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VOL.01 STATEMENT OF INTENT AND ITINERARY
2014 -2015 BRANNER TRAVELING FELLOWSHIP APPLICANT
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
SELF FORMATION IN NATURE, ART AND ARCHITECTURE
SELF FORMATION IN NATURE, ART AND ARCHITECTURE
Statement of Intent
Self formation
Self-formation is a process that an object or phenomenon is transformed by
itself to adapt its shape or character from the external forces. The transition
when the nature changes or is changed by the natural impacts such as weath-
ering, erosion, sedimentation, earthquake or volcano effect, can be also called
as a self-formation. Not only the natural phenomenon, but also arts and archi-
tecture can be also self-formed, which means that the form of arts and architec-
ture is produced unintentionally from the natural phenomenon including gravity
or user’s change, although the designer did not purpose the outcome. Interest-
ingly, the external factors and the system how Nature or man-made structure
has influenced on is very similar and its impact brings similar results on both,
even though the intent, scale, life and material of form from Nature and artificial
constructions are totally different each other. So, from the Branner Traveling
Fellowship, I would like to explore the all the results of self-formation in both
Nature, arts and architecture, and understand its process, reasons, controlling
factors and external forces. Through these adventures, I would be able to learn
the new methodology how design can affect and be affected in the environment.
Self formation through natural force
First of all, to learn the self-formation of design in architecture, I believe that I
should understand the natural environment, because Nature is a foundation of
all formation in the world and can inspire the design process. For example, in
Le Maire channel at the Antarctic[1], the iceberg had been weathered through
thousand years of erosion and sedimentation, and became colonnades of col-
umn shape of iceberg. These natural ice columns show how a structural column
support the mass and how the gravity force impact through the vertical connec-
tion, which teach the fundamental structure system in architecture. In addition,
a basalt rock mountain[2] that had been formed in a short time by the sudden
volcano eruption, consists of numerous hexagonal shapes of volume, which in-
dicates the most stable structure, honeycomb frame. This brings to the idea that
different period of processing in material can be utilized for a different pattern
and design in arts. So, exploring these nature environments would inspire the
way that architecture can be formed and self-formation methods.
Self formation in Art
There are also art movements that emphasized the accidental result of art
forms, which is not created by author’s purpose. The “Arte Povera” movement
that was originated throughout Italy in 1960s, shows artists’ exploration in a
range of unconventional processes and non-traditional ‘everyday’ materials. [3]
[1] Iceberg column at AntarcticSource - http://vi.sualize.us/
[2] Basalt rock mountain at ArmeniaSource - http://lolscream.com/
[3] Reference - http://www.wikipedia.org/
So, artists uses other controlling factors to let the art be formed as it is influ-
enced. For instance, Japanese artist Tokujin Yoshioka is one of artists who is
affected by the “Arte Povera”. His project, “Natural Crystal Chair, 2008”[4] was
made by the natural crystal that keeps naturally growing, and the result form
after icing crystal became his art. He said, “The relationship between natural
power and human beings is a very important theme in my creation. I would be
pleased if Crystalized Project became an opportunity to increase awareness of
the essence of nature; its beauty, strength, and the fearful side with its astound-
ing power, and for us to come back to the concept of living within this nature;
the Earth.”[5] By experiencing these art works during the travel, I am sure that I
can acquire knowledge and understanding of self-formation process in different
scale from macro to micro.
