saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (51), 2012 ART SCIENCE

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa

da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film

Georgian State University

saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa

Ziebani

#2 (51), 2012

ART SCIENCE STUDIES#2 (51), 2012

gamomcemloba `kentavri~

Tbilisi _ 2012

UDC(uak) 7(051.2)

s-364

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos

saxelmwifo universiteti

saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (51), 2012

saredaqcio sabWo

Teo xatiaSviligiorgicqitiSvilidaviT janeliZe

literaturuli

redaqtori

mariam iaSvili

garekanis dizaini

levan dadiani

dakabadoneba

ekaterineoqropiriZe

gamomcemlobis

xelmZRvaneli

maka vasaZe

krebulisaTvis mowodebuli

masala uzrunvelyofili unda

iyos Sesabamisi samecniero

aparatiT. Tan unda axldes

monacemebi avtoris samecniero

kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb qarTul

da inglisur enebze, agreTve

naSromis inglisurenovani

reziume.

krebulis stamburi gamocema

egzavneba sxvadasxva

saerTaSoriso kvleviT centrs.

naSromebi mogvawodeT da

cnobebisaTvis mogvmarTeT:

0102, Tbilisi, daviT aRmaSeneblis

gamziri #40, saqarTvelos SoTa

rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos

saxelmwifo universiteti,

II korpusi.

tel/faqsi: +995 (32) 936 408

mob: +995 (95) 305 060

+995 (77) 288 750

E-mail: [email protected]: www.tafu.edu.ge

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University

Art Science Studies #2 (51), 2012

Editorial GroupTEO KHATIASHVILIGIORGI TSKITISHVILIDAVIT JANELIDZE

Literary EditorMARIAM IASHVILI

Cover DesignLEVAN DADIANI

Book BindingEKATERINE OKROPIRIDZE

Head of Publishing HouseMAKA VASADZE

Materials supplied for the volume should be provided with corresponding scientific appliance. Paperwork concerning author’s academic qualification and summary of work should be attached in Georgian and English languages.

Printed version of the volume is sent out to various international research centers.

Works should be supplied under the following contact:0102, Tbilisi, Davit Agmashenebeli Avenue #40Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State UniversitySecond Block

Tel/Fax: +995 (32) 936 408Mob: +995 (95) 305 060 +995 (55) 288 750E-mail: [email protected]: www.tafu.edu.ge

4

sarCevi

2 0 1 1 wlis s a m e c n i ero ko nf er e n c i i s

Ta v i sufali s e q c i i s m a s ale b i

natalia diRmelaSvili

cekvis swavlebis principebi,

rogorc Teatraluri pedagogikis

Semadgeneli nawili ........................................................................................11

nino sanadiraZe

kulturis sferos marTvis Taviseburebebi ...................................22

maia sigua

musikisa da dramis urTierTqmedebis modifikaciebi

musikalur TeatrSi ......................................................................................29

vladimer (lado) tatiSvili

si tyvis Za la _ ro gorc sa te le vi zio rek la mis erT-er Ti

mxat vrul-Semo qme de bi Ti sa Su a le ba .....................................................38

naira RvedaSvili

sainformacio uzrunvelyofa da

inovaciebis statistika ..............................................................................46

malxaz Rvinjilia

sasoflo turizmis Camoyalibebis socialur-ekonomikuri

aspeqtebi evropaSi .........................................................................................54

Teatrmcod n eo b a

mixeil kalandariSvili

dramatuli konfliqtis buneba .............................................................63

maia kiknaZe

axali Teatrebi

rusTavsa da axalcixeSi – 1967 weli ............................................74

Tamar quTaTelaZe

dro da speqtakli .........................................................................................83

k i no mcod n eo b a

daviT gujabiZe

„3d stereo“ teqnologiebi,

realoba da perspeqtivebi ........................................................................99

5

vaJa zubaSvili

reklama saqarTvelos televiziaSi: wanamZRvrebi da

satelevizio reklama

XX s-is 80-ian wlebSi ............................................................................109

x elov n e b aT mcod n eo b a

maia goSaZe

ambivalentobis jojoxeTSi ...................................................................129

doqtora ntTa

s a m e c n i ero stati e b i

paata iakaSvili

memarcxeneTa SemoqmedebiTi principebis cenzuruli xasiaTis

gamovlena realobis interpretaciisas ..........................................139

maia lipartiani

sxeulis moZraobisa da mimikis ena ...................................................153

m a g i stra ntTa

s a m e c n i ero stati e b i

nato mdinaraZe

seriali televiziebSi ................................................................................171

evelina menTeSaSvili

eqstremaluri Jurnalistika da TviTprodiusingi

cxel wertilebSi .........................................................................................179

avtorTa Sesaxeb ............................................................................................188

