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[AD A~ 05? 420
TECHNICAL REPORTI
NATICK/TR-81/012
SELECTED BIVARIATE FREQUENCY TABLES:U.S. ARMY MEN AND WOMEN
IbyI
Thomas ChurchillI
Kathleen M. Robinettei
andI
Glen Potter1Anthropology Research Project
Yellow Springs, Ohio
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; JanuarI 1981DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. J
%0c'30 //0 1/3Clothing, Equipment & Materials Engineering Laboratory
ICEMEL-226
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
Citation of trade names in this report does notconstitute an official indorsement or approval of theuse of such items.
Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do notreturn it to the originator.
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF, THIS PAGE (Wheon Data.Enterod); ....
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE ' READ INSTRUCTIONSNBEFORE COMPLETING FORM
1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
NATICK/TR,8!/012
4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED• " Technical Report
SELECTED BIVARIATE FREQUENCY TABLES: .T
U.S. ARMY MEN AND WOMEN 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
CEMEL-2267. AUTHOR(s) - 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s)
Thomas Churchill Glen Potter* DAAK60-79-C-0097Kathleen M. Robinette
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKAREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERSAnthropology Research Project, Inc.
503 Xenia Avenue 62723AYellow Springs, Ohio 45383 IL162723AH98-AC-008. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE
U.S. Army Natick R & D Laboratories January 1981ATTN: DRDNA-VCA 13. NUMBER OF PAGES
Natick, Massachusetts 01760 20914. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(if different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. fof this report)
UNCLASSIFIED
15a. DECL ASSI FICATION/DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE
16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Block 20, it different from Report)
18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
*University of Dayton Research Institute
300 College Park AvenueDayton, Ohio 45469
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number)
Anthtopometry Survey(s) WomenMeasurement(s) U.S. Army Bivariate tablesBody size .Military personnel Correlation coefficientsSizes (Dimensions) Men Regression equations
20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side if necessary and Identify by block number)
Bivariate tables graphically portray the relationship between two dimen-sions and have traditionally played an important role in the use of anthropo-metric data by clothing and workspace designers. Published in this report,for the first time, is a set of bivariate tables in which men's and women'sdata are presented in comparable form, with the same units, the same intervalwidths, and the same interval endpoints. This presentation of the data willfacilitate the use of .the bivariate tables for design problems which involve
DD JN 1473 EDITION OF ' NOV 65 IS OBSOLETESEUIY.LSIFCTON.TUNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("hen Date Entered)
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(han Data Entered)
20. ABSTRACT (continued)
both men and women. This particular set of bivariates has been selected for thebenefit of clothing designers in particular; however, many of them may beapplicable to other types of design problems.
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF Tull PAGE(When Date Entered)
PREFACE
This report was developed in response to the requirements of contractDAAK60-79-C-0097 with the U.S. Army Natick Research and DevelopmentLaboratories. Mr. Robert M. White served as contract monitor and played anactive role in the selection of the bivariates.
The authors are grateful to Ms. ,ise Tebbetts for carefully organizingthe report, to Ms. Jane Reese for utilizing her expertise in preparing themanuscript for publication and to Dr. John T. McConville for his guidance.
TABLE OF CON~TENTS
Page
LIST.OF TABLES.. .. ........... .. ...... .. .. .. .... 4
INTRODUCTION ................ ................ 13
SECTION I Pair~ed Male and Female Bi'variates:Dimensions Comparable . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19
SECTION Ir Paired Male and Femal1'e Bivarates:Dimensions Not Comparable . .. .. ...... .. . . . .0
SECTION III Unique Male and Female Bivariates .. ....... ....... 143
SECTION IV Double Male/Female Bivariates. ............... 155
APPENDIX Measurement Descriptions. o............... 197
INDEX OF BIVARIATE TABLES. ................ ... ........205
3
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 A BivAriate Table for Crotch fleight andHip Circumference .. ........ ..........................
