Section 2: Types of Cells

Cell Theory (Review)

1. All organisms (living things) are composed of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of (life) structure and organization of organisms.

3. All (new) cells come from preexisting cells.

4. Cell contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division

Two Types of Cells

1. Cells can be subdivided into the following subcategories:

2. Prokaryotes: Unicellular

3. Eukaryotes: Multicellular

Prokaryotic

1. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (contain ribosomes).

2. Few internal structures.

3. Bacteria are one-celled prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic1. Contain a nucleus and organelles

surrounded by membranes (mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles, etc.)

PlantAnimal

“Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Hierarchy of Biological Order

Kingdoms Contain ALLOrganisms

Macromolecule

5 Kingdoms each containing cells

Bacteria (Kingdom Monera)

Bacteria are made of cells

5 Kingdoms each containing cells

Euglena are unicellular (Kingdom Protista)

An Amoeba is unicellular (Kingdom Protista)

Amoeba

Spirogyra (Kingdom Protista)

Volvox (Kingdom Protista)

Kelp forest (Algae) (Kingdom Protista)

5 Kingdoms each containing cells

Yeast Cells (Kingdom Fungi)

5 Kingdoms each containing cells

All plants are made of cells

Plant Cells

Plants Cells

5 Kingdoms each containing cells

All animals are made of cells

Bones are made of cells

Muscles are made of cells

More Cell Types!

Nerve cells

Nerve Cells

Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cell

Red and White Blood Cells

Comparison of Cells