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Headquarter Office : No. 192, Darya blv. Saadat Abad ,Tehran, IranTel : +98 21 88370266 , Fax : +98 21 88370267
Manufacturing Headquarter: Safadasht Industrial Zone,Tehran, Iran, Tel : +98 21 65439160-3w w w . p a n t a n . c o , i n f o @ p a n t a n . c o
SEPARATOR AND REACTORINTERNALS
PROCESS VESSEL INTERNALS
1
WORLD CLASS PRODUCTS & SERVICES
PROCESS VESSEL INTERNALS
PROCESS VESSEL INTERNALS
1
PANTAN is a well-established leading designer andmanufacturer of a complete range of Process Vesselinternals for the Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries.
For well over a decade now, our company has developed a comprehensive range of products and services including :• Fractionation Trays• Packed Tower Internals• Separator Internals • Reactor Internals • Site Services
PANTAN certified according to ISO 9001:2015 forDesigning and Manufacturing of Process Vessel Internals. Our principal focus is on improvingproducts quality and customer satisfaction.
Proper consideration of the feed inlet design is alsocritical. Typically this may be either an open nozzle,elbowed pipe with target wear plate, half open pipeor in some cases, especially where high liquid loadsand slug flow are anticipated, it is advisable to installa Panta Inlet™ vane device.
3
Gas Outlet
Liquid Outlet
Feed Inlet
Type 4
Gas Outlet
Liquid Outlet
Feed Inlet
Type 5
The vessel configurations shown on these pageare simplified to show typical arrangements only.In almost all cases, vessel dimensions, includinginlet and outlet nozzle size and locations, arecritical to the proper functioning of the separatorinternals.
Type 6
SandDrain
WaterOutlet
WaterWashInlet
FeedInlet
OilOutlet
GasOutlet
PantaInletTM Inlet Baffle PantaVaneTM
Gas Box
Outlet WeirPantaSettleTM
2
Separator InternalsPANTAN design and manufacture wide range of separator internals based on well established, triedand tested, industry standard design conceptswith unique mechanical enhancements to ensure effective and reliable performance. This section of brochure provides details of the
There are three principal categories of separation process for which PANTAN offer comprehensive package of Vessel Internal Hardware and EngineeringSupport.
Table of Typical Application
complete range of separation equipment including:• Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators (Panta Mesh™)• Vane Mist Eliminators (Panta Vane™)• Multiple Cyclone Mist Eliminators (Panta Spin™)• Plate Pack Coalescers (Panta Settle™)• Feed Inlet Devices (Panta Inlet™)
Separator Configuration
These are:• Vapour - Liquid Separation (2 phase)• Liquid - Liquid Separation (2 phase)• Vapour - Liquid - Liquid Separation (3 phase)
GasOutlet
Liquid Outlet
Type 3
FeedInlet
FeedInlet
Gas Outlet
Liquid Outlet
Type 1
FeedInlet
Gas Outlet
Liquid Outlet
Type 2
Type Device Application
1
2
3
4
5
6
Panta Mesh™ & Panta Vane™
Panta Mesh™ & Panta Vane™
Panta Vane™
Panta Mesh™
Panta Vane™
Panta Settle™ & Panta Vane™
Packed ,Trayed Columns/ Fouling Service
KO Drums, Suction Scrubbers
Particulate Scrubbers
Production Separators, Slug Catchers
Production separator & 3 Phase Separator
Packed ,Trayed Columns, Particulate Scrubbers ,KO Drums
4 5
Panta Mesh™Type Material Efficiency Wire Diameter(mm)
Mesh Density(kg/m3)
Void FractionSurface Area(m2/m3)
PM-145
PM-195
PMH-125
Metal
Metal
Metal
Moderate
High
High
0.28
0.28
0.15
144
192
128
255
360
460
0.98
0.97
0.98
Panta Mesh™ Mist Eliminator comprises a pad ofknitted wire mesh sandwiched between two rigidgrids to provide support. Liquid mists collect on thewires as the bulk vapor travels through the pad.The collected liquid droplets coalesce into a continuousfilm on the wires and drain from the mesh under gravity.
Droplet removal is by inertial impaction. As the gasflows through the Panta Mesh™ pad, it must flow aroundthe dense matrix form by the knitted wire and as a result the entrained liquid droplets will tend to collideand coalesce on the wire surfaces. The coalescedliquids will tend to be retained on the wire surface bycapillary action and will drain from the Panta Mesh™ padunder gravity unless the gas velocity or liquid loadingexceeds the capacity limit. Removal of any droplet sizecan be calculated based on centrifugal forces andStokes Law.
Demister Pad
In general droplet removal efficiency increases with:
• Increasing Gas Velocity• Increasing Gas and Liquid density difference• Decreasing Gas Viscosity• Increasing Mesh Density• Increasing Mesh Pad Thickness
Specifications of some popular types of mesh pads which are used in most processes are listed in the below table:
Panta VaneTM Mist Eliminator consists of a seriesof specially profiled baffles that removes liquid dropletsfrom vapor stream by the inertial impaction of thedroplets on the baffles. The liquid droplets carry overwith vapor which has been crossing vane zigzag do notintend to change direction, so collide to lates andforming larger droplets which trickle downward tothe liquid in the bottom of separator drum.