2 Distribution of Samples by Age, Rank and Race .. ........17
SECTION 1: Paired Male and Female Bivariates:Dimensions Comparable
Bust/Chest Circumference and Biceps Circumference:3.. . ........................... Men 204..............................Women 21
Bust/Chest Circumference and Hip Circumference:5......... ...... ........ .......Men 226..............................Women 23
Bust/Chest Circumference and Scye Circumferencet7.. . ........................... Men 248..................... ......... Women 25
Bust/Chest Circumference and Shoulder Circumference:9.. .................. ............ Men 2610.... .............. ..... ........ Women 27
Bust/Chest Circumference and Shoulder Length:11...............................Men 2812...............................Women 29
Bust/Chest Circumference and Sleeve Inseam:13.. .................... .........Men 3014..... ........................... Women 31
Bust/Chest Circumference and Weight:15............... ..... ...........Men 3216...............................Women 33
Bust/Chest Circumference and Wrist Circumference:17.. . ........................... Men 3418.............................Women 35
Crotch Height and Ankle Circumference:19.. . ..... .......................Men 3620.............................Women 37
Crotch Height and Hip Circumfereence:21..............................Men 3822.. . ........................... Women 39
4
LIST OF'TABLES (cont'd)
Table; Page
Crotch Height and Stature:23 . . . . . ..... . .. .... . . . . . Men 40
24.. .................. .. .. ..... Women 41
Crotch Height and Upper Thigh Circumference:25.. ................. ....... . . .. .. ......... ..Men 4226.................................Women 43
Foot Breadth and Foot Circumference:27.. ...... .................. .... Men 4428..... ...... ..................... Women 45
Foot Breadth and Heel Breadth:29.. ............................ Men 4630.. ............................. ..Women 47
- Foot Length and Foot Breadth:31.. ........................... Men 4832.. ........................... Women 49
Foot Length and Foot Circumference:33.. ............... ........ ......... Men 5034.. ....................... .....Women 51
Foot, Length and Instep Length:35.. ............... ....... .. .. .. ..............Men 5236.. ............... .................. .Women 53
Hand Breadth and Hand Length:37.. ............................. Men 5438.. ............................ .. Women 55
Hand Breadth and Palm Length:39.. ............................ Men 5640..... .......................... Women 57
Hand.Circumference and Hand Breadth:41...... ............................ Men 5842.. ............................ Women 59
Hand Circumference and Hand Length:43... .................................... .. .Men 6044...... ............ ....... .....Women 61
Hand Circumference and Palm Length:45.... ................. 0 . .. .. ....... Men 6246.. ..................... ..... .. ......... ..Women 63
5
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd)
Table Page
Head Breadth and Head Circumference:47.. .............. ............. Men 6448.............................Women 65
Head Length and Head Breadth:49.. .............. ............. Men 6650.............................Women 67
Head Length and Head Circumference:51.............................Men 6852.. ............... ............ Women 69
Hip Breadth and Hip Circumference:53.. .............. ............. Men 7054.. ........... ... ............. Women 71
Hip Breadth and Weight:55.. ............... ............ Men 7256.............................Women 73
Hip Circumference and Upper Thigh Circumference:57.. .............. .............. Men 7458..... ........................ Women 75
Hip Circumference and Weight:59............................Men 7660............. .................. Women 77
Instep Circumference and Foot Circumference:61.. . ........................... Men 7862.............................Women 79
Instep Circumference and Heel-Ankle Circumference:63.. ............... ..... ....... Men 8064................. .......... .... Women 81
Palm Length and Hand Length:65............... .............. Men 8266..............................Women 83
Shoulder Circumference and Weight:67.. .............. ........ ..... Men 8468...............................Women 85
Stature and Bust/Chest Circumference:69............. ...... ............. Men 8670.. .............. ...............Women 87
6
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd)
Table Page
Stature and Hip Breadth-71.................... ......... men. 8872.. .......................... Women 89
Stature and Hip Circumference:73.. ..... ......... .............. Men 9074.. ............. ....... ....... Women 91
Stature and Shoulder Circumference:75........................... .. ... Men 9276.... ......................... Women 93
Stature and Sleeve Inseam:7.. ............ .............. Men 94
78.. ............. .............. Women 95
Stature and Upper Thigh Circumference:79... .......................... Men 9680.. . .................. ......... Women 97
Stature and Weight:81.. .......................... Men 98,
82.. ........ .... .. .............. Women 99
Upper Thigh Circumference and Weight:83 . .. .. . ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .Men 100
84............ ................ Women 101
SECTION II: Paired Male and Female Bivariates:Dimensions Not Comparable
Ankle Circumference and Waist Circumference:85.. .............. ............. Men 10486.. . ................. .......... Women 105
Bust/Chest Circumference and Interscye Back:87.. ................ .......... Men 10688.. ..... .. ..... ............. Women 107
Bust/Chest Circumference and Neck Circumference:89.. . ..... ......... ............. Men 10890.............................Women 109
Bust/Chest Circumference and Vertical TrunkCircumference:
91.............................Men 11092.. ............... ............ Women 111
7
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd)
Table Page
