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Reference

Section

ReferenceReference

SectionEquilateral Triangle - Equilateral triangles have 3 equal sides and 3 equal angles of 60º

108

Ag47

Silver

Atomic Mass

Lanthanide

Series

Actinide

Series

Transition Elements

Atomic Number

Symbol of the Element

Element NameNon-metals Reactive metals Metals Noble gases

Symbol colours

Black = solid Blue = gas

Green = liquid at room temperature

Metals

Non-metals

Background colours

NobleGases

0

3 4 5 6 7Group

1

21

2

3

4

5

6

7

Periods

Red outline

artifi cially

prepared*

*Mass numbers given are for most stable or best known isotope.

The Periodic Table of Elements

1

H1

Hydrogen

7

Li3

Lithium

9

Be4

Beryllium

23

Na11

Sodium

24

Mg12

Magnesium

39

K19

Potassium

40

Ca20

Calcium

45

Sc21

Scandium

52

Cr24

Chromium

55

Mn25

Manganese

56

Fe26Iron

59

Co27

Cobalt

59

Ni28

Nickel

63.5

Cu29

Copper

85.5

Rb37

Rubidium

88

Sr38

Strontium

89

Y39

Yttrium

96

Mo42

Molybdenum

99

Tc43

Technetium

101

Ru44

Ruthenium

103

Rh45

Rhodium

106

Pd46

Palladium

108

Ag47

Silver

133

Cs55

Ceasium

137

Ba56

Barium

139

La57

Lanthanum

184

W74

Tungsten

186

Re75

Rhenium

190

Os76

Osmium

192

Ir77

Iridium

195

Pt78

Platinum

197

Au79

Gold

223

Fr87

Francium

226

Ra88

Radium

227

Ac89

Actinium

263

Sg106

Seaborgium

265

Hs108

Hassium

266

Mt109

Meitnerium

269

Uun110

Ununnilium

262

Bh107

bohrium

178

Hf72

Hafnium

181

Ta73

Tantalum

140

Ce58

Cerium

141

Pr59

Praseodymium

232

Th90

Thorium

231

Pa91

Protactinium

48

Ti22

Titanium

51

V23

Vanadium

91

Zr40

Zirconium

93

Nb41

Niobium

261

Rf90

Rutherfordium

262

Db105

Dubnium144

Nd60

Neodymium

147

Pm61

Promethium

238

U92

Uranium

237

Np93

Neptunium

150

Sm62

Samarium

152

Eu63

Europium

157

Gd64

Gadolinium

159

Tb65

Terbium247

Bk97

Berkelium

244

Pu94

Plutonium

243

Am95

Americium

247

Cm96

Curium

65

Zn30Zinc

70

Ga31

Gallium

73

Ge32

Germanium

75

As33

Arsenic

79

Se34

Selenium

80

Br35

Bromine

84

Kr36

Krypton

115

In49

Indium

119

Sn50Tin

122

Sb51

Antimony

128

Te52

Tellurium

127

I53

Iodine

131

Xe54

Xenon

204

Tl81

Thallium

207

Pb82

Lead

209

Bi83

Bismuth

210

Po84

Polonium

210

At85

Astatine

222

Rn86

Radon

112

Cd48

Cadmium

201

Hg80

Mercury

162

Dy66

Dysprosium

165

Ho67

Holmium

167

Er68

Erbium

169

Tm69

Thulium

173

Yb70

Ytterbium

175

Lu71

Lutetium

257

Md101

Mendelevium

255

No102

Nobelium

256

Lr103

Lawrencium

252

Cf98

Californium

254

Es99

Einsteinium

257

Fm100

Fermium

4

He2

Helium

11

B5

Boron

12

C6

Carbon

14

N7

Nitrogen

16

O8

Oxygen

19

F9

Fluorine

20

Ne10

Neon

27

Al13

Aluminium

28

Si14

Silicon

31

P15

Phosphorous

32

S16

Sulphur

35.5

Cl17

Chlorine

40

Ar18

Argon

60o

60o

60o

SAMPLE

World Information

