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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 1

    Depreciation under Companies Act -2013

    Provisions and CaseStudies Apri l 23, 2015

    CA Santosh Aggarwal

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 2

     Agenda

    ► Overview of key developments

    ► Depreciation:

    ► Overview and key changes

    ► Method of depreciation

    ► Change in useful life & its implications

    ► Impact on Dividend and Managerial Remuneration

    ► Continuous Process Plant

    ► Component accounting

    ► Identification of components

    ►  Accounting of replacement / repairing costs

    ► Disclosures

    ► Key impact

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 3

     Agenda

    ► Overview of The Companies Act, 2013

    ►  Applicability of Schedule II

    ► Depreciation overview

    ► Comparison of Schedule II and Schedule XIV

    ► Schedule II – Overview and Key Changes

    ► Useful Life and Residual Value

    ► Transitional Provision

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 4

    Overview of the Companies Act, 2013

    The Companies Act, 2013:The sixty year old legislation the Companies Act, 1956 has been replaced

    by the Companies Act, 2013. There are lot many changes in the new

    companies act compared to previous act.

    Ø Law of Rules from Rule of Law

    Ø Self Regulations

    Ø  Aligned to International Practices

    Ø Essential Principles Retained

    Ø Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 is based on concept of useful

    lives for computing depreciation

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 5

     Applicability of Schedule II

     Account ing Standard prescr ibed:

    Ø  As per notification no. G.S.R.239 (E) dated March 31, 2014, the standards of accounting asspecified under the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) shall be deemed to be the accounting

    standards until accounting standards are specified by the Central Government under section133.

    Ø From the above specified standards, Accounting Standard 6 pertains to depreciation

    accounting which provides for depreciating a fixed assets overt its useful lives

    Ø Paragraph 3 of Part A to Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 specifies that to comply withthe accounting standards prescribed for such class of companies under section 133, the usefullife of an asset shall not normally be different from the useful life specified in Pact C and

    residual value of an asset shall not be more than 5 %, of the original cost of the asset.

    If the Company adopts a useful life/ residual value different than specified, the financial

    statement shall disclose difference and provide justification supported by technical advice

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 6

     Applicability of Schedule II

    Declaration of Dividend:

    Ø  As per section 123(1) (a) defined in Chapter VIII – Declaration an Payment of Dividend – “ Nodividend shall be declared or paid by a company for any financial year except

    (a) out of the profits of the company for that year arrived at after providing for depreciation

    in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (2), or out of the profits of the company

    for any previous financial year or years arrived at after providing for depreciation in

    accordance with the provisions of that sub-section and remaining undistributed, or out of 

    both; or ► Sub-section (2) of section 123 states that – "For the purposes of clause (a) of sub-section

    (1), depreciation shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of Schedule II.“

    Computation of Managerial Remuneration:

    Ø  As per section 197 and 198 the net profits to be calculated for total remuneration payable by a

    public company, to its directors, including managing directors and whole-time director and itsmanager shall be calculated after provided for depreciation as per schedule II.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 7

    DepreciationOverview

    ► Depreciation is systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its

    useful life.

    ► Depreciable assets are assets which

    ► are expected to be used during more than one accounting period; and

    ► have a limited useful life; and

    ► are held by an enterprise for use in the production or supply of goods and services,

    for rental to others, or for administrative purposes and not for the purpose of salein the ordinary course of business.