Bust/Chest Circumference and Waist Back:93 . .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... . ... Men 11294.. ...... ........... ............ Women 113
Bust/Chest Circumference and Waist Circumference:95.. ............. .............. Men 11496.. .............. ............. Women 115
Crotch Height and Vertical Trunk Circumference:97............................ ...Men 11698.... ........................... Women 117
Crotch Height and Waist Circumference:99.. ................ ............ Men 118
100.. ................ ............ Women 119
Crotch Height and Waist Height:101...............................Men 120102.. . ........................... Women 121
Hip Circumference and Waist Circumference:103.. . ........................... Men 122104.. .. .......................... Women 123
Stature and Interscye Back:105..............................Men 124106.. ............... ............ Women 125
Stature and Neck Circumference:107..............................Men 126108......... ............... ......Women 127
Stature and Vertical Trunk Circumference:109.. .............. ............. Men 128110......... ...................... Women 129
Stature and Waist Back:1i....................... ........ Men 130112.............................Women 131
Stature and Waist Circumference:113.. .............................. Men 132114..............................Women 133
Stature and Waist Height:115..............................Men 134116..............................Women 135
8
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd)
Table Page
Upper Thigh Circumference and Waist.Circumference:117 .... ............. .................. Men 136118 . ...................... ... Women 137
Vertical Trunk Circumference and Waist Circumference:119 .................................. Men 138120 ... .................. .... Women 139
Waist Circumference and Weight121 ............................. Men 140122 .......... ...... .. ... ... Women 141
SECTION III: Unique Male and Female Bivariates
123 Ankle Height and Foot Length: Women .. ..... . 144
124 Ankle Height and Sphyrion Height: Women .......... 145
125 Bust/Chest Circumference and Sleeve Length: Men .... 146
126 Bust/Chest Circumference and Sleeve Outseam: Women. . 147
127 Bust/Chest Circumference and Waist Front: Women . . . 148
128 Crotch Length and Waist Circumference: Women. .. ....... 149
129 Neck Circumference and Sleeve Length: Men.. ...... 150
130 Sphyrion Height and Foot Length: Women ............ ... 151
131 Stature and Sleeve Length: Men ............. ...... 152
132 Stature and Sleeve Outseam: Women .. ........ 153
133 Stature and Waist Front: Women ............. 154
SECTION IV: Double Male/Female Bivariates
134 Bust/Chest Circumference and Biceps Circumference . . 156
135 Bust/Chest Circumference and Hip Circumference ........ ... 157
136 Bust/Chest Circumference and Scye Circumference.. .. . 158
9
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd)
Table Page
137 Bust/Chest Circumference and Shoulder Circumference. . .. 159
138 Bust/Chest Circumference and Shoulder Length ......... ... 160
139 Bust/Chest Circumference and Sleeve Inseam ........ .. 161
140 Bust/Chest Circumference and Weight ... ........... .... 162
141 Bust/Chest Circumference and Wrist Circumference .. ..... 163
142 Crotch Height and Ankle Circumference .............. .... 164
143 Crotch Height and Hip Circumference. ........... 165
144 Crotch Height and Stature ...... ................. ... 166
145 Crotch Height and Upper Thigh Circumference .......... ... 167
146 Foot Breadth and Foot Circumference ... ............ ... 168
147 Foot Breadth and Heel Breadth .... ............... .... 169
148 Foot Length and Foot Breadth ..... ............... ... 170
149 Foot Length and Foot Circumference ... ............ ... 171
150 Foot Length and Instep Length .... ............... .... 172
151 Hand Breadth and Hand Length ..... .............. ... 173
152 Hand Breadth and Palm Length .... ............... ... 174
153 Hand Circumference and Hand Breadth ............. . . 175
154 Hand Circumference and Hand Length ...... ...... ... 176
155 Hand Circumference and Palm Length ... ............ ... 177
156 Head Breadth and Head Circumference ... ............ ... 178
157 Head Length and Head Breadth .... ............... ... 179
158 Head Length and Head Circumference ... ............ ... 180
159 Hip Breadth and Hip Circumference .... ........... .... 181
160 Hip Breadth and Weight ......... .................. 182
161 Hip Circumference and Upper Thigh Circumference ... ...... 183
10
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd)
Table page
162 Hip Circumference and Weight .... ............... .... 184
163 Instep Circumference and Foot Circumference ...... . 185
164 Instep Circumference and Heel-Ankle Circumference . . . 186
165 Palm Length and Hand Length ............ ...... .. 187
166 Shoulder Circumference and Weight ... ............. ... 188
167 Stature and Bust/Chest Circumference ... ......... .... 189
168 Stature and Hip Breadth ... .................... 190
169 Stature and Hip Circumference ........ ...... .. 191
170 Stature and Shoulder Circumference ..... ....... .... 192
171 Stature and Sleeve Inseam ... .................. 193
172 Stature and Upper Thigh Circumference .... ......... 194
173 Stature and Weight .... ........ . ........... . 195
174 Upper Thigh Circumference and Weight ... ...... ... 196
11
SELECTED BIVARIATE FREQUENCY TABLES:U.S. ARMY MEN AND WOMEN
INTRODUCTION
Fundamental to the successful design of Army clothing is a working know-ledge of the relationships of human body dimensions to one another. While astaggering number of measurement statistics are available, their very abun-dance may well prove somewhat defeating to the clothing designer faced withthe task of designing a variety of clothing for men and women, determininghow many sizes will be necessary to accommodate the target population and,finally, determining how many of each garment will be required.
