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Danyal KUBİN, Bahadır ŞADAN, Aydan ÖZMEN,Joseph KUBİN, Elif EROĞLU
Prota Engineering Inc., Turkey
Hakan HAKALMAZ, Mustafa ŞENCANTürk Telekomünikasyon Inc., Turkey
Presented by: Dr. Bahadır ŞADAN
SE‐50EEEInternational Conference on Earthquake Engineering
29 to 31 May 2013 ‐ Skopje / Macedonia
Türk Telekomünikasyon A.Ş. (Turkish Telecommunication Inc.)
Güllük / Antalya – Turkey
8 Storey R/C Building
(Basement + Ground + 5 Floors + Steel Roof)
Built in late 90’s
Basement Floor (4.00m)
Ground Floor (4.40m)
1st Floor (3.60m)
2nd Floor (5.00m)
3rd Floor (5.00m)
4th Floor (5.00m)
5th Floor (2.60m)
Roof Floor (2.60m)
TOTAL HEIGHT = 32.20m
CR
CM
650cm 650cm620cm 620cm 620cm620cm54
0cm
540c
m550c
m550c
m
Field Studies
StoreyConcrete Strength (MPa)
Young Modulus
(MPa)
Roof 8 14,1425th 8 14,1424th 15 19,3653rd 13 18,0282nd 11 16,5831st 21 22,913
Ground 18 21,213Basement 19 21,794Average 12 17,321
2nd Seismic Zone
A0 = 0.3 g (Immediate Occupancy –475 years return period)
A0 = 0.45 g (Life Safety– 2475 yearsreturn period)
Importance Factor I= 1.0
Behaviour Factor R= 1.0
Cracked Section Stiffness Properties
(Columns 60%EI, ShearWalls & Beams 40%EI)
Immediate Occupancy
All Columns & Shearwalls in Minimal Damage Zone
10% of Beams in Moderate Damage Zone
No Brittle Failure Allowed
Life Safety
Shear Force Carried by Columns & Shearwalls in Severe Damage Zone
< 20% Vtotal (All Floors)
< 40% Vtotal (Top Floor)
30% of Beams in Severe Damage Zone
No Brittle Failure Allowed
Mode 1 Tz= 1.07 secM% = 41%
Mode 2 Ty= 0.89 sec M% = 56%
Mode 3 Tx= 0.66 secM% = 44%
MAJORITY OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS FAIL TO SATISFY LIFE SAFETY PERFORMANCE LEVEL CRITERIA
NO NEED TO CHECK IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY PERFORMANCE LEVEL
BUILDING IS UNSAFE
SEISMIC RETROFIT NEEDED!
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
• The building service shall not be interrupted during construction works
• Minimum obstruction to architectural usage
• Shall meet Immediate Occupancy & Life Safety Performance Levels
• Shall be cost effective
Seismic Base Isolation
There are adjacent buildings which makes base isolation impossible
Conventional Retrofitting (Addition of R/C ShearWalls)
The building service would be interrupted
Creates much dust and dirt
Architectural usagewould be obstructed. Overhangs would create problem.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
• The building service shall not be interrupted during construction works
• Minimum obstruction to architectural usage
• Shall meet Immediate Occupancy & Life Safety Performance Levels
• Shall be cost effective
Retrofitting by Steel Braces
Steel braces can be pre‐manufactured
Installation can be completed during night time
Building Service would not be interrupted
Less obstruction to architectural usage
Overhangs will be accessible
Aesthetic design
Cost effective with performance based design
PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN
• Each storeymodelled with its ownspecific concrete compressive strength
• Moment‐Curvature and Axial Force‐Moment interaction diagrams of
Columns, beams and walls have beenderived considering existing
reinforcements
• Rotational plastic hinges are assigned toeachmemberwhile
tension/compression hinges areassigned to steel braces
PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN
• Seismic demand has been calculatedas described in Turkish Earthquake
Code (2007)
• Singlemode pushover analysis havebeen prformed for 4 orthogonal
directions
• Plastic rotation andtension/compression deformation of eachmember are compared with the
Life Safety and ImmediateOccupancy performance limits of
FEMA356
PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN
• The steel profiles are chosen as HA200 themost available steel
profile in themarket to speed up theretrofit process
• Several iterations resulted in themost optimal steel sections withvarying thickness at each storey
Ground Floor – 10mm1st Floor – 10mm2nd Floor – 8mm3rd Floor – 8mm4th Floor – 6mm5th Floor – 6mm
Dr. Bahadır Şadan, PhDStructural and Earthquake Engineer
[email protected] / Turkey
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
