mid`kj ^d`kæu] vkxjk–2

¥s[d`

ih\ ds`\ feJ

oLrqfuÆB iz'ukÍ lfgr

(Welder Trade Theory)

vkbZ\Vh\vkbZ\/fMI¥ksek/vkj\vkj\ch\

© izd`kæd`

izd`kæd`mid`kj ^d`kæu(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)

2/11 ,] Lonsæh chek uxj ·ækg flusek ds` lkeus‚] vkxjk–282 002√ksu : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101; √SDl # (0562) 4053330, 4031570E-mail : care@upkar.in, Website : www.upkar.in

czkap vkWfœ`l #4845, vUlkjh jksM] nfj;kxat]ubZ fnY¥h%110 002œ`ksu # 011–23251844/66

ihjeksguh pkSd`] d`nedq`vk∑]iVuk%800 003œ`ksu # 0612–2673340

1-8-1/B, vkj\ vkj\ d`kWEI¥sDl ·lqUnjS;k ikdZ`ds` ikl] eulk ,UD¥so xsV ds` cx¥ eÍ‚]ckx f¥axeiY¥h] gSnjkckn%500 044 ·vk\ iz\‚œ`ksu # 040–66753330

28, pkS|jh ¥su] ';ke cktkj]esV_ks LVsæu ds` fud`V] xsV ua\ 4d`ks¥d`krk%700004 (W.B.)œ`ksu # 033–25551510

B-33, C¥aV LDok;j] d`kuiqjVSDlh LVS≥M ¥su] eoba;k]¥[u˜%226 004 (U.P.)œ`ksu # 0522–4109080

● bl iqLrd` d`ks izd`kfær d`jus eÍ izd`kæd` }kjk iw.Z lko|kuh cjrh xbZ gS] fœ`j Hh fd`lh(qfV ds` f¥, izd`kæd` ftEesnkj ugÓ gksxk\

● bl iqLrd` d`ks vFkok blds` fd`lh vaæ d`ks fcuk ^d`kæd` d`h f¥f[r vuqefr ds`] fd`lhHh Ôi%œ`ksVksxzkœ`h] fo»qr-xzkfœ`d`] ;kfU(d`h vFkok vU; Ôi eÍ fd`lh Hh ^d`kj lsmi;ksx ds` f¥, ugÓ Nkik tk ld`rk gS\

● fd`lh Hh ifjokn ds` f¥, U;kf;d` {ks( ds`o¥ vkxjk gh gksxk\

ISBN : 978-81-7482-910-8

ewY; # 95·00 ek((Rs. Ninety Five Only)

Code No. 241

eqnzd` # mid`kj ^d`kæu ·f^afVax ;wfuV‚ ckbZ-ikl] vkxjk

fo";–lwph

1. oSfYMax # V_sM ifjp;(Welding : Trade Introduction)………………………………………….. 3–5

2. oSfYMax # ækWi VwYl(Welding : Shop Tools)……………..……………..……………………. 6–9

3. oSfYMax # fdz`;k,∑ vkSj mud`k oxhZd`j.(Welding : Working and Classification)………………………………… 10–13

4. oSfYMax # iz;qDr xSl ,oa muds` xq.(Welding : Used Gases and their Characters)…………………………... 14–19

5. xSl Œ¥se }kjk |krq d`h d`VkbZ ,oa gkMZ œs`flax(Metal Cutting by Gas Flame and Hard Facing)……………………..…. 20–23

6. oSfYMax # Œ¥se ,oa rd`uhd`(Welding : Flame and Technique)…………….....……………………… 24–28

7. oSfYMax # fofHUu izd`kj ds` tksÈM(Welding : Types of Weld Joints)…………………………..…………… 29–31

8. xSl oSfYMax # fofHUu |krq,∑(Gas Welding : For Various Metals)……………………………………. 32–37

9. Œ¥Dl] fœ`¥j jkWM] lksYMfjax ,oa czsftax(Flux, Filler Rod, Soldering and Brazing)…………………...…………. 38–41

10. oSfYMax # iz;ksx gksus ok¥s lk|u vkSj mid`j.(Welding : Resources and Instruments in Use)……………..…………... 42–46