Among the most practical and useful ways of displaying information deal-ing with the multiplicity of relationships between clothing-related dimen-sions, and demonstrating at the same time the degree to which they relate toone another through the whole range of the population, are bivariatefrequency tables. These tables show the range of any two given dimensionsand present a graphic overview of how the subject population distributesitself across that range. They provide a means for deciding how many sizeswill be needed depending on the size intervals selected and, once graphicallydivided into size categories, they show how many garments of each size willhave to be provided.
While some bivariate tables for Army men do exist, they are unpublishedand not easily accessible to designers. A number of bivariates based on Armywomen's data were published (Churchill, T. et al., 1977)* but they are notcomparable or compatible with the few existing men's bivariates. Publishedin this volume for the first time is a set of comparable men's and women'sbivariates in which identical pairs of variables are used and presented incomparable units. The units used are inches, as opposed to the more tradi-tional metric units for anthropometric data, and the intervals have beenselected to be appropriate to designers of clothing and personal-protectiveindividual equipment.**
*Churchill, Thomas, Edmund Churchill, John T. McConville and Robert M. White.1977. Anthropometry of Women of the U.S. Army--1977, Report No. 3 -Bivariate Frequency Tables, Technical Report NATICK/TR-77/028, U.S. ArmyNatick Research and Development Command, Natick, Massachusetts. (AD A046 692)
.**The problems inherent in the translation of anthropometric data measured inmetric units to inch and fractional inch bivariate tables and the resolutionof these problems have been described in Churchill, T. et al., 1977.
13
Use of Bivariate Tables
The anthropometric bivariate table is a tabular method of displayingsimultaneously two normally distributed variables on a single table. InTable 1 a typical anthropometric bivariate is shown for the dimensional var-iables of crotch height and hip circumference. The table is divided verti-cally and horizontally by lines to create a matrix of cells. On the verticalor Y axis the cells represent hip circumference values, and the numbers on theextreme left of the table designate the beginning and end value of hip cir-cumference for each of the intervals or rows. The numbers on the extremeright of the table designate the number of individuals in each row.
Given on the X or horizontal axis is a similar tabulation for crotchheight with the beginning and end points for each column given in intervalsof one inch. The figures at the bottom of the table are the column summa-tions for the number of subjects in each of the intervals of crotch height.At the extreme lower right is the summation of the rows and columns which isthe total sample size.
The number in each bivariate cell represents the number of subjects whofall within a particular one inch of hip circumference and a particular oneinch of crotch height. Thus, it will be seen that 241 individuals out ofthe 1,330 subjects in the total sample have a hip circumference which fallsbetween 37.0 and 38.0 inches. Some 308 individuals of the total sample havecrotch heights which fall within the inch interval 29.0 to 30.0 inches.* Ofthese individuals, 69 have a hip circumference between 37.0 and 38.0 inchesand a crotch height between 29.0 and 30.0 inches.
Below the bivariate tables are two lines of data which give the totalsample mean and standard deviation for each variable, as well as the cor-relation coefficient (R) which expresses the relationship between the vari-ables. Also appearing below the bivariates are regression equations forpredicting one variable from a specific value of the other plus their associ-ated standard errors of the estimate. The R value indicates the degree towhich the tabulated dimensions correlate with each other; that is, the extentto which changes in one dimension predictably reflect similar changes in theother. On a scale of 0 to 1.0, where 1.0 is a perfect correlation, the .861correlation between crotch height and stature (Table 24, page 41) is con-sidered high; variables with an R of .5 are thought of as moderately correlated;and R=.260, as in Table 1, shows a poor correlation. A quick glance atthe pattern of numbers on a bivariate can give an immediate visual clue as tohow well the two variables are correlated. Poorly correlated variables showup in a roughly oval pattern (as in Table 1). Well-correlated variablesappear in a neat band which usually rises diagonally from left to right
*It would appear from the interval designations that an individual who isexactly 37.0 or 38.0 inches in hip circumference could fall in either of
.the adjacent columns. In the actual preparation of these tables, theinterval is designated as 37.0 through 37.99 inches so that no overlapof interval beginning and end points occur and each individual occupies oneand only one position in the table.