Self formation to Architecture
In addition, there are precedents that some architects already utilized the
self-formation process into design. In 1950s, Frei Otto and Felix Candela have
experimented the building mass formation by the gravity force, the simulation
result represented the basic form of buildings, that means the gravity force
itself could create a shape of building, but architects expressed the outcome
as an architecture using tensile and membrane structures.[6] As visiting there
structural buildings, I would see both how the natural forces impact and create
on the form of building and, on the other hand, how the building can overcome
the external forces. These days, the range of utilizing self-formation has broad-
ened through many current architects. For example, the temporal exhibition,
“The blur building”, that was designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro Architects
in 2011 created building’s perimeter by a fog mass resulting from natural and
manmade forces.[7] The atmosphere of the building was self-formed and con-
stantly changed. Also, “The Pole Dance”, winning project of MoMA PS1 Young
Architect Program in 2010 by SO-IL, offered several poles on grids connected
by bungee cords whose elasticity causes the poles to gently sway, which creates
a steady ripple throughout the space.[8] So, as a user moves the pole, the space
volume is also changed. These precedents show and teach how to coordinate
anonymous’ factors to the architecture design. By traveling these Nature, arts
and architecture that are transformed or created as a natural phenomenon, I
believe to figure out what is the relationship between controlling factors and
external forces, how the scale of form changes material, and how the natural
system can be operated in architecture.
[4] Natural Crystal Chair, 2008Source - Tokujin Yoshioka Webpage
[7] The Blur BuildingSource - Diller Scofidio + Renfro Webpage
[8] PS1 Young Architect Program 2010Source - http://moma.org/
[6] Frei Otto’s Gravity Simulation, Source - Tensile Structure Book
[5] Quote - http://www.tate.org.uk/
Statement of Intent
Itinerary
PREPARATION & ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES
1. Preliminary studies in thesis preparation 2014 fall semester - Preparation of travel and update itinerary
1.1. Precedent studies
1.2. Simulation in physical & digital environment
1.3. Update reference and redefine Itinerary
1.4. Contact artists and keep tracking the schedule of exhibition
2. Collecting and Analyzing data in 2015 travel year - Speculate the real world with scale, external factor & forces
2.1 Abstract drawing and sketch, and record video and sound (If necessary)
2.2 Collect and categorize data (If necessary) - by material, external factor and fundamental forces
2.3 Update factor Charts and brief self report every month
2.4 Visit the living classroom “the HOOKE PARK” directed by Frei Otto
2.5. Interview artists in Japan (Tokujin Yashioka and Cyoko Tamai)
2.6 Collect materials on site (If possible)
3. Expecting future research & design works in 2015 thesis semester - How to apply the knowledge and data into design process
3.1 Reorganize data collections
3.2 Apply the collected date into different scale, material and external forces - As a cross pollination of data collection 3.3 Experiment and simulate physical model and data
3.4 Digital design model simulation through Kangaroo & Grasshopper (Computational modeling tool for physic)
3.5 Install simulation models through comparison of precedent references
3.6 Publish travel thesis broacher or book
Before travel
On going Gravity digital Simulation
On going Factor Chart
During travel
After travel
Itinerary
Itinerary
SELF FORMATION SITE SELECTION STRATEGIES
1. Natural process as self formation - How to impact the natural forces to natural-scape
1.1. Water Erosion
1.2. Chemical Reaction
1.3. Volcano Eruption
1.4. Human Intervention
1.5 Friction Force
1.6 Wave Force
2. Generative form finding process as self formation - How to utilize the different minerals and forces in the art process
2.1 Crystallizing
2.2 Air movements
2.3 Piling
2.4 Sagging
2.5 Concentrating
3. Early studies of fundamental forces - Speculating the use of forces in early human history
3.1 Gravity
3.2 Tension
3.3 Compression 4. Contemporary use of external factors in design process - Diverse usages of external factors in design such as fire and air pressure
3.1 Air pressure and pneumatics
3.2 Gravity
3.3 Lateral force
3.4 Tensegrity
3.5 Fire and bubble
Nature
Art
Architecture
Itinerary
Self Formation through WATER & EROSION
Natural environment keeps changing and adopting as time goes, and this self-forming process can inspire the ar-
chitecture as well. There are essential adaptation process in nature such as erosion, weathering and sedimentation.
Although same external process is affected, each site is changed differently according to its location, scale, tempera-
ture and duration.
