Make the most of your energySM

Schneider Electric Engineering Services Enhance the safety and reliability of your power system.

Industry-Leading Expertise to Address All of Your Power System Needs

Any brand. Any industry. Any time.

For more than 40 years, Schneider Electric Engineering Services has completed over 10,000 power system assessments, studies, and designs for our customers, who include:

Communications•AT&T• BellTelephone•GTE• PacificBell

Data Centers• Lowe's•M&TBank• TheHartford®

•MayoClinic• SouthernCaliforniaEdison

• EMC®

Educational• DukeUniversity®

•HarvardUniversity• KansasUniversity•OhioStateUniversity• PennState®University• TexasA&M• TexasTech•UniversityofIllinois• UniversityofKentucky•UniversityofSouthCarolina

Educational (cont.)

• UniversityofTexas®

• UniversityofWashington

•WichitaStateUniversity

• VanderbiltUniversity

Food & Beverage•Coca-Cola®Company•GeneralFoods• KraftFoods•NabiscoFoods• Pepsi®Cola• SaraLee®

•Nestlé®

Government•CampPendleton• FAA• Ft.Campbell• IRS• LosAlamosNationalLabs

• Pentagon• SocialSecurityAdmin.• U.S.FederalCourthouse

•U.S.PostalService™

•WrightPattersonAFB

Healthcare• VAHospital(variousfacilities)

•MassachusettsGeneralHospital

• BarnesJewishHospital

Manufacturing•3M™Company•BoeingAircraft• CaterpillarInc.•MartinMarietta• LockheedMartin• KimberlyClarkCorp.•Dell™ComputerCorp.• IBM®Corp.• Intel®Corp.• LucentTechnologies•Motorola• Samsung• TexasInstruments™

• Xerox®Corp.

Oil & Gas• ExxonMobil™

• Shell•BP•OXY•Chevron

Pharmaceutical• AstraZeneca• Johnson&Johnson•Merck• Pfizer•GlaxoSmithKline• BaxterHealthcare•Wyeth•Cordis• DePuy

Utility•CommonwealthEdison•NorthernStatesPower• SouthernIndianaGasandElectric

• SunflowerElectric• TVA• ProgressEnergy•OrlandoUtilities

Water Treatment•WWTPColumbus• LTCWWTPPh2• PelhamWWTPExpansion

• FourMileCreekWWTP

Automotive•Chrysler•HondaofAmerica• ToyotaMotorManufacturing

• FordMotorCompany•GeneralMotorsCorp.

Chemical• PfizerInc.• UnionCarbide• INVISTA• INEOS• AirProducts

Commercial• Disney®Corp.•HomeDepot•HyattRegency®

• J.C.Penney• Sears• Kroger•McDonald’sCorp.•WinnDixie• UPS®Corp.• FoodLion•MercantileStores

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Schneider Electric Engineering Services can address all of your power system requirements to help ensure safe, reliable, and continuous power.

Our value to you: Wehaveover150strategically-locatedprofessionalengineerswhoarecollectively registered in every stateoftheU.S.tomeetstatelicensingrequirements

Ourprofessionalengineershavein-depthknowledgeofpowerdistributionandcontrolequipmentwithadvancedexpertiseofcalculationmethodsaswellasindustrycodesandstandards

» ManyofourengineersareleadersinIEEE,NFPA,andotherpowersystemstandard-makingorganizations

Ourteamhasestablishedstandardizedmethodologiestocompletestudies,analyses,andassessments,alongwithuniformreportingstandardsnationwide

Weprovidefull-scopepowersystemengineeringsupportandsolutions

» Includescorrectiveactionrecommendationstomitigatefuturepowersystemissues

Since 1966, we’ve completed thousands of power system designs and analyses for our customers throughout the U.S. You can count on us for consistent engineering studies and designs, thanks to our comprehensive Engineering Standards. These standards are in place so that all projects for your facilities are executed using the same processes and systems no matter how many locations you have.

We are focused on helping facilities manage their energy and solve complex power system issues that may involve equipment, automation, or the utility. Our capabilities include:

Solutions for OSHA and NFPA 70E Compliance

Power System Assessment Services

Power System Analytical Studies

Power System Design and Upgrades

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Solutions for OSHA and NFPA 70E ComplianceEnhance the safety and reliability of your power system beginning with an arc flash risk assessment.

TheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)mandatesthatworkonelectricalequipmentmustbeperformedinamannerthatdoesnotexposetheworkertoundueriskofinjury.OSHAenforceselectricalworkplacesafetystandardsoutlinedintheNationalFireProtectionAssociation’sNFPA70E:StandardforElectricalSafetyintheWorkplace®.

SchneiderElectric™EngineeringServicesadvocatescompliancetoNFPA70Enotonlyforworkersafety,butalsoequipmentproductivity.Anarcflashaccidentcanrenderequipmentunusableandplacethefacilityinacostlydowntimemode.Basiccomplianceisestablishedwitha five-step process;a sixth stepassiststhefacilityownerwithfinetuningtheelectricalpowersystem,bothforsafetyandoperability.

Step 1

Develop and Audit an Electrical Safe Work Practices (ESWP) Policy.

TheESWPpolicyincludestopicssuchaslockout/tagoutprocedures,methodofqualifyingworkers,selectionandapplicationofpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE),methodsofestablishingasafeworkarea,arcflashandshockprotectioncalculations,andequipmentlabeling.

Italsodefinestherequirementsforsafeworkpracticesandrequiresauditsonatleastathree-yearcycle.Ifauditsdeterminethattheprinciplesandproceduresoftheelectricalsafetyprogramarenotbeingfollowedbytheworkers,appropriaterevisionstothetrainingprogramortotheproceduresshallbemade.

Step 2

Conduct an Arc Flash Risk Assessment to Determine the Present Degree of Arc Flash Hazards and Apply Associated Equipment Labeling.

Anarcflashhazardanalysismustbeupdatedwhenamajorrenovationormodificationtakesplace.Ataminimum,itshouldbereviewedeveryfiveyearsbecausechangesintheelectricaldistributionsystemcouldaffectthecalculatedincidentenergylevels.Additionally,equipmentthatislikelytobeexamined,adjusted,serviced,ormaintainedwhileenergizedmustbefield-markedwithalabelcontainingspecificinformationpertainingtoshockandarcflashprotection.Thecalculationmethodanddatatosupporttheinformationforthelabelshallbedocumented.

ThemethodologyforconductinganarcflashanalysisisoutlinedinIEEE1584™GuideforPerformingArc-FlashHazardCalculations.Ourpowersystemengineeringteamisstaffedwithprofessionalengineersandprojectmanagerstoassureaneffectivearcflashriskassessmentandlabelingareperformedwithminimalintrusiontoyourprocesses.

Arc flash label

Step 3

Ensure Adequate Supplies of PPE and Proper Tools.

EmployeesworkinginareaswheretherearepotentialelectricalhazardsmustbeprovidedPPEthatisappropriateforthespecificpartsofthebodytobeprotected.Additionalrequirementsincludeproperly-ratedequipmenttotestvoltagesandinsulatedtoolsforworkerswhoperformtestingandtroubleshootingonenergizedequipment.

Fact:Overthelasttenyears,morethan30,000workershavebeeninjuredinworkplaceelectricalaccidents.

Source: Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI)

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Step 4

Conduct Regular Safety Training and Employee Assessments.

ElectricalworkersarenotconsideredtobequalifiedbyOSHAuntiltheyhavereceivedsafetytrainingspecifictothehazardsofarcflash,arcblast,shock,andelectrocution.Further,theemployermustverify,throughregularsupervisionorinspection(conductedatleastonannualbasis)thateachworkercomplieswiththesafety-relatedworkpracticesrequiredbyNFPA70E.

OurtrainingdepartmentisstaffedwithOSHAAuthorizedOutreachTrainerstohelpensureyouremployeesareformallytrainedandawareofelectricalhazardspertheregulatoryrequirements.

Step 5

Maintain All Electrical Distribution System Components.

Unlessadequatemaintenanceisperformed,overcurrentprotectivedevicesmaynotfunctionandtheelectricalsystemstudyandthearcflashanalysismaynotbeacorrectrepresentationofthepotentialperformanceofthepowersystem.

