Security Training Manual

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Black Belt Commandos Security System

Security Training Manual

SECURITY TRAINING MANUAL

#315, 5th Cross, 3rd Block HRBR Layout, Kalyan Nagar, Bangalore 560043


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY

2. ACCESS CONTROL

3. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS

4. ELECTRONIC ALARM SYSTEMS

5. EMERGENCY PLANNING

6. EMPLOYEE DISHONESTY

7. ETHICS

8. FIELD NOTES AND REPORT WRITING

9. FIRE PREVENTION AND DETECTION

10. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

11. INTERNAL THREATS TO AN ORGANIZATION

12. PATROLLING TECHNIQUES

13. SECURITY PLANNING

14. SAFETY AT WORK

15. SECURITY AND PROTECTION AWARENESS

16. INVESTIGATIONS

17. INDUSTRIAL SECURITY SURVEY

18. SURVEILLANCE

19. TERRORISM AND EXECUTIVE PROTECTION

20. TRAFFIC CONTROL

21. WORKPLACE VIOLENT BEHAVIOR



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22. CRIME SCENE PROCESS

23. COMPUTER SECURITY

24. FIRST AID AND SECURITY PERSONNEL

25. WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

26. INTERVIEWING PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES

27. RISK MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

28. STRIKES, EMPLOYEE UNREST AND LABOR RELATIONS

29.DRUG ABUSE

30. OBSERVATIONS TECHNIQUES

31. EXPLOSIVE DEVICES, BOMB THREATS, AND SEARCH

DEVICES

32. CROWD CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT

33. MANAGING OF DISRUPTIVE PERSONS

34. CRISIS INTERVENTION AND PLANNING

35. CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

36. DEFENCE TACTICS AND SAFETY OF SECURITY

PERSONNEL

37. APPREHENSION & DETENTION

38. TESTIFYING IN COURTROOM

(Note: Review/update of this manual shall be done for every six

months to keep the document dynamic & current.)



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INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY

DEFINITION OF SECURITY:A condition of being protected from harm, injury, danger, losses,criminals, threats, risks, etc.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:From the earliest times humans have recognized the need to protect

themselves, their family and their property. Like Forming small groups and living together.

Maintaining order.

Recognizing the threats

Raising armies and their deployment in territorial boundaries.Planning for security will be done by the following three steps:

Vulnerability analysis



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Countermeasures planning and implementation

Through test of its operation

Factors considered for security planning: Crimes and loss incidents

Social environment

Legal system

Loss prevention resources

ACCESS CONTROL

Access control is the ability to permit or denyAccess control programs are instituted to:

Permit or deny entry to or presence in a given place

Increase or reduce the rate or density of movement to, from, orwithin a defined place.

Protect persons, materials, and information from unauthorizedobservation or removal.

Prevent injury to people or damage to material.Identity of employees or visitors can be determined by human or acomputer:

Security guards

Card reader systems

Biometric readers

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EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS

Communication is process of conveying information from a sender toreceiver with the use of a medium in which the communicatedinformation is understood the same way by both sender and receiver.

There are three general types of communication equipment are usedwhich communicates the audio and visual information by use of wired,radio, and light as medium.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Encoding_communication.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/Communication_emisor.jpg


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ELECTRONIC ALARM SYSTEMS

A device which notifies designated people about the impending by wayof audible or visual signal.

Three general categories of devices are outlined based on what theyprotect:

Perimeter or point of entry

General area or room

Object

The following are the general sensor technologies used in alarmsystems:

Passive infrared

Glass break sensors

Electro mechanical Ultrasonic or microwave

Vibration or shock

Photoelectric

Audio

Capacitance



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EMERGENCY PLANNING

An emergency is a situation which poses immediate risk to health, life,property, and environment.Emergency planning will highlight the types of emergencies which theorganization likely to encounter and the emergency management teammay have to take counter measures or require them to consider inadvance for preventing or minimizing its adverse effects.

An emergency plan should accomplish the following:

Define the emergency

Organize a team with specific tasks to complete, before, during,and after an emergency.

Establish a method for using available resources

Provide means to restore normal operations from the emergencysituation.



