Scientific production of top countries in the world 2010 by Farshid Danesh ISC Academic Member

Scientific production of top countries in the world 2010

by

Farshid Danesh

ISC Academic Member

October 2010

Islamic World Science Citation Center

ContentsIntroduction some considerations about Scientific Production

Data analysis

Introduction

The statistical analysis of scientific literature began in the first quarter of the 20th century by comparing the scientific productivity of several countries, based on the works published.

The interest was very low. The appearance in 1963 of the Science Citation Index database produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) constituted a turning point for scientists and managers all over the world.

The database provided an instrument of quantitative evaluation for studies regarding the development of science. The ISI started the database by collecting information from 2300 journals.

The term, bibliometrics, is defined as ‘the application of mathematical and statistical methods to books and other means of communication, which are mainly in charge of the management of libraries and documentation centers’, while scientometrics refers to ‘those quantitative methods which are used in the analysis of science regarded as a process of information’.

Although bibliometric and scientometrics methods are similar, scientometrics analyses the quantitative aspects of generation, dissemination and utilization of scientific information in order to contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of scientific research.

The number of scientific works published by a scientist is not enough to obtain significant statistical data in the scientometric evaluation of a scientific community.

These communities include research groups, departments of universities, institutions, corporations, societies, countries, geopolitical regions, scientific fields or subfields.

The primary scientific data of any scientometric investigation are represented by all the authors, their works, their bibliographical and the citations they receive.

At the national level, the data and resulting indicators suggest ways to compare scientific impact, output and

productivity with other countries and to justify federal spending on scientific research.

Bibliometrics and scientometrics are a set of methods for measuring the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge.

The evaluation of the performance of scientific research is the most important application of scientometrics.

Recently, interest grows in the use of scientometrics techniques for the measurement the efficiency and productivity of the research.

Derek de Solla Price and Vasilij Vasilevich Nalimov were the originators of the discipline, which they developed for the purpose of providing research tools to historians and sociologists of science.

Eugene Garfield, that the use of bibliometrics became widespread.

With their systematic archiving of articles from a selection of some of the most prestigious and most often cited scholarly journals, the Thomson ISI databases considerably reduce the effort required to carry out bibliometric analysis.

The field grew out the sociology of science, information science and library science, but it quickly carved out a place for itself in quantitative research evaluation.

Bibliometrics is based on two assumptions:

(1) the goal of researchers is to advance knowledge, and this means disseminating the results of their research and

studies through a variety of communication media, including writing, which lies at the core of the academic tradition;

(2) scholars have to publish in order to build a reputation and advance their careers.

A publication count is one means of measuring and comparing the production of various aggregates such as institutions, regions and countries.

It can also be used to evaluate output in individual disciplines,

such as philosophy and economics, and to track trends in research fields, collaborative research and many other aspects of research output.

bibliometric analyses can be conducted on manually compiled data, they are usually based on databases that in many cases exist primarily for bibliographic purposes.

The most commonly used databases in bibliometrics analyses are the ones produced by Thomson ISI. Established scholars select the journals to be covered in cooperation with users, publishers and members of editorial boards.

Selection criteria include publication frequency, compliance with international presentation conventions, existence of an English abstract, and a peer review committee.

The most bibliometric studies are based on one or more of the Thomson ISI databases: the (SCI), (SSCI), and (AHCI).

They are particularly useful for a number of reasons:Their primary advantage is coverage. They cover all research

fields, giving ready access to aggregated data.

The criterion for including a journal in SCI and SSCI is the number of citations it receives.

The Thomson ISI databases contain the institutional addresses for all authors of a given article. Other databases usually contain only the address of the first-named author.

Only the Thomson ISI databases contain citation information, which makes it possible to measure research impact.

At the same time, the Thomson ISI databases have some disadvantages:

First, their coverage is not as deep as some of the specialized databases.

Second, they are relatively costly to use because they are produced by a private company .

Third, they are not as suitable for SSH research as they are for research in the natural sciences.

Scientific Production

Scientific production refers to all the output resulting from research projects: publications, prototypes, patents, software applications, hardware, etc.

The scientific production is an important indicator of the development level in any country, being at the present moment quantified by the Institute for Scientific Information.

Take into consideration several aspects:

The scientific production of a university represents a fundamental component of the university mission.

