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Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Jo Paladino, MD Joshua Lakin, MD

Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

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Page 1: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Serious Illness Care Program Workshop

Jo Paladino, MDJoshua Lakin, MD

Page 2: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Agenda

Agenda

• Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35• Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50• Demonstration and debriefing 9:50‐10:15• Describe the Serious Illness Conversation Guide 10:15‐10:30• Break/Get in Small Groups 10:30‐10:45• Small group learning 10:45‐11:40• Wrap Up 11:45‐12:00

Page 3: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Objectives

• Describe your role in improving serious illness conversations - And the benefits of conversations to patients and families

• Practice using the Serious Illness Conversation Guide with a colleague- Ask about values and goals before discussing medical decisions

• Try the guide with two of your patients over the next month

Page 4: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Your stories

Page 5: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

The goal : Better care for patients and families

Where we are now Where we want to be

Doing some of the right things some of the time for some of our patients with serious illness

Doing all the right things all of the time for all of our patients with serious illness

Page 6: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Improve the lives of all people with serious illness by increasing meaningful conversations with their 

clinicians about their values and priorities

Serious Illness Care Program: Mission

Page 7: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

High quality communication is linked to better serious illness careEarly conversations about patient goals and priorities in serious illness are associated with:

- Enhanced goal‐concordant care  Time to make informed decisions and fulfill personal goals

- Improved quality of life / patient well‐being- Fewer hospitalizations

More and earlier hospice care- Better patient and family coping

Eased burden of decision‐making for families  Improved bereavement outcomes

Mack JCO 2010; Wright JAMA 2008; Chiarchiaro AATS 2015; Detering BMJ 2010; Zhang Annals 2009

Page 8: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Conversations in the context of serious illness• Fewer than one‐third of patients with end‐stage medical diagnoses reported discussing end‐of‐life (EOL) preferences with clinicians

• Patients with advanced cancer: • First EOL discussion occurred median 33 days before death• 55% of initial EOL discussions occurred in the hospital

• Conversations often fail to address key elements of quality discussions

Heyland DK Open Med 2009; Mack AIM 2012; Wright 2008

Page 9: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Palliative Care is a high value but limited resource• Palliative care – with strong emphasis on high quality communication – is 

a high value intervention- Better quality of life- Less use of aggressive care- 25% increase in survival - Lower costs

• We do not and we will not have enough palliative care providers to reach all patients who would benefit

• We need scalable interventions for generalists and non‐palliative care specialists

Temel NEJM 2010; Zimmerman Lancet 2014; Bakitas JAMA 2009; Higginson Cancer J 2010; Jacobsen JPM 2011; Back JPM 2014; Lupu JPSM 2010

Page 10: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

You have a critical role in improving patient care by improving conversations

Identify patients at high‐risk of dying who would benefit most from serious illness conversations

Initiate conversations using best practices in serious illness communication

Document the discussions in the EHR so that all providers can access the patient’s care goals

Set an example of high‐quality communication for colleagues, residents and medical students

Page 11: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Tools

Education

Systems Change

The Serious Illness Care Program

Measurement and Improvement (QI)

Reminder System

Conversation using the Guide

Documentation template in EMR

Patient & Family 

Resources

Patient Screening

Serious Illness Conversation Guide

Clinician ReferenceGuide

Patient preparation materials

Family Comm.Guide

Train Clinicians

2.5‐hour clinician training sessions

Page 12: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Serious Illness Conversation Guide

Page 13: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Research

• Randomized Controlled Trial- Oncology (Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute)- High‐risk primary care (Atrius) 

• Implementation trial - High‐risk Medicare patients Integrated Care Management Program 

(iCMP)

• Feasibility and Acceptability Pilots- Chronic Critical Illness (Spaulding)- Rural African American patients  (South Carolina)

Page 14: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Case description• SETTING: Clinic, one month after hospitalization

- 68 year‐old retired salesperson- Stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung; COPD; diabetes; CKD- Progressing on chemotherapy- Three hospitalizations this year- Two ED visits, once for a fall, and once for dehydration- Worsening shortness of breath, increasing weakness, fatigue- Declining functional status at home- Spouse very involved, 28 yr old daughter lives locally

Page 15: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Case description• The goal of the discussion today is to explore Mr. S’s  values, goals and the type 

of care he would want as his illness progresses, using the Serious Illness Conversation Guide. The focus should be on values and goals for the months ahead rather than procedures and treatments. 

• As you prepare to meet with Mr. Smith, you consider the following:- Mr. S has stage IV lung cancer and multiple co‐morbidities (COPD, diabetes, 

kidney disease) - Given the hospitalizations and declining functional status, you are worried that 

he will have a harder time managing at home and that something serious could happen quickly, so you want to begin a conversation 

Page 16: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Video demonstration• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhwa9f5O_U4

Page 17: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

The Serious Illness Conversation Guide is a framework for best communication practices

Page 18: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Set up the conversationSetting up the conversation builds trust, helps patient feel in control

- Introduce the idea: “I’d like to take a step back today and 

talk together about where things are with your illness and where they might be going.”

- Ask permission: “Is this ok?”

- Introduce the benefits: “The goal is to make sure that I have all 

of the information I need about what matters most to you so I can provide you with the care you want, and so I can best support your family if they ever have to make decisions for you.”

Page 19: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Assess illness understanding and information preferencesLearning about the patient’s illness understanding allows the clinician to assess alignment between beliefs and reality

• “What is your understanding now of where you are with your illness?”

Information preferences guide clinicians in titrating information to patient preferences, and helps clinicians feel confident in moving forward with providing prognostic information

• “How much information about what is likely to be ahead would you like from me?”

Page 20: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Prognosis1. Time‐based prognosis: 

- “I wish it were different, but I’m worried that, in terms of time, we may be talking about months to a year.”