Country Capital Currency Population(mil)Argentina BuenosAires Peso 40.5Australia Canberra Aus.Dollar 22.4Austria Vienna euro/Schilling* 8.3Belgium Brussels euro/Bel.Franc* 10.8Canada Ottawa Can.Dollar 34.2China Beijing Yuan 1339.1Denmark Copenhagen Krone 5.5Egypt Cairo E.pound 78.8Finland Helsinki euro/Markka* 5.3France Paris euro/Franc* 65.4Germany Berlin euro/Deutschmark* 81.7Ghana Accra Cedi 24.3Greece Athens euro/Drachma* 11.3India NewDelhi Rupee 1184.6Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah 234.1Ireland Dublin euro/Punt* 4.4Israel Jerusalem Shekel 7.6Italy Rome euro/Lira* 60.3Japan Tokyo Yen 127.3Luxembourg Luxembourg euro/L.Franc* 0.502Malaysia KualaLumpur Ringgit 28.3Mexico MexicoCity Peso 108.3Netherlands Amsterdam euro/Guilder* 16.6NewZealand Wellington NZDollar 4.3Nigeria Abuja Naira 158.2Portugal Lisbon euro/escudo* 10.6Russia Moscow Ruble 141.9SaudiArabia Riyadh Riyal 26.2Singapore Singapore S.Dollar 4.9SouthAfrica Pretoria Rand 49.9Spain Madrid euro/Peseta* 46.9Sweden Stockholm Krona 9.3Switzerland Bern S.Franc 7.7Taiwan Taipei TDollar 23UnitedKingdom London Pound 62USA WashingtonDC Dollar 309.9Zimbabwe Harare Zim.Dollar 12.6

*currency before introduction of the euroPopulations are approximate

SAMPLE

World InformationTheEarthEstimated weight(mass) Circumferenceattheequator40,066km5,940,000,000,000,000,000,000metrictons Circumferenceatthepoles39,992kmEstimated age 4.6billionyears Diameter attheequator12,753kmCurrent population 6,446,131,714 Diameter atthepoles12,710kmSurface area 510,066,000sqkm Radius attheequator6,376kmLand area 148,647,000sqkm29.1% Radius atthepoles6,355kmOcean area 335,258,000sqkm Orbit speedTheearthorbitstheSunTotal water area 361,419,000sqkm70.9% at66,700mph,107,320kmperhourType of water 97%salt,3%fresh Theearthorbitsthesunevery365 days,5hours,48minutesand46seconds

Continents-sqkm LargestCountries-sqkmAsia 44,579,000 Russia 17,075,400Africa 30,065,000 Canada 9,330,970 NorthAmerica 24,256,000 China 9,326,410SouthAmerica 17,819,000 USA 9,166,600Antarctica 13,209,000 Brazil 8,456,510Europe 9,938,000 Australia 7,617,930 Australia/Oceania 7,687,000 India 2,973,190 Argentina 2,736,690 MostPopulatedCities-mil LeastPopulatedCountriesTokyo,Japan 32.4 VaticanCity 920Seoul,SouthKorea 20.55 Tuvalu 11,640MexicoCity,Mexico 20.45 Nauru 13,050NewYorkCity,USA 19.75 Palau 20,300Mumbai,India 19.2 SanMarino 28,800Jakarta,Indonesia 18.9 Monaco 32,410SáoPaulo,Brazil 18.85 Liechtenstein 33,720Delhi,India 18.68 St.Kitts 38,960

LargestOceans-sqkm LongestRivers-kilometresPacificOcean 155,557,000 Nile,Africa 6,825AtlanticOcean 76,762,000 Amazon,SouthAmerica 6,437IndianOcean 68,556,000 ChangJiang(Yangtze),Asia 6,380SouthernOcean 20,327,000 Mississippi,NorthAmerica 5,971ArcticOcean 14,056,000 Yenisey-Angara,Asia 5,536

TallestMountains-metres LargestDeserts-sqmilesMountEverest,Nepal 8850 Sahara,NAfrica 3,500,000Qogir(K2),Pakistan 8611 Arabian,MiddleEast 1,000,000Kanchenjunga,Nepal 8586 GreatVictoria,Australia250,000Lhotse,Nepal 8501 Kalahari,SouthernAfrica 225,000Makalu,Nepal 8462 Chihuahuan,Mexico 175,000