The scientific production has an intangible and a tangible nature.

The evaluation of the scientific production is made at the present moment only at the tangible level.

The scientific production differs from one field to another.

Any university ranking based on the scientific production is relative.

Conclusions of this part …

The analysis of the scientific production is a difficult process and is done only at tangible level, at least for now.

The most used methods imply the number of scientific articles published in journals indexed in different databases (for example Science Citation Index).

However, there are different fields and the scientific production in each of those fields has some particularities, which need to be taken into consideration, in order to be realistic and as rigorous as possible.

Any ranking based on the scientific production is relative and its analysis makes sense only in the reference system defined from the beginning

Data Analysis

RankCountryNo. Of scientific production

1.USA>100,000

2.CHINA>100,000

3.ENGLAND91673

4.GERMANY90911

5.JAPAN76083

6.FRANCE62638

7.CANADA57867

8.ITALY53506

9.SPAIN44351

10.AUSTRALIA40237

11.SOUTH KOREA37559

12.INDIA37355

13.NETHERLANDS 31789

14.BRAZIL30308

15.Russia23479

Table1. Ranking of top 15 countries’ scientific production in 2010

Fig2. Fields Ranking based on No. of papers

Fig3. Fields Ranking based on No. of Citations

Table2. Scientific production of USA in 2010

Subject areasAuthorsSource titlesInstitutionsFunding Agencies

oncology (5125)WANG, Y (211

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2,094)

HARVARD UNIV (3,343)

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (4,232)

NEUROSCIENCES (4,380)WANG, J (174)

INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY (1,096)

UNIV MICHIGAN (1,980)

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (3,662)

BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (4,327ZHANG, Y (172)

JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE (857)

UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES (1,869)

NIH (3,439)

SURGERY (3,587)LEE, J (155)

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY (832)

UNIV WASHINGTON (1,855)

NSF (3,005)

CLINICAL NEUROLOGY (3,314)ZHANG, J (151)

VALUE IN HEALTH (794)

STANFORD UNIV (1,640)

NASA (945)

Table3. Scientific production of CHINA in 2010


MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (9,040)WANG, Y (1,590)

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E- STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE (932)

CHINESE ACAD SCI (13,819)

NATIONAL NATURAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF CHINA (27,637)

CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL (6,617)ZHANG, Y (1,568)

ACTA PHYSICA SINICA (913)

ZHEJIANG UNIV (3,565)

NATIONAL BASIC RESEARCH PROGRAM OF CHINA (5,240)

CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (6,469)LIU, Y (1,399)

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (757)

PEKING UNIV (3,291)

CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (3,054)

PHYSICS, APPLIED (5,095)LI, Y (1,386)CHINESE PHYSICS B (736)

SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV (3,138)

NSFC (2,992)

BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (4,188)WANG, J (1,230)

RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (601)

TSINGHUA UNIV (3,024)

NATURAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF CHINA (2,414)

Table4. Scientific production of ENGLAND in 2010


BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (3,231)

COOPER, C (111)PLOS ONE (1,074)

UNIV OXFORD (5,950)

WELLCOME TRUST (2,670)

NEUROSCIENCES (3,204)

WANG, Y (98)

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (598)

UNIV CAMBRIDGE (5,368)

EPSRC (2,597)

ONCOLOGY (3,001)

ZHANG, Y (96)

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY (551)UCL (5,297)

ROYAL SOCIETY (1,173)

MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL (3,000)LI, L (93)

RHEUMATOLOGY (459)

UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED (4,902)

MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (1,111)

PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY (2,648)LI, Y (90)

PHYSICAL REVIEW B (434)

UNIV MANCHESTER (4,132)

EU (951)

Table5. Scientific production of GERMANY in 2010


ONCOLOGY (4,213)

SCHMIDT, M (183)

PHYSICAL REVIEW B (1,118)

UNIV MUNICH (3,502)

DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCHAFT (5,625)


MULLER, M (172)PLOS ONE (951)

UNIV HEIDELBERG (3,196)

DFG (2,861)


MULLER, T (137)BLOOD (694)

TECH UNIV MUNICH (2,989)

DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCHAFT DFG (2,139)

MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (3,138)