11. fct¥h d`k izkjfEHd` Kku(Basic Knowledge of Electricity)…………………………………..…… 47–50

12. vk|qfud` oSfYMax fof|;k∑(New Welding Methods)…………………..……………………………. 51–57

13. fofHUu |krqvkÍ d`h vkdZ` oSfYMax(Arc Welding of Different Metals)……………………………………... 58–62

14. eSuqv¥ eSV¥ vkdZ` oSfYMax b¥SDV_ksM(Manual Metal Arc Welding Electrode)……………………………….. 63–67

15. vkdZ` oSfYMax rd`uhd`(Arc Welding Technique)………………………………………………. 68–71

16. fo»qr vkdZ` oSfYMax ds` mid`j.(Equipments of Electric Arc Welding)………………………...………. 72–77

17. ikbi oSfYMax xSl o vkdZ`(Pipe Welding Gas and Arc)…………………………………………… 78–81

18. ˜Æek ,oa rki(Heat and Temperature)………………………………………………… 82–84

19. oSfYMax tksÈM vkSj VeZlΩ(Welding Joints and Terms)…………………………………………… 85–89

20. oSfYMax ds` LVS≥MMZ fpÕ(Standard Symbol of Welding)………………………………………… 90–92

21. oSfYMax æCnko¥h(Welding Terminology)………………………………………………... 93–97

22. ¥?qm®jh; iz'u ·Hkx-I)………………………………………………….... 98–106

— ¥?qm®jh; iz'u ·Hkx-II)……………………………………………...... 107–114

23. fofo| iz'ukof¥;k∑ (1–5)…………………………………………………... 115–128

24. mi;ksxh lwpuk,∑(Useful Informations)…………………………………………………... 129–135

25. oSfYMax jhfMax rkf¥d`k(Welding Reading Tables)……………………………………………... 136–137

26. Welding Parameter Recommendations)………………………………... 138–139

oSÏYMx rd`uhd`h(Welding Technique)

1 oSÏYMx # V_sM ifjp;[Welding : Trade Introduction]

oSÏYMx;g ,d` rd`uhd` gS ftlds` }kjk ge |krqvkÍ d`ks Lƒk;h

Ôi ls tksMÈrs gß vƒkZrΩ oSÏYMx og f∂`;k gS ftlds` }kjkge |krqvkÍ d`ks ,d` mfpr rkieku ij ncko ;k fcukncko ds` tksMÈ ld`rs gß\ tksMÈ d`h [k¥h txg d`ks Hjus ds`f¥, fœ`¥j eSV¥ (Filler Metal) d`k ^;ksx fd`;k tkrk gS\fœ`¥j eSV¥ d`k x¥ukad` tksMÈh tkus ok¥h |krqvkÍ ds`x¥ukad` ls d`e gksrk gS\

oSÏYMx d`k ^;ksx fuEuf¥f[r LƒkukÍ o m»ksxkÍ eÍfd`;k tkrk gS—

01. js¥02. gokbZ tgkt ds fuekZ. ds f¥,03. vkWVkseksckb¥ m»ksx04. V_SDVj m»ksx05. vkWMhZußl œS fDV_;k∑06. Hou fuekZ.07. iq¥ cukus eÍ08. ck∑|09. vUrfj” m»ksx10. œ`uhZpj cukus ds f¥,11. Hkjh m»ksx12. [fut inkƒZ m»ksx13. lkbfd`¥ m»ksx14. Hkjh eæhu cukus ds f¥,15. NksVs m»ksxkÍ eÍ16. iqjkus <k∑ps bR;kfn d`ks m[kMÈus ds f¥,17. fjis;j ;k ejEer ds f¥,18. ftxfœ`Dpj cukus ds f¥,19. fct¥h o nwjnæZu ds Vkoj Lƒkfir d`jus ds f¥,

eSV¥ ikVksÛ d`ks tksMÈus d`h fof|;k∑

(i) vLƒk;h fof| (Temporary Method)—bl fof|eÍ eæhu ikVksÛ d`ks tksMÈus ds` f¥, ftu lk|ukÍ d`k ^;ksxfd`;k tkrk gS os ikVksÛ d`ks [ks¥us ij Hh lqjf”r jgrs gß]tSls—uV] cksYV] LVM] d`h] d`kWVj] L∂w` vkfn\