6

CONTENTS

THE MATERIALS OF FREE SECTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 2011NATALIA DIGMELASHVILIGuidelines For Teaching Dance As An Essential Part Of Drama Pedagogy .......................................................................192NINO SANADIRADZEUnderstanding Of Art Sector Management ....................................193MAIA SIGUAThe Modifications Of Music And Drama Interdependence In The European And American Opera Of The 2nd Half Of The 20th Century ......................................................................194VLADIMIR (LADO) TATISHVILIPower Of The Word In Tv Advertisement As One Of The Creative Lever .........................................................................194NAIRA GHVEDASHVILIInformation Assurance And Statistics Of Innovations ...................195MALKHAZ GVINJILIASocial And Economical Aspect Of Setting Rural Tourism In Europe ................................................................196

THEATRE STUDIESMIKHEIL KALANDARISHVILINature Of Drama Conflict ..............................................................197MAIA KIKNADZENew Theatre In Rustavi And Akhaltsikhe – 1967 ........................................................................198TAMAR QUTATELADZETime And Performance ..................................................................199

FILM STUDIESDAVIT GUJABIDZE“3d” Stereo-Technologies, A Reality And Prospects .................................................................................200VAJA ZUBASHVILICommercial On Tv Of Georgia: Leaders And TV Commercial ..............................................................................202

7

ART STUDIESMAIA GOSHADZEIn The Hell Of Ambivalenty ..........................................................203

UNIVERSITY’ Ph.D PROGRAMPAATA IAKASHVILIThe Manifestation Of The Creative Principles Of Censorial Type For The Interpretation From The Side Of The Left-Wings On The Example Of The Art Film Of Reality “Khabarda” ........................204MAIA LIPARTIANIThe Language Of Body Movement And Mimic ............................205

UNIVERSITY’ MA PROGRAMEVELINA MENTESHASHVILIExtreme Journalistic And Producing Itself In The Hot Spots ............................................................................206NATO MDINARADZESoap Opera On TV .........................................................................207

8

9

2011 wlis samecniero konferenciis

Tavisufali seqciis masalebi

10

11

natalia diRmelaSvili,

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis kinosa da Teatris


xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori.


rogorc Teatraluri pedagogikis

Semadgeneli nawili

... ar aris Teatri msaxiobebis gareSe

da ar aris msaxiobi skolis gareSe.

a. n. ostrovski

Cven gvainteresebs qarTuli Teatraluri skolis

Camoyalibebis da formirebis periodi, rogorc Teatris

msaxiobis pedagogiuri aRzrdis sistema. cnobilia, rom

Teatraluri pedagogika Sedgeba iseTi ganuyofeli

nawilebisagan, rogorebicaa: aRzrda, ganaTleba, swavleba,

skola. is imyofeba or sistemas - mecnierebasa da

xelovnebas Soris, Seiswavlis ra msaxiobis fsiqo-

fizikur aparats, mis sxeuls da samoZrao aqtiurobas,

rac miznad isaxavs `sxeulis aparatis gansaxierebas.

ganaTlebis, aRzrdisa da swavlebis TvalsazrisiT is

mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli praqtikul moRvaweobasTan

da gamoirCeva gansakuTrebuli dinamiurobiT!~1

Tavdapirvelad Teatraluri swavlebis saTaveSi

idga sacekvao ganaTleba. ase xdeboda TiTqmis 1888

wlamde, rodesac ruseTis saimperatoro Teatralur

saswavleblebSi gaiyo dramatuli da sabaleto klasebi.

Teatraluri ganaTlebis specializaciis warmoSobam

pirvelad wamoWra problema plastikuri ganaTlebis axali

sistemis SemuSavebisa, romelic pasuxobda dramatuli

1 Круглова, А.Г. «Сценическое движение. Педагогика телесного воспитания актёра». М., 2008, с. 39.

12

Teatris msaxiobis momzadebis amocanebs. misi Seqmnis

procesi mWidrod ukavSirdeboda Teatralur praqtikas.