    ►  Assets valuing less than a specified amount say, Rs 1 lacs always charged to

    statement of profit & loss – Is this treatment correct

    ► EAC opinion by ICAI – On ground of materiality, assets valuing less than specified

    amount can be charged to profit & loss. Such charge doesn’t amount of non-

    compliance of AS 6 or AS 10

    ► Depreciation on assets held for sale – They are valued at lower of carrying amount and

    net realisable value, hence, depreciation is not applicable

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 8Priv ileged and confident ial Page 8

    DepreciationComparison of Schedule II and Schedule XIV

    ► Indicative useful life prescribed

    ► No reference to method

    ► Unit of production method allowed

    ► Guidance for useful life on

    Intangible assets

    ► Component accounting covered and

    mandatory

    ► Extra Shift depreciation simplified

    ► No reference to depreciation on low

    value items

    ► Transition provisions

    ► Rate of depreciation prescribed

    ► SLM / WDV Method

    ► UOP was not allowed

    ► No guidance for useful life on

    intangible assets except IA under 

    BOT model

    ► No reference to component

    accounting► Extra shift depreciation was based

    on number of days

    ► Items less than Rs 5,000 to be

    charged o ff 

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 9

    Schedule II – Overview and key changes

    ► Provisions relating to depreciation contained in schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 which was earlier under schedule XIV of the Companies Act 1956

    ► Schedule II is divided into three parts:

    ► Part A – Basic Provisions for providing depreciation

    ► Part B – Depreciation on assets covered under special legislations

    ► Part C – Useful Life and other provisions

    ► Per Schedule II, depreciable amount is the cost of an asset or other amountsubstituted for cost, less residual value.

    ► Schedule II applicable to financial year commencing on or after April 1,2014

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 10

    DepreciationImplications – Method of depreciation and change therein

    ►  Apart from written down value and straight line method, depreciation over number of 

    production or similar units allowed► Depreciation expense under units-of-production, based on units produced in the period,

    ► Benefits of Units of production (UOP) method:

    ► Better matching of depreciation charge with revenue

    ► Possibility of depreciating an asset faster than is allowed by class life depreciation

    ► Disadvantages of UOP method:

    ► Possibility of delaying the start of depreciation and depreciation being stopped if the asset is not in use due to work delays

    ► UOP commonly used for Natural Resource Extraction Equipment

    ► Implications of changes in the method of depreciation from SLM to UOP

    ► Change in method of depreciation is change in accounting policy – Prospective or 

    Retrospective?

    ► Disclosures for change in method of depreciation?► Consideration for one time depreciation costs in inventory valuation?

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 11

    DepreciationOverview – Useful Life

    ► Useful life is the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by an

    entity, or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from theasset by the entity

    ► There is no restriction on method to be used, hence, WDV can be used as well until the

    depreciable amount is amortised over its useful life

    ► Intangible assets (toll roads) created under BOT, BOOT or any other form of PPP route

    will be amortized using amortization rate arrived at by dividing actual revenue for the

    year with total estimated revenue.► Rebuttable presumption under AS 26 that useful life of Intangible assets (IA) will not

    exceed ten years

    ► IA can be amortised over higher useful life if persuasive evidence available that useful

    life will be specific period longer than 10 years

    ►  A Company may use revenue based amortisation of Built, Operate & Transfer (BOT)

    assets► Companies regulated by other law, e.g., electricity companies - Depreciation rates /

    residual values prescribed by regulatory body to prevail

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 12

    DepreciationOverview – Useful Life

    ► Useful lives of fixed assets prescribed under the 2013 Act is different from those

    envisaged under Schedule XIV e.g.

    ► General furniture and fittings – useful life reduced from 15 to 10 years

    ► Buildings other than factory buildings and other than RCC frame structure - useful

    life reduced from 58 to 30 years

    ► Continuous Process Plant – Schedule II has originally prescribed life as 8 years,

    now changed to 25 years. Major relief for companies having such assets

    Refer comparative chart in next slide► Implications of change in Useful life – Prospective or Retrospective?

