SAFETY (SECURITY)

TRAINING COURSE

WCS

Safety, comfort & welfare

• Fire Alarm/exits• Toilets• Smoking• Drinks• Breaks• Questions• Examinations

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OUTLINES:

> Private Security Industry

> Communication and Customer Care

> Health & Safety

> Fire Safety

> Emergency Procedures

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The Private Security Industry

UNIT 1

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Security

“a state or feeling of being safe and secure”

The Private Security Industry

“provides manned and technical protection to premises, people and their property”

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Security is provided in three ways

Manned Security

Physical Security

Systems

1

2

3

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Where one or more security operatives work on a site providing both a deterrent against crime and an immediate response to incidents as they occur.

Manned Security1

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Physical deterrents such as locks, alarms, barriers and grills help to reduce crime.

Physical Security2

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Electronic and other technical systems to monitor premises for crime and other dangers, such as intruder alarms, fire detection systems and closed circuit television (CCTV) systems.

Systems3

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Security Operative

Door supervisors Security officers Cash and valuables

in transit operatives CCTV operators Close protection operatives Vehicle immobilisers

Any person paid or used to provide any form of manned security to a client or premises

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Door Supervisors

A Door Supervisor carries out security duties in or at licensed premises, like pubs and nightclubs, preventing crime and disorder and keeping staff and customers safe.

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Security Officers (guarding) A Security Officer guards premises against

unauthorised access or occupation, or against outbreaks of disorder or against damage.

They also guard property against being stolen, against damage or against otherwise being dishonestly taken or obtained

They may also guard one or more individuals against assault or against injuries that might be suffered in consequence of the unlawful conduct of others

This includes providing a physical presence, or carrying out a form of patrol or surveillance to deter crime.

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Key holding is where a security officer keeps custody of, or controls access to, any key or similar device for operating (whether mechanically, electronically or otherwise) any lock.

Security Officers (key holding)

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Cash and valuables in transit operatives

Cash and valuables in transit operations refer to guarding property against destruction or theft whilst using secure transportation of the property in specially manufactured vehicles.

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CCTV operators

CCTV operators carry out guarding activities using closed circuit television equipment, to either monitor the activities of members of the public in a public or private place, or to identify a particular person. This includes the use of CCTV to record images to be viewed on non-CCTV equipment

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Close protection operatives

Close Protection is guarding one or more individuals against assaults or injuries that might be suffered in consequence of the unlawful conduct of others.

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Vehicle immobilisers

Vehicle immobilisers are security operatives who either move vehicles, restrict the movement of vehicles using a device, or release vehicles after demanding or collecting a charge.

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The qualities of a security operative

It is very important that security operatives appear professional at all times

Clients and members of the public expect security staff to act in a certain way.

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What qualities should a security operative possess?

Professional

Honest

Fair

Reliable

Dedicated

Alert

Helpful

Approachable

TactfulSelf-disciplined

Cooperative

Patient

Loyal

Positive

Effectivecommunicators

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Career opportunities within the private security industry

Over half a million people Contributing over £6 billion

per year to the UK economy

One of the few growing industries

Operatives are usually employed by security companies, who supply staff under contract

Some are in-house (working directly for the client).

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Career path within a security company

Depending on the size of the security company, progression can include any of the following positions:

Owner

Security operative

Supervisor

Team leader

Area manager

Regional manager

Director

Other support roles within these companies include trainers, assessors, account managers and a variety of specialist roles

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The key bodies

Security companies and individual security operatives work with a number of other ‘key bodies’ in their efforts to protect clients and prevent crime

These bodies fulfil different functions, but all play a role in the provision of general security.

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The Police

Security operatives should work closely with the police service as they are considered to be part of the wider police family.

