalcolm's Glass Problem

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 2 4 6 8 10

6-oz Glasses (100 cases)

10-o

z. G

lass

es (1

00 c

ases

)

Optimal Solution

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Enhancing Charts

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Conclusions and Recommendations

• Make 642 cases of 6-oz glasses and 428 cases of 10-oz glasses.

• Earn $5,143 profit.

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Summary• Spreadsheet Conventions• QAT and Ribbon• Copying, Pasting, Reporting• Introduction to Solver