Ourqualifiedfieldservicespersonnelperformon-sitepreventiveandpredictivemaintenanceservicesforanymanufacturer’selectricalequipment.Uponcompletion,adetailedreportisprovidedthatidentifiespotentialissuesalongwithcorrectiverecommendations.

Step 6

Follow Strategies to Reduce and Control Arc Flash Hazards.

Thisstepiscrucialinoptimizingthesafetyandperformanceofthepowersystem.Thegoalofarcflashmitigationistoreducethearcflashenergy,andthusthePPE,toalevelthatpermitsnormaltaskstobeperformedonequipment.

ArcflashmitigationhasbeenarapidlydevelopingareaofresearchanddevelopmentforSchneiderElectric.Wecanhelpyouchoosethemostcost-efficientalternativetoreducearcflashenergyandimproveworkersafety.

Power System Design and UpgradesMeet requirements for the most challenging design and upgrade projects.

Servingcustomersineveryindustrysegment—fromdatacenterstosteelmills—ourportfolioofdesignandconstructionprojectsincludes:

•Substationsolutions

•Switchgearmodernization

•Controlandprotectionsystemupgrades

•Generatorbackupdesignandconstruction

•Powerfactorcorrectionandfilterdesign

•Highresistancegroundingconversions

Projectscanbecustomizedfrombasicdesignconsultationtofeasibilitystudiestoacompleteturnkeysolution.

Substation SolutionsSchneiderElectricEngineeringServicesservesutilitiesandindustrialfacilitieswithindustry-leadingproductsandservices.Wehavetheresourcestomeetallaspectsofyoursubstationconstruction,remodeling,and/orexpansionneeds.Ourdedicateddesignservicesteam,staffedwithprofessionalengineers,hasspecializedexpertiseinallaspectsofpowerequipmentdesignandconstruction.Bycombiningourdesignserviceswithengineeringanalysis,weareabletoprovideyouwithacompleteengineeredsolution.

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Our capabilities include:• Physicallayoutanddesignoftheinstallation

•Codesandstandardsevaluation

• Analyticalstudies

• Equipmentinstallationandcommissioning

Ourcapabilitiesincludedesignandconstructionservicesupto345kV:

•Projectmanagement•Substationlayout,elevationdrawings,oilcontainment

•Civilandstructural•Equipmentsizingandspecification•Protectionandcontrolsystemdesign•Controlhousedesign•Conduitandtrenchdesign•Powerfactorcorrectionandharmonicfilterdesign•Groundingsystemdesign•Utilitycoordinationandregulatoryapproval•Commissioningservices•Turnkeyinstallation•Substationserviceandrepair

Wealsohavesignificantexperienceinconstructingmulti-megawattsolarphotovoltaicgeneratingstations.Ourapproachtothedesignofthesolarcollectorsystem,theDCdistribution,andtheassociatedgrid-tiesubstationbalancescost,reliability,andperformance.Theendresultisaneconomicallyviableandproductiverenewableenergysolution.Coupledwithourprovenprojectmanagementexperience,SchneiderElectricprovidescompleteengineering,procurement,andconstructionservicesforsolarphotovoltaicgeneratingstations.

Switchgear Modernization and UpgradesModernizationsolutionsfromSchneiderElectricwillupgradeyourexistingswitchgearormotorcontrolcenterstocurrenttechnology.Ourmodernizationandupgradesolutionsaredesignedtominimizedowntime,improvereliability,andextendthelifeofyourequipment.Inaddition,ourdetailedscopeofworkhelpstoensuretheoptimumsolutionforyourfacilityandincludes:

•On-siteengineeringassessmentbyaprofessionalengineer

•Assessmentoftheexistingmaintenanceandrepairpractices

•Evaluationoffacility’spresentandfuturerequirements

•Codesandstandardscompliancereview•Selectionofequipmentandupgradeoptions•Billsofmaterial,drawings,andspecificationstofacilitateprocurementandinstallation

•Start-upandcommissioningservices

Protection, Control, and Automation Oursolutionstoupgradeprotectiverelayingandcontrolsystemsareapplicableto:

•Switchgearwithelectromechanicalrelays

» Digitalmicroprocessor-basedrelaysenhancefunctionality,simplifymaintenance,andincreasereliability

•Arcflashreductiontechnologies

» Includesadditionofvirtualmain,lightsensingrelaytechnology,andzoneselectiveinterlocksystems

•RiskAssessment—Identifyvulnerabilitiesincriticalpowercontrolsystemsandproviderecommendationstomitigaterisk.