14
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15
(see Table 24) reflecting the fact that as one dimension gets bigger the othergets correspondingly bigger at approximately the same rate.
The regression equations which appear under the bivariates enable thereader to make a point estimate for one variable from any given value of theother. The accompanying standard error of estimate is used to construct therange of possible variance of the point estimate. We might, for example,wish to estimate crotch height for a small group of U.S. Army women knowingonly that their statures are 67.25 inches. These two dimensions are depictedon Table 24 and the regression equation for predicting crotch height fromstature appears below the table as follows:
CROTCH HEIGHT = (.579 x STATURE) - 7.08
STD. ERROR = .88
Plugging in the stature value of 67.25 yields:
CROTCH HEIGHT = (.579 x 67.25) - 7.08
CROTCH HEIGHT = 31.86
The best estimate for crotch height for these women is thus 31.86 inches but,as with all statistics, this becomes a probability statement with the use ofthe standard error of the estimate as follows: for approximately two thirdsof the subject women, crotch height values are likely to fall between 31.86inches minus .88 inches and 31.86 inches plus .88 inches (one standard errorof the estimate).
The Survey Samples
Men's bivariate data were obtained from an anthropometric survey con-ducted in 1965-66 in which a total of 6,682 men were measured at 12 Army poststhroughout the U.S. (White and Churchill, 1971).* Some 1,330 subjects weremeasured at four locations in the women's survey in 1976-77 (Churchill, E.et al., 1977).** Age, rank, and race of both samples are summarized in Table2 below. The marked difference in sample size between the two surveys (6,682vs. 1,330) may actually be fortuitous, as the number of women in the U.S. Armyis scheduled to be approximately 15 percent of the total -- a ratio whichclosely approximates the mix found in these tables.
*White, Robert M. and Edmund Churchill. 1971. The Body Size of Soldiers:U.S. Army Anthropometry-1966. Technical Report 72-51-CE, U.S. Army NatickLaboratories, Natick, Massachusetts. (AD 743 465)
**Churchill, Edmund, Thomas Churchill, John T. McConville and Robert M. White.1977. Anthropometry of Women of the U.S. Army--1977, Report No. 2 - TheBasic Univariate Statistics, Technical Report NATICK/TR-77/024, U.S. ArmyNatick Research and Development Command, Natick, Massachusetts. (AD A044 806)
16
TABLE 2
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES BYAGE, RANK AND RACE
No. of No. of % of % ofAge Women Men Women Men
50 and up 3 16 0.2 0.240-50 25 78 1.9 1.230-40 99 339 7.5 5.120-30 810 4,158 60.9 62.2Under 20 393 2,091 29.5 31.3
TOTAL 1,330 6,682 100.0 100.0
No. of No. of % of % ofRank Women Men Women Men
Officers 343 85 25.8 1.3Enlisted 987 6,596 74.2 98.7NA --- 1 ....
TOTAL 1,330 6,682 100.0 100.0
No. of No. of % of % ofRace Women Men Women Men
White 988 5,509 74.3 82.4Black 302 973 22.7 14.6Oriental 25 46 1.9 0.7Other -- 125 -- 1.9NA 15 29 1 0.4
TOTAL 1,330 6,682 100.0 100.0
The Bivariate Tables
Section I contains, on facing pages, a series of 41 comparable male andfemale bivariate tables displaying identical pairs of clothing-related vari-ables. Data were generated from the Army men's and women's surveys describedabove and measurement techniques were studied to assure that paired tables do,in fact, represent comparable dimensions.
Some half-dozen dimensions considered important in clothing design werefound to have been defined or measured differently in the two surveys. Theyinclude interscye back, neck circumference, vertical trunk circumference, waistback, waist circumference and waist height. Bivariate tables in which any ofthese variables appear are given in Section II for men and for women; they areusable individually but not comparable for combining purposes.
Section III contains a few bivariates which include dimensions measuredonly in one of the two surveys but not in the other, thus providing only men'sdata or only women's data for that particular measurement. These variables
17
include ankle height, crotch length, sleeve length, sleeve outseam, sphyrionheight, and waist front. They are included because they are considered suf-ficiently useful for specific purposes even if limited to one sex.