(ii) v*Z Lƒk;h fof| (Semi-permanent Method)—bleÍ ,sls cU|u (Fasteners) d`k ^;ksx gksrk gS ftUgÍ ikVZls [ks¥us ;k v¥x d`jus ij Lo;a [jkc gks tkrs gß] ¥sfd`utkWc ;k ikVZ [jkc ugÓ gksrk gS] tSls—fjos¯Vx vkSj lksYM¯jx\

(iii) Lƒk;h fof| (Permanent Method)—,sls cU|uftUgÍ ;fn ikVΩZl v¥x d`juk gks] rks ikVZ ;k cU|u nksukÍgh [jkc gks tkrs gß] tSls—oSÏYMx ;k ^s¯tx\

oSYM (Weld) d`h gqbZ rƒk fjosV ;k <¥kbZ (Rivet)d`h gqbZ tkWc eÍ vUrj

Welded Job Riveted Job/CastedJob

1. ;g tkWc Lƒk;h Ôi lstksMÈh xbZ gS\

1. fjosfVM tkWc v*ZLƒk;hÔi ls tksMÈh gksrh gS\

2. oSÏYMx d`jus ds` f¥,fd`lh ^d`kj d`h x.ukugÓ d`juh iMÈrh gS\

2. fjos¯Vx d`jus ds` f¥,tksMÈh tkus ok¥h lqjk[kÍd`k O;kl vkSj lqjk[kÍd`h la“;k d`h x.ukvko';d` gS\

3. blds` f¥, fd`lh ^d`kjds iSVuZ d`h vko';d`rkugÓ gksrh gS\

3. <¥kbZ d`h tkus ok¥htkWckÍ ds` f¥, iSVuZ d`hvko';d`rk gksrh gS\

4. oSYM fd`, tkWc Hkj eÍgYds gksrs gß\

4. <¥kbZ gq, ikVZ Hkjh gksrsgß\

5. blds` }kjk vf|d` Hkjlgu fd`;k tkrk gS\

5. blds` }kjk vf|d` HkjugÓ mBk;k tk ld`rk gS\

6. ;g >Vds` lgu d`jld`rk gS\

6. ;s >Vds` lgu ugÓ d`jld`rs vkSj VwV tkrs gß\

7. bls rS;kj d`jus eÍ d`ele; ¥xrk gS\

7. bls cukus eÍ vf|d`le; ¥xrk gS\

8. ;g ns[us eÍ lqUnj gksrkgS\

8. ;g vf|d` lqUnj ugÓfn[rk\

9. bUgÍ vklkuh ls l“r;k ueZ fd`;k tkrk gS\

9. bueÍ ˜Æek mipkj d`jukd`fBu gksrk gS\

10. oSÏYMx d`gÓ Hh d`h tkld`rh gS\

10. fjos¯Vx odZ`ækWi eÍ ghd`h tkrh gS\

11. oSÏYMx lLrh gksrh gS\ 11. <¥kbZ o fjos¯Vx eg∑xhgksrh gS\

4 | oSÏYMx rd`uhd`h

oSÏYMx ds` ¥kH

1. oSÏYMx ,d` ,slh ^f∂`;k gS ftlds` }kjk |krq ds` cusikVksÛ ;k oLrqvkÍ d`ks vklkuh ls tksMÈk tk ld`rk gS\

2. blds` }kjk ,d` leku |krqvkÍ ;k nks v¥x-v¥x|krqvkÍ d`ks vkil eÍ tksMÈk tkrk gS\

3. oSÏYMx ls le; d`h cpr gksrh gS\

4. VwVs ikVksÛ d`ks oSÏYMx }kjk d`e [pZ ls vf|d` le;rd` p¥k;k tk ld`rk gS\

5. oSÏYMx }kjk rS;kj tksMÈ d`h rkd`r ew¥ |krq ftruhgksrh gS\

6. fo»qr V_kaLœ`kWeZj] Vh\oh\ VkWoj rƒk Hkjh d`kj[kukÍ d`hLƒkiuk d`k vf|d`rj d`k;Z oSÏYMx }kjk gh lEHo gS\