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Planning priorities

Protect life

Prevent or minimize injuries

Reduce the exposure of assets

Optimize the loss control whose exposure cannot be reduced. Restore the normal operations as quickly as possible.

EMPLOYEE DISHONESTY

Employee dishonesty is one of the most dangerous and difficult task todetect and identify within any organization.Employee dishonesty starts at:

Accepting bribes

Involving conflicts of interests

Stealing from employers

Breach of fiduciary relationship

Etc.Employee dishonesty starts in any corporation when the followingthree elements are present:

Opportunityo Lack of controls like policies, procedures, and processes

o Inadequate of audits



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Pressureo Motivation

o Personal financial problems

o Drug abuse

o Etc.

Rationalizationo Environment in the corporation

o Present practices

ETHICS

Ethics are those rules of conduct by which all the security personnelregulate their conduct among themselves with all other persons withwhom they deal in their regular performance of duties.Security Personnel Shall:

Perform duties in accordance with the rules and regulations ofemployer/client and the law of the land of Govt. of India.

Observe honesty, integrity, truthfulness, and politeness whiledischarging their duties and responsibilities.

Safeguard the physical assets, information, etc., and exercisedue care to prevent it from damage and theft.

Protect the reputation of your employer and client.



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FIELD NOTES AND REPORT WRITING

It is remarkable how quickly how quickly human mind losses aconsiderable part of its ability to recall the details of events accuratelyhe observed in the past. Hence the field note is the invaluable tool inthe hands of investigator.An investigative report is the clear, comprehensive written documentof facts presented chronologically regarding a specific assignment andfrom which the events of the events of the investigation canreconstructed even after lapse of time.

A good report must be: In writing

Told in first person narrative

Objective

Factual

Chronological

Easily understood

Comprehensive

Withstand the test of time

No place for hypothesis or opinion

Patrolling:

Foot Patrolling

Mobile PatrollingWhy patrolling

Hazards will be identified and reported

Deficiencies in the protection program are highlighted

Check on existing protection program.

The field notes include:

Doors, windows, and other openings those are not secure.



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Suspicious persons, vehicles, or circumstances.

Disorder or unusual activity.

Hazardous conditions.

Any other special notices.

Report writing:Reports can be classified as follows:

Daily. Monthly, Quarterly and yearly reports.

Preliminary reports

Interim reports

Special reports

Final reportsCharacteristics of report writing

Accurate with relevant information

Timeliness of information

Concise

Relevant

FIRE PREVENTION AND DETECTION

Ingredients of fire:

Fuel Oxygen

Heat

Combustion

Causes of Fire

Accidental

Natural



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Arson -- criminal act

Fire detection systems working mechanisms: Smoke

Gas

HeatFire inspections help in:

Prevent fire

Compliance to fire regulations and codes

Detects impending dangers

Detects in malfunctioning of equipment

Highlights the areas which requires attention

Highlights the places where portable fire extinguishers arerequired.

Duties of fire inspectors should look for:

Adequate lighting in stairways and hallways

Emergency lighting

Accessibility of emergency exits

Availability of proper fire extinguishers

Usability of fire extinguishers

Posting of no smoking signs

Operational and properly placed exit signs

Rubbish accumulations and unsanitary conditions



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Obstructed sprinkler heads

Improper storage of hazardous material

Etc.

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

Any substance or material that poses an unreasonable risk to health,safety, and property of people, animals, and environment.How it is harmful to people?

Absorption

Inhalation

Ingestion Injection

INTERNAL THREATS TO AN ORGANIZATION

In any organization first internal threat starts for people. They are:

Acts of Commission

Thefts and pilferage

Vandalism



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Sabotage

Workplace violence

Arson

Bombing

Etc.

Acts of Omission

Violation of safety norms

Careless and reckless handling of operational and processmachinery

Routine maintenance of mechanical, electrical, and otherequipment.

Etc.

