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Ser/Estar
Ser
Presente Pretérito (*same as ir)Soy Somos Fui FuimosEres Sois Fuiste FuisteisEs Son Fue Fueron
ImperfectoEra ÉramosEras EraisEra Eran
Estar
Presente PretéritoEstoy Estamos Estuve EstuvimosEstás Estáis Estuviste EstuvisteisEstá Están Estuvo Estuvieron
ImperfectoEstaba EstábamosEstabas EstabaisEstaba Estaban
SER Pprofession Oorigin Nnationality Ddescription, date, time
*location of event- El partido es en el estadio.
ESTAR HHealth- EEmotion- LLocation- PPresent progressive (-ando/iendo)
Words that change in meaning with ser vs. estar
ser estarListo clever readyMalo bad illRico rich rich/tasty
(food)Vivo lively
sharp/quick aliveBueno good well (health)Cansado tiring tired
Words that change in meaning with ser vs. estar
ser estarVerde green unripeMoreno dark hair suntannedAburrido boring boredSeguro safe sure,certainDelgado thin looks thinNervioso nervous nervous
aboutsomething
Words that change in meaning with ser vs. estar
Ser EstarViejo old looks oldPálido pale looks pale
Ser and Estar with past participles
1. Ser with past participle (ado, ido + irregulars) is passive.
La puerta fue abierta por la chica.
2. Estar with past particple (ado, ido, +irregulars) is a result of action.
La puerta está abierta.
Pretérito o Imperfecto
NOW YOU HAVE TO APPLY TWO RULES IN THE PAST:
Ser/estarSer imperfecto- something that happened, that was over an indefinite period of time.Ser pretérito- during a specific time period
Estar imperfecto- no specific time, no context and usually part of a storyEstar pretérito- completed action, specific time, etc.
Mi novio_____________enfermo.
My boyfriend was sick.
El libro_____________viejo. The book was old.
Ellos_____________latinoamericanos. They were Latin American.
Laura___________en Guatemala por una semana.
Laura was in Guatemala for a week.
Ella_____________cenando con su amigo.
She was having dinner with her friend.
El concierto_______________a las ocho.
The concert was at 8:00.
Yo_______________nervioso ayer por la presentación.
I was nervous for the presentation yesterday.
____________el 2 de enero.
It was January 2nd.
La sopa siempre___________buena. The soup was always good.
La semana pasada la paella_______buena.
Last week the paella was good.
La semana pasada la paella estuvo buena.
El concierto_____________ayer. The concert was yesterday.
¿Cómo ____________tu abuela? What was your grandmother like?