•PreventiveMaintenance—Validateoperationofexistingsystem,replaceexpiredorobsoletecomponents.

•Retrofit—Installintelligentcontrolsinlegacyswitchgear.

•CommissioningServices—Developsequenceofoperation,methodofprocedures,commissioningchecklists.

Asaturnkeyoffer,wetakeresponsibilityfortheoverallprojectincludingdatacollection,analysis,installation,andcommissioning.Theresultisawell-designedandcommissionedsystemthatwilldeliverimprovedreliabilityandoperationalefficiency.

Generator Backup Design and ConnectionSchneiderElectricEngineeringServicesdeliversturnkeygeneratorconnectionsolutionsforbothyournormalandyouremergencypowersystems.Permanentgeneratorsenhancepowersystemreliabilityandarerequiredinhealthcareandcriticaloperationfacilities.Bothnewinstallationandupgradesolutionsareavailable.Partnerwithustomaximizeyourreturnoninvestment.

Power Factor Correction and Filter DesignPowerqualitycorrectionequipmentistypicallyjustifiedonthebasisofreducingpowerfactorpenaltieschargedbytheutility.Ourturnkeyservicesincludedesignengineering,procurement,andinstallationofpowerfactorcorrectionandharmonicfilteringequipmentfrom480Vto345kV.Usingpowerqualitymonitoringdevices,ourengineerswillevaluatetheharmonicandtransientenvironmentinyourfacilitytoensuretheequipmentisproperlysizedandapplied.

Power System Design and Upgrades (cont.)

Our design services extend from the transmission line to the motors and equipment in your facility.

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High Resistance Grounding (HRG) Conversions Usedinfacilitieswithcontinuous,uninterruptedpowerrequirements,HRGpowersystemsmayallownon-stopoperationduringagroundfault.Facilitieswithungrounded(delta)electricpowersystemsoftenexperienceequipmentdamage,excessivevoltagetransients,andhighmaintenancecostsassociatedwithgroundfaults.ConvertingtoHRGcanalleviatethedamagecausedbygroundfaults.Ourpowersystemengineerswillassess,design,andapplypowersystemconversionsusingcomponent-basedorpackagedHRGsystems.

Power System Assessment ServicesProvide a roadmap to optimize future capital and operational expenditures.

Power Quality Analysis

Technologiessuchasvariablespeeddrives(VSD)androboticweldersaredesignedtolowerenergycosts,buttheyalsocangiverisetounwantedharmonicsandtransientswithinanelectricalsystem.Capacitorswitching,motorstarting,andgroundfaultswithintheutilityinfrastructurecanalsocausetransients.Theresultmaybeonlyanannoyanceorashutdownthatcancosthundredsofthousandsofdollars.Anyofthefollowingcanindicateapowerqualityissue:

•VariablespeeddrivestrippingfornoapparentreasonorVSDdamage

•Damageordisruptionoftheelectronicnetwork;noiseorhumoncommunication/datacircuits

•Controlsystemsunabletoholdaprocess

•Blinkinglightsconcurrentwithequipmentdisruption

•Simultaneousdisruptionordamagetoequipmentindifferentlocationswithinthefacility

•Damageorhighcountsonsurgesuppressors

•Prematurelamporballastburnout

•Unknownpowerdisturbances

Ourregisteredprofessionalengineerswilldocumentthesymptoms,examinedamagedequipment,assessthepowerandgroundinginthearea,collectdatausingtemporarymonitors,anddevelopareportoffindingsthatidentifiesthemostprobablecause.Thereportwillincludecost-effectivemitigationrecommendationstopreventfutureoccurrencesoftheproblem.