Section IV contains a series of double bivariates combining the datawhich appear as separate men's and women's tabulations in Section I. Thishas the effect of closely pairing men's and women's measurements into oneset of data for a more graphically visible presentation of the possibili-ties and problems involved in devising a combined sizing program for bothmen and women.
These combined bivariate tables differ from the single bivariates inthat we find two entries separated by a diagonal line in each of the bivar-iate cells. Referring to Table 143 (page 165) for example (crotch heightand hip circumference), we see the entry for the cell 39.0-40.0 inches forhip circumference and 30.0-31.0 inches for crotch height given as 47/37.The number of Army males who fall within this interval is 47 and the numberof females is 37. The male entry is always on the left of the diagonal andthe female entry is on the right. This placement is true for the row,column, and total summations as well.
Abbreviated descriptions of the measuring techniques used in obtainingthese data are given in the Appendix. Also appearing at the conclusion ofthe report is an index locating all the variables used in these bivariatetables.
18
SECTION I
Paired Male and Female Bivariates;
Dimensions Comparable
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APPENDIX
MEASUREMENT DESCRIPTIONS
ANKLE CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the minimum circumference of the ankle.
MEN: same.
ANKLE HEIGHT
WOMEN: the height of the level of minimumcircumference of the ankle.
MEN: not measured.
BICEPS CIRCUMFERENCE FLEXED
WOMEN: the-circumference of the arm at the levelof the maximum protrusion of the biceps,measured with the elbow flexed 90° , theupper arm horizontal and the fist tightlyclenched.
MEN: same.
BUST/CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the horizontal circumference of the trunk,measured with the tape passing over the
bra points.
MEN: the horizontal circumference of the trunk,measured with the tape passing overthe nipples.
CROTCH HEIGHT
WOMEN: the vertical distance from floor to mid-point of crotch.
MEN: same.
CROTCH LENGTH
WOMEN: the surface distance from the waistdirectly above buttock protrusion, overthe protrusion, and through the crotch towaist level in the midsaggital plane.
MEN: not measured.
197
FOOT BREADTH
WOMEN: the maximum breadth of the foot asmeasured at right angles to its long axis.
MEN: same.
FOOT CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the circumference of the foot measuredaround the distal ends of the protrusionsof the metatarsal bones (the widest partof the foot).
MEN: same.
FOOT LENGTH
WOMEN: the length of the foot measured parallelto its long axis.
MEN: same.
HAND BREADTH
WOMEN: the distance between the distal ends ofthe metacarpal bones.
MEN: same.
HAND CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the circumference measured around themetacarpal-phalangeal joints.
MEN: same.
HAND LENGTH
WOMEN: the distance from the wrist crease to thetip of the middle finger, measured paral-lel to the long axis of the hand.
MEN: same.
HEAD BREADTH
WOMEN: the maximum breadth of the head above thelevel of the ears.
MEN: same.
198
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the maximum circumference of the headmeasured above the brow ridges.
MEN: same.
HEAD LENGTH
WOMEN: the maximum length of the head measuredfrom the most protruding point between
the brow ridges to the back of thehead (occiput).
MEN: same.
HEEL BREADTH
WOMEN: the maximum breadth of the heel.
MEN: same.
HEEL-ANKLE CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the diagonal circumference of the footmeasured with the tape passing under thetip of the heel and over the instep atthe foot-leg junction.
MEN: same.
HIP BREADTH
WOMEN: the maximum horizontal breadth of thehips.
MEN: same.
HIP CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the maximum circumference of the hipsat the level of the maximum posteriorprotrusion of the buttocks.
MEN: same.
INSTEP CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the circumference of the foot at thelevel of the metatarsal-cuneiform jointmeasured perpendicular to the long axisof the foot.
MEN: same.
199
INSTEP LENGTH
WOMEN: the distance from the level of the heelto the point of maximum horizontalprotrusion of the foot, measured paral-lel to the long axis of the foot.
MEN: same.
INTERSCYE BACK
WOMEN: the surface distance across the backbetween points located midway betweenthe upper ends of the armpit creasesand the tips of the shoulders.
MEN: the surface distance across the backbetween the upper ends of the armpitcreases.
NECK CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the circumference of the base of the neck;this circumference is not in a planeperpendicular to the axis of the neck.
MEN: the circumference of the neck measured
just below the "Adam's Apple"; this cir-cumference is measured on a plane slightlyhigher and closer to the perpendicularwith regard to the neck axis than is thecorresponding women's measurement.
PALM LENGTH
WOMEN: the distance from the wrist crease tothe skin crease at the base of the thirdfinger measured parallel to the longaxis of the hand.