City
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Force
Name
Name
Name
Name
Antelope Canyon
Horseshoe Bend
Cedar ceremonial park
Etretat Cliffs
Arizona
Arizona
Utah
Etretat
USA
USA
USA
France
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Erosion, Sedimentation
Erosion, Weathering
Sedimentation, Weathering
Wave Erosion, Weathering
Source - http://flickr.com/fabienshab
Source - http://flickr.com/fabienshab
Source - http://flickr.com/oldmantravels
Source - http://flickr.com/Moyanbrenn
Itinerary
Self Formation through MINERAL & CHEMICAL REACTION
Nature is also changed by the chemical reaction. High concentrate of sodium mineral has impacted on the desert,
which changes to vast prairie at Uyuni desert in Bolivia. The mountain Pamukkale got a lot of bathtubs due to the
chemical reaction of carbonate minerals. Rainbow mountain in China has been colored because of the numerous
mineral deposits for a long time.
Uyuni Desert
Rainbow mountain
Pamukkale
Carrera Lake
Potosi Departments
Zhangye
Denizli Province
Patagonia
Bolivia
China
Turkey
Chile
Sodium Mineral
Red Sandstone, Mineral Deposit
Carbonate Minerals, Hot Springs
Marvel Stone, Mineral Water
Mineral Sedimentation
Tectonic Plate force, Sedimentation
Sedimentary deposited by water
Erosion, Weathering
City
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Force
Name
Name
Name
Name
Source - http://flickr.com/richardsilver
Source - http://flickr.com/jkaseller
Source - http://flickr.com/ladymarianna
Source - http://flickr.com/smush12
Itinerary
Self Formation through VOLCANO & HUMAN INTERVENTION
There are sometimes unexpected scene in nature because of humam intervention. Accident explosion by military
test had created huge hole on rock forest, which became a hidden beach in Mexico. Efficient water supply system of
agriculture made colorful circle shape of crops on ground. Or, significant volcano eruption also suddenly transforms
the land, for example, all the byproducts from volcano cover the whole mountain like basalt columns.
Hidden Beach
Basalt Columns
Crop Circles
Cappadocia Mountain
Marieta Island
Los Organos
Nevada
Nevsehir Province
Mexico
Peru
USA
Turkey
Rock
Basalt stone
Crops
Stone
Accident Explosion by Military Test
Volcano eruption
Flattening of a crop
Volcano eruption
City
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Force
Name
Name
Name
Name
Source - http://flickr.com/stefanogambassi
Source - http://hugefloods.com/
Source - http://flickr.com/ineurosis
Source - http://flickr.com/rose
Itinerary
Self Formation through BOOLEAN SUBTRACTION
The solid form is manipulated by many different ways. The Gothic and Baroque era vault system has shown a funda-
mental form base on power which has similar spatial trait in natural phenomenon such as rainbow bridge in Grand
Canyon National Park and Glacial Columns in Le Maire channel at the Antarctic. Many different material size and joint
system allow diverse of shape in space and atmosphere.
- - -
La Trompe De Chateau de Blois Capilla de los Reyes Hagia Sophia
Blois Valencia Istanbul
France Spain Turkey
Stone Stone Stone
Gravity Gravity Gravity
Man-made structure Man-made structure Man-made structure
City
Country
Material
Force
Natural/ Man-made
Name
Architect
All images source - ‘Volume’, 2012 by Brandon Clifford
Itinerary
Self Formation through COLLECTIVE RIB
Compare to the boolean vault, the rib vault is the most essential way of self form making. The minimal element is
naturally bended and leaning each other to create high ceiling space. The gravity, tension and compression work to-
gether to keep the space volume.