Somefiguresareapproximate

SAMPLE

Dates in Historyc.3500 BC InventionofthewheelandploughinMesopotamia(presentdayIraq);inventionofthesailinEgypt:three fundamentalinventionsfortrade,agricultureandexploration.c.3200 BC InventionofwritinginMesopotamia:themeanstorecordandunderstandhumanhistory.c.3000 BC FoundingofthefirstcitiesinSumeria(present-dayIraq):originofmodernsocialandadministrative structures.c.1600 BC Modernalphabetinvented:theessentialmeansofcommunicationofcomplexconceptsandculture.c.1600 BC BeginningofGreekcivilisation:essentialtoWesternHeritageandtherootofmathematics,philosophy, politicalthinkingandmedicine.753 BC FoundationofRome:theRomanEmpireisapillarofthemodernage,producingideasonjustice,law, engineeringandwarfare.327 BC EmpireofAlexandertheGreatreachesintoIndia:thefirstexampleofalong-termandoftenviolent interrelationshipbetweenEuropeandAsia.202 BC HannibalisdefeatedbyRome:thevictoryisessentialtosecurethesurvivalandexpansionofRoman civilisation.AD 105 Firstuseofmodernpaper:thisreplacedstone,slate,papyrusandvellumasacheapandconvenient medium.AD 280 UnificationofChinaundertheWesternChindynastycreatesthepoliticalshapeofmodernChina.c.AD 730 PrintinginventedinChina:anessentialstepinmasscommunication/administration/culturaldissemination.1088 FirstuniversityfoundedinBologna,Italy:thestartofamodernconceptionofhigherlearninganduniversal knowledge.1215 MagnaCartasignedbyKingJohnatRunnymede:thisistheoriginofthemodernconceptofconstitutional rule.1453 FallofConstantinopletotheOttomanTurks:Almost500yearsofTurkishdominationoftheEastern Mediterranean,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastbegins.1455 Firstbookprintedwithmoveabletype:JohannesGutenberg’srevolutioninprintingtechnologymakes mass-marketreadingpossible.1492 ChristopherColumbusdiscoverstheNewWorld,bringingtheAmericasintoaglobaltrading/cultural system.1509 Inventionofthewatch:essentialtoamoderneconomyandadministration,thisintroducestheconceptof regulartimekeeping.1564 WilliamShakespeareisborn:hisplaysmakefundamentalstatementsaboutthehumancondition.1687 IsaacNewtonpublishesPrincipia Mathematica,thefoundationofmodernphysics.1776 AmericanDeclarationofIndependencedeterminesthepoliticalevolutionoftheNewWorldandtheriseof Americanpower.1789 FrenchRevolutionmarksafundamentalbreakwiththetraditionofmonarchy;the“rightsofman”are enshrined.1815 BattleofWaterloo:theNapoleonicEmpireends,andwithitNapoleon’sambitiontoruleandreformallof Europe.1825 Stephenson’s‘Rocket’steamlocomotivebuilt,markingthestartoftherailwayageofcheap,fastland transport.1885 Benzdevelopsthefirstpetrol-drivencar,startingthemostprofoundtechnicalandsocialrevolutionofthe modernage.1905 Einstein’stheoryofspecialrelativitypublished.Ittransformsthenatureofmodernphysicalknowledge.1918 EndoftheFirstWorldWar.TheHabsburgandOttomanempirescollapse;mapsofEuropeandtheMiddle Eastareredrawn.1939 OutbreakofSecondWorldWar:50milliondieworldwidefrom1939-45intheworld’slargestandmost deadlyconflict.1945 EndofSecondWorldWar.Thefirstnuclearbombisdetonated.1959 Inventionofthesiliconchip,makingpossiblethecomputerage.1961 YuriGagarin,firstmaninspace.LegotoysfirstsoldinUSA.1963 AmericanPhysicistTheodoreMaimandevelopedthefirstLaser(atermforLightAmplificationby StimulatedEmissionofRadiation).1964 USAenteredtheVietnamwar-endedin1975atthecostof56,000Americanand1.3millionVietnamese lives.1969 NeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrintookman’sfirststepsontheMoon.1981 CommercialCellulartelephonesinScandinavia,thenUSA1983andtheninEuropeinthelate1980’s.1985 BritishscientistsreportedtheannualdevelopmentofahugeholeintheozonelayeroverAntartica.1991 TheinternetbecamewidelyavailableafterbeingdesignedanddevelopedbyTimBerners-Lee.