    ► Residual value should not exceed 5% of the value assets unless supported by

    technical advise

    ► Impact of change in residual value should be charged to profit & loss as no transitional

    provisions prescribed

    ► Disclosure of change in useful life and change in estimate► Para 23 of AS 6 says that useful lives of major depreciable assets or classes of assets

    may be reviewed periodically. Where there is revision the unamortized depreciable

    amount should be charged over the remaining useful life.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 13

    Useful life and Residual Value

    There is a change in the useful life of an asset and consequently an increase in the

    rate of depreciation for commonly used assets except for continuous process plants.For Limited purpose of the table below, the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II

    have been converted into a deemed rate (assuming a 5 percent residual value) to

    facilitate comparison

    Nature of Asset –

    Illustrative Single

    Shit

    2013 Act 1956 Act SLM Increase /(decrease)

    % change

    Useful Live Deemed SLM

    Rate

    General P &M 15 6.33% 4.75% 1.58% 33.26%

    Continuous Process

    Plant

    25 3.80% 5.28% (1.48)% (28.03)%

    Furniture & Fittings 10 9.50% 6.33% 3.17% 50.08%

    Office equipment 5 19.00% 4.75% 14.25% 300.00%

    Desktop, Laptop 3 31.67% 16.21% 15.46% 95.37%

    Electrical Installation 10 9.50% 4.75% 4.75% 100.00%

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 14

    Depreciation

    Key impact – Change in useful life (in years)

     Asset Old New

    Buildings RCC Framework 60 60

    Buildings other than RCC Framework 60 30

    Fence, Wells, Tube wells 30 5

    Temporary Structures 1 3

    Roads - 3, 5, 10Plant & Machinery 20 15

    Continuous Process Plants 18 25

    Furniture and Fixtures 15 10

    Vehicles 10 8

    Computers 4 3

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 15

    Useful life and Residual Value

    Particulars Useful Live estimated

    by management /

    Residual value

    Life Envisaged /

    residual value under 

    schedule II

     AS 6 Requirement

    Useful life of Asset – 

    Case 1

    10 years 12 Years AS 6 requires the

    Company to depreciate

    the asset using 10 year 

    life

    Useful life of Asset – 

    Case 2

    12 years 10 years Option to choose any

    life

    Residual Value – Case

    3

    Nil 5% of Cost Nil

    Residual Value – Case

    4

    10% of Cost 5% of Cost 10% of the residual

    value

    Practical Examples:

     AS 6 States that depreciation rates prescribed under the statute are minimum. If management’s estimate for useful life of an asset is shorter than that envisaged

    under the statute , depreciation is computed by applying higher rate.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 16

    Useful life and Residual Value

    Solutions:

    Case 1: Schedule II requires disclosures of justification for using the lower life. TheCompany cannot use 12 years life for depreciation

    Case 2: If the Company depreciates the assets over 12 years, it needs to disclose

     justification for using the higher life. The Company should apply the option selected

    consistently.

    Case 3: The Company cannot use 5% residual value. In addition, Schedule II requires

    disclosures of justification for using a lower residual value.

    Case 4: If the Company depreciates the asset using 10% estimated residual value, it

    needs to disclose justification for using the higher residual value. The Company should

    apply the option selected consistently.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 17

    Useful life and Residual Value

    Practical Issue:.The Company is a Special Purpose Vehicle floated to execute a project in accordance with

    the service concession agreement signed with the grantor. Service concession agreement

    is for 30 years and the company has option to renew it for additional period of 30 years.

     Assets created by the Company is capitalized as Tangible asset under the variousapplicable heads. While applying schedule II, how the company should assess useful life

    of its various assets?

    Resolution: In such a situation, the Company needs to assess the renewable option and

    evaluate the likelihood of renewal. If the Company is reasonable certain at the inception of 

    the service concession period that it will be renewed for further period of 30 years and

    accordingly the same need to be considered for evaluating the useful life of variousassets. The useful life of the various assets will be lower of the following:

    Ø Useful life of assets as mentioned in the Schedule II or as assessed by the Company

    based on the technical justification or 

    Ø Service concession period of 30 years or 60 years as the case may be

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 18

    DepreciationOverview and key changes

    ► Is the useful life stated in revised schedule II mandatory?