Power System Grounding EvaluationLackofpropergroundingtranslatesintoanincreasedchanceoffire,dataandequipmentlosses,processanomalies,plantshutdowns,andworkplacesafetyhazards.Componentsofagroundingsystemaresubjecttocorrosionduetoelectrochemical,electrolytic,orchemicalreactions.Infact,ifthesystemhasbeeninplacelongenough,agroundgridcanbecompletelyconsumed.Facilitiesthathavesensitiveelectronicequipmentareparticularlyvulnerabletodisruptions.

SchneiderElectricpowersystemengineerswilldevelopascopeofworktoaddressyourareasofconcern,whichmayincludethefollowingevaluations:

1. Groundingsystemandthegroundgridatthemainswitchyardincludingtheswitchgearroom

2. Groundingsystemattheserviceentranceequipment,generators,generatorpanels,andautomatictransferswitches(whereused)

3. Groundingelectrodesystemandbondingmethods,includingthestructuralmetalused

4. Groundfaultprotectionequipment

5. Lightningprotectionsystem(NFPA780)andsurgeprotectionapplication

6. Sensitiveequipmentgroundingrequirements

Assessmentservicesarecustomizedbasedonyourneedtoreducerisktoyourfacilityfrom:

• reliabilityissues

• processdisruptions

• codeviolations

• outdatedworkplacesafetyrequirements

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Wewilldocumentthebaselineconditionofyourgroundingandsurgeprotectionsystems.Correctiveactionrecommendationsareprovidedtoimprovetheexistinggroundingsystemsandtocomplywithcurrentelectricalcodesandstandards.

Equipment Condition Evaluation, Risk Assessment, and Contingency PlanningElectricaldistributionequipmentissubjecttodegradationduetoage,environmentalstresses,andheat.Ourprofessionalengineersproduceabasic*equipmentconditionevaluationbyvisuallyinspectingtheequipmentduringawalk-throughofthefacility.Foreachnon-optimumconditionidentifiedduringtheequipmentconditionassessment,ameasureofriskcanbedefined.

A more detailed evaluation, which is performed by removing equipment covers, is most economically accomplished during the data collection phase of an arc flash study.

Example of Impact to a FacilityTheimpactofatransformerlossservingahospital’sservicearea(kitchen,house-keeping,etc.)wouldbequitedifferent—andalowerprioritytorestore—thantheimpactoncriticalcareareas(operatingrooms,ICU,emergency,etc.)

Risktothefacilityisdeterminedbythecombinationoffourfactors:

1. Theimpactoftheoccurrencetokeyprocesselements

2. Thesafetyhazardtoelectricalworkers

3. Theprobabilityofanoccurrence

4. Theabilitytorespondquicklytocorrectthenegativeeffectsoftheoccurrence(vulnerability)

ResultsoftheriskassessmentareenteredintoaHazardVulnerabilityAnalysistable,whichprioritizesthefindingsaccordingtothetotalrisktothefacility.

Acontingencyplanidentifiesapowersystem'skeycomponents(majorassets)andevaluatesavailablealternatives,incaseofamajorassetloss.Italsoproducesanactionplantobeimplementedshouldamajorlossoccur.

Equipmentevaluation,riskanalysis,andcontingencyplanningarethreeseparateassessmentactivitiesthatmaybecombined.

Finding Location Equipment Deficiency Action Patient Impact

Safety Hazard Probability Vulnerability

Risk Hazard Grade

Cost

1 Basement

MSB,MSB1,T1,T2,andgenerator

Fire/explosioninswitchgearroomwillcauselossofpowerfordays

Portablegeneratorwithtempwiringtoemergencyloads

5 4 3 5 300 $40,000

2 Basement TransfT1 Transformernearendoflife

Replacetransformerbeforefailure

5 3 4 5 300 $60,000

3 Basement TransfT2 Transformernearendoflife

Replacetransformerbeforefailure

5 3 4 5 300 $60,000

4 Basement SF6switches

LOTOdangertagimproperlyapplied

Replacewithoperatingtags 2 5 5 5 250 $0

5 Basement TransfT3 Excessivedust(potentialfailure) Cleanandtest 4 3 4 5 240 $2,000

6 Basement TransfT4 Excessivedust(potentialfailure) Cleanandtest 4 3 4 5 240 $2,000

7 Penthouse MTS1 Highdirtlevel(potentialfault)

Cleanbuses,switches;inspect 4 3 4 4 192 $1,500

8 Penthouse MTS2 Wiringunknown Documentwiring 4 3 4 4 192 $500

9 Thirdfloor LP3Busplug

Insulationabrasionandimproperbendradius

Replaceconductor 3 4 4 3 144 $2,000

A Hazard Vulnerability Analysis provides valuable information to help facility management plan future capital and operational expenditures.