SAMPLE

Examination Tips

ExaminationtipsExamsaretheculminationofallyourstudies.Listedbelowareafewtipsonhowtogainthebestfromyourself.

Beforetheexamday •Studypreviousexampapers •Makearevisiontimetable-andsticktoit! •Trytoreviseinshortspells,ratherthanlettingyourmindwanderduring longerperiods •Revisionnotesareusefultokeepgoingover-writedownthebasicor mostimportantparts •Takebreaksbetweenrevision.Getsomefreshair-goforwalks,play football.Alwayskeepyourselfwellnourished •Makesureyouhavealltherightequipmentfortheexamthenightbefore

Ontheexamday •Haveagoodhealthybreakfast •Readthroughyournotes

Intheexam •Manageyourtime-knowhowlongtheexamisandthenumberof questionstobeanswered.Don’tspendtoolongonthefirstfew questionsandthenfindyou’verunoutoftime,takeabrieflookoverthe paperbeforeyoubeginansweringquestions • Readthequestionsthoroughly-makesureyouknowwhichquestions havetobeanswered •Whereappropriate,planyouranswerfirste.g.Englishessay •Writeyouranswerasclearlyaspossible •Onfinishingtheexampaperreadthroughyouranswersagain

Aftertheexam • Relax-don’tworryabouttheexam.Doanactivitytohelpyourelaxand getreadyforthenextexam

SAMPLE

Study Skills, Time Management

Effectivestudyingisallaboutacombinationofthings-time management,preparation, continuityandbeing realistic.Perhapsthemostimportantroutetoacademicsuccessistimemanagement.Timemanagementisaskillwhichweallrequireinordertosucceed.Ahealthybalanceofstudying,relaxationandrestisessentialineverythingwedo.

StudyskillsInClass- •Listencarefullytoinstructionsfromyourteacher •Makenotesthroughoutthelesson •Makeadetailedrecordinyourstudentplannerofhomework/ courseworkthatisset •Makeanoteofwhenthehomework/courseworkisduetobe handedin •Alwaysaskifyouareunsureofanyinstructionsorifyoudonot understandatask

AtHome- •Prioritiseyourwork-doesonesubjectorprojectneedmore attentionthananother? •Concentrate-ifyoufinditdifficult,studyinshortburstsof30 minutesorless •Doyourhomework/courseworkinacomfortableenvironment (thesameplaceeveryday-i.e.atatable) •AvoiddistractionssuchastheT.V.orcomputergames •Continuity-keeparoutinegoing,personalorganisationoftime managementandstudytechniqueswillpayoffinthelongrun •Alwaysallocateagoodfitnessandsocialroutineforrelaxationat weekendsaswellasintheevenings •REMEMBER -it’snotthehoursyouputin,it’swhatyouputin tothehours •Makeanoteofhowlongdifferentaspectsofworktakeyouto do-thiswillhelpyoumanageyourtimebetterthenexttimea similarprojectcomesalong •Formastudygroup-comparerevision/courseworknotesand topics •Testeachother

SAMPLE

Literacy - Spelling

SpellingRulesInexamsandcourseworkextramarksareavailableforcorrectspelling.Listedbelowaresomebasicspellingrules.

Rememberthese3definitions:vowel =a,e,i,o,uconsonant =alltheotherletters-b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z.syllable =onebeatofawordi.e.‘adventure’has3-‘ad’‘ven’‘ture’ ‘me’has1

Rule1-‘i’before‘e’exceptimmediatelyafter‘c’orwhensoundedas‘a’ example:achieve,receipt,foreign

Rule2-dropthefinal‘e’beforeaddinganendingbeginningwithavowel… example:love-loving,drive-driving …butkeepitbeforeaconsonant example:love-lovely,care-careful

Rule3-Wordsendinginsoft‘ce’or‘ge’keepthe‘e’before‘able’and‘ous’ example:advantage-advantageous,notice-noticeable

Rule4-‘full’,‘till’,‘all’,‘well’loseone‘l’whentheyareaddedtoanotherword example:hopeful,useful,until,cheerful,fulfil

Rule5-Verbswhichendin‘ie’changetheendingto‘y’beforeadding‘ing’ example:die-dying,lie-lying

Rule6-Ifawordendsinaconsonantplus‘y’,changethe‘y’to‘i’beforeaddingany endingexcept‘ing’ example:party-parties,heavy-heaviness

Remember!Thereareexceptionstoeachrule.

