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Section 2 Introduction to Cells. Chapter 4. Objectives. Describe the three basic parts of a cell. Compare prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Section 2 Introduction to Cells. Chapter 4. Basic Parts of a Cell. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Objectives
• Describe the three basic parts of a cell.
• Compare prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell
• The three basic parts of a cell are the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus.
» Pg 74 – Figure 4-6 shows surface of cell membrane and the diagram below is also shown
Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell, continued
• Plasma Membrane– The cell’s outer boundary, called the plasma
membrane (or the cell membrane), covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and the outside of a cell.
» All materials enter or exit through the plasma membrane
Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell, continued
• Cytoplasm– The region of the cell that is within the plasma
membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus is called the cytoplasm.
Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Basic Parts of a Cell, continued
• Nucleus– The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that
contains a cell’s DNA. » This is often called the control center of cells
Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Two Basic Types of Cells• Prokaryotes
– Prokaryote cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
– Prokaryotes are divided into domains Bacteria and Archaea
• These existed on Earth before Eukaryotes
Section 2 Introduction to CellsChapter 4
Two Basic Types of Cells, continued
• Eukaryotes– Eukaryote cells have a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles.» Eukaryotes cells are generally much larger than
prokaryotic cells
» Amoeba is an example of a Eukaryotic cell
» Ex. Pg 75, Figure 4-8 shows white blood cell (eukaryotic) attacking a much smaller bacteria cell (prokaryotic)
– Organelles are intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell
Prokaryote Two Cell Types EukaryoteNo nucleus Nucleus
No membrane- Many organellesbound organelles
Existed first Existed second
small large
Circular chromosome linear chromosome
Binary fission mitosis