    ► Through amendment on August 29, 2014, following options given to the Company,

    different useful life / Residual value than those prescribed in Part C can be taken,

    provided:

    ► Disclosure of different useful life / residual value made in the financials

    ► Disclose justification for different useful lie / residual value duly supported by

    technical advise

    ► No clarity on whether technical advise can be taken internally by the Company or from

    independent expert

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 19

    DepreciationOverview – Transitional Provisions for change in useful life

    ► Transitional provisions

    ► If remaining useful life is not nil, carrying amount of the asset to be depreciated over theremaining useful life

    ► If remaining useful life is nil by applying Schedule II, depreciable amount after retaining the

    residual value may be adjusted with retained earnings or charged off to the Profit and Loss

    account

    ► Practical example

    In case of depreciable amount on transition is adjusted against retained earnings, will it be

    net of tax?

    ICAI announcement titled, “Tax effect of expenses/income adjusted directly against the reserves

    and/ or Securities Premium Account.” The Announcement, among other matters, states as below:

    “… Any expense charged directly to reserves and / or Securities Premium account should be net of 

    tax benefits expected to arise from the admissibility of such expenses for tax purposes. Similarly,

    any income credited directly to a reserve account or a similar account should be net of its tax

    effect.”

    Considering the above, it seems clear that amount adjusted to reserves should be net of tax benefit,

    if any.► Whether a company calculation depreciation as per WDV till March 31, 2014 wants to shift to SLM

    method from April 1, 2014 be covered under transitional provisions as per Schedule II?

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 20

    DepreciationExtra Shift Depreciation

    ► The useful lives of assets working on shift basis have been specified in the

    Schedule based on their single shift working.

    ► Extra shift depreciation not applicable to assets marked with “No Extra Shift

    Depreciation”

    ►  Asset used for double shift - Depreciation will increase by 50% for such duration

    ►  Asset used for triple shift - Depreciation will increase by 100% for such duration

    ► Earlier the depreciation rates for single, double & triple shift was 4.75%, 7.42%

    and 10.34%

    ► Practical Examples

    ► Should extra shift depreciation be computed asset wise / division wise / Company

    as a whole?

    ► Should extra shift be factored while estimating useful life of the assets?

    If the useful life is estimated based on single shift working, should usage of suchassets for extra shift impacts the balance useful life?

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 21

    DepreciationRevaluation Reserve

    ► In case of revaluation of fixed assets, companies are currently allowed to transfer an

    amount equivalent to the additional depreciation on account of the upward revaluationof fixed assets from the revaluation reserve to P&L. Hence, any upward revaluation of 

    fixed assets does not impact P&L.

    ► Will the same position continue under the CA 2013 also?

    ► Under the 1956 Act, depreciation was to be provided on the original cost of an asset.

    ► Schedule II requires depreciation to be provided on historical cost or the amount

    substituted for the historical cost. Hence, depreciation to be provided on revaluationamount

    ► The ICAI Guidance Note on Treatment of Reserve Created on Revaluation of Fixed

     Assets allowed an amount equivalent to the additional depreciation on account of the

    upward revaluation of fixed assets to be transferred from the revaluation reserve to the

    P&L.

    ► No change in the position, as schedule II mandates to charge depreciation on fullamount and there is no restriction on withdrawal from reserves

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 22

    DepreciationDividend Declaration

    ► Per Section 123, every company shall provide depreciation before declaring dividend

    ► Such dividend shall be provided as per schedule II

    ►  A Company depreciates Plant & Machinery over 20 years, where the useful life is 15

    years, whether will it be sufficient compliance for declaration of dividend

    ► Earlier, in CA 1956, section 350 states that the depreciation shall be as per the rates

    provided in schedule XIV. No such reference to rates or useful life is made in S. 123 of 

    the CA 2013

    ► The wording in section 123 states that depreciation shall be as per schedule II

    ► Schedule II permits different useful life by any Company provided adequate disclosure

    in financial with justification duly supported by technical advise is made

    ► Hence, the depreciation assuming a higher useful life, resulting in lower depreciation

    and higher profits, shall be sufficient compliance with Section 123

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 23

    DepreciationManagerial Remuneration

    ► Per Section 198, depreciation as per section 123 should be deducted for computing

    limits of managerial remuneration► Section 123 refers depreciation as per schedule II of the CA 2013