Spelling methods:Trythese4stepsbelowonwordsyouhavedifficultyspelling.

1. Look attheword,sayeachsyllabletoyourselfasyoulookatit,lookfor letterpatternsandtrickybitsandtrytopictureitinyourhead.

2. Cover thewordandsayittoyourself.

3. Write theword,andsayeachsyllableasyouwriteit.

4. Check toseeifyou’vegotitright;ifnotgobacktostepone.

SAMPLE

Literacy - The 8 parts of language

1Nouns Anounisthetypeofwordweusetoidentifyaplace,person,objectoran idea…girl, city, ball,…whereaspropernounsareusedtodescribea particularplace,person,objectoridea…Michelle, Leeds, November.

2Pronoun Pronounsstandinfornouns…‘Theteachertooktheregister’becomes ‘she tookit’.

3Verbs Verbsaredoingwords. Theyalsodescribewhattensethingshappenin. i.e.-past,presentorfuture. Past -Iwent toschoolyesterday. Present -Iam onholidaytoday. Future -Ishall stillbeonholidaytomorrow.

4Adjectives Adjectivesdescribenounsorpronouns. e.g. Theyoung manwashedhisblue car.

5Adverbs Adverbsaddinformationaboutverbs,adjectivesandotheradverbs. e.g. Iheldherhandtightly.Thewindwasvery strong.

6Prepositions Prepositionsshowtherelationshipbetweenanounandanotherword. e.g. Themansaton theseat.

7Conjunctions Conjunctionsjoingroupsofwords. e.g. Maryexercisesoftenand eatsawellbalanceddiet.

8Interjections Interjectionsareusedwhenexpressingemotionsandfeelings.Theyareoften usedwithexclamationmarks. e.g. Help!I’mstuck! Wow!Thatwascool!

SAMPLE

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Literacy - PunctuationIt is your punctuation that helps make your writing clear and easier to read and clarifies meaning to the reader. Reading your work aloud helps you see where punctuation is needed. Listed below are the 10 most common punctuation marks.

1. Full stop . Fullstopsareplacedattheendofeachsentencethatisnotaquestionoremotional quotation. The book was great.

2. Comma , Useacommatoindicateapauseinasentenceandtoseparatethreeormoreitems inalist. I’ve been shopping. I bought bread, milk, eggs, sugar and butter.

3. Question Mark ? Questionmarksareusedattheendofaquestion. How old are you?

4. Exclamation Mark ! Useanexclamationmarkattheendofsentencestoshowsurpriseordeepfeelings. Cracking good game! Hey you, stop!

5. Colon : Colonsareusedinsentenceswherelistsorexamplesaretobedescribed. I like: music, sport, reading and playing computer games.

6. Semi-colon ; Useasemi-colontoconnectindependentclausesinacompoundsentence. The ride was very scary; Chris felt ill.

7. Apostrophe ’ Apostrophesindicateapossession,ortheyareusedwhenaletterhasbeenremoved. The boy’s book. I didn’t (did not) see her. I’ll (I shall) find her.

8. Speech Marks “ ” Speechmarksareusedtoenclosedirectspeech. “I can see you better now,” he said.

9. Brackets ( ) Brackets(parentheses)areusedtoaddextrainformationtoasentence. My (first) driving test is tomorrow.

10. Dashes - Alsoseparatesextrainformationfromthemainsentence. I passed my driving test - first time.

.

,

!:

;

’

“”

( ) -

?