`skolasa da Teatrs Soris ar unda iyos ufskruli.

momavali msaxiobis gadasvla TeatrSi aucilebelia

momzaddes TavisTavad, uSualod, mTeli saswavlo

procesis ganmavlobaSi~,1 _ werda cnobili pedagogi a.

b. nemirovski.

moswavleTa plastikuri SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba

xdeboda plastikis, `sabaleto varjiSebis~, farikaobis,

akrobatikisa da Jongliorobis gakveTilebze.

XIX saukuneSi, samsaxiobo skolis ganviTarebis

reformatori gaxda rusuli scenis udidesi ostati

m. s. SCepkini. `msaxiobi plastikuri mxatvaria da

Tavisi xelovnebisa da xelobis teqnikis Seswavlis

gareSe ver gaxdeba verc kargi mxatvari da miT umetes,

kargi xelosani~,2 _ werda rusuli nacionaluri

Teatris Semqmneli a. n. ostrovski. Tavis programaSi

`mosamzadebeli dramaturgiuli skola~ a. n. ostrovski

saubrobda skolisa da Teatris ganuyofel erTianobaze

da savaldebulod miaCnda cekvebi, rTuli pozebi

da Sejgufebebi, aseve pantomima. 1886 wels is wers:

`skolisa da teqnikis gareSe warmoudgenelia nebismieri

xelovneba... Teatraluri skola valdebulia Tavis

aRsazrdelebs specialobaSi, zogadsaganmanaTleblo da

damxmare sagnebSi misces codnis iseTi maragi, romelTa

saSualebiTac isini ar aRmoCndebian uZlurebi nebismier

sakiTxSi, romelic exeba specialobas~.3

msaxiobis ostatobis treningi, anu Semoqmedebis

fsiqo-fiziologiuri teqnika, Teatraluri pedagogikis

yuradRebis centrSi ukve XX saukunis dasawyisSi iyo. im

1 Немировский, Б. «Пластическая выразительность актёра», М., 1988, стр.17. 2 Островский, А.Н. «О театре», М.-Л.,1947, с.239. 3 Ленский, А.П. «Статьи. Письма. Записки.». М.-Л., 1935, с.669.


13

periodis dramatul TeatrebSi momuSave baletmaisterebi

artistebs sTxovdnen xalxuri da saistorio-yofiTi

cekvebis Sesrulebis teqnikuri xerxebisa da stilis

flobas, musikalurobas, ritmulobas, koordinacias,

emociurobas, fizikur gamZleobas, saerTo plastkiur

kulturas.

es ideebi aitaca, Secvala da ganaviTara k. s.

stanislavskim. misi ZalisxmeviT Seiqmna dramatuli

msaxiobis ganviTarebis Camoyalibebuli sistema, romelic

safuZvlad daedo Teatralur pedagogikas. is ambobda,

rom yvela garegnuli scenuri SegrZnebebis elementebi

unda iyos araCveulebrivad momzadebuli, imisaTvis, rom

msaxiobis fizikuri aparati gaxdes moqnili, zusti,

naTeli da plastikuri. es SemuSavebuli, CvenTvis kargad

cnobili da qarTul Teatralur swavlebaSi aprobirebuli

`stanislavskis sistema~, romelsac is TviTon uwodebda

trenings da `wvrTnas~, iqca momavali dramis msaxiobebis

swavlebis safuZvlad. igi ambobda, rom sakuTari bunebis

SecnobiT, disciplinirebiT, niWis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi,

SeiZleba gaxde didi msaxiobi... rac ufro Rrmaa niWi, miT

metad eswrafvis da eZiebs gzebs sakuTari ostatobis

srulyofilebisaken. msaxiobi ver SeZlebs amas, Tu is

ugulebelyofs qcevaTa cxovrebiseul wesebs da adamianis

emociur reaqciebs.