Power System Assessment Services (cont.)

Sample: Hazard Vulnerability Analysis for a Hospital

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4.16 kV

LOAD BANK

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480 V 480 V

GENGEN

UPS MODS

480 V

Short Circuit Study

HarmonicStudy

MotorStarting Study

LoadFlowStudy

Ground Grid Analysis

Reliability Study

Arc Flash Analysis

Generator Stability Study

Switching Transient Study

Coordination Study

Motor Starter5.6 CAL/CM2Category 2

SC Duty: 18,200 A SYMEquipment Pass

5,200 kW85% PF

H1: 1,520 AH5: 250 AH7: 100 AI THD: 17%

MV R-1

TX Inrush

TX-1

MV R-1

MV F-1

SUB 21 MAIN

SUB 21 BR-1

TX-1

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MV F-1

SUB 21 MAIN

SUB 21 BR-1

TX-1TVA

MV R-1

MV F-1

SUB 21 MAIN

S

P

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SUB 21

SUB 21 BR-1

Switchgear Automation

Generator Control

The production of a modern power system study includes a data collection phase, power system modeling, analysis, and the development of the engineering report. Schneider Electric Engineering Services offers a broad range of power system studies.

Power System Analytical StudiesFine-tune your electrical system for optimal operation.

There’smoretomanaginganelectricalsystemthantroubleshootingproblems.Italsoinvolvesidentifyingpotentialissuesandeithereliminatingormitigatingtheireffects.Theanalysisanddiagnosisofanyengineeredsystemguardsagainstimpropersystemoperationandthepossibilityofcatastrophiclosses.Managinganelectricalsystemandtheenergyitdeliversrequires:

•Acomprehensiveunderstandingofthesystem’snormalandabnormaloperation

•Knowledgeofawidevarietyofequipment•Thesuccessfulapplicationofindustrycodesandstandards

Ouranalyticalstudieshelpensureyourelectricalsystemoperatesasitwasdesignedandintended.Eachstudyincludesadetailedreportoffindingsalongwithcorrectiverecommendationstohelpmaximizethereliabilityandoperationalefficiencyofyoursystem.

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Protective device time-current coordination analysisThegoalsofaprotectivedevicetime-currentcoordinationanalysisareto:

•Providepowerequipmentwiththerequiredprotection

•Minimizeserviceinterruptionunderoverloadorshortcircuitconditions

Thisanalysisevaluatesanelectricalsystem’sprotectivedevices,includingrelays,fuses,andcircuitbreakers,andtheequipmenttowhichtheyareapplied.

Thefinalreportincludessuggestedsettingsforalladjustabledevices.Compositelog-logcharacteristiccurvesillustratingtheresultingprotectionandsystemcoordinationarealsoprovided.

Benefits•Minimizessystemdowntimeandnuisancedeviceoperations

• Increasessystemprotectionandreducesequipmentdamage

• Isolatesfaultycircuitswithoutlossofpowertootherpartsofthesystem

•Optimizestheprotectivedevicesettingforreliabilityandarcflashprotection

Short circuit analysisThisanalysiscalculatesthefaultcurrentlevelsthroughouttheelectricalnetwork.Theinterruptingdutiesofthedevicesbeinganalyzedarecomparedwiththeavailablefaultcurrents.Whereunderratedequipmentisidentified,recommendationsareprovidedtohelpyoucomplywithindustrycodesandstandards.

Thefinalreportincludestablescomparingshortcircuitlevelstotheratingoftheequipmentwithrecommendationsforimprovements.Acomputer-generatedsingle-linediagramofthedistributionsystemisalsoprovided.