    ►  Assume that X Co. Ltd has financial year ending on 31 March 2015

    ► The Company has provided depreciation under schedule II and significant assets has

    completed its life and its WDV needs to be charged off 

    ► Option 1 – The Company charge such amount to reserves

    ► Option 2 – The Company charge such amount to statement of profit & loss

    ► If option 2 is selected, whether entire depreciation charged to profit & loss including

    one time transition costs will be considered or depreciation for the year will be

    considered

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 24

    Continuous

    Process Plant

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 25

    Continuous Process Plant

    ► Companies can continue to follow the guidance note issued by the ICAI with

    regard to continuous process plant – Guidance note on some importantissues arising from the amendments to Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,1956

    ► Continuous process plant means a plant which is required and designed tooperate 24 hours a day

    ► For instance, a blast furnace which is required and designed to operate 24

    hours a day, may be shut down due to various reasons, it would still beconsidered as a continuous process plant.

    ► There can be certain plants which though may work 24 hours a day, yet their technical design is not such that they have to be operated 24 hours a day,e.g. a textile weaving mill.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 26

    Component

     Accounting

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 27

    Component AccountingOverview

    ► Useful life specified in Part C of the Schedule is for whole of the asset.

    ► Useful life of significant part shall be determined separately:

    ► Where cost of a part of the asset is significant to total cost of the asset;

    ► useful life of that part is different from the useful life of the remaining asset,

    ► Some industries the determination is simple while some industry it is complex process

    ►  An IT company, which has only computers as fixed assets, may be able to determine

    with little analysis that there are no significant components requiring separatedepreciation.

    ► However, for an airline company, it may be clear that engine has different useful life

    vis-à-vis remainder of the aircraft

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 28

    Component AccountingOverview

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 29

    Component AccountingOverview

    ► Under this approach, first split the fixed asset into various identifiable parts to the

    extent possible.► The identified parts are then grouped together if they have the same or similar useful

    life.

    ► No need to identify and depreciate insignificant parts as separate components; rather,

    they can be combined together in the remainder of the asset or with the principal asset.

    ► Identification of significant parts is a matter of judgment and decided on case-to-case

    basis.

    ► Identification of separate parts of an asset and determination of their useful life is not

    merely an accounting exercise; rather, it involves technical expertise.

    ► Hence, involve technical experts to determine the parts of an asset.

    ► If the useful life of the component is lower than the useful life of the principal assets as

    per Schedule II, such lower useful should be used. In reverse scenario higher useful

    life for a component can be used only when management intends to use thecomponent even after expiry of useful life for the principal asset.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 30

    Component AccountingMateriality for signif icant component

    ►  A company needs to identify only material / significant components separately for 

    depreciation.► Materiality is a matter of management / audit judgment and needs to be decided on the

    facts of each case.

    ► Normally, a component having original cost equal to or less than 5% of the original cost

    of complete asset may not be material. However, a component having original cost

    equal to 25% of the original cost of complete asset may be material.

    ►  Also consider impact on retained earnings, current year profit or loss and future profitor loss (say, when part will be replaced) to decide materiality.

    ► If a component may have material impact from either perspective, the said component

    will be material and require separate identification.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 31

    Component AccountingReplacement Costs

    ► The application of component accounting will cause significant change in measurement

    of depreciation and accounting for replacement costs.► Presently, companies need to expense replacement costs in the year of incurrence.

    Under component accounting, companies will capitalize these costs as a separate

    component of the asset, with consequent expensing of net carrying value of the

    replaced component.

    ► If it is not practicable for a company to determine carrying amount of the replaced

    component, it may use the cost of the replacement as an indication of what the cost of 

    the replaced part was at the time it was acquired or constructed.