SCHMIDT, A (125)ONKOLOGIE (648)CHARITE (2,139)

EU (1,283)

CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (3,072)

WAGNER, M (115)

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (599)

UNIV BONN (2,087)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (1,205)

Table6. Scientific production of JAPAN in 2010



SUZUKI, T (760)

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2,112)

UNIV TOKYO (7,012)

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION CULTURE SPORTS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF JAPAN (3,620)

PHYSICS, APPLIED (4,237)

TANAKA, T (616)

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH (1,570)

KYOTO UNIV (5,118)

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF SCIENCE (3,265)


YAMAMOTO, T (573)

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1,105)

OSAKA UNIV (4,246)

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION CULTURE SPORTS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY JAPAN (2,290)

PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY (3,624)

NAKAMURA, T (566)

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (1,073)

TOHOKU UNIV (3,945)

JSPS (1,669)


TAKAHASHI, H (548)S

ENDOCRINE JOURNAL (1,072)

KYUSHU UNIV (2,706)

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF SCIENCE JSPS (1,627)

Table7. Scientific production of FRANCE in 2010


ONCOLOGY (2,634)

RAOULT, D (152)PLOS ONE (988)CNRS (6,081)

CNRS (1,593)


HUGHES, RE (79)


UNIV PARIS 06 (3,491)

ANR (976)


WINER, BL (79)BLOOD (465)INSERM (3,308)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (903)

CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL (2,240)

MARTIN, A (76)

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (396)


AGENCE NATIONALE DE LA RECHERCHE (755)


ZHANG, Y (72)

FUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (388)


EUROPEAN UNION (687)

Table8. Scientific production of CANADA in 2010

Subject areasAuthorsSource titlesInstitutions

Funding Agencies


WANG, L (100)PLOS ONE (634)

UNIV TORONTO (8,144)

NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA (2,947)


ZHANG, Y (88)

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (404)

UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA (5,154)

NSERC (2,292)

ONCOLOGY (2,117)WANG, Y (85)

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY- REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE (393)

MCGILL UNIV (4,447)

CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH (2,261)

CLINICAL NEUROLOGY (2,025)LIU, Y (79)

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (368)

UNIV ALBERTA (3,926)

NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA NSERC (1,770)

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (1,552)

WANG, J (78)BLOOD (352)

MCMASTER UNIV (2,749)

CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH CIHR (893)

Table9. Scientific production of ITALY in 2010


ONCOLOGY (3,274)

ROSSI, M (134)

HAEMATOLOGICA- THE HEMATOLOGY JOURNAL (664)

UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA (3,287

MIUR (959)

HEMATOLOGY (2,594)

ROSSI, G (126)BLOOD (501)

UNIV MILAN (3,175



ROSSI, A (118)PLOS ONE (498)

UNIV PADUA (3,090)

EU (726)


MARTINELLI, G (116)

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (355)CNR (3,074)


CLINICAL NEUROLOGY (1,968)

ROSSI, F (113)

EJC SUPPLEMENTS (337)

UNIV BOLOGNA (2,882)

EUROPEAN COMMUNITY (514)

Table10. Scientific production of SPAIN in 2010



RODRIGUEZ, A (139)PLOS ONE (404)CSIC (4,500)

SPANISH MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION (1,204)


MARTINEZ, A (113)

MEDICINA CLINICA (328)

UNIV BARCELONA (2,720)

SPANISH MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE (972)

ONCOLOGY (1,458)

FERNANDEZ, A (110)


UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA (1,807)

MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACION (753)


MARTIN, A (104)

HAEMATOLOGICA- THE HEMATOLOGY JOURNAL (229)

UNIV VALENCIA (1,740)

FEDER (750)

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (1,287)

PELLICER, A (96)

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (227)

UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID (1,429)


Table11. Scientific production of AUSTRALIA in 2010


MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL (1,393)

MITCHELL, P (74)

MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA (486)

UNIV SYDNEY (4,555)

AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH COUNCIL (3,397)

NEUROSCIENCES (1,365)LI, J (73)PLOS ONE (417)

UNIV MELBOURNE (4,518)

NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF AUSTRALIA (877)

PSYCHIATRY (1,336)

WONG, TY (69)

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING (168)

UNIV QUEENSLAND (3,873)

AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH COUNCIL ARC (533)


FROST, RL (67)BLOOD (147)

MONASH UNIV (3,174)

NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (517)

CLINICAL NEUROLOGY (1,169

ZHANG, Y (67)

ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (143)

UNIV NEW S WALES (3,131)

NHMRC (492)

Table12. Scientific production of SOUTH KOREA in 2010



KIM, JH (1,468)

JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY (492)

SEOUL NATL UNIV (5,111)

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2,034)

PHYSICS, APPLIED (2,654)

LEE, JH (1,245)

BULLETIN OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (473)

YONSEI UNIV (3,238)

KOREAN GOVERNMENT (1,059)

CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (2,291)KIM, J (1,138)

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (299)

KOREA UNIV (2,598)

KOREA GOVERNMENT MEST (1,012)

ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC (2,220)

KIM, SH (1,132)

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (284)

SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIV (2,256)

KOREAN GOVERNMENT MOEHRD (740)


LEE, SH (1,072)

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (270)

KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL (1,725)

KOREA RESEARCH FOUNDATION (626)

Table13. Scientific production of INDIA in 2010



KUMAR, A (669)

CURRENT SCIENCE (468)

INDIAN INST TECHNOL (3,208)

CSIR (724)


KUMAR, S (523)

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E- STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE (398)

INDIAN INST SCI (1,118)

CSIR NEW DELHI (690)


KUMAR, R (431)

ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (375)

ALL INDIA INST MED SCI (865)

DST (482)

CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC (1,559)

SINGH, S (365)

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (271)CSIR (824)

UGC (381)


SHARMA, A (265)

INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES (253)

BHABHA ATOM RES CTR (819)

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (349)

Table14. Scientific production of NETHERLANDS in 2010


ONCOLOGY (1,716)BAX, JJ (129)PLOS ONE (448)

UNIV AMSTERDAM (3,582)



HOFMAN, A (112)BLOOD (262)

LEIDEN UNIV (3,123)

NETHERLANDS ORGANIZATION FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH NWO (520)

HEMATOLOGY (1,230)

SCHALIJ, MJ (80)

EJC SUPPLEMENTS (248)

RADBOUD UNIV NIJMEGEN (2,762)

EU (516)

CLINICAL NEUROLOGY (1,210)

SCHUBERT, US (77)CIRCULATION (217)

UNIV GRONINGEN (2,518)


CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS (1,144)

KAHN, RS (69)


UNIV UTRECHT (2,499)

NETHERLANDS ORGANIZATION FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (332)

Table15. Scientific production of BRAZIL in 2010



TUFIK, S (52)

HISTOPATHOLOGY (402)

UNIV SAO PAULO (6,375)

CNPQ (3,934)

VETERINARY SCIENCES (1,034)

KAPCZINSKI, F (50)CIENCIA RURAL (316)

UNIV ESTADUAL CAMPINAS (2,108)

CAPES (2,030)


SOARES, FA (50)

ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE OFTALMOLOGIA (265)

UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO (1,769)

FAPESP (1,872)

PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (958)

WARDELL, JL (45)QUIMICA NOVA (265)

UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL (1,617)

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLOGICO CNPQ (1,338)

NEUROSCIENCES (934)

PEREIRA, AC (44)

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA- BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (252)

UNIV FED SAO PAULO (1,490)

FUNDACAO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SAO PAULO FAPESP (824)

Table15. Scientific production of RUSSIA in 2010


PHYSICS, APPLIED (1,545)LIU, F (62)

DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES (352)

RUSSIAN ACAD SCI (10,233)

RUSSIAN FOUNDATION FOR BASIC RESEARCH (5,597)

PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (1,437)LIU, C (59)

RUSSIAN CHEMICAL BULLETIN (336)

MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV (2,483)

RFBR (1,124)

PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER (1,409)LIU, H (58)

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY (309)RAS (848)

RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (779)


BANERJEE, S (56)


ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIV (689)

PRESIDIUM OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (606)


IVANOV, A (56)

BULLETIN OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (285)

RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI (556)

RUSSIAN FEDERATION (336)

Fig1. Ranking of Countries based on No. of articles

Thank you so much for your attention

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Scientific production of top countries in the world 2010 by Farshid Danesh ISC Academic Member