Specifications of types of Panta Vane™ are as below:
• Simple vertical flow vane (VC0 Series)• Single pocket horizontal flow vane (HZ1 Series)• Double pocket horizontal flow vane (HZ2 Series)
Vane Pack
Droplet removal is by inertial impaction. When the gasis forced to change direction negotiating narrowpassages formed by the shape of the vanes, larger liquiddroplets will tend to continue in a straight line andcoalesce on the vane surface that blocks their path.Smaller droplets however will tend to follow the gasaround the corner.The degree of removal of any droplet size can becalculated based on centrifugal forces and Stokes Law. In general droplet removal efficiency increases with:• Increasing Gas Velocity• Increasing Gas and Liquid density difference• Decreasing Gas Viscosity• Increasing Vane Angle• Decreasing Vane Pitch
Specifications of some popular types of mesh pads which are used in most processes are listed in the below table:
For most application, K=0.107 m/s, may howeverbe used for estimation purposes.To account for the effect of induced maldistributionPanta MeshTM should be sized with:Cs (actual) =0.8 × Cs (max)Where: Cs (actual) =V× ((dl -dg) / dg) 0.5
Vs= Q / Af (m/s)Q =Gas rate (m/s)AF=Net face area of Panta MeshTM pad m2)
The liquids collected by the Penta-MeshTM Pad willre-entrain if the gas load on the Pad face exceeds:Cs (max) =K × ((dl -dg) / dg) 0.5
Where: dg =Gas density (kg / m3)dl =Liquid density (kg /m3)K =Mesh capacity factor (m/s)K dependents on mesh style, liquid surface Cs tensionand viscosity and also liquid loading.
Panta Vane™Type
DrainageChannel
VanePitch
FoulingResistance
VC0-225
VC0-325
VC0-425
HZ1-225
HZ1-325
HZ1-425
HZ1-220
HZ1-320
HZ1-420
HZ2-220
HZ2-320
HZ2-420
None
None
None
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
20
Good
Good
Good
Reasonable
Reasonable
Reasonable
Reasonable
Reasonable
Reasonable
Avoid
Avoid
Avoid
HZ1-325 Open 25 Reasonable
HZ1-425 Open 25 Reasonable
HZ1-220 Open 20 Reasonable
HZ1-320 Open 20 Reasonable
HZ1-420 Open 20 Reasonable
HZ2-220 Enclosed 20 Avoid
HZ2-320 Enclosed 20 Avoid
HZ2-420 Enclosed 20 Avoid
VC0
HZ1
HZ2
Panta MeshTM Pressure Drop Curve
Panta MeshTM Capacity
6 7
Panta SpinTM Centrifugal Mist Eliminators consistof multiple cyclone pipes. An intense spinning motionis induced into the gas entering the cyclone pipeswhich throws the liquid droplets onto the pipe walldue to the resulting centrifugal forces.
Features:
• Higher gas and liquid handling capacity• More compaction with the same duty • Higher removal efficiency for large droplets
Multi-cyclone is usually combined with anotherMist Eliminator device such as “Demister Pad” placedupstream for better operation. These devices havingeither coalescing or demisting roles and improvetotal droplet removal efficiency.
Multi-Cyclon
Panta SettleTM Coaclescers are used to enhance theseparation of two immiscible liquids. They performvery effectively in two phase liquid-liquid separationor in 3 phase separation provided the feed to theseparator does not contain a stable liquid emulsion.The gravity settler works solely on the principle ofstokes law, which predicts the rate of rise or fall ofdroplets of dispersed fluid inside continues phase.The Panta SettleTM as Parallel Plate Pack includesmetal plates by narrow space between them to formchannel to drain away coalesced liquid. To facilitatecapture of the dispersed droplets, the plates areinclined to the horizontal, which promotes dropletcoalescence into films, and to guide them forentrapment into channels, thereby preventingremixing with the Continues phase.
Plate Pack Coalescer
Penta Settle™ Style Plate Pitch(mm)
PPP-15F
PPP-20F
PPP-25F
PPP-25S
15
20
25
25
45°
45°
45°
60°
Low
Moderate
Moderate
Good
20-50 Microns
30-100 Microns
50-200 Microns
50-300 Microns
Plate Angle Fouling Resistance Droplet Cut-offSize Range
98
PROCESS VESSEL INTERNALS
Panta InletTM reduce inlet momentum, and promoteinitial bulk separation of Vapor-liquid feeds to avessel. A uniform distribution plays essential rolesin separation efficiency.Panta Vane Inlet™ consist of a series of curvedvane arranged in heavy duty housing.