    ► Even under the component accounting, a company does not recognize in the carrying

    amount of an item of fixed asset the costs of the day-to-day servicing of the item.

    These costs are expensed in the statement of profit and loss as incurred.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 32

    Component AccountingMajor inspection/ overhaul

    ► No specific guidance provided under AS 10 Accounting for Fixed Assets

    ► Detailed guidance given in Ind AS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment

    ► Major inspection/ overhaul is treated as a separate part of the asset, regardless of 

    whether any physical parts of the asset are replaced

    ► When a company purchases a new asset:

    ► Received after major inspected/ overhaul by the manufacturer.

    Major inspection/ overhaul is identified separately even at the time of purchase of new asset.

    ► The cost of such major inspection/ overhaul is depreciated separately over the

    period till next major inspection/ overhaul.

    ► Upon next major inspection/ overhaul:

    ► the costs of new major inspection/ overhaul are added to the asset's cost;

    ► any amount remaining from the previous inspection/ overhaul is derecognized.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 33

    Component AccountingMajor inspection/ overhaul

    ► Cost of the previous inspection/ overhaul was not identified (and cons idered a

    separate part) when the asset was originally acquired or constructed.► Not necessarily an error but a change in an estimate

    ► This process of recognition and de-recognition should take place even in such cases.

    ► The company uses estimated cost of a future similar inspection / overhaul to be used

    as an indication of the cost of the existing inspection / overhaul component to be

    derecognized after considering the depreciation impact.

    ► Major inspection / overhaul charged to profi t & loss

    ► Under AS 10, all repair expenditure (including major inspection/ overhaul) need to be

    charged to P&L as incurred

    ► Though schedule II mandates component accounting, it does not state that application

    of component accounting is based on Ind-AS 16 principles

    ► The application of component accounting is restricted only to physical parts

    ► Neither on initial recognition nor subsequently, the company identifies major inspection/

    overhaul as separate component. Rather, any expense on major inspection/ overhaul

    is charged to P&L as incurred

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 34

    Component AccountingTransitional provisions

    ► Component accounting was made applicable from 1 April 2014, which has now been

    deferred to 1 April 2015

    ► To be applied to the entire block of assets existing as at that date. It cannot be

    restricted to only new assets acquired after 1 April 2015

    ► Transitional provisions of Schedule II can be used to adjust the impact of component

    accounting as on 1 April 2015

    ► If a component has zero remaining useful life on the date of applicability i.e., 1 April

    2015, its carrying amount, after retaining any residual value, may be charged to the

    opening balance of retained earnings.

    ► The carrying amount of other components, i.e., components whose remaining useful

    life is not nil on 1 April 2015, is depreciated over their remaining useful life.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 35

    Component AccountingDisclosures for change in accounting policy

    ► The company has adopted Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, for depreciation

    purposes, from 1 April 2014. The company was previously not identifying components of fixed assets separately for depreciation purposes; rather, a single useful life/ depreciation

    rate was used to depreciate each item of fixed asset.

    ► Due to application of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, the company has changed the

    manner of depreciation for its fixed assets. Now, the company identifies and determines

    separate useful life for each major component of the fixed asset, if they have useful life that

    is materially different from that of the remaining asset. The company has used transitional

    provisions of Schedule II to adjust the impact of component accounting arising on its firstapplication. If a component has zero remaining useful life on the date of Schedule II

    becoming effective, i.e., 1 April 2015, its carrying amount, after retaining any residual value,

    is charged to the opening balance of retained earnings. The carrying amount of other 

    components, i.e., components whose remaining useful life is not nil on 1 April 2015, is

    depreciated over their remaining useful life.

    ► Had the company continued to use the earlier policy of depreciating fixed asset, the profit for 

    the current period would have been higher by INR XXX (net of tax impact of INR XXX),

    retained earnings at the beginning of the current period would have been higher by INR XXX

    (net of tax impact of INR XXX) and the fixed asset would correspondingly have been higher 

    by INR XXX.