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Licensing

“Ensures that private security operatives are fit and proper persons who are properly trained and qualified to do their job”

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Communication Skills and

Customer Care

UNIT 2

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Basic elements of effective communication

Security operatives regularly come into contact with members of the public during the course of their duties

They also regularly interact with other members of staff and people from other organisationsEffective communicationis vital

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How we communicate

SENDER

ENCODES THOUGHTS

SENDER SENDS

RECEIVER RECEIVES

RECEIVER DECODES

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Different types of communication

VerbalNon-verbal

Written

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Verbal communication

The words we use are obviously important, but so is the tone in which we use those words. It’s not just what we say, but how we say it that counts.

“when we interact with another person using words and tone to convey our message”

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Non-verbal communication

“is everything else that we do when we communicate with another person on a face-to-face basis”

How we stand, what we are wearing, how close we are to the other person, eye contact, how we use our hands, other body gestures – these all help us to convey our message.

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Written communication

Within the workplace we will also be conveying messages using written communication, in the form of reports, letters and e-mails.

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The importance of communication

Effective communication helps us to: Get the job done Create a good impression

of ourselves Create a good impression

for the organisation Reduce incidents of conflict,

aggression or violence

…in the workplace

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The importance of communication

Communication skills play an important role in how we interact with our colleagues, supervisors and managers

Treat all members of staff with courtesy and respect, and expect to be treated in the same way

Good communication with ourcolleagues is essential

…in a team

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The different types of customer

Every single person you come into contact withis a customer

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Internal customers

These include: Work colleagues Supervisors Managers Plus anyone working for any

other company or organisation on the site

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External customers

These include: Visitors to the site Workmen Delivery drivers The emergency services Neighbours Members of the public.

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Diverse customer needsKeep in mind that all customers: are individuals have differing needs and expectations may be from different culture, religions & age

groups

Personal values are formed as you grow up and are affected by:

Birthplace Where you live Upbringing

‣ Friends

‣ Family

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Security Operatives needto take into account other people’s values, and try to choose the most appropriate and effective way of dealing with them

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How differently would you treat these customers?CQ

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Customer care One of our main roles as

a security operative is looking after people

How we treat people when we deal with them is very important

Customer care is all about how we deliver our service, how we provide security to our customers on a day-to-day basis.

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Good customer care Be professional with every customer Be approachable Concern yourself with the customer’s

needs Treat customers as you would wish to

be treated yourself Go out of your way to help customers Leave customers pleased with how you

have dealt with them

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Poor customer care Using poor communication skills Showing a lack of commitment Expressing a lack of concern Not listening to the customer Making jokes or being rude Ignoring or failing to

acknowledge the customer Appearing bored or impatient Failing to do what you have

promised.

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Effective communication skills and customer care

Communicating effectively is an important part of delivering customer care

Speak to customers in a way that is appropriate to them, shows professionalism and gets the job done.

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First impressions count. Be smartly attired, polite and willing to assist

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Dealing with customers

Make a good first impression Acknowledge them straight away Be polite Show that you want to help them Find out how you can assist them Decide on the best course of action Use their name if you know it Make appropriate eye contact Use clear speech.

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To leave the customer feeling that they have been dealt with professionally, correctly and personally.

What is the aim when dealing with a customer?CQ

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Health & Safety for the Private

Security Operative

UNIT 3

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Health & Safety

Every year thousands of people have time off work due to injuries that could have been avoided if Health & Safety procedures were better.

Health & Safety procedures are there to keep us all safe.

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Responsibilities of employers

Carry out a risk assessment Do what they can to remove or reduce those

risks Provide safety equipment Ensure safe working practices Provide relevant instruction and training Provide suitable personal protective clothing

or equipmentThere may be a written Health & Safety policy, or even a safety committee

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Responsibilities of employees

Take reasonable care of their own Health & Safety

Don’t do anything unsafe Follow the organisation’s

Health & Safety policy Obey all safety instructions Use protective equipment properly Follow the organisation’s/site’s

emergency procedures.