Benefits•Reducessystemdowntime

•Addressesconcernsaboutunderratedormisappliedequipment

•Minimizesoreliminatesequipmentdamage

•Promoteselectricalworkplacesafety

Load flow analysisAloadflowanalysisaddressespresentelectricalsystemdeficienciesoridentifiessystemrequirementstomeetfuturedemand.Specifically,it:

•Optimizesloadingoftheelectricaldistributionequipment

•Establishesreactivepowerflowsneededtostabilizebusvoltages

•Determinestransformertapsettings

Ourloadflowexpertstranslatedesignloaddataorfieldmeasurementsintoanaccuratesystemmodel.Keysystemparametersarethencalculatedandtheresultsofvariousscenariosaredistilledintoeasy-to-understandtabulations.

Benefits•Minimizesdowntimebystabilizingsystemvoltages

•Prevents(orcorrects)overloadedtransformersandconductors

•Optimizesequipmentutilizationbyevenlydistributingplantload

•Preventsload-relatednuisancetripping

• Improvespowerfactorandavoidspowerfactorpenaltiesfromutility

Harmonic analysisHarmonicscausepowerqualityproblemsthatcanreducesystemefficiencyandincreaseoperatingcosts.Foundtraditionallyinindustrialprocesses,harmonicsarenowpresentinbothcommercialandindustrialfacilitiesduetotheproliferationofnon-linearloads(powerelectronicequipment,variablespeeddrives,andswitched-modepowersupplies).

Theharmonicanalysisresultsarepresentedineasy-to-understandtables.Explanationsareprovidedtohighlighttheissuesuncovered.

Benefits•Preventsequipmentoverheating

•Allowsseamlessinteractionbetweenloadsandgenerators

•Reducesoreliminatesundesirablevoltagedistortionlevels

•ComplieswithIEEE519harmoniclimits

Motor starting analysisStartinglargemotorsacrossthelinecancauseseveredisturbancestothemotorandanylocallyconnectedloads.Themostsignificanteffectisthevoltagesag,whichextendstheaccelerationtimeofthemotorbeingstartedandcausesadditionalthermalandmechanicalstresses.Voltagesagsalsoimpactotherloadsconnectedtothepowersystem,particularlyelectronicloads.

Amotorstartinganalysismustbemadeifthemotor’ssize>30%ofthesupplytransformer’sbasekVArating.Studiesarealsorecommendedifseveralsmallermotorsarestartedtogetherorifthepowersourceisalocalgenerator.

Thisanalysiscalculatestheelectricalparameters(voltageandcurrent)andtheacceleratingtorqueofthemotorduringthestartingprocess.

Benefits•Extendsmotorlifebyreducingstartingthermalstresses

•Preventsthenegativeeffectsofvoltagesagsonotherequipment

•Eliminatesundesirableinteractionsbetweenmotorsandgenerators

•Complieswiththeutility’smotorstartingrequirements

Power System Analytical Studies (cont.)

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Switching transient modeling and analysisNormalorabnormalswitchingandcircuitbreakeroperationscausetransientconditionsinpowersystems.Thoughtransientshaveabrieftimespan,theresultingvoltagesmaydamageinsulationormakesensitiveelectronicdevicesmalfunction.Largemagnitudecurrentscancauseequipmentoverheatingandevenmeltfuselinks.Switchingtransientanalysesarecommonlyemployedtoevaluate:

•Theeffectofswitchingofvacuumcircuitbreakersthatsupplypowertransformers•Powerfactorcorrectioncapacitorswitchingissues•Transientrecoveryvoltagesproducedwhenacircuitbreakerclearsafault

Resultsarepresentedinaneasy-to-understandformat.Recommendationsareprovidedtomitigatetheeffectoftransients

Benefits•Determinesstressesthatsystemcomponentsareexposedto

• Identifiesalternativestoreducesystemstresses,whichmayinclude:

» Alternativeswitchingschemes

» Additionofcomponents

» Changesinpowersystemconfiguration

Reliability analysisAreliabilityanalysisquantifiestheprobabilitythatasystemorcomponentwilloperateasintended.Withoutperformingthisanalysis,thetaskofevaluatingalternativesystemsandcomponentsislefttotheengineer’sintuition.