SAMPLE

Geometry - Angles, Triangles, Area & Volumes

Right angle -arightangleis90º

Angles Triangles

Acute angle -anacuteangleisless

than90º

Obtuse angle -anobtuseangleismorethan90ºand

lessthan180º

Straight Lineastraightlineis180º

Complementary angles -complementaryangles

addupto90º

Supplementary angles -supplementaryanglesadd

upto180º

Circle -acircleis360º

60º

60º

60º

Equilateral Triangle - Equilateraltriangleshave3equalsidesand3equal

anglesof60º

Isosceles Triangle - Isoscelestriangleshave

2sidesofequallengthand2anglesofequaldegrees

Triangle - Theanglesinatrianglealwaysaddupto180º

60º

90º 30º

Scalene Triangle - Scalenetriangleshavenoequal

sidesandnoequalangles

Pythagoras’ theorem c2=a2+b2

Area&Volume

b CA

c

B

hypoten

use

Rectangle -Perimeter=2(l+W)

Area=lxW

Triangle -Perimeter=a+b+c

Area=bxh2

l

W

bA C

B

ac

h

BbA

a

D b C

ah

Parallelogram -Perimeter=2(a+b)

Area=bxh

r

Circle -Circumference=2πr

Area=πr2

h

r

Cylinder -Volume=πr2h

Surfacearea=2πr2+2πrh

r

Sphere -Volume=4πr3

3Surfacearea=4πr2

h

r

s

Cone -Volume=πr2h

3Surfacearea=πr2+πrs

l w

h

Cuboid -Volume=lxwxh

Pyramid -Volume=lxwxh

3

h

w

l

a

SAMPLE

Algebra & TrigonometryAlgebra

Addition Multiplicationa+b=b+a ab=baa+(b+c)=(a+b)+c a(bc)=(ab)c

Expanding Bracketsa(b+c)=ab+ac a(b-c)=ab-ac (a+b)(a-b)=a2-b2

(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2 (a-b)2=a2-2ab+b2 (a+b)(c+d)=ac+ad+bc+bd(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3 (a-b)3=a3-3a2b+3ab2-b3 (a+b)(a+c)=a2+ac+ab+bc

Factorisinga2-b2=(a+b)(a-b) a2+2ab+b2=(a+b)2 a2-2ab+b2=(a-b)2

a3+b3=(a+b)(a2-ab+b2) a3-b3=(a-b)(a2+ab+b2) a3b-ab=ab(a+1)(a-1)

Quadratic EquationForax2+bx+c=0thenx=-b±√b2-4ac 2a

Trigonometry

Sine Law Cosine Lawa=b=c a2=b2+c2-2bccosAsinA sinB sinC b2=a2+c2-2accosB c2=a2+b2-2abcosC

sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB tan(A+B)=tanA+tanB sin2θ+cos2θ=1

sin(A-B)=sinAcosB-cosAsinB 1-tanAtanB cos2θ-sin2θ=cos2θ

cos(A+B)=cosAcosB-sinAsinB tan(A-B)=tanA-tanB 1+tan2θ=sec2θ

cos(A-B)=cosAcosB+sinAsinB 1+tanAtanB 1+cot2θ=cosec2θ

Valueofratios

B

A Cb

c a

sinθ=O=oppositeSOHHhypotenuse

cosθ=A=adjacentCAHHhypotenuse

tanθ=O=oppositeTOAAadjacent

OS H

AC H

OT A

Remember! SOH CAH TOA

OH

Aθ

θ0π/2π3π/22πsinθ010-10cosθ10-101tanθ0∞0-∞0

x

y

rr

rθ

SAMPLE

Physics Equations

Physical SlunitSymbolOtherUsefulequationsQuantity units

Length metre m 1kilometre(km)=1000m 1centimetre(cm)=0.01m(10-2m) 1millimetre(mm)=0.001m(10-3m)

Area squaremetre m2 1hectare(ha)=10,000m2

1km2=100ha

Volume m3 1m3=1000litres(l)=1,000,000cm3

Mass kilogram kg 1metrictonne(t)=1000kg 1kg=1000grams(g) 1g=1000milligrams(mg)

Time second s 60s=1minute(min)60min=1hour(h)

Temperature kelvin K 1degreeCelsius(1ºC)=1K

Velocity m/s v = s wherev=velocitym/s t s=distancem t=times

Acceleration m/s2 a = v-u wherea=accelerationm/s2

t u=initialvelocitym/s v=velocityattimet v = u+ats = ut + 1/2 at2

v2 = u2 + 2as s = (u+v) t

2

Force newton Nkgm/s2 F = ma whereF=forceN m=masskg

Momentum kgm/sp = mv wherep=momentumkgm/s

Energy joule Jkgm2/s2 W = Fs whereW=energy J (or work) orworkdone ke = 1/2mv2 whereke=kineticenergy J pe = mghwherepe=potentialenergyJ g=accelerationdue togravitym/s2 h=verticalheightm