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Hazards

Good Health & Safety practices helpreduce hazards & risks.

“… anything that has the potential to cause harm.”

“… the chance that harm could happen in certain circumstances.”

A hazard is A risk is

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Risk Assessment

Good health and safety practices are all about reducing hazards and risks

“The identification of hazards, the calculationof risk and the reduction of that risk, either completely or to an acceptable level.”

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Five steps to risk assessment

REVIEW AND REVISE AS NECESSARY

IDENTIFY HAZARDS

IDENTIFY THOSE WHO MAY BE HARMED

EVALUATE RISK BY CONSIDERING EXISTING PRECAUTIONS

RECORD THE FINDINGS

PRINCIPLES OF RISK ASSESSMENT

1

2

3

4

5

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Hierarchy of control

Can the hazard be eliminated?

Can the cause be substituted by something with a reduced risk?

Can the hazard be enclosed in some way?

Can the hazard be isolated?

Would ventilation reduce the risk?

Could the amount of exposure time be reduced?

Would additional training reduce the risk?

Would PPE help?

Would first aid facilities help?

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The workplace

Slips, trips and falls Injuries from poor lifting and carrying techniques Misuses or abuse of machinery Sharp objects like needles and knives Violence and assaults Diseases Hazardous chemicals Noise pollution Moving vehicles Locked or blocked fire exits Overcrowding Fires, floods and other emergencies The elements.

Typical risks and hazards foundin the workplace

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Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Waterproof clothing High-visibility clothing Headwear Gloves (needle-proof/slash-proof) Rubber gloves and face shields Stab-resistant vests Metal detectors (searching) Ear defenders Eye protection Safety boots Radios and mobile phones Torches.

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Other dangers

Blood Body fluids Sharps/needles

An empty bottle makes an excellent improvised sharps box.

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Other dangers

Manual handling Unsafe loads Physical lifting, pushing, pulling

Can cause:

Fractures

Spinal disc injuries

Trapped nerves

Burns

Hernias.

Damage to muscles

Damaged ligaments & tendons

Abrasions and cuts

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Safe manual handling

Load Individual Task

If it is too heavy, can it be lightened or split? If it is unstable, can handles be fitted or the load be reapportioned?

Environment

Consider the capability of the person. Are they strong/fit enough? Are they adequately trained for the task?

Does the task involve stretching, twisting or bending? Can machinery be used or can team handling be used?

Where the task takes place. Is the floor slippery or uneven? Can the layout or floor condition be improved?

L I T E

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Safe lifting technique Stop and think Position the feet Bend the knees Get a firm grip Keep a straight back Raise the load with the legs Keep the load close to the body

The easiest way is not always the safest!

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Safety signs

All workplaces have safety signs and by understanding their meaning, it helps security personnel to keep themselves, their colleagues and their customers safe

They are colour-coded and have specific shapes according to their meaning.

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Signs – Prohibition Signs

This sign is used to tell people they must not do something.

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Signs – Warning Signs

This is used to warn people.

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Signs – Mandatory Signs

This sign is used to tellpeople they must do something.

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Signs – Fire Equipment Signs

These signs inform people of fire equipment.

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Hazardoussubstance

These signs warn you about dangerous chemicals

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First Aid

“The assistance or treatment given to a casualty for any injury or sudden illness, before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor or other qualified person.”

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The main aims of First Aid are to:

preserve life prevent the condition from worsening promote recovery obtain qualified assistance.

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Employers MUST provide:

suitable first aid facilities for employees and customers

first aid equipment first aid training.

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First Aid action

Ensure your own safety Assess the situation Control the situation Diagnose the situation Save life (treatment) Obtain assistance.

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First Aid prioritiesDanger Make sure the area is safe before you approach

Response Check to see if the casualty responds to verbal command or a pain stimulus (shake of

the shoulders) Shout for help

Airway Open the airway by tilting the head back

and lifting the chin with two fingers

Breathing Look, listen and feel for normal breathing for up to ten seconds

Bleeding Check for major bleeding and treat accordingly

Shock Keep a lookout for signs of shockand treat accordingly.

