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SEEDLESS NON-VASCULAR PLANTSTHE BRYOPHYTESPacket #69
Chapter #29
Review Book pg #131
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THE BRYOPHYTESFeatures That Distinguish Bryophytes From Green Algae and Other Plants
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BRYOPHYTES
Bryophytes include the mosses, liverworts and hornworts
Seedless plants that disperse via haploid spores
Have several adaptations that green algae, a protist, lack. Cuticle Stomata Multi cellular
gametangia
Bryophytes Diversity Figure 29.9Page 582
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BRYOPHYTES II
Additionally, bryophytes are non-vascular plants. Non-vascular plants lack vascular tissue, xylem
and phloem, and limits them to moist environments a to small size
Bryophytes are the only plants with a dominant gametophyte generation. Most of the life cycle is spent in the gametophyte
generation. Sporophytes, when developed, remain
permanently attached and are nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.
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THE “EVOLUTION” CONNECTION
The evolution of bryophytes is based on fossil evidence of ancient plants and on structural and molecular evidence However, the fossil record is very incomplete Bryophytes may represent a side-line in
evolution Hornworts, a type of bryophyte, may be the most
ancient based on structural and molecular evidence
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BRYOPHYTESPhyla of Pryophytes
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PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES Bryophytes have been
distributed around the world from the tropics to the arctic.
They can exist in dry or cold habitats They can practically
desiccate Rehydrates following
rain events. One wetland moss,
Sphagnum, forms extensive deposits of peat.
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PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES
The mosses are colonial plants.
They have rhizoids that anchor the plant in the soil.
They lack true leaves, roots and stems
Alternation of generations is present.
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PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES
Some mosses have separate sexes; while others bear both archegonia (female) and antheridia (male) on the same plant
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PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES
Bryophytes have gametophytes that are green plants that grow from a filamentous protonema. The protonema is a
green filamentous growth that arises from spore germination and eventually gives rise to a mature gametophyte.
Found in liverworts and mosses
Steps 1 – 3Page 581
Figure 29.8Page 581
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PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES—REPRODUCTION I
Flagellated sperm are transported to the archegonia by splashing raindrops and swim to the archegonia where they fertilize the egg
Diploid zygote grows into a multicellular sporophyte
Diploid sporophyte, attached to the gametophyte (archegonia) , grows as it receives nutrition.
Step 4 - 7Page 581
Figure 29.8Page 581
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PHYLUM BRYOPHYTATHE MOSSES—REPRODUCTION II
The mature sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores
Spores are dispersed by wind.
Spore germinates. Grows into a protonema that forms a bud.
Protonema develops into the haploid gametophyte The dominant stage.
Step 8 Figure 29.8Page 581
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LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSSES
Gametophyte Sporangium
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LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSSES
Sporangium Mature Sporangium
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LIFE CYCLE OF THE MOSSES
Germination Gametophyte
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BRYOPHYTES—PHYLUM HEPATICOPHYTAThe Liverworts
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PHYLUM HEPATICOPHYTATHE LIVERWORTS
Have gametophytes that are leafy or flattened, lobelike thalli. The plant body is not
differentiated into roots, stems and leaves—similar to what is seen in some algae, fungi and similar simple plantlike organisms.
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PHYLUM HEPATICOPHYTATHE LIVERWORTS
Liverworts have a dominant gametophyte generation.
Reproduction is similar to that of the mosses.
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BRYOPHYTES—PHYLUM ANTHOCEROTOPHYTAThe Hornworts
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PHYLUM ANTHOCEROTOPHYTAHORNWORTS
Have thalloid gametophytes
Hornworts resemble liverworts but may not be closely related to them.
The sporophyte, that develops after fertilization, forms a “horn.”
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REVIEW
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REVIEW
Students List potential examination questions and/or here,
and on following slides, based on the packet.
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