EL SUBJUNTIVOSeñorita Hittie

Español III Pre-AP

Tense vs. Mood

Every verb has a tense and a mood Tense = Time

Past, Present and Future Mood = Feelings

Outside of timeAll about context3 Main Moods

Mood 1: Indicative Just the facts Like a teacher The regular past,

present, and future we have learned

Christopher Columbus encontró América en

1492

Tenemos tarea esta noche

Vamos a tener un examen el viernes

Mood 2: Imperative Commands Present Tense Like a parent telling

you what to do Assume that it is

going to happen

¡Haz la tarea!

¡Limpia la casa!

¡No vayas a la fiesta!

Mood 3: Subjunctive The mood of doubt

and uncertainty Past, present*, or

future Like a bratty little

sisterDoesn’t believe in youTells you what to do

(doesn’t mean you’ll do it!)

Always talking about her hopes and dreams

No creo que vayas a aprobar

el examen

Sugiero que limpies mi

cuartoEspero que

Esteban salga conmigo

Forming the Subjunctive

The formation of the subjunctive is exactly the same as the formation of commands!

1. Put the verb in the yo form Ex (Hablar – want tú form): hablo

2. Drop the –o habl-

3. Add the opposite ending hables

What are the “opposite endings?”

AR Verbs ER/IR Verbs Yo – a Tú – as Él/Ella/Ud. – a Nosotros – amos Ellos/Ellas/Uds – an

Yo – e Tú – es Él/Ella/Ud. – e Nosotros – emos Ellos/Ellas/Uds – en

Irregulars – From “yo” form

Stem Changers Nosotros

e ie Mentir – mienta, mientas Pensar – piense, pienses

e i Pedir – pida, pidas, pidan

o ue Dormir – duerma, duermas Contar – cuente, cuentes Resolver – resuelva

u ue Jugar – juegue, juegues

AR & ER: Back to normal stem Pensar – pensemos Contar – contemos Resolver – resolvamos

IR: e i Mentir – mintamos Pedir – pidamos o u Dormir - durmamos

Irregulars – From “yo” form

Yo-Go’s G-J’s

Hacer – haga, hagamos Tener – tenga, tengamos Decir – diga, digas Poner – ponga, pongas Salir – salga, salgamos Traer – traiga, traigamos Caer – caiga, caigamos Venir – venga

GER/GIR verbs Escoger – escoja Fingir – finja, finjamos Proteger – proteja Recoger – recoja

Irregulars – From “yo” form

“Snow Cones”

Z-C’sGU-G

CER/CIR verbs Conocer – conozca Obedecer – obedezca Ofrecer – ofrezca Vencer – venza

GUIR verbs Seguir – siga, sigamos Conseguir – consiga Extinguir – extinga Distinguir – distinga

Irregulars – From “yo” form

Added “y” Accented í or ú

UIR Verbs Add “y” in all 5 forms Construir – construya Destruir – destruya Excluir – excluya Huir – huya, huyamos Incluir – incluya

IAR and UAR verbs Accent in all forms except

nosotros Confiar – confíe, confiemos Desconfiar – desconfíe Enviar – envíe, enviemos Esquiar – esquíe, esquiemos Actuar – actúe, actuemos Continuar - continúe

Irregulars – CAR, GAR, & ZAR Spell Change in all 5 forms to prevent

pronunciation problems CAR: ce que

Practicar: practique, practiques, practique, practiquemos, practiquen

GAR: ge gueJugar: juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos,

jueguen ZAR: ze ce

Empezar: empiece, empieces, empiece, empecemos, empiecen

True Irregulars Dar

dé, des, dé, demos, den Estar

esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén Ir

vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayanUse ir + a + infinitive for the future

Sabersepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan

Sersea, seas, sea, seamos, sean

Haberhaya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayanUse with past participle for present perfect formation

What about pronouns?

Here’s one place our conjugation differs from commands.

You MUST put your pronouns (reflexive, reciprocal, direct object, indirect object) BEFORE the conjugated subjunctive verb.

What does it all mean?

English does not have a different conjugation for the subjunctive mood.voy = I govaya = I go

The difference is subtle, so we have to think about when we need indicative or subjunctive…voy = I go (for sure)vaya = I go (maybe, hopefully, doubtfully,

please)

Context To use the subjunctive, first you have to indicate that

there is a need for it. You need to express that there is doubt, uncertainty,

hope, or a suggestion. We express these things through various expressions

(see vocab), and use the indicative for this conjugation.I definitely doubt, hope for, or am suggesting

After that, we use the subjunctive for what it is that we are doubting, hoping, or suggesting

The word “que” acts as a bridge between the indicative and the subjunctive. It allows for a change of mood and a change in subject.

Examples