2. Functional prognosis:- “I wish it were different, but I worry that this 

may be as strong as you feel. I’m worried that in the future, you may not be able to manage as well as you are right now, and it is important that we plan for future changes.”

3.Unpredictable prognosis:- “Although we could hit the jackpot with this 

treatment, and  you could have a lot of time, it’s also possible that something could happen suddenly. It would be helpful to know what you would want if you became very sick quickly.”

Page 21: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Allow silence, explore emotion• Allow silence immediately after giving prognosis- It is therapeutic to give a patient time to process emotions 

after hearing difficult news.

• Respond to emotion by naming it and exploring: - “I can see this is upsetting. Tell me more about what you 

are feeling.”- “You seem surprised. Tell me about what you were 

expecting to hear.”- “This is really hard to hear. Tell me what you’re thinking 

about.”

Page 22: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Explore goals and fearsUnderstanding patient goals helps restore sense of a positive future and guides clinician recommendations

• “What are your most important goals if you health situation worsens?”

Expressing fears is therapeutic, even if they cannot be fixed.  

• “What are your biggest fears and worries about the future with your illness?”

Page 23: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Explore sources of strengthExploring strengths reminds patients of their own resources and supports for coping with their illness

• “What gives you strength as you think about the future with your illness?”

Page 24: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Explore function, tradeoffs, and family This information guides decisions and care planning and also indicates to patient that there may be some difficult choices ahead

• “What abilities are so critical to your life that you can’t imagine living without them?”

• “If you become sicker, how much are you willing to go through for the possibility of gaining more time?”

• “How much does your family know about your priorities and wishes?”

Page 25: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Close the conversation1. Summarize: - “It sounds like being at home is 

really important…”

2. Recommend: - “Given your goals and priorities, and 

what we know about your illness at this stage, I recommend…”

3. Affirm commitment:- “I will do whatever I can to help you 

through this.”

Page 26: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Document the conversation• Document the conversation in the medical record

• Documentation is a form of communication to the next clinician.

Page 27: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Principles

• Listen more than talk• Ask about values and goals before discussing treatments, care plans, and medical decisions

• Address patient emotions• Many fears will arise that cannot be fixed.  Talking about them makes them more bearable for the patient.  

Page 28: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Break into small groups• Now it is time for you to practice• There will be 1 facilitator per group• You will practice in pairs, there are two cases, rotating roles

- Clinician- Patient

• Facilitator will frame the session and keep time• Materials will be provided• We will have a brief closing as a large group when done

Page 29: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Next steps• Pick two patients for conversations over the next 2 months• Set yourself up for success – start easy!Pts with whom you can have a less stressful conversationPts who already seem to have a prognostic awareness (patients who are ‘waiting’ for this conversation)

• Commit to a small group of co‐learners ‐ ask them to be available for feedback, debriefing, & peer support for these two conversations

Page 30: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Principles

• Listen more than talk• Ask about values and goals before discussing care plans and medical decisions- Make a recommendation based on what is important to the patient

• Address patient emotions• Many fears will arise that cannot be fixed.  Talking about them makes them more bearable for the patient.  

Page 31: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Break into small groups• Now it is time for you to practice• There will be 1 facilitator per group• You will practice in pairs, there are two cases, rotating roles

- Clinician- Patient

• Facilitator will frame the session and keep time• Materials will be provided• We will have a brief closing as a large group when done

Page 32: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Next steps• Pick two patients for conversations over the next 2 weeks• Set yourself up for success – start easy!Pts with whom you can have a less stressful conversationPts who already seem to have a prognostic awareness (patients who are ‘waiting’ for this conversation)

• Commit to a small group of co‐learners ‐ ask them to be available for feedback, debriefing, & peer support for these two conversations

Page 33: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

The Quadruple Aim

Better population health- Every patient, every time

Better patient experience and outcomes- Reduced anxiety, depression- Improved well‐being

Smarter spending- Care in alignment with patient values

Improved clinician satisfaction - To be determined 

Page 34: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

To Join SICP Community of Practice:  1) Open your web browser (Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, etc.)

1) Go to: https://portal.ariadnelabs.org

2) Click “Create an Account” on the right side of the page

3) Complete the account information page. You will receive an email to authenticate your account.

4) Return to https://portal.ariadnelabs.org and click on Serious Illness Community of Practice on the bottom left of the page.

5) Click “Request Membership.” Complete the additional profile information.

6) You will receive an email once the Administrator has accepted your request.

Page 35: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration

Ariadne Labs/Serious Illness Care Program TeamAriadne Labs• Atul Gawande, MD, MPH• William Berry, MD, MPA, MPH• Lisa Hirschhorn, MD• Stu Lipsitz, ScD• Bridget Neville, MPH• Sue Czajak• Jonathon Gass, MPH

Serious Illness Care Program• Director: Susan Block, MD• Assoc. Dir: Rachelle Bernacki, MD, MS

SICP Research faculty and fellows:• Joshua Lakin, MD• Daniela Lamas, MD• Joanna Paladino, MD• Justin Sanders, MD

Program Management:• Rich Lawson, PhD• Francine Maloney, MPH• Mathilde Hutchings, MPH• Luca Koritsanszky, MPH• Jane Kavanaugh

Research/Program Staff:• Sam Epstein• Sergey Goryachev, MS• Jenna Ogden• Nate Pertsch• Katrinka Quirk• Maribel Valenzuela, MS• Judith Vick• Alyssa Vigliotti• Chris Kohberger

Page 36: Serious Illness Care Program Workshop Hampshire...Agenda Agenda •Didactic and Reflection 9:15‐9:35 •Describe the benefits of serious illness conversations 9:35‐9:50 •Demonstration