Session 1.4 Facts and Perspectives on Poverty and Underd (1)

8/14/2019 Session 1.4 Facts and Perspectives on Poverty and Underd (1)

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Business and PovertyProgramme

Madingley Hall, CambridgeNovember 2006

Will Day, Senior Associate,

Cambridge Programme for Industry


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Extreme (or absolute) poverty :

Living in extreme poverty (less than $1 a day) -means not being able to afford the most basic

necessities to ensure survival.

More than 1.2 billion people (NetAid)


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wikepedia


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Moderate poverty :

Moderate poverty, defined as earningbetween $1 and $2 a day - enableshouseholds to barely meet their basicneeds, but they must forgo many of thethings-education, health care-that many of ustake for granted. The smallest misfortune

(health issue, job loss, etc.) threatenssurvival.

Another 3 billion people (Net Aid)


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Relative poverty :

Definitional problem. Implies a nationalpoverty threshold which varies by country

say 25% of median income.

In 1999, the income of a U.S. family at thepoverty line was $17,020. This was

28.49% of the median income in the U.S.

In 2004 USA estimated that 12% belownational poverty line. 30 million people.


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%age of relative poverty

WIKEPEDIA


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Measures of poverty?

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Global Environment Outlook 2000


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Wheres the growth?

0

2

4

6

8

10

1 9 5 0

1 9 6 0

1 9 7 0

1 9 8 0

1 9 9 0

2 0 0 0

2 0 1 0

2 0 2 0

2 0 3 0

2 0 4 0

2 0 5 0

B I L L I O N S O F P E O P L E

DEVELOPING

DEVELOPED


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Age Distribution of the WorldsPopulation

300 200 100 0 100 200 300 300 100 100 300

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.

80+75-7970-7465-6960-6455-59

50-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2417-1910-16

5-90-4

Male Male FemaleFemale

Less DevelopedRegions

More DevelopedRegions


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wikepedia


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Life Expectancy at Birth

65.4

75.6

63.4

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World More DevelopedRegions

Less DevelopedCountries

Least DevelopedCountries

Note: More developed regions, according to the UN Population Division, include Australia, New Zealand,Europe, North America, and Japan. Less developed regions include Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), andLatin America and the Caribbean; 50 countries within these regions are classified as least developed.

Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

2000-2005Years


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WDR 2006


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Childhood Mortality Among thePoor

66

105

114

121

128

149183

189

206

257

Philippines 2003

Bolivia 2003

Lesotho 2004

Bangladesh 2004

Ghana 2003

Kenya 2003Malawi 2004

Cameroon 2004

Burkina Faso 2003

Nigeria 2003

Poorest Economic QuintileDeaths under age 5 per 1,000 births

Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.


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Childhood VaccinationCoverage

3

56

85

4

69

88

9

78

90

11

72

90

40

8391

Nigeria 2003 Philippines 2003 Egypt 2005

Poorest Quintile 2nd Quintile 3rd Quintile 4th Quintile Richest Quintile

Children 12-23 Months Receiving Full Basic CoveragePercent

Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.


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World Development Report, 2006


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0.1

0.2

0.3

1.2

1.5

1.6

2.0

2.3

4.4

5.9

Mali

Cambodia

Bangladesh

Bolivia

Mexico

China

Jordan

U.S.

Greece

Cuba

1997-2004*Physicians per 1,000 people

Availability of Doctors

* Data are for the most recent year available for each country.Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 .


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1 9 5 0

1 9 6 0

1 9 7 0

1 9 8 0

1 9 9 0

2 0 0 0

2 0 1 0

2 0 2 0

URBAN DEVELOPING

URBAN DEVELOPED

RURAL

P O P U L A T I O N

I N

B I L L I O N S

2

4

6

8

1 0


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FIVE CHIEF FEATURES OF ASLUM

Lack of durable housing Insufficient living area Lack of access to clean water Inadequate sanitation Insecure tenure

Definition: UN Habitat


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A few numbers.

Indian cities to grow by 300 million China 400 million people to house 24,000 villages abandoned in 10 years

1,000 new cars registered daily in Beijing Kenya running out of land Lagos 14 million 180,000 people are being added to the

global urban population every day


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Per Capita calorie consumption


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Philippe Rekacewicz, UNEP/GRID-Arendal


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GNP growth 1999 and 2000

Philippe Rekacewicz , World Bank 2001

Evolution of GNP in the major


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Evolution of GNP in the major regions of the world

UNEP: World Bank, 2001


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Growing inequality


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Foreign direct investment: Net inflows 2002

Foreign direct investment: Net inflows2002

World Bank Group. 2004,


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WDR 2006

Adult Literacy Rate 2000 2004


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Adult Literacy Rate, 2000 - 2004

UNESCO 2005. Available online at http://www.uis.unesco.org


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Income gaps between economies

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

1 9 9 5

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 5

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 5

2 0 2 0

2 0 2 5

2 0 3 0

2 0 3 5

2 0 4 0

2 0 4 5

2 0 5 0

Developing RegionsIndustrial Regions

7 times

3 times

d ithi i


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wikepedia

.and within economies


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NOAA-NGDC 1998,


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Carbon Emissions Per Capita,1999

World Resources Institute, 2001

Share of Woodfuels in National Energy


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Share of Woodfuels in National EnergyConsumption

World Resources Institute - PAGE, 2000


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UN Millennium Development Goals

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Improve maternal health Reduce child mortality Achieve universal primary education Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Promote gender equality and empower women Ensure environmental sustainability

Develop a global partnership for development
http://www.developmentgoals.org/Education.htmhttp://www.developmentgoals.org/Education.htm

Documents

Session 1.4 Facts and Perspectives on Poverty and Underd (1)