7. leqnz ds` vUnj Hh oSÏYMx d`h tk jgh gS\

oSÏYMx ls gkfu;k∑

1. oSÏYMx d`jrs oDr vkus ok¥h ped` rƒk fud`¥k|q∑vk LokLF; ds` f¥, gkfud`kjd` gksrk gS\

2. oSÏYMx mid`j. fct¥h }kjk p¥k, tkrs gß\ vr#bUgÍ ^;ksx d`jrs oDr lko|kuh j[uh pkfg,\

3. oSÏYMx d`h ^f∂`;k ds`o¥ dq`æ¥ d`kjhxjkÍ }kjk gh d`htk ld`rh gS\

4. oSÏYMx d`jus ds` ckn dq`N ikVksÛ d`k ˜Æek mipkjd`juk iMÈrk gS\

5. oSÏYMx d`jrs le; rkieku cgqr vf|d` gks tkrk gSftlls oSYM fd`, tkus ok¥s ikVksÛ d`h lrg d`hvUnÔuh cukoV cn¥ tkrh gS\

oSÏYMx ækWi eÍ ^;ksx gksus ok¥s eq“; lqj”k mid`j.

1. okVj lh¥ 2. oSÏYMx xkWxYt3. lSŒVh okYo 4. ,s^u (Apron)5. peMÈs ds nLrkus 6. cSd` Sxj okYo7. ¥sx xkMZ 8. oSÏYMx cwƒ9. LikdZ ,sjsLVj 10. œ`k;j ,sDlk¯VX;qæj

œ`k;j ,Dl¯VX;wæj (Fire Extinguisher)—;g vkxcq>kus d`k ;U( gS ftls vkx cq>kus ds` f¥, ^;ksx fd`;ktkrk gS\ bls odZ`ækWi eÍ mfpr Lƒku ij ¥Vd`k nsrs gß\bleÍ vkx ds` vuqlkj xSl o jlk;u Hjs gksrs gß\

^d`kj—(i) lh\Vh\lh\ œ`k;j ,Dl¯VX;qæj] (ii) œ`kse,Dl¯VX;qæj] (iii) lksMk ,sflM ,Dl¯VX;qæj

vkdZ` vkbZ (Arc Eye)—vkdZ oSÏYMx d`jrs le; uaxhvk∑[kÍ ls dq`N lsd`≥M rd` vkdZ` ¥kbV ns[us ij vk∑[Í [jkcgksd`j lwt tkrh gß\ bleÍ ikuh vkrk gS rƒk nnZ d`kœ`hgksrk gS\ blh rd`¥hœ` ;k nq#[ d`ks vkdZ` vkbZ ;k Œ¥Sæd`grs gß\

jsfM;sæu lad`V (Radiation Problem)—oSÏYMx d`jrsle; ,Dl-js vkSj xkek-js d`h Hk∑fr ¥Ech oso ¥Íƒ d`hfofd`j.Í mRiUu gksrh gß ftls jsfM;sæu d`grs gß\ bllscpus ds` f¥, oSYMj d`ks peMÈs d`h tSds`V] ,^u X¥ksCt vkfniguuk pkfg,\

v˙;klkƒZ ^'u

1. fjos¯Vx fuEuf¥f[r eÍ fd`l ^d`kj d`k tksMÈ gS=

(A) Lƒk;h tksMÈ(B) vLƒk;h tksMÈ(C) v*Z Lƒk;h tksMÈ(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

2. oksÏYVx ds` f¥, fd`l ^d`kj ds` lqjk[ d`k ^;ksx fd`;ktkrk gS=

(A) vk;rkd`kj (B) pwMÈhnkj(C) xks¥kd`kj (D) pkSMÈk

3. fœ`¥j eSV¥ d`k x¥ukad` tksMÈh tkus ok¥h |krq ds`x¥ukad` ls ˙˙˙˙˙ gksrk gS\

(A) d`e (B) vf|d`(C) cjkcj (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

4. oSz¯tx fd`l ^d`kj d`k tksMÈk gS=

(A) vLƒk;h (B) v*ZLƒk;h

(C) Lƒk;h (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

5. oSz¯tx ds` f¥, fd`ld`ks Œ¥Dl ds` Ôi eÍ ^;ksx fd`;ktkrk gS=

(A) isV_ks¥ (B) rs¥ feJ.