Power watt W J/s P=W whereP=powerW

t

SAMPLE

Physics Equations

Vl R

Physical SlunitSymbolOther UsefulequationsQuantity units

Density kg/m3 d = m whered=densityg/cm3

org/cm3 v m=massg v=volumecm3

Pressure pascal Pa N/m2 P = F whereP=pressurePa A F=forceN A=aream2

Forafixedmassofgas: PV V=volumem3

T = a constant

T=temperatureK

Specific heat J/kg/K Q = m cθwhereQ=energykg/m2/s2

capacity m=masskg c=S.H.C.J/kg/K θ=changein temperatureK

Frequency hertz Hz /s v = f λ wherev=velocitym/s f=frequencyHz λ=wavelengthm

Quantity of coulomb C As Q = lt whereQ=chargeC electricity l=currentA (or charge) t=times

Potential volt V J/C V = lR whereV=potentialdifferenceVdifference l=currentA R=resistenceΩ

Resistance ohm Ω R = V l rememberas:Electric ampere A l = Vcurrent R

Electrical joule J E = VQ = l2Rt = V2twhereE=EnergyJ energy R t=timetakens (or work done)

Electrical watt W J/s P = W whereP=powerW power t W=workdoneJ

P = Vl = l2R = V2 E = Pt

R

SAMPLE

The Periodic Table of Elements

10

8 Ag 47 Si

lver

Atom

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Act

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Tran

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Sym

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ack

=so

lid

Blue

=g

asG

reen

=li

quid

at

room

tem

pera

ture

Met

als

Non-

met

als

Back

grou

nd c

olou

rs

Nob

leG

ases

0

3

4

5

6

7

Gro

up 1

21 2 3 4 5 6 7

Periods

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iod

ic T

able

of E

lem

ents

1

H 1Hy

drog

en

7

Li 3Lit

hium

9

Be 4

Bery

llium

23 N

a11

Sodi

um

24 M

g12

Mag

nesiu

m 3

9

K 19Po

tass

ium

40 C

a 20Ca

lcium

45

Sc 21Sc

andi

um

52

Cr

24Ch

rom

ium

55 M

n25

Man

gane

se

56 Fe 26 Iro

n

59 C

o 27Co

balt

59

Ni

28 Nick

el

63

.5 Cu 29

Copp

er 8

5.5 R

b 37Ru

bidi

um

88

Sr 38St

ront

ium

89

Y 39Yt

trium

96 M

o42

Mol

ybde

num

99

Tc 43Te

chne

tium

10

1 Ru 44

Ruth

eniu

m

10

3 Rh 45

Rhod

ium

10

6 Pd 46

Palla

dium

10

8 Ag 47 Si

lver

13

3 Cs

55Ce

asiu

m

13

7 Ba 56

Bariu

m

13

9 La 57La

ntha

num

18

4 W 74Tu

ngste

n

18

6 Re 75

Rhen

ium

19

0 Os

76Os

miu

m

19

2 Ir 77Iri

dium

19

5 Pt

78Pl

atin

um

19

7 Au 79 Gold

22

3 Fr 87Fr

anciu

m

22

6 Ra 88

Radi

um

22

7 Ac

89Ac

tiniu

m

26

3 Sg 106

Seab

orgi

um

26

5 Hs

108

Hass

ium

26

6 Mt

109

Mei

tner

ium

26

9 Uu

n11

0Un

unni

lium

26

2 Bh

107

bohr

ium

17

8 Hf

72Ha

fniu

m

18

1 Ta 73Ta

ntal

um

14

0 Ce 58

Ceriu

m

14

1 Pr

59Pr

aseo

dym

ium 2

32 Th 90

Thor

ium

23

1 Pa 91

Prot

actin

ium

48

Ti 22Tit

aniu

m

51

V 23Va

nadi

um 9

1

Zr

40Zi

rconi

um

93 N

b 41Ni

obiu

m

26

1 Rf

90Ru

ther

fordiu

m

26

2 Db

105

Dubn

ium

14

4 Nd 60

Neod

ymiu

m

14

7 Pm 61

Prom

ethi

um 2

38 U 92

Uran

ium

23

7 Np 93

Nept

uniu

m

15

0 Sm 62Sa

mar

ium

15

2 Eu 63Eu

ropi

um

15