Reliabilitystudiesaretypicallyperformedformission-criticalpowersystemssuchasdatacentersandCriticalOperationsPowerSystems,asdefinedintheNationalElectricalCode®.However,theprinciplesofareliabilityanalysiscanbeappliedtoanypowersysteminordertooptimizetheselectionandarrangementofthepowerdistributioncomponents.

Reliabilityindicesarepresentedinaneasy-to-understandformat.Discussionsareprovidedonthepotentialfailuremodesofthesystem.

Benefits•Providesanunderstandingoftherelativeeffectivenessofdifferentpowerdistributionschemesand/orcomponentselections» Offersrecommendationstoimprovereliability

•Createsindicesforcost/benefitanalysisatthedesignstage

• Identifiespotentialmodesoffailureinanexistingpowerdistributionsystem

Substation ground grid analysisMetalliccomponentssuchasstructuralsteel,electricalequipmentenclosures,andfencinginanindustrialorutilityswitchyardaredirectlyorindirectlyconnectedtoground.Undernormaloperatingconditions,thesecomponentsareatthesamepotentialasthesurroundingearth.However,duringagroundfault,voltagegradientsaregeneratedalongthesubstationwalkingsurfacesandbetweenmetalliccomponentsandtheearth.

Thegroundinggridanalysisshowstheexistingdesignandthemodificationsbeingrecommended.Thestudyresultsgraphicallydemonstratethefinaltouchandsteppotentialsintheswitchyard.

Benefits•Optimizesgridgeometry

•Evaluateshigh-riskareasoftheswitchyard» Identifiesopportunitiesforriskmitigation

Stability analysisAstabilityanalysisevaluatesvariouspowersystemscenarioscorrespondingtoswitchingactionsortheinitiationofafault.Stabilitystudiesaretypicallyappliedtofacilitiesthatutilizelargegenerators.Thegoalistodetermineconditionsforprolongedvoltagefluctuationsthatwouldcausethesystemtobecomeunstable.Bychangingtheparametersofthesystemandrunningalternatescenarios,opportunitiesareevaluatedtocorrectthedeficiency.

Thefinalreportprovidesadescriptionoftheconditionsthatcausethepowersystem’sinstabilityaswellasalternativeequipmentandsystemarrangements.

Benefits•Minimizesdowntimebyprovidinganunderstandingofthesystem’sresponsetoabnormalconditions

•Allowsbetterpreparationforthedevelopmentofacontingencyplan» Comparingalternativescenariosenablesmitigationofstabilityissuesthroughimprovedsystemprotectionorswitching

The bottom line:Electrical systems are serious business. You need serious professionals who can provide solid advice and recommendations to promote safety and to help ensure reliable and continuous power.

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Why Choose Schneider Electric Engineering Services? Get industry-leading expertise to address all of your power system needs.

Schneider Electric USA

800FederalStreetAndover,MA01810Tel:978-794-0800www.schneider-electric.com/us

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Formorethan45years,SchneiderElectricEngineeringServiceshascompletedover10,000powersystemassessments,studies,anddesignsforourcustomers.Ourprofessionalengineers,manyofwhomareleadersinstandard-makingbodiessuchasIEEE,haveestablishedaprovenprojectmanagementsystemthatstreamlinesdatacollectionactivitiestohelpminimizeanyimpactonyouroperations.Youwillreceiveconsistentengineeringdesigns,studies,andanalysesduetoourcomprehensiveengineeringstandards.

SchneiderElectrichasestablishedregionalengineeringoperations,locatedstrategicallythroughouttheU.S.TheseoperationsarestaffedbyprofessionalengineerswhoarelicensedinthelocaljurisdictionandhavethefullsupportandcapabilitiesofSchneiderElectricworldwide.Havingapowersystemengineerclosebyassuresfamiliaritywithauthoritieshavingjurisdiction,localcodesandstandards,utilitysystems,andoperations.

Formoreinformation:

888-778-2733 Visit www.schneider-electric.us/go/engineeringservices EngineeringServices@schneider-electric.com

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