-
Antoni Gaudi
-
Basilica Vierzehnheiligen
La Sagrada Familia
Abbor’s Chapel
Bavaria
Barcelona
Musee De Cluny
Germany
Spain
France
Stone
Stone
Stone
Gravity
Gravity
Gravity
Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
Man-made structure
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Name
Name
Name
Architect
Architect
Architect
All images source - ‘Volume’, 2012 by Brandon Clifford
Itinerary
Self Formation through PNEUMATIC
The idea of air pressure as a form making in architecture has been one of the very few fundamental innovations
in building technology during the last 100 years. This type of form making has been developed with inner back up
structure. It started from wood frame simulation and now it is widely used with steel frame work. The Eden project
by Grimshaw Architects is an advanced model of this works. In addition, Kunsthaus by Peter Cook introduced rigid
glass type of pneumatic forms.
Peter cook, Colin Fournier
Smiljan Radic
Grimshaw Architects
The kunsthaus Graz
Serpentine Pavilion
Eden Project
Graz
London
St Blazey, Cornwall
Austria
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Glass
Transparent Concrete
ETFE(GAS+Steel frame)
Pneumatics
Pneumatics
Pneumatics
Simulation of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Name
Name
Name
Architect
Architect
Architect
Source - http://flickr.com/giuliasilvia
Source - http://flickr.com/andreanatt
Source - http://archdaily.com/petercook
Itinerary
Self Formation through CONVERTED GRAVITY
The Gravity is a fundamental force in architecture. Frei Otto and Felix Candela have conducted diverse experiment s
and simulations with the gravity force as a form finding process. The controlled holding points and gravity is a perfect
combination for building’s self formation with a thin structure in rigid format. The elegance curvature becomes orig-
inated from natural force.
Felix Candela
Heinz Isler
Felix Candela
Oceanográfico Valencia
Gartencenter Wyss Zuchwil
Restaurante Los Manantiales
Valencia
Zuchwil
Xochimilco
Spain
Switzerland
Mexico
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Tension, Gravity
Tension, Gravity
Tension, Gravity
Simulation of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Name
Name
Name
Architect
Architect
Architect
Source - http://flickr.com/stefanogambassi
Source - http://flickr.com/stefanogambassi
Source - http://flickr.com/wyssgarten
Itinerary
Self Formation through RIGID & TENSION
In this section, the forms are originated from capturing the moment with rigid structure. Pier Luigi Nerbi is the one
of seminal person to develop the self formation with concrete as a notion of structuralism. The St. Mary’s Cathedral
in San Francisco represents the movement of the form with rigid object instead of the use of tension fabric and cable.
Pier Luigi Nervi
Felix Candela
Eero Saarinen
St. Mary’s Cathedral
Our Lady of Miraculous Medals
TWA Flight Center
San Francisco
Mexico City
New York
USA
Mexico
USA
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Tension, Gravity
Tension, Gravity
Tension, Gravity
Simulation of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Name
Name
Name
Architect
Architect
Architect
Source - http://flickr.com/ximo
Source - http://archdaily.com/fwaterminal
Photograph in hand
Itinerary
Self Formation through SOFT & TENSION
In terms of tension forms, many artists and architects have used as one of design methods, Bodo Rasch and Frei
Otto are early users of this system with tension cable and stretched fabric. In last decade, the methodology has been
widely re-introduced through an advanced level with different material. As one of seminal example is SO-IL’s Kukje
Gallery in Korea which uses aluminum mesh surface, like knit fabric on the facade of the gallery through same logic.
The Centre Pompidou-Metz by Shigeru Ban, also used the system with wooden knit back-up structure and high per-
formance coated fabric on the top by capturing the moment of tension form.
Bodo Rasch
Shigeru Ban
SO-IL
Stuttgart university campus at vaihingen
The Centre Pompidou-Metz
Kuk-je Gallery
Vaihingen
Metz
Seoul
Germany
France
Korea
Tension Wire Cable, Stretched Fabric
Wooden neat frame, Coated fabric
Concrete Backup Volume, Alumium mesh
Tension, Compression, Gravity
Tension, Compression, Gravity
Tension, Gravity
Simulation of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Name
Name
Name
Architect
Architect
Architect
Source - http://flickr.com/sjlee
Source - http://flickr.com/materialisegroup
Source - http://flickr.com/materialisegroup
Itinerary
Self Formation through VARIOUS MATERIALS
There are many attempts that architects try to apply other materials or experiments into the architecture. Peter
Zumthor fired the tree trunks that have covered the interior space from the concrete chunk. After all trees are burned,
the hole inside concrete became an inside space. The interior wall of Prada store Beverly hills is made by the leftover
of Polyurethane after the ballons, that used to be filled in the silicon mat, got blown out.
Peter Zumthor
OMA
Zaha Hadid
Bruder Klaus Field Chapel
Prada Store Beverly Hiills
Serpentine Sakler Gallery
Mechernich
Los Angeles
London
Germany
USA
United Kingdom
Concrete, Tree Trunks
Polyurethane, silicon mat
Glass Fiber
Fire Burned
Bubble Pressure
Tension
Natural of Man-made structure
Natural of Man-made structure
Simulation of Man-made structure
City
City
City
Country
Country
Country
Material
Material
Material
Force
Force
Force
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Natural & Man-made
Name
Name
Name
Architect
Architect
Architect
Source - http://archdaily.com/
Source - http://archdaily.com/
Source - ‘El Croques, OMA’ by El Croques
Itinerary
CONVERSATION with Artists about Self Formation
As one of research tools, the interview with artists, who use the self-formation methodology in their design process,
can be a great research background. One artist is Tokujin Yoshioka. His work is a ramification of natural process
such as crystallizing the mineral, forming the fog in space in many different ways. Cyoko Tamai is an another artist.
Her interest and focus are the relationship between the concentration of water and ink in traditional Calligraphy. In
the process, her paintings show different outcome because of different ratio of ink and water. As a different jean-re,
researching such work processes and ethics can be one of answer of question “Self formation”.
Artist
Artist
City
City
Country
Country
Material
Material
Force
Force
Tokujin Yoshioka
Cyoko Tamai
Tokyo
Tokyo
Japan
Japan
Crystal
Dip Pen, Fiber
Freezing
Infusing
Source - http://www.tokujin.com/
Source - http://flickr.com/robertsaba
Itinerary
EXHIBITION about Self Formation
HOOKE PARK in AA School as real education of Self Formation
As the statement of intent mentioned, the Arte Povera has analogous background of self formation. Kunstmuseum
in Liechtenstein and Tate modern in London are important places to research works of the Atre Povera. During the
travel fellowship period, visiting of the seminal projects will be part of research works.
Frei Otto, who is a seminal person in development of the notion of self formation, has led the architecture program,
DESIGN & BUILD in AA. The HOOKE PARK is the living class room for experiment of self formation and real building
construction process. Visiting the Hooke Park and engaging the environment will provide more sensible idea for my
future research and works.
Architect
Architect
City
City
Country
Country
Name
Name
Frei Otto
Christian Kerez
The Hooke Park
Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein
Hooke
Vaduz
United Kingdom
Liechtenstein Source - http://archdaily.com/
Source - http://flickr.com/jmarch
Art
Arc
hit
ectu
re
Nat
ure
No
rth
Am
eric
a
Sou
th A
mer
ica
Euro
pe
Asi
a
San
Fra
nci
sco
Los
An
gel
esN
evad
aU
tha
Max
ico
Bel
ize
New
Yo
rk
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Fran
ceSp
ain
Port
ug
alA
ust
ria
Ger
man
yIt
alia
Swit
zerl
and
Cze
chTu
rkey
Arm
enia
Lin
chte
nst
ein
Ko
rea
Jap
anC
hin
a
Ch
ilePe
ruB
oliv
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razi
l
Jan
Fab
Mar
Ap
rM
ayJu
nJu
lA
ug
Sep
Oct
No
vD
ec
Gro
un
d F
are-
700
Air
Far
e - 1
200
Lod
ge
- 270
0Fo
od
- 14
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Gro
un
d F
are
- 700
Air
Far
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Lod
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