MEN: same.
SCYE CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the circumference of the scye (armhole)measured with the tape passing throughthe armpit and over the tip of the shoulder.
MEN: same.
200
SHOULDER .CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the horizontal circumference of theshoulders at the level of the greatestlateral protrusion of the deltoid muscles.
MEN: same.
SHOULDER LENGTH
WOMEN: the surface distance from the neck-shoulderjunction on the side of the neck to thetip of the shoulder.
MEN: same.
SLEEVE INSEAM
WOMEN: the distance from the front edge of thearmpit to the little finger side of thewrist measured with the arm held slightlyaway from the body, palm forward and thetape tense.
MEN: same.
SLEEVE LENGTH
WOMEN: not measured.
MEN: subject stands erect with his arms heldhorizontally and bent at the elbows, fistspressed together in front of him. Sleevelength is the horizontal distance alongthe outer surface of the right arm fromthe middle of the back, over the elbow,to the center of the bony prominence atthe outer edge of the wrist.
SLEEVE OUTSEAM
WOMEN: the distance from the tip of the shoulderto the thumb side of the wrist with thearm held slightly away from the body,palm forward and the tape tense.
MEN: not measured.
SPHYRION HEIGHT
WOMEN: the height of the most distal extensionof the tibia (the bottom of the anklebone) on the inside of the foot.
MEN: not measured.
201
STATURE
WOMEN: the vertical distance from floor to thetop of the head.
MEN: same.
UPPER THIGH CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the circumference of the leg measured atthe level of the lowest point of thegluteal furrow (point at which thebuttock meets the thigh).
MEN: same.
VERTICAL TRUNK CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the circumference of the torso measuredwith the tape passing through the crotch,over the protrusion of the buttock, themidshoulder point and the tip of the bra.The tape follows the contour of the body's
back but not its front below the bustpoint.
MEN: measured the same except that the tape
generally follows the contours of thebody's back and front.
WAIST BACK
WOMEN: the surface distance from the "natural"waist to the seventh cervical vertebra(approximately at the base of the neck).
MEN: the surface distance from the waist (at
the level of the navel) to the seventhcervical vertebra (approximately at thebase of the neck).
WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the horizontal circumference of thewaist at "natural" waist level.
MEN: the maximum horizontal circumference ofthe waist measured at the level ofthe navel.
WAIST FRONT
WOMEN: the surface distance from the"natural" waist to the neck-torso
junction on the front of the body.
MEN: not measured.
202
WAIST HEIGHT
WOMEN: the vertical distance from the floorto the "natural" waist level.
MEN: the vertical distance from the floor tothe upper edge of the right hip bone.
WEIGHT
WOMEN: the weight of the subject wearingunderwear.
MEN: same.
WRIST CIRCUMFERENCE
WOMEN: the circumference of the wrist at stylion(wrist bone on the thumb side of the hand).
MEN: same.
203
INDEXOF
BIVARIATE TABLES
PAGE NOS.
Variable Name Men Women Double
Ankle Circ with:Crotch Height 36 37 164
Waist Circumference 104 105 -
Ankle Height with:Foot Length - 144 -
Sphyrion Height - 145 -
Biceps Circumference with:
Bust/Chest Circumference 20 21 156
Bust/Chest Circumference with:
Biceps Circumference 20 21' 156
Hip Circumference 22 23 157
Interscye Back 106 107 -
Neck Circumference 108 109 -
Scye Circumference 24 25 158
Shoulder Circumference 26 27 159
Shoulder Length 28 29 160
Sleeve Inseam 30 31 161
Sleeve Length 146 - -
Sleeve Outseam - 147 -
Stature 86 87 189
Vertical Trunk Circ 110 11 -
Waist Back 112 113 -
Waist Circumference 114 115 -
Waist Front - 148 -
Weight 32 33 162
Wrist Circumference 34 35 163
Crotch Height with:Ankle Circumference 36 37 164
Hip Circumference 38 39 165
Stature 40 41 166
Upper Thigh Circ 42 43 167
Vertical Trunk Circ . 116 117 -
Waist Circumference 118 119 -
Waist Height 120 121 -
Crotch Length with:Waist Circumference 149 - -
Foot Breadth with:
Foot Circumference 44 45 168
Foot Length 48 49 170
Heel Breadth 46 47 169
265
INDEX (cont'd)
PAGE NOS.