PATROLLING TECHNIQUES

1. Know your neighborhood

Familiarize with the area to be patrolledi. Boundaries and adjoining areas



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SECURITY PLANNING

1. Identification of assets, threats, risks, vulnerabilities as well assuch as operational issues, culture and cost.

2. Countermeasures are to be prepared to mitigate thevulnerabilities.

3. Implementation of selected countermeasures4. Ensuring that the effectiveness of countermeasures does not

deteriorate and that the solutions are adjusted to meet the everchanging needs of security.

SAFETY AT WORK

A Condition of being safe and protection by activities of environment.Safety can be ensured by regulating and controlling:

Human factors

Ergonomics

Stress at work

Diseases and conditions

First aid

Dangerous substances

Fire prevention Electrical safety

Construction and contractor activities

Etc.



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SECURITY AND PROTECTION AWARENESS

Security awareness is a state of mind when you are conscious of anexisting security program and its relevance to your behavior as well asthe effect of your behavior on reducing the security risks.Purpose of awareness:

Understanding the relationship between the security and

successful operations Know ones obligations under the security program

Perceive the connection between the security program objectivesand selected security measures.

Be familiar with the sources of help and procedures undersecurity program.

Compliance.Principles of training

I hear I forget

I see I remember

I do I never forget



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INVESTIGATIONS

An investigation is a process of gathering information which is notpublicly available and verify the truthfulness and accuracy ofinformation gathered or obtained.Types of investigations:

Criminal and non criminal investigations Covert or overt investigations

Reactive or proactive investigationsThe above investigations may fall into the following categories:

Incident investigations

Administrative enquiries

Background, financial, and lifestyle investigationsApproach to investigations can be done in:

Constructive way

Reconstructive way

The most important traits of investigators are; Observation skills

Communication skills

Trustworthiness

Persistence

Ability to deal effectively with people

Self-motivating and Self-starting

Ability to multitask

Professional demeanor

Flexibility

PatienceThe qualities of an investigation:

Objectivity

Thoroughness Checking all leads and checking key leads morethan once to ensure consistency

Relevancy information gathered should be the subject of theinvestigation

Accuracy



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Timeliness Ability to complete investigation on time.

Documentation of investigation:

Report writingo Initial report

o Progress report

o Special report

o Final report

Elements of the report:o Administrative information

o Summary

o Narrative

o Conclusion

o Enclosures

INDUSTRIAL SECURITY SURVEY

Security survey is a critical and onsite examination to ascertain

present security status

identify deficiencies or excesses

determine the protection needed

Prepare recommendations to improve overall security of theorganization.

Uses of security survey

Establishment of policies and procedures

Protect against the internal and external theft Develop access control procedures

Provide control over movement and identification of employees,visitors on company premises.

Review the selection, training, and deployment of securitypersonnel

Assists in establishment of emergency and disaster plans



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Identify the internal resources available and needed for theestablishment of security program

Etc.

SURVEILLANCE

Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior of people, objects, orprocesses for conformity to expected or desired norms or desirednorms for security and proper control.

Ways of conductingsurveillance properly:

Covert or overtsurveillance

CCTV connectedto recordingsystems andmonitoring

Wiretapping orbugging but with a warrant and legally

While doing surveillance, consider the following:

Always maintain a log of all the activities

Know the law of the land Maintenances of confidentiality, means release of information on

need to know basis

Cost of surveillance

Surveillance is the visual monitoring of a location or individual todetermine what activities or conduct is occurring.



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This visual monitoring is accompanied by a log, record of what isoccurring within the surveillance area.

This surveillance may be:

Stationary

Moving

Or combination of both.With an objective of detecting:

Commission of crime

Serious policy violation

Gathering intelligence

Preventing a crime

Etc.Surveillance can be done by:

Human eye

By means of electronic and mechanical hardware.

TERRORISM AND EXECUTIVE PROTECTION

TERRORISMEXECUTIVE PROTECTION

Executive protection is also called as VIP protection.Executive protection is service designed to protect

Guard entertainers Wealthy persons

Top executives of any business groups

Top government executives

Threatened political leaders

Leaders of Government

Any individual whose personal security is endangered



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Etc.Qualities of security personnel involved in VIP protection

Intelligence Prompt and quick reaction

Good observation skillsExecutive protection includes protection at:

Residence

Transit

Office and at other destination

TRAFFIC CONTROL

Identification of common space and private space

Identification of visitors, packages, and mail control

Sign in sheets and visitor passes are issued

Entrances to the complex: specific doors

Separate vehicle and truck entrances

Speed bumps, signs of access control, and parking lots

Designated parking for visitors, handicapped, employees, andtrucks

Use of CCTV to take pictures of violators of traffic.