stanislavskis Semdgom, Tavis SemoqmedebiT meTods,

romelic efuZneboda biomeqanikis kanonTa principebs,

amuSavebs v. e. meierholdi. es ukanaskneli Seiswavlis

moZraobaTa sxvadasxva formebs, iyenebs ra biomeqanikur

savarjiSoebs msaxiobis moZraobaTa dasaxvewad, maTgan

akrobatuli sizustisa da simsubuqis misaRwevad. mis

saxelosnoSi gadiodnen samsaxiobo trenaJs, romelic

maT saSualebas aZlevda sworad mignebuli moZraobiTa

da zusti intonaciiT gadmoecaT Sinagani samyaros

emociuri simarTle. meierholdi iyo pirvelTagani,


rogorc Teatraluri pedagogikis Semadgeneli nawili

14

vinc profesiul doneze gaiazra da gamoyo erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani problema, msaxiobis fsiqo-fiziologiur

ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli. `...TeatrSi, principSi,

yvelas unda SeeZlos yvelaferi, xelovnebis am dargis

universalurobis gamo~.1

`sinTezuri~ Teatris Seqmnisaken aseve iswrafvis

a. tairovi, romelic did yuradRebas uTmobs msaxiobis

moZraobasa da plastikas. is nergavs `sinTezuri~

xelovnebis ideas. igive ideebs didi warmatebiT

axorcielebs k. marjaniSvili.

XX saukunis dasawyisidan saqarTvelos Teatralur

cxovrebaSi iwyeba mZafri polemika dramatuli Teatris

ganaxlebasTan da samsaxiobo skolis gaxsnasTan

dakavSirebiT. presaSi qveyndeba gamoxmaurebebi moskovis

TeatrebSi Catarebul reformebze, yvelgan SeiniSneba

plastikisa da cekvis Seswavlis aucilebloba. gadaudebel

amocanad dadga msaxiobTa ganaTlebis sakiTxi. yovelive

amis Sedegad 1911 wels lado mesxiSvilisa da valerian

gunias TaosnobiT daarsda dramatuli kursebi. presaSi ki

kvlav iTxovdnen dramatuli sazogadoebisagan saTeatro

skolis Seqmnas. 1913 wlis 22 dekembers Tbilisis

TeatrSi valerian SalikaSvilma dadga i. gedevaniSvilis

piesa „sinaTle~. es speqtakli iyo `sinTezuri Teatris~

Seqmnis mcdeloba saqarTveloSi.

1918 wels TbilisSi Seiqmna Teatraluri studia

giorgi jabadaris xelmZRvanelobiT. am kedlebidan

gamovidnen iseTi msaxiobebi, rogorebic iyvnen: uSangi

CxeiZe, veriko anjafariZe da Salva RambaSiZe, romelTac

ganapirobes Semdgomi qarTuli Teatris SemoqmedebiTi

saxe. 1920 wels qarTuli Teatris gamoCenili moRvaweebi

_ a. faRava, n. SiukaSvili, S, dadiani, m. qoreli Seecadnen

aRedginaT Tbilisis Teatraluri tradiciebi.

1 Морозова Г.В. «Биомеханика: наука и театральный миф» М., Изд-во ВТУ им. Б.В.Щукина, 2003, с.52.


15

qarTuli Teatris aRorZinebasTan erTad, SoTa

rusTavelis TeatrTan, a. faRavas xelmZRvanelobiT, 1922

wels daarsda saTeatro studia, sadac saxelmwifo doneze

daiwyes axali Taobis msaxiobebis momzadeba. cekvasa da

plastikas eTmoboda kviraSi 4 saaTi, sadac iswavleboda

sxvadasxva poziciebi, batmanebi, varjiSebi da Semdegi

cekvebi: valsi, mazurka, polonuri polonezi, menueti,

lekuri, espanuri, tirolisa, aRmosavluri, ukrainuli da

rusuli. plastikas aswavlida v. venderoviC-JRenti. calke

saaTebi iyo gamoyofili gimnastikaze da farikaobaze. am

studiis pirveli mercxlebi iyvnen: akaki xorava, vaso

goZiaSvili, pier kobaxiZe, sesilia TayaiSvili, maliko

mrevliSvili. plastikas maT valentina venderoviC-

JRenti aswavlida.

