Session 1 - Use of Computers in IT

8/2/2019 Session 1 - Use of Computers in IT

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Use of Computers in IT

- Ritesh Maniar

- [email protected]

- 98199 96596


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Session Overview

Check understanding of IT using some QAs

What is a computer. Components of a computer

Generation of Computers and its usage

Need for IT for Management and its benefits

Use of IT for Management


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Check understanding of IT using QAs

1. Confidential data stored on a laptop is BEST protected by:

A. Storage on optical disksB. Log-on ID and password

C. Data encryption

D. Physical locks


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2. Which of the following is a telecommunication device that

translates data from digital form to analog form and back to

digital?

A. Multiplexer

B. Modem

C. Protocol converter

D. Concentrator


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3. Applying a retention date on a file will ensure that:

A. Data cannot be read until the date is setB. Data will not be deleted before that date

C. Backup copies are not retained after that date

D. Datasets having the same name are differentiated


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4. Which of the following security techniques is the BEST method for

authenticating a user's identity?

A. Smart card

B. Biometrics

C. Challenge-response token

D. User ID and password


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5. An organization is developing a new business system. Which of the

following will provide the MOST assurance that the system

provides the required functionality?

A. Unit testing

B. Regression testing

C. Acceptance testing

D. Integration testing


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What is a computer.. Which are

components of a computer system

Definition of a computer: A computer is an electronic device thatmanipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, andprocess data.

Components of a computer: Central processing unit (CPU) manipulates data and controls the other parts of

the computer system

Primary storage device (RAM) temporarily stores data and program instructionsduring processing

Secondary storage (hard disk drives) stores data and instructions when they arenot used in processing

Input devices (keyboard, mouse) convert data and instructions for processing inthe computer

Output devices (monitor, printer) present data in a form that people canunderstand

Communications devices (modems) control the passing of information to andfrom communications networks


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Generations of Computers

Different generations of computers: First Generation (1945-1956) - First generation computers were characterized

by the fact that operating instructions were made-to-order for the specific taskfor which the computer was to be used.

Second Generation (1956-1963) - There were a number of commercially

successful second generation computers used in business, universities, andgovernment from companies such as Honeywell, IBM, and others. These secondgeneration computers were also of solid state design, and contained transistorsin place of vacuum tubes.

Third Generation (1965-1971) - Scientists managed to fit many components ona single chip. As a result, computers became ever smaller as more componentswere squeezed onto the chip. Also third-generation development included theuse of an operating system that allowed machines to run many differentprograms at once with a central program that monitored and coordinated thecomputer's memory.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present) - In 1981, IBM introduced its personalcomputer (PC) for use in the home, office and schools. Computers continuedtheir trend toward a smaller size, working their way down from desktop tolaptop computers (which could fit inside a briefcase) to palmtop (able to fitinside a pocket).


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Use of Computers

Computer can be used for the following purposes:

Typing documents

Sending email

Browsing the internet

Handling spreadsheets and accounting

Database management

Presentations

Research and study

Audio and Video chat and conferencing

Listen and download music

Gaming and more.


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Browsing the Internet How does it

work

Suppose you want to download a file from www.download.com

You type in the URL in the browser and press enter. Your browser forms a

connection with Web server, requests a page and received it

Here the web server acts as a repository from where the requested pages

can be received


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Request for a Web Page from Web

Server


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work

3 things that we learnt here : Web server, Web browser, 2 tier Architecture

What is a Web Server?

In simplest terms, a Web Server is a computer which delivers web pages

Any computer can be turned into a Web Server by installing server software and connecting it

to the internet (e.g. Apache, Microsoft, HP)

What is a Web Browser?

A web browser or Internet browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and

traversing information resources on the World Wide Web (e.g. IE, Firefox)

The World Wide Web is written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Client Server (2tier) Architecture

In this architecture, the server processes request from the client and return the requested

information to the client


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work

DNS (Domain Name System):

DNS is a system that translates strings of human readable word segments

into numeric Internet (IP) addresses

These servers are simple databases that map names to IP addresses, andthey are distributed all over the Internet

E.g.

