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School Organization and Finance
EDN200
Today’s Plan
• Small group work – discuss school funding articles
• School Organization and Finance– KEY QUESTIONS
• Funding Activity
• Review Research Presentation
• Research Presentation Sign-Up
Small Group Work
1. Quick summary of the article
2. Your insight or takeaway from the piece
3. Why should we care?
5 Major Questions
• Who do teachers work for?
• Where do schools get their money?
• Is school funding equal?
• What are the effects of unequal funding?
• Where does the money go?
Question #1
•Who do teachers work for?
Students & Parents
Teachers
Students & Parents
Teachers
School Principal
SuperintendentAssistant
Superintendents
Students & Parents
Teachers
School Principal
SuperintendentAssistant Superintendents
School Boardelected/appointed
State Department of Education
Students & Parents
Teachers
School Principal
SuperintendentAssistant Superintendents
School Boardelected/appointed
State Department of Education
State Superintendent/Chief State School Officer
State Board of Education
Governor/Legislature/Courts
Question #2
•Where do schools get their money?
Dollars Spent On Public Education in the U.S. (2002/2003)
• $440 billion total
State57%
Local34%
Federal9%
Primarily Property Taxes
Sales and Income
Taxes, Lottery, other
Federal Spending• $586.1 billion (+7.0%) - Social Security • $466.0 billion (+4.0%) - Defense • $394.5 billion (+12.4%) - Medicare • $367.0 billion (+2.0%) - Unemployment and welfare • $276.4 billion (+2.9%) - Medicaid and other health related • $243.7 billion (+13.4%) - Interest on debt • $89.9 billion (+1.3%) - Education and training • $76.9 billion (+8.1%) - Transportation • $72.6 billion (+5.8%) - Veterans' benefits • $43.5 billion (+9.2%) - Administration of justice • $33.1 billion (+5.7%) - Natural resources and environment • $32.5 billion (-15.4%) - Foreign affairs • $27.0 billion (+3.7%) - Agriculture • $26.8 billion (+28.7%) - Community and regional development • $25.0 billion (+4.0%) - Science and technology • $20.1 billion (+11.4%) - General government • $1.1 billion (-47.6%) - Energy
Question #3
• Is school funding equal?
Not equal across states
$8,554
12,100
5,090
6,800
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
U.S.Average
NewYork
Utah NorthCarolina
NC per pupil funding is 39th out of 50 U.S. States National School Boards Association, 2005
It continues to rise
Not equal within NC
• Hyde County - $14,975
•Source, NCPS Statistical Profile
• Davidson County - $6,139
A difference of $8,836
Question #4
•What are the effects of unequal funding?
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
• High Profile Indicator of School Success - Test Scores– High Test Scores Drive Up Property Values– High Property Values Increase Tax Base– Increased Tax Base Yields Greater Per Pupil
Expenditures• More enrichment programs, greater resources, smaller classes,
more personnel, more subjects, more counselors, more fieldtrips, more, more, more
– More of Everything Leads to Increased Test Scores– Repeat the Cycle
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy - In Reverse• Low Performing Districts Serving Larger Numbers of Students
Below State Averages• Property Values Decline or Don’t Keep Pace with Neighboring
Districts (Tax Rate Increases)• Tax Base Doesn’t Keep Up with District Costs
– Increased salaries, health care, testing, etc.– Per pupil expenditures reduced
• Reduced funding leads to fewer extracurricular activities, less resources
• Less of everything has negative impact on test scores and/or change in instructional focus
• Repeat the Cycle - Less Money for those kids most in need
Question #5
•Where does the money go?
An Example
• New Hanover Public Schools
Salaries
Benefits
Supp/Materials
Services
Equipment
65% salaries
15% benefits
10% supplies/materials
10% services
.1% equipment
Why is money an ineffective way to measure district commitment to schools?
• % of students with special needs (receiving support services) varies widely
• School maintenance/construction costs vary (location, age of buildings)
• Personnel experience varies widely (Teacher Salaries 28K – 66K in NC)
• Central Office/Administrative Staff vary across districts
• Class Size/Building Capacity Issues
ANY QUESTIONS?
Research Presentation
• Review Presentation Rubric
Sign Up For Presentations