WORKPLACE VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

Workplace violence is violence or threat of violence against worker. Itcan range from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults andhomicide.Warning Signs:

1. Threatening statements to kill/harm self or other

2. Violent, reckless, or anti-social behavior3. Drug abuse4. Serious stress in their life5. Confrontational, angry, easily provoked, unpredictable behavior6. Fascination for fire arms

Measures to be taken to prevent or reduce the workplace violence are:1. Provide safety education2. Provide secure working environment



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3. Develop policies and procedures to address workplace violence4. Encourage employees to report and record all incidents

5. Provide proper medical treatment after the incident6. Investigate all incidents of threats

CRIME SCENE PROCESS

What constitutes crime scene?

Crime is the area where crime has been committed, theimmediate area surrounding the scene.

A crime scene can be extended from the actual area in which thecrime has occurred to any area where the suspect flees to orleaves the evidence.

Area where the evidence has been foundDuties of security personnel at the crime scene:

Five first-aid to the victim if there is an injury

Protection crime scene to preserve the integrity of evidence andprevent it from contamination.

Shall not allow any individual to enter into the crime scene

Notifying the supervisor about the incident

Vehicle shall be allowed to parked away from the scene of crime

Document all the actions taken observations made at crimescene

Media shall not be allowed to cross the boundaries of crime

scene Photographing the crime scene for further investigations

Do not unnecessarily touch anything

Get names of all present at the scene



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COMPUTER SECURITY

Use of computers in present world for the processing and storage of

information has become inevitable for its ease of access, storage,modify, copying, retrieving, etc. Since the information is the lifebloodof any business security of computers, equipment and its storagemedia requires attention.Potential threats for computer:

Acts of human error or failure

Compromises to information security

Deliberate acts of software attacks

Deliberate acts of sabotage or vandalism

Deliberate acts of theft

Technical and hardware failure Forces of nature

Best practices of computer security:

Physical security measures

Software controls

Hardware controls

Legal controls



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Procedural controls

Etc.

FIRST AID AND SECURITY PERSONNEL

First aid is an initial or preliminary care given to an injured or sickperson until professional treatment is accessed.First aid is an important and useful skill. Timely First aid can result in:

Preservation life

Prevention or mitigation of disability

Helps in recovery

Promotion of safety awareness

Identifying the safety concerns

Assistance in early rehabilitation



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Basic principles of first aid: Use of an adhesive bandage

Applying direct pressure on bleed

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation



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Artificial respiration

Snake bite and first aid.

WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

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Any weapon, explosive, incendiary device designed and manufacturedto cause death, bodily injury through the release of toxic or poisonous

chemicals, decease organism, radiation, at a level dangerous to humanlife and environment.

Examples of weapons of mass destruction:1. Nuclear weapons2. Chemical weapons3. Biological pathogens4. Toxic chemicals5. Biological toxins6. Radioisotopes.



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INTERVIEWING PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES

Interviewing is the conversation or questioning by an investigator witha witness or a suspect who has or believed to have informationrelevant to the subject matter of investigation.Key reasons for conducting interview:

To gather information to establish the facts

To verify information received from other sources

To identify additional witnesses

To identify persons responsible for the events or incidents

To secure additional evidence

To develop background information on the specifics of the eventor offence

To eliminate suspects

To discover details of other offencesTechniques of interviewing:

Establish a good rapport

Maintain a eye contact

Do not jump to conclusions

Listen attentively

Be perceptive about every movement

As open ended questions that cant be answered with yes or no

Use silence to solicit a response to an interview

Have interviewee offer chronology of events

Test the veracity of interviewees responses by asking questionswhich you know answers

Discuss the seriousness or gravity of the incident

Request the interviewee to repeat his/her version of the events.