1922 wels saqarTveloSi dabrunda kote marjaniSvili,

romelmac dadga ori qarTuli pantomima, romelsac TviTon

daarqva ùsityvo drama~. rogorc TviTon gansazRvravs,

pantomimaSi dadgenili moZraobebi ar arsebobs, isini

- msaxiobis Sinagani moqmedebis mixedviT yovel wuTs

icvlebian.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, qarTul TeatrSi, jer kidev

20-ian wlebSi, ara erTi eqsperimenti ganxorcielda,

saidanac Cans, rom maSinac ki, zustad imave problemebis

gadaWris gzebs eZebdnen, razec axla vfiqrobT.

saqarTvelos Teatraluri xelovnebis istoriaSi sacekvao

xelovneba dramatuli msaxiobis swavlebis procesSi

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs. `Tu msaxiobis fizikuri

momzadebis xarisxi CamorCeba profesiul moTxovnebs, es,

pirvel rigSi, profesionaluri xarisxis dabali Sedegia,

scenaze moZraobis xerxebis arqonaa... maTi arasakmarisi

momzadebis SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad swori sarepeticio

muSaobisa, speqtaklSi SeuZlebelia swori sasceno

gamomsaxvelobiTi formis miRweva~.1

1 Кох И.Е. «Основы сценического движения». Л. Искусство, 1970, с.34



16

ukve 30-ian wlebSi Teatralur studiaSi aswavlidnen

sasceno xelovnebis teqnikas, ritmikas, akrobatikas da

cekvas, Semdgom ukve, evropuli cekvebi iswavleboda calke

sagnad. swavla am studiaSi iyo orwliani da sakmaod

didi dro eTmoboda plastikis ganviTarebas. `xalxma ar

icis rogor gamoiyenos bunebiT dasaCuqrebuli fizikuri

monacemebi, –Ewerda k. s. stanislavski, _ scenaze naCvenebi

msaxiobis sxeuli unda iyos janmrTeli, lamazi da misi

moZraoba – plastikuri da harmoniuli~.1

1935 wlidan studiis xelmZRvanelad iniSneba a.

axmeteli. swavlis xangrZlivoba xdeba samwliani. 1939

wlidan ki daarsda Teatraluri instituti. misaRebi

gamocdebis pirvelad moTxovnebSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom

`defeqtianebi gamocdaze daSvebulni ar iqnebian~.2

institutSi, sxva sagnebTan erTad, iswavleboda plastikur

xelovnebaTa istoria, fizikuri aRzrda, ritmika, cekvebi,

qoreografia, grimi da farikaoba. 1939 wlis 1 seqtembers

Teatraluri institutis studentebs, momaval msaxiobebs,

a. faRavas xelmoweriT daurigda teqsti, sadac igi

wers msaxiobis fsiqoteqnikaze da misi SemoqmedebiTi

meTodebis Sesaxeb da aRniSnavs, rom studentebma swavlis

procesSi aucileblad unda gaigon `...Jesti da misi

roli, mTeli sxeulis monawileoba da misi mniSvneloba,

partniorTan urTierTobis gabma.~3 imave wlis brZanebaSi,

saidanac vgebulobT akaki xoravas reqtorad daniSvnis

Sesaxeb, weria, rom ritmikis kurss Seaswavlis valentina

venderoviC-JRenti, fizikur aRzrdas - konstantine

badriZe, qoreografias - irakli bagrationi. ukve 1943

wels, institutSi Tavisi warmatebuli moRvaweoba

daiwyo cekvis pedagogma valentina gamsaxurdiam,

1 Станисавский, К.С. Собр.соч. в 8 т.,том 3, М.,1955, с.32. 2 Jurnali `TeatrmcodneobiTi da kinomcodneobiTi Zie-

bani~, #3, 2005, gv.25. 3 iqve, gv. 29


17

romelsac dResac ki didi siTboTi ixseneben misi

yofili moswavleebi, cnobili msaxiobebi da reJisorebi.

1947 wels ki sasceno moZraobis kaTedraze muSaobdnen:

v. JRenti, v. gamsaxurdia, anatoli fedorovi, lazare

yazaiSvili, ekaterine kedia. 1949 wlis #129 brZanebidan

vigebT Zalian saintereso faqts, rom sasceno moZraobis

kaTedris gamgis movaleobis Sesruleba daevala dimitri

aleqsiZes, rac albaT ganapiroba iman, rom bavSvobaSi igi

warmatebiT swavlobda m. perinis sabaleto studiaSi da

iRebda monawileobas sabaleto gamosaSveb speqtaklebSi.

Semdgom, ukve sxvadasxva wels, institutSi aswavlidnen

daviT javriSvili, dimitri maWavariani, soloRaSvili,

lili gvaramaZe, jano bagrationi, givi odikaZe, iuri

zarecki da sxvebi; ritmikas - a