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    Component AccountingIndustry Impact

    ► Mining and Construct ion

    ►  Assets in Mining and Construction industry include heavy duty trucks, vehicles, dozers,excavators, loaders & unloaders, tunnelling machinery, etc.

    ► Heavy duty machineries are made up of various assembled parts which are high in

    value and also have a different useful life as compared to the other parts such as

    chassis, rollers, body, electrical systems, etc. These items will have to be broken in to

    their components.

    ► Entities will also have to estimate mine restoration liabilities and capitalise with the

    initial cost of the mine.

    ► Commodity manufacturing Industry – Crude, Ore, Power 

    ► Various facilities that can be identified as first level components such as Water 

    treatment, Gas tapping, Conveyors, Turbines, Rooters, Shafts, Grids, Tankages,

    Ovens, Casters, Moulds, Furnaces, Rolling mills, etc.. More often one component that

    is left out in the analysis is the Pipelines, which have material value and different useful

    life.► Entities will need to estimate its asset retirement obligations at the time of initial

    capitalisation.

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 37

    Component AccountingIndustry Impact

    ► Shipping

    ► Main parts of a ship include hull and engine. Further, hull is made up of deck, chassis,propeller, funnel, stern and super structure. A modern ship includes a fair component of 

    electronic and automatic control systems. Entities will have to carry out a detailed

    exercise and use its judgement for capitalising each component

    ► Hotel Industry

    ►  A restaurant maintains a minimum stock of silverware and dishes. Some entities treat

    cutlery, crockery, linen, etc, as stores and spares and group them under inventory. Any

    increase or decrease is accounted as consumption in profit and loss account.

    Moreover, Schedule XIV does not lay down any rate for depreciating such items and

    hence companies in India adopt inventory and consumption approach to account these

    items.

    ► For a restaurant, cutlery is similar to a plant, without which it cannot operate. Under Ind

     AS 16, these items fall into the definition of tangible assets and hence need to be

    capitalised as such and depreciated based on its useful life. Considering the nature of 

    these assets, the estimation of their useful life may involve a significant amount of 

     judgment.

    ► Globally, few Companies depreciates above assets over a period of three years

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 38

    Component AccountingIndustry Impact

    ► Power Manufacturing, Transmission and Distribution

    ► Different useful lives must be applied to ‘main grids’ and ‘sub grids’ as well as ‘power grids’ and ‘gas

    grids’;

    ► The residual value of the grid is significant due to the need for continuous renewal

    ► Useful life is impacted by service concession arrangements with the State Governments

    High Voltage Grids Distribution Grids

    Land

     – Buildings (for example, buildings

    for sub-stations)

     – Technical equipment (for 

    example, protection and

    measurement equipment, control

    devices)

     – Overhead lines (for example,

    380/230KV steel)

     – Cable (e.g. 380/230KV)

     – Current transformers

    Land

     – Buildings (for example, sub-plantbuildings)

     – Piping

     – Cable tunnel

     – Cable

     – Cables for communication

    (under / overground)

     – Open wire (steel, concrete andwood)

     – Sub-station – without buildings

     – Sub-station – technicalequipment

     – Power sub-stations – withoutbuildings

     – Power sub-stations – technical

    equipment

     – Power sub-stations (poles, steel

    and wood)

     – Cable for connection to

    customers

     – Open wire for connection to

    customers

     – Counters and measuring devices – mechanical

     – Counters and measuring devices – electronic

     – Mobile power sets

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 39

    ConclusionKey Impact

    Depreciation Under Companies Act, 2013

    Component Accounting –

    Identification o f Components Component Accounting – Account ing of Replacement Costs

    Component

     Account ing – Account ing of 

    Repairs Costs

    Units of production

    method permitted

    Intangible assets

    amortization

    Indicative Useful Li fe &Residual Value –

    Technical assessment

    Extra Shif tDepreciation Simplified

    OptionalTransitional provisions

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    Questions?

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    Schedule II of The Companies Act 2013Page 41

    Thank You