When appropriate, confront interviewee with information thatyou have gathered

Maintain control.Stages of Interview:

Approach: Starts with Greeting Warm up: Establishing rapport

Start: Actual interview asking the witness or suspect to telleverything.

Direct Questioning: to clarify or reconcile inconsistencies andother queries



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Ending: Completing the interviewing by summarizing andexpressing sincere gratitude.

RISK MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

Operational risk is the potential losses associated with operations orwork. These risks and losses or vary from business to business, placeto place, etc. The countermeasures are to be devised as perappropriateness and risk indicators.

These losses may cause from: Internal Causes

o People

o Processes

o Systems

External causesThe management of these risks is based on following tow basic factors:

Frequency of occurrence

Impact on business The processes of management of risks are divided into following

categories: Risk identification

Risk assessment

Risk treatmento Risk avoidance

o Risk mitigation

o Risk sharing and transfer

o Risk acceptance

Risk monitoring



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STRIKES, EMPLOYEE UNREST AND LABOR RELATIONS

Strike is concerted refusal by employees to continue working, in anattempt to force an employer to meet certain demands.Types of strikes:

Economic strike: dispute over wages and working conditions

Unfair labor practices strike: contention over unfair laborpractices on the part of the employer

Potential Dangers:

Violence

Damage

Handling of strikes: Pre strike planning

Strike operations

Post strike analysis and EvaluationLockout is a work stoppage in which an employer prevents employeesfrom working.Reason for lockout:

Financial losses

Inability of employer to continue the business

Prolonged refusal by employees to continue working byparticipating in strike and related activities.



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ABUSE

Drug is substance by its chemical nature alters the structure orfunction of a living organism. Drug is any chemical substance thatalters mood, perception or consciousness. If this drug is used for otherthan designated purposes will lead to apparent injury of self or society.

Common Signs of drug abuse:

Changes in attendance and discipline

Changes in normal capabilities-work habits, efficiency, etc.

Poor physical appearance

Wearing sunglasses at inappropriate times to hide dilated orconstricted pupils

Constantly wearing long-sleeve shirts to hide needle marks

Associating with known drug users

Stealing

Constant running nose or sniffing

Etc.Types of Drugs:

Narcotics Natural and synthetic opiates

Depressants induce sleep, relieve stress and allay anxiety

Sedatives - induce sleep, relieve stress and allay anxiety

Stimulants reverse the effects of mental and physical fatigue

Hallucinogens creates dream images and hallucinations.Prevention of drug abuse at workplace:

Having a written down policy

Awareness programs

Drug screening

Investigations reports of drug abuse



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EXPLOSIVE DEVICES, BOMB THREATS, AND SEARCH DEVICES

An explosive is a material that produces sudden expansion of materialusually accompanied by the production heat, pressure, and noise uponinitiation.

Explosives can be categorized as: Low Explosives

High ExplosivesLow Explosives:Low explosive usually is a mixture of combustion material. Theexamples of low explosives normally are:

Gun powder

Yellow phosphorous

Mixture of Aluminum chloride andiron oxide

Potassium permanganate and glycerin

Potassium chlorate and sugar ignited by sulfuric acid Pyrotechniques

Illumination devices

Etc.High Explosives:

High explosives are normally employed in mining, demolition, andmilitary warheads. These explosives are divided as follows:



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Primary explosives

These explosive are extremely sensitive to mechanical shock,friction, and heat, to which they will respond by burning rapidly ordetonation.

Secondary explosives

These explosives are relatively insensitive to shock, friction, andheat. They require a booster to cause an explosion. Examples ofhigh explosives are:

o Dynamiteo TNT

o RDX

o PETN

o HMX

o Picric acid

o Gun cotton

o Fulminates

Tertiary explosives

Explosive devices:The mechanisms for explosive devices are of two types:

Standard Mechanism used by military operations personnel forwar purposes

Improvised Mechanism used by insurgents, terrorists, antisocialelements for the purpose of disturbance of peace process,personal gain, etc.

