SBR-process (Sequencing-Batch-Reactor) is the combination of the procedural functions “Aeration” and “Clarification” in one reaction tank. Here from a stable and flexible process flow results. Furthermore the SBR-process enables a compact plant design and a minimization of the investment costs. Because of the flexible plant geometry (tanks with circular, quadratic or rectangular footprint) SBR-wastewater treatment plants of w-wwt can be simply realized also under hindered project conditions (tourism areas, recreation centers, tower buildings etc.).
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Process of SBR :Sequential batch reactors (SBR) are a type
ofactivated sludgeprocess for thetreatment of wastewater. SBR
reactors treat wastewater such assewageor output fromanaerobic
digestersormechanical biological treatmentfacilities in batches.
Oxygen is bubbled through the mixture of wastewater and activated
sludge to reduce the organic matter (measured asbiochemical oxygen
demand(BOD) andchemical oxygen demand(COD)). The treated effluent
may be suitable for discharge to surface waters or possibly for use
on land.
There are five stages in the treatment
process:FillReactSettleDecantIdleThe inlet valve opens and the tank
is being filled in, while mixing is provided by mechanical means
(no air). This stage is also called the anoxic stage.
During the fourth stage the outlet valve opens and the clean
supernatantliquor exits the tank.
The various stages in the sequence are as follows:Stage
1:FillingDuring this stage the SBR Tank is filled with the influent
wastewater. In order to maintain suitable F/M (food to
microorganism) ratios, the wastewater should be admitted into the
tank in a rapid, controlled manner. This method functions similarly
to a selector, which encourages the growth of certain
microorganisms with better settling characteristics.Stage 2:
ReactionThis stage involves the utilization of biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD) and ammonia nitrogen, where applicable, by
microorganisms. The length of the aeration period and the sludge
mass determines the degree of treatment. The length of the aeration
period depends on the strength of the wastewater and the degree of
nitrification (conversion of the ammonia to a less toxic form of
nitrate or nitrite) provided for in the treatment.
Stage 3: SettlingDuring this stage, aeration is stopped and the
sludge settles leaving clear, treated effluent above the sludge
blanket. Duration for settling varies from 45 to 60 minutes
depending on the number of cycles per day.Stage 4: DecantingAt this
stage of the process effluent is removed from the tank through the
decanter, without disturbing the settled sludge.Stage 5: IdlingThe
SBR Tank waits idle until it is time to commence a new cycle with
the filling stage.Stage 6: Sludge Wasting Excess activated sludge
is wasted periodically during the SBR operation. As with any
activated sludge treatment process, sludge wasting is the main
control of the effluent quality and microorganism population size.
This is how the operator exerts control over the effluent quality
by adjusting the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration
and the Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT).
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