Features
• Reduced inlet nozzle size • Lower formation of fine mists and emulsions• Improved Vapor distribution• Lower Vapor velocities• Lower liquid re-entrainment• Reduced slug momentum• Reduced liquid load on mist eliminator
Vane Inlet Device
The CFD uses to analyze products, key further and new products development whilst CFD reduces the volumeof necessary experiments for design studies where would hardly be available.
PANTAN use CFD to investigate the flow regime in wide range of products like Distributors, Vane Pack,Multi-cyclones and etc. This tool allows us to increase the separation efficiency and to optimize the design rules.
Velocity magnitude and Pressure distribution simulation results in (a) Panta SpinTM and (b) Panta VaneTM
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Analysis
Multi-cyclones and etc. This tool allows us to increase the separation efficiency and to optimize the design rules.
Velocity magnitude and Pressure distribution simulation results in (a) Panta SpinTM and (b) Panta Vane
11
PANTAN design and manufacture a wide range of reactor internals for media retention for both axial flow and forradial flow Reactors.
10
AXIAL Flow Reactor Internals
The down flow or up flow systems are widely used inDesulfurizers, Hydrotreaters, Hydrocrackers, MolecularSieves, Gas Sweeteners and other Absorption Process.PANTAN design and manufacture wide range of internalsfor these systems to retain the media and to providea proper collection area for the process flow across theentire vessel diameter or length. These are:• Distributor Tray• Quench Mixer • Catalyst Support Grid• Scale Trap• Inlet Diffuser • Outlet Collector
In the hydroprocessing reactor, the hydrocarbon feedis reacted with hydrogen over a fixed bed of catalystat an elevated temperature and pressure. For petroleumfractions heavier than naphtha, the mixture of hydrocarbonfeed and hydrogen typically consists of two phases:a liquid phase and a vapor phase. In order to use thecatalyst efficiently, the liquid and the vapor must bedistributed uniformly across the reactor cross-section.Our standard Distributor Trays is multi chimneys typewhich are generally composed of lateral openings(holes notches spaced vertically up the axis of the chimney)for liquid and superior apertures for gas.
Intel Diffuser
Catalyst Bed
Support Grid
Catalyst Bed
Liquid Distributor
Quench Mixer
Liquid Collector
Distributor Tray
In two phase hydroprocessing reactors with quenchin inter-bed, a mixing device is required in order tocontact the quench fluid with vapor and liquid mediafrom above catalyst bed for efficient transfer phenomenawith uniform composition and temperature profilesin the bed below.
Quench Mixer
A series of cylindrical screens arrayed at the topof the upper catalyst bed either to collect metalliccontaminates or scales from plugins the top surfaceof the upper catalyst bed or to increase the totalsurface area of the upper catalyst bed to extendthe bed’s useful life.
Scale Trap
Support Grids are designed to provide sufficientstrength to support catalytic beds under normaloperating conditions while at the same time withoutcreating any capacity restriction in the column,a suitable support grid selection depends on thetype of catalyst as well as maximum design load. The Support Grids surface are furnished by wiremeshes or wedge wire screens which are the filteringelements for retaining catalyst media.
Catalyst Support Grid
Reactor Internals
12
Vane
Inle
t De
vice
OUTLET COLLECTORDEM
ISTE
R P
AD
RADIAL Flow Reactor InternalsComputational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Analysis
Plat
e Pa
ck C
oales
cer
Plate Pack Coalescer
Vane Pack
Mul
ti-Cy
clon
Que
nch
Mixe
r
Quench Mixer
WO
RLD
CLA
SS
PR
OD
UC
TS &
SER
VIC
ES
Scale Trap
Distributor Tray
PROCESS VESSEL INTERNALS
The radial flow systems are widely used in CatalyticReforming, Styrene Dehydrogenation, NOX RemovalSystems, Solvent Recovery, Ammonia Converters,and Isomerization Processes.These reactor are employed for their high-volumeflow capacity with minimal pressure drop Radialflow systems increase contact efficiency betweenthe process stream and catalyst bed which causesvessel size reduction. These type of reactors notonly produce a higher yield, but also they aremore energy efficient.
The main internals of a radial flow reactor are:• Center Pipes• Scallops• Cover Plates
In its simplest form a radial flow system consistof two concentric screens and an annulus filledwith catalyst slots on both the center screen andouter basket are oriented vertically to allow mediato slide against the screen surface during processingwithout becoming abraded by the slot edges.
It is designed to prevent flow maldistribution in thebed and to avoid movement of the catalyst bed byhigh-velocity impingement.Inlet Diffuser reduces kinetic energy of feed to ensurethat the distribution of feed inside reactor or in theDistributor Tray below is not turbulence directly fromthe inlet tube.
Inlet Diffuser
INLET DIFFUSERIt is designed to give an even flow distribution at thebed outlet in order to ensure optimal utilization of thecatalyst in the bottom of bed, another task of OutletCollector is to prevent the catalyst , inert Ball andfines from entering the outlet pipe.
Outlet Collector
Out
let C
ollec
tor
RADIAL Flow Reactor Internals
Center Pipe
ScallopCover Plate
AXIAL Flow Reactor Internals