IED: Stands for Improvised Explosive DeviceComponents of IED:

1. Switch

2. Main explosive3. Battery

Detection Equipment:

1. Ion mobility spectrometry



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8. Etc.Preparations for crowd control issues:

1. Compartmentalization of the area2. Vehicle parking3. Fire brigade4. Safety and Ambulance services5. Sufficient no. of security personnel6. Screening at entrances and emergency exits7. Sign boards8. Protection of VIPs, executives, etc.9. Etc.

MANAGING OF DISRUPTIVE PERSONS

Handling of disruptive behavior quires training, awareness andexperience on such incidents.Causes of disruptive behavior of employees at workplace:

1. Domestic and family issues carried to work spot2. Drug abuse3. Economical problems4. Work environment5. Religious, cultural, psychological issues



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6. Absence of appropriate policies, code of conduct, and ethics.7. Etc.

Planning for prevention and handling of disruptive persons1. Having clear policy on employee acceptable behavior, code of

conduct, ethics, etc.2. pre hire employee background screening3. Employee assistance programs4. Initiating investigations and taking appropriate disciplinary

actions5. Behavioral monitoring of employees by their supervisors6. Proper reporting system of incidents7. Training of security personnel in handling of disruptive persons

8. Safety of other employees9. Security screening at entrances and other protection measures,

etc.

CRISIS INTERVENTION AND PLANNING

Crisis means any kind of emergency which stops and obstructs work &operations of your employer and the client.



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This crisis may be of two types:1. Natural

2. Human induced Intentional3. Human induced accidental

Planning for crisis can be done in three ways:1. Pre-event

All measures of detection, prevention, and protection ofassets.

If natural emergencies measures to optimize the losscontrol

2. During

Prevention of life

Attending the injured

Crowd control

Safe evacuation

Providing easy access to emergency vehicles

Protection of property from damage etc.3. After

Restoration of normalcy

Aids in investigations

Etc.

CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

Crime prevention through environmental design is a concept ofplanning and designing area and built environment to reducethe incidence and fear of crime by implementing the followingfour concepts from planning stage to building constructionstage. The concepts are:

1. Natural Surveillance allowing movements of outsiders andintruders easily observable without any obstructions.

2. Territorial Reinforcement developing a sense of territorialcontrol by separating the private and public spaces, constructionof fences, gateway procedures, etc.

3. Natural Access Control Creating perception risk, easy detection,High probability of being caught, etc.

4. Target Hardening installation of protection systems againstpossible intrusions by adversaries.



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DEFENCE TACTICS AND SAFETY OF SECURITY PERSONNEL

Security personnel are at times may confront with people who act anduse aggressive tactics to accomplish their mission and achieve theirobjective. The following incidents where security personnel can use thedefense tactics:

1. Conflict resolution2. Obstruction of aggressive person from injuring co-employees and

damaging the property.3. Apprehension and detention of criminals4. Weaponry awareness

5. Etc.The use of defense tactics requires the knowledge of local law section& clauses which address rights of private defense and exceptions.Defense tactics are:

1. Awareness of surroundings and recognition of harmful situations2. Reduce the chances of incidence3. Avoid the potentially harmful situation4. Self defense techniques5. Do not risk personal safety6. Neutralizing the adversary7. Etc.

APPREHENSION & DETENTION

Security may come across a situation where they have to apprehendand detain criminals till the arrival of local police.This requires knowledge on local law which addresses it and the duties,responsibilities of citizens and security personnel under suchcircumstances.The main points to be remembered while apprehending and detainingany suspect are:

1. Shall not use excessive physical force2. Use of physical force ceases immediately persons under

suspicion surrenders or on neutralizing.



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TESTIFYING IN COURTROOM

At times security personnel will be called to court to depose witnessstatement in front of magistrates and judges.The following steps to be followed and points to be remembered while

attending the court.1. Go through the case file and refresh your knowledge on case.2. Attire of security personnel should be professional3. Do not talk with any defense lawyers and witnesses4. Answer to the questions. Do not answer more than what you

hare asked for.5. Should be attentive and polite in courtroom while answering the

questions.6. Be watchful of bribery tactics7. Etc.

Documents

Security Training Manual