Suppose If you type in the URL www.download.com/netcafe.htm into your

browser

The browser extracts the name www.download.com passes it to a domainname server

It is the domain name server that returns the correct IP address for

download.com, so that it can connect to that server machine


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work

Domain Name Space:

A domain name usually consists of two or more parts separated by dots.

Every domain name is broken into:

a. Generic top-level domainb. Country code top-level domain


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Browsing the Internet - IP Addressing

IP (Internet Protocol) address is used to uniquely identify each host in a

network

Each machine on internet is assigned a unique IP address

IP addresses are 32-bit numbers normally expressed as four Octets in

dotted decimal numbers. For instance 216.27.61.137

A Static IP address is where a computer uses the same address every time

A server has a static IP address that does not change very often.

In Dynamic IP, the user IP address changes frequently when a user logs on

to a network

A home machine dialing up through a modem often has an IP address that

is dynamic


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Sending E-mail

Electronic mail, commonly referred to as e-mail is a method of exchanging

digital messages across the internet or other computer networks.

Originally e-mail was transmitted directly from one user (user computer)

to another user (user computer). This required both computers to beonline at the same time, a la instant message.

Todays email systems are based on a store-and-forward model.

Email server accept, store, forward and deliver the messages. Users no

longer need to be online simultaneously and need only connect briefly to

retrieve the message.


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Why IT is required??


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Why do we need IT in Management?

IT in management is an organized approach to gathering data from insideand outside the company and processing it to produce current, accurate,and informative reports for decision making.

Data collection involves the use of Information Technology (IT) comprising:computers and telecommunications network (e-mail, voice mail, internet,telephone, etc.)

This collected information is then used by the upper management inplanning companys strategic decision or controlling the businessoperations.

Thus, IT in Management combines technology with business to get peoplethe information they need to do their jobs better/faster/smarter.

Data Information Communication Decision Making


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Use of Information Technology

Use of Information Technology (IT) in the following areas:

Offices and Business

Banking

Online/ Internet Shopping

Manufacturing and Industries

Medicine

Home and Education


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Use of IT in Offices and Business

IT provides various software packages like:

Spreadsheet

Graphics

Word Processing

Database

Accounts

E-mail

Internet browser


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Use of IT in Offices and Business

Because of technology, businesses have been able to advance inmany ways like:

Send and receive files/information instantly using email andinstant messaging systems

Interact using web and tele-conferencing as an effective and cost-effective way to handle business

Training seminars using web as a medium

Wireless devices allow business people to send emails, checkstocks, and talk to people around the globe from any location


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Consider the following uses of IT in banking:

Telephone banking

Internet banking

ATMs

Debit and Credit cards

MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) e.g. Cheque Processing

Direct Debiting, etc

Use of IT in Banking


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Web sites used for advertising have been developed into a virtual

store

Useful by-product that a web site can collect:

Database of potential customers

What could a business do with this information:

Understand customer requirements/needs

Refine products to meet customer demands Plan selling strategies

Use of IT for Internet Shopping


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Consider the following uses of IT in manufacturing:

Procurement of materials and order processing

Production monitoring

Stock reporting

Progress tracking

Delivery

Shipment management

Budgets management

Time management

Use of IT in Manufacturing


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Example where computers are used in the Health service:

Database and record maintenance

Computerised medical devices

Expert knowledge systems for image capturing and processing

Health monitoring devices

Expert systems for diagnosis, operations & surgery

Use of IT in Medicine


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Computers assist with teaching and learning:

Computers provide an interactive teaching package

Computers also help with distance learning

Internet can also prove useful as it aids in learning

What can computers do that is better than having a teacher:

Pace of teaching

Repetition without exhaustiveness

Patience

Consistency Cost effective

Use of IT in Education


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Benefits of IT in Management

IT in Management provides several benefits:

Enhanced co-ordination & communication among departments

Reduce expenses relating to labor-intensive manual activities

Quick and reliable referencing

Access to relevant data and documents

Management of day to day activities (accounts, stock control, payroll, etc.)

efficiently


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Careers in Systems / IT

Business Analyst

Business System Analyst

Systems Audit

Functional Consultant

ERP Consultant (SAP Consultant for any module)

Risk Consulting


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Thank You!!!

Documents

Session 1 - Use of Computers in IT