7 Gd 64

Gado

liniu

m

15

9 Tb 65Te

rbiu

m 2

47 B

k 97Be

rkel

ium

24

4 Pu 94

Plut

oniu

m

24

3 Am 95

Amer

icium

24

7 Cm 96

Curiu

m

65 Z

n 30 Zinc

70 G

a31

Galli

um

73 G

e32

Germ

aniu

m

75 A

s33

Arse

nic

79 Se 34Se

leni

um

80

Br

35Br

omin

e

84

Kr

36Kr

ypto

n 1

15 In 49In

dium

11

9 Sn 50 Tin

12

2 Sb 51An

timon

y

12

8 Te 52Te

lluriu

m

12

7

I 53Io

dine

13

1 Xe 54

Xeno

n 2

04 Tl 81

Thal

lium

20

7 Pb 82 Lead

20

9 Bi

83Bi

smut

h

21

0 Po 84

Polo

nium

21

0 At

85As

tatin

e

22

2 Rn 86

Rado

n

11

2 Cd 48

Cadm

ium

20

1 Hg 80

Mer

cury

16

2 Dy

66Dy

spro

sium

16

5 Ho 67

Holm

ium

16

7 Er 68Er

bium

16

9 Tm 69Th

uliu

m

17

3 Yb 70

Ytte

rbiu

m

17

5 Lu 71Lu

tetiu

m 2

57 M

d10

1M

ende

leviu

m

25

5 No

102

Nobe

lium

25

6 Lr 103

Law

renc

ium

25

2 Cf

98Ca

lifor

nium

25

4 Es 99Ein

stein

ium

25

7 Fm 100

Ferm

ium

4

He 2

Heliu

m 1

1

B 5Bo

ron

12

C 6Ca

rbon

14

N 7Ni

troge

n

16

O 8Ox

ygen

19

F 9Flu

orin

e

20 N

e10 Ne

on 2

7

Al

13Al

umin

ium

28

Si 14Si

licon

31

P 15Ph

osph

orus

32

S 16Su

lphu

r

35

.5 Cl

17Ch

lorin

e

40 A

r18 Argo

n

SAMPLE

Measurement Conversion Information

Length1inch=2.54centimetres 1centimetre=0.394inches1foot=30.5centimetres 1metre=39.4inches1foot=0.305metres 1metre=3.28feet1yard=0.914metres 1metre=1.09yards1mile=1.609kilometres 1kilometre=0.621miles

Weight1ounce=28.3grams 1gram=0.035ounces1pound=454grams 1kilogram=2.2pounds1pound=0.454kilograms 1metrictonne=2200pounds1ton=1.02metrictonnes 1metrictonne=0.984tons

Capacity1fl.ounce=28.4millilitres 1millilitre=0.035fl.ounces1pint=0.568litres 1litre=1.76pints1UKgallon=4.55litres 1litre=0.22UKgallons1UKgallon=1.2USgallons 1USgallon=0.833UKgallons

Area1sqinch=6.45sqcms 1sqcm=0.155sqinches1sqfoot=929sqcms 1sqmetre=10.76sqfeet1sqfoot=0.093sqmetres 1sqmetre=1.2sqyards1sqyard=0.836sqmetres 1hectare=2.47acres1acre=0.405hectares 1sqkm=247acres1sqmile=259hectares 1sqkm=0.386sqmiles1sqmile=2.59sqkms

Volume1cuinch=16.4cucms 1cucm=0.061cuinches1cufoot=0.028cumetres 1cumetre=35.3cufeet1cuyard=0.765cumetres 1cumetre=1.31cuyard

Temperature Conversion

0˚

-18˚

10˚Fahrenheit = F˚

Celsius = C˚

20˚ 30˚ 40˚ 50˚ 60˚ 70˚ 80˚ 90˚ 100˚ 110˚

-10˚ 0˚ 10˚ 20˚ 30˚ 40˚

SAMPLE

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

one

two

three

four

five

sixseven

eight

nine

ten

eleven

twelve

Times Tables2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36

4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72

7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84

8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96

9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108

10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

110

120

11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110

121

132

12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108

120

132

144

SAMPLE