(C) lqgkxk (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

6. lksYMj fuEuf¥f[r eÍ fd`ld`k feJ. gS=

(A) ¥SM] Vhu

(B) rk∑ck] ¥ksgk

(C) ¥SM] rk∑ck

(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

oSÏYMx rd`uhd`h | 5

7. lksYM¯jx d`k ^;ksx fuEuf¥f[r eÍ fd`ld`ks tksMÈus ds`f¥, fd`;k tkrk gS=

(A) eksVh lhVkÍ (B) js¥os V_Sd`

(C) ir¥h lhVkÍ (D) cMÈs-cMÈs iq¥ d`k ¥ksgk

8. oSÏYMx fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ^d`kj d`k tksMÈ gS=

(A) Lƒk;h (B) vLƒk;h

(C) (A) ,oa (B) nksukÍ (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

9. uV o oksYV ds` tksMÈ ds` ^;ksx ds` f¥, gksrk gS—

(A) Lƒk;h (B) vLƒk;h

(C) (A) ,oa (B) nksukÍ (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

10. fl¥S≥Mj eÍ xSl fjlko d`k irk fd`lls ¥xk;k tkrk gS=

(A) vkWDlhtu xSl (B) isV_ks¥

(C) lkcqu d`k ?ks¥ (D) xSl d`h e∑gd`

11. fl¥S≥Mj okYo [ks¥us ds` f¥, gSej d`k ^;ksx d`jukpkfg,—

(A) lR;

(B) vlR;

(C) dq`N ugÓ d`gk tk ld`rk

(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

12. uV] oksYV] LVM] d`h] d`kWVj ds` f¥, fd`l ^d`kj ds`tksMÈ d`h vko';d`rk iMÈrh gS=

(A) vLƒk;h fof| (B) Lƒk;h fof|

(C) v*Z-Lƒk;h fof| (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

13. fjos Vx vkSj lksYM¯jx ds tksMÈ ds f¥, fd`l ^d`kj d`hfof| d`k ^;ksx fd`;k tkrk gS=

(A) vLƒk;h fof| (B) Lƒk;h fof|

(C) v*Z-Lƒk;h fof| (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

14. oSÏYMx ds` f¥, d`kSulh fof| mi;ksxh gS=(A) vLƒk;h fof| (B) Lƒk;h fof|(C) v*Z-Lƒk;h fof| (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

15. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ oSÏYMx d`k ^;ksx d`gk∑ fd`;k tkrk gS=

(A) js¥] gokbZ tgkt] vkWVkseksckb¥ m»ksx eÍ

(B) VS_DVj m»ksx] Hou fuekZ.] iq¥ cukus eÍ

(C) ck∑|] vUrfj” m»ksx] œ`uhZpj cukus eÍ

(D) mi;qZDr lHh eÍ

m®jek¥k1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (C)6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (C)

11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (D)

●●●

2 oSÏYMx # ækWi VwYl[Welding : Shop Tools]

oSÏYMx ækWi eÍ d`ke d`jus ds` f¥, fofHUu ^d`kj ds`vkStkj (Tools) ^;ksx fd`, tkrs gß\ ;s |krqvkÍ d`h d`¯Vxd`jus ds` f¥, ^;ksx fd`, tkrs gß\ ;s d`¯Vx VwYl fuEu-f¥f[r gß—

(i) fLui (Snip)—;g ,d` ^d`kj d`h dß`ph gS tksgkbZd`kcZu LVh¥ d`h cuh gksrh gS rƒk bld`k lkbt 300feeh ;k 12" rd` gksrk gS\ ;g nks ^d`kj d`k gksrk gS—

(i) LV_SV fLui (ii) cSUV fLui

(ii) æh;j (Shear)—;g fLui d`k gh ,d` ^d`kj gS\ds`o¥ bld`k lkbt cMÈk gksrk gS\ ;g fuEuf¥f[r ^d`kjd`k gksrk gS—

(i) LVkd` æh;j (ii) C¥kd` æh;j(iii) oßp æh;j (iv) ikWoj æh;j

(iii) gSDlkW (Hack-saw)—;g ,d` d`¯Vx Vw¥ gS\bld`k ^;ksx oSÏYMx ækWi eÍ |krq d`kVus ds` f¥, fd`;ktkrk gS\ blds` nks Hkx gß—