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Your responsibilities

Know your workplace’s policy for providing first aid

Know what you are expected to do in a medical emergency

Know who the qualified first aider is Know where the first aid

equipment/room is You may be required to undergo

training.

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First Aid kits must be:

waterproof airtight green with a white cross adequately stocked replenished.

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Call an ambulance

‘to speak to the emergency services

operator

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What should you tell the operator?

Which service you require The telephone number you are calling from

(in case you are cut off or for a call back) Your exact location

(address) Type of incident Number of casualties Extent of the injuries Any other dangers or hazards

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CQ

Reporting procedures

Following an incident (medical or otherwise): record details of the incident use the accident book may be required for insurance/investigations

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Serious accidents/injuries

Security operatives dealing with seriousaccidents/injuries must ensure that: proper first aid is provided a supervisor/manager is informed the Health & Safety Officer receives

correct information that the accident book is filled

in correctly

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Fire Safety Awareness

UNIT 4

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Fires can:

disrupt business cause millions of pounds

worth of damage cause serious injuries kill staff and customers

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Security operatives need to:

be aware of the dangers of fire

understand basic fire prevention methods

know what to do on discovering a fire

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Fire Triangle

Oxygen

Heat

Fuel

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How fire spreads

Radiation Convection

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How fire spreads

Conduction Direct burn

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Basic fire prevention measures

Be mindful of fire safety generally Ensure that all non-essential

electrical equipment is switched off Ensure that electrical wiring, plugs

and sockets are sound, correctly fused and not overloaded

Ensure that cables and wires do not run under carpets or where they can be trapped under furniture and overheat.

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Basic fire prevention measures

Report faulty electrical equipment immediately

Ensure electrical equipment is tested regularly

Keep electrical equipment away from sources of heat

Remove waste regularly Keep combustible

materials to a minimum

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Fire prevention

Security operatives can prevent fires occurring by implementing basic fire prevention measures.

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Security operatives (as employees) must:

take care of their own health & safety

take care of the safety of others

cooperate with employers in relation to fire safety

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Solid fuels - paper, wood, plastic, fabric, etc

Flammable liquids - petrol, meths, thinners, etc

Flammable gases - methane, hydrogen, etc

Metals - potassium, sodium, magnesium, etc

Fires involving electricity

Cooking oils and fats.

Fire classification

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Firefighting equipment

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Fire Extinguishers - Water

Red body Suitable for use on Class A

fires, wood and paper, etc Not suitable for

combustible liquids, cooking fats, etc

Not safe to use on fires involving electricity

Extinguishes by cooling Remove pin, squeeze

trigger and aim at the base of the fire.

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Fire Extinguishers - Carbon Dioxide

Red body with black label Best on Class B fires Safe to use on electrical

fires Extinguishes by reducing

oxygen levels and cooling Not to be used in confined

areas - can cause asphyxiation

Remove pin, squeeze trigger and aim.

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Fire Extinguishers - Foam

Red body with cream label Suitable for Class A and B

fires Not suitable for electrical

fires Extinguishes by cooling and

sealing the surface of a burning liquid

Remove pin, squeeze trigger and aim (not directly at the fire as the foam may cause the liquid to spread.)

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Fire Extinguishers - Powder Red body with blue label Best on Class B fires but

safe to use on any type of fire

Extinguishes by chemically interfering with the combustion

Do not use in a confined area due to inhalation

Remove pin, squeeze trigger and aim at the edge of the fire.

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Fire Extinguishers - Wet Chemical

Red body with a yellow label Specifically designed for use

on cooking oil/fat fires Can be used on Class A fires Extinguishes by smothering

and cooling (a fine nozzle creates a mist spray which reacts with the oil/fat)

Do not use on electrical fires Remove pin, squeeze

trigger and aim.