Variable Name a Men Women Double
Foot Circumference with:Foot Breadth 44 45 168
Foot Length 50 51 171
Instep Circumference 78 79 185
Foot Length with:
Ankle Height - 144 -
Foot Breadth 48 49 170
Foot Circumference 50 51 171
Instep Length 52 53 172
Sphyrion Height - 151 -
Hand Breadth with:
Hand Circumference 58 59 175
Hand Length 54 55 173
Palm Length 56 57 174
Hand Circumference with:Hand Breadth 58 59 175
Hand Length 60 61 176
Palm Length 62 63 177
Hand Length with:
Hand Breadth 54 55 173
Hand Circumference 60 61 176
Palm Length 82 83 187
Head Breadth with:Head Circumference 64 65 178
Head Length 66 67 179
Head Circumference with:Head Breadth 64 65 178
Head Length 68 69 180
Head Length with:Head Breadth 66 67 179
Head Circumference 68 69 180
Heel-Ankle Circumference with:
Instep Circumference 80 81 186
Heel Breadth with:Foot Breadth 46 47 169
Hip Breadth with:Hip Circumference 70 71 181
Stature 88 89 190
Weight 72 73 182
206
INDEX (cont'd)
PAGE NOS.
Variable Name 1.. Men Women Double
Hip Circumference with:Bust/Chest Circumference 22 23 157
Crotch Height 38 39 165Hip Breadth 70 71 181Stature 90 91 191Upper Thigh Circumference 74 75 183
Waist Circumference 122 123 -
Weight 76 77 184
Instep Circumference with:Foot Circumference 78 79 185Heel-Ankle Circumference .. 80 81 186
Instep Length with:
Foot Length 52 53 172
Interscye Back with:Bust/Chest Circumference 106 107 -
Stature 124 125 -
Neck Circumference with:Bust/Chest Circumference 108 109 -
Sleeve Length 150 - -
Stature 126 127 -
Palm Length with:Hand Breadth', 56 57 174
Hand Circumference 62 -63 177Hand Length 82 83 187
Scye Circumference with:Bust/Chest Circumference 24 25 158
Shoulder Circumference with:Bust/Chest Circumference 26 27 159Stature 92 93 192Weight 84 . 85 188
Shoulder Length with:
Bust/Chest Circumference - 28 29 160
Sleeve Inseam with:Bust/Chest Circumference -30 31 161
Stature. 94 95 193
Sleeve Length with:Bust/Chest Circumference 146 -
Neck Circumference 150 - -
Stature , 152 - -
Sleeve Outseam with: -
Bust/Chest Circumference -- 147
Stature - 153 -
207
INDEX (cont'd)
PAGE NOS.
Variable Name Men Women Double
Sphyrion Height with:Ankle Height - 145 -
Foot Length - 151 -
Stature with:Bust/Chest Circumference 86 87 189Crotch Height 40 41 166Hip Breadth 88 89 190Hip Circumference 90 91 191Interscye Back 124 125 -
Neck Circumference 126 127 -
Shoulder Circumference 92 93 192Sleeve Inseam 94 95 193Sleeve Length 152 - -
Sleeve Outseam - 153 -
Upper Thigh Circ 96 97 194Vertical Trunk Circ 128 129 -
Waist Back 130 131 -
Waist Circumference 132 133 -
Waist Front - 154 -
Waist Height 134 135 -
Weight 98 99 195
Upper Thigh Circumference with:Crotch Height 42 43 167Hip Circumference 74 75 183Stature 96 97 194Waist Circumference 136 137 -Weight 100 101 196
Vertical Trunk Circumference with:Bust/Chest Circumference 110 11 -
Crotch Height 116 117 -
Stature 128 129 -
Waist Circumference 138 139 -
Waist Back with:Bust/Chest Circumference 112 113 -
Stature 130 131 -
Waist Circumference with:Ankle Circumference 104 105 -
Bust/Chest Circumference 114 115 -
Crotch Height 118 119 -
Crotch Length - 149 -
Hip Circumference 122 123 -Stature 132 133 -
Upper Thigh Circumference 136 137 -
Vertical Trunk Circ 138 139 -
Weight 140 141 -
208
INDEX (cont'd)
PAGE NOS.
Variable Name Men Women Double
Waist Front with:
Bust/Chest Circumference - 148 -
Stature - 154
Waist Height with:
Crotch Height 120 121 -
Stature 134 135 -
Weight with:Bust/Chest Circumference 32 33 162
Hip Breadth 72 73 182
Hip Circumference 76 77 184
Shoulder Circumference 84 85 188
Stature 98 99 195
Upper Thigh Circ 100 101 196
Waist Circumference 140 141 -
Wrist Circumference with:
Bust/Chest Circumference 34 35 163
209