(A) ≠s`e (Frame) (B) C¥sM (Blade)

(iv) NSuh (Chisel)—tgk∑ gSDlk o œ`kb¥ d`k ^;ksxugÓ gks ld`rk ogk∑ NSuh d`k ^;ksx gksrk gS\ ;g fuEuf¥f[r^d`kj d`h gksrh gß—

(A) Œ¥SV NSuh (B) ∂`kWl d`V NSuh(C) Mk;e≥M IokbUV NSuh (D) jkm≥M ukst NSuh(E) lkbM-d`V NSuh (F) d`km-ek˜ƒ NSuh

(v) jsrh (File)—jsrh ,d` gS≥M-d`¯Vx Vw¥ gS ftlds`}kjk |krq d`ks NksVs-NksVs d`.kÍ ds` Ôi eÍ f?lk;k tkrk gS\;g gkbZ d`kcZu LVh¥ d`h cukbZ tkrh gS\ jsrh d`k oxhZd`j.pkj ^eq[ ckrkÍ ij vk|kfjr gS—

(A) ¥EckbZ ds` vuqlkj (B) vkÎ`fr ds` vuqlkj(C) xzsM ds` vuqlkj (D) d`V ds` vuqlkj

(A) ¥EckbZ ds` vuqlkj jsfr;k∑—100 feeh ls 400 feehrd` gksrh gß\

(B) vkÎ`fr ds` vuqlkj—lkr ^d`kj d`h gksrh gß—

(i) Œ¥SV œ`kb¥ (ii) gS≥M œ`kb¥

(iii) LDok;j œ`kb¥ (iv) V_kb,axq¥j œ`kb¥

(v) jkm≥M œ`kb¥ (vi) gkWœ` jkm≥M œ`kb¥

(vii) ukbœ` ,t œ`kb¥(C) xzsM ds` vuqlkj—xzsM ds` vuqlkj ik∑p ^d`kj d`h

gksrh gß—(i) jœ` œ`kb¥ (Rough File)—8 ls 10 nk∑rs ^fr oxZ

lseh(ii) ckLVMZ œ`kb¥ (Bastard File)—10 ls 12 nk∑rs ^fr

oxZ lseh(iii) lsd`≥M d`V œ`kb¥ (Second Cut File)—14 ls

16 nk∑rs ^fr oxZ lseh(iv) Lewƒ œ`kb¥ (Smooth File)—20 ls 24 nk∑rs ^fr

oxZ lseh(v) gßM Lewƒ œ`kb¥ (Dead Smooth File)—28 ls

35 nk∑rs ^fr oxZ lseh(D) d`V ds` vuqlkj—(i) ¯lx¥ d`V œ`kb¥—jsrh ds` œs`l ij ,d` rjœ` nk∑rs

gksrs gß\

(ii) Mo¥ d`V œ`kb¥—bleÍ nks rjœ` ls nk∑rs d`Vs gksrs gß\

(iii) Likbj¥ d`V œ`kb¥—bleÍ d`V o~rkd`kj gksrs gß\

(iv) d`CMZ d`V—bleÍ o~®kd`kj nk∑rs gksrs gß tks ueZ ¥ksgsd`h cuh gksrh gß\

ekfd`Ûx (Marking);g ,d` VsfDud`¥ VeZ gS ftlds` }kjk tkWc d`h lrg

ij æq* lekUrj js[k,∑ [Óph tkrh gß\ oSÏYMx ækWi eÍtkWc ds` ˜ij lekUrj ¥kbuÍ ¥xkus ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[rvkStkj ^;ksx fd`, tkrs gß—

(i) LVh¥ Ô¥ (Steel Rule)—;g LVsu¥sl LVh¥ d`kcuk gksrk gS\ ;g 150 mm, 300 mm vkSj 600 mm rd`gksrk gS\

(ii) vkWM ¥Sx dS`f¥ij (Odd Leg Calliper)—;gekbYM LVh¥ d`k cuk gksrk gS rƒk blds` ofd`Ûx IokbUVds`l gkMZ gksrs gß\

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9788174829108 Author : P K Mishra

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/4599

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