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Fire Extinguishers - Blanket

Label is usually red or white For use on any type of fire

but best on small contained Class B fires

Extinguishes by smothering Normally used in kitchens When using, wrap some of

the blanket around hands and raise up to protect face. Place over pan and leave in place. (One use only).

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Fire Extinguishers – Fire Hose

Water Suitable for use on Class A

fires, wood and paper, etc Not suitable for combustible

liquids, cooking fats, etc or on fires involving electricity

Extinguishes by cooling Some hoses activate

automatically when unreeled, if not, turn on the water supply.

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Which type of Fire Extinguisher to use?CQ

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What you must know!

Fire alarm procedures Fire evacuation

procedures How to raise the alarm The location of fire exits Location and types of

fire fighting equipment How to use the

equipment.

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Fighting a fire (only if it is safe to do so)

The alarm has been raised (call points should be located on emergency escape routes)

The emergency services have been contacted The fire is not spreading and is confined You have a clear escape route, not threatened

by fire You have selected the correct extinguisher You have been trained to use an extinguisher.

Only attempt to fight the fire if:

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Do not fight a fire if:

It is bigger than a wastepaper bin size

You need more than one extinguisher

The room is filling with smoke

Gas cylinders or chemicals are involved

Your efforts are not reducing the size of the fire

IF IN DOUBT, GET OUT!

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Operating Fire Extinguishers

Select the correct extinguisher

Pull the pin to break the seal

Holding the extinguisher upright, squeeze the trigger

Test the range and content(away from the fire)

Then aim at the fireusing a side-to-sidesweeping motion.

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Fire safety checks

Fire exits are not locked or chained

Fire exits are clear inside and out

Fire extinguishers are in correct place and ready for use

Occupancy figures are not exceeded.

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Fire doors and fire exits

prevent or

reduce the spread of smoke

and flames between rooms

unless they

can

be closed electronically if fire

alarm activates.

Internal fire doors

Keep them closed

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Fire doors and fire exits

are a vital means

of escape during a fire or

other emergency

marked,

unlocked and unblocked

– inside and out.

Fire exits

They must be

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Internal/external doors

In an emergency, fire doors (shown in brown)slow down the progress of fire and smoke whereas fire exits (shown in green)allow people to safely exit the building.

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The problem of inward opening doors

Outward opening doors allow a safe exit from a venue

Inward opening fire doors are only allowed for small rooms

Unless electronically controlled all fire doors should be kept closed.

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Internal fire doors

Fire DoorsCLOSED

Fire DoorsOPEN.

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Fire exits

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Evacuation is

“The swift and safe removal of people or property from an endangered area.”

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Fire evacuation procedures

Security operative must ensure that customers and staff are evacuated quickly and safely

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Which exit?

Evacuation method 1 The most urgent

evacuation requiring customers to leave using all available fire exits

Evacuation method 2 If the evacuation is less

urgent (e.g. cancellation of entertainment) customers could be allowed to exit using just one door.

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Safe exit

Ensure that customers and staff leave the building via the safest exit

Be ready to assist vulnerable people:◦ children◦ elderly◦ physical or mental difficulties◦ language difficulties◦ drunk/drugged

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Customer behaviour

Panic, anxiety, etc can cause people to not understand the danger

May not know where the exits are

Think it may be a drill.

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Evacuation

Discover emergency Inform staff Inform customers Direct customers to nearest/safest exit Check premises are empty Ensure clear access for emergency services Assist emergency services as required.

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Evacuation procedures

P

P

P

P

P

lanning and

reparation

revents

oor

erformance

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Fire safety summary

Be Fire Safety conscious

Know your Fire Emergency procedures

Know your Fire Assembly Point

Know where firefighting equipment is kept, and how to use it

Report any Fire Hazards.

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Emergency Procedures

UNIT 5

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What is an emergency?

“An emergency is any unplanned incident that is so serious that it must be dealt with immediately”

CQ

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Types of emergency & action to be taken

Fire Flood Power cut Gas leak or explosion Chemical spillage Traffic accident Fight/assault First aid incident

Serious crimes Bomb threat Suspicious package

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Priorities

eople first

roperty second

P

P

The preservation of life is the first priority, followed by the protection of property

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Emergency procedures

Fires, floods, power cuts, gas leaks, chemical spillages…

Activate alarm Evacuate the

site/premises Call for the emergency

services

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Gas leaks

Ensure no-one smokes No lights/appliances to be switched on Open doors and windows Turn gas off at the mains

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Road traffic accident

Usually dealt with by the police An ambulance may also be required if

serious injuries are sustained

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Violence

May be dealt with by removing the instigators from the site/premises, by calling the police or by making arrests if serious injuries are sustained

First aid may also be required.

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First aid incidents

Staff or visitors/customers who are injured or become ill, should be dealt with by a trained first aider

In serious incidents an ambulance should be called

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Serious crimes

If they occur on site/workplace, they would normally be dealt with by calling the police

Containing any suspects and crime scene preservation must also be considered.

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Bomb threats

Bomb threats and suspicious packages must be dealt with seriously, by:◦ Raising the alarm◦ Evacuating staff and visitors/

customers via the quickest and safest exit

◦ Calling the police

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Terrorism“The use of violence, threats and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims”

It is used to create a climate of fear within a population, with the intent of bringing about a particular change

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Terrorist groups

They may target one particular organisation/nation/people for a specific reasonor may be more indiscriminate

in their targeting

International Domesticor

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Be aware of:

what is currently happening around the world and in your particular area

any recent terrorist attacks or threats the location of your own site/premises in

relation to other possible targets nearby whether the site/premises itself is

famous or important in its own right the vulnerability of the site/premises to

attack the current level of threat nationally.

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Threat level definitions

LOW

MODERATE

SUBSTANTIAL

SEVERE

CRITICAL

An attack is unlikely

An attack is possible but not likely

An attack is a strong possibility

An attack is highly likely

An attack is expected imminently.

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Terrorism information

Appropriate authorities should be contacted immediately

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Counterterrorism

Be vigilant at all times Maintain good housekeeping Use suitable physical security measures Regular, obvious patrols of the

site/premises Strict access control procedures Effective search procedures Visible use of CCTV systems Report suspicions to managers

immediately

Reduce the chances of a site/premises becoming a target

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Bomb threats

Ask the caller questions. Try to find out: what type of bomb it is where it is what it looks like when it is due to go off why the site was targeted which terrorist organisation

is making the threat name/address/telephone number/

location of caller.

Use a bomb threat check list

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Suspicious packages

High explosive devices (bombs left in packages or luggage)

Car bombs (explosives in vehicles) Incendiary devices (fire bombs) Postal bombs (envelopes and parcels through

the post) Person-borne devices (suicide bombers) Chemical, biological and radiological devices

(dirty bombs).

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Suspicious packages

DO NOT Touch it Lift it Move it Open it Pour water on it Put anything on top of it Try to diffuse it Attempt to use or disconnect any visible wires Use a radio or mobile phone near to it.

DO NOT interfere with the package

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Suspicious behaviour A particular interest in the outside of the

site/premises An interest in the CCTV systems Taking pictures of the site

(overtly or covertly) Making notes or drawing

diagrams of the site Taking an interest in the

timings of activities False alarm activations

(testing response times) Damage to perimeter security

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Attempts to disguise identity (hats, hoods, etc)

Trespassing with no good reason

Asking unusual questions about the site/premises or security arrangements

Nervousness Reluctance to be noticed or

seen

Suspicious behaviour

Report suspicious behaviour to a site supervisor or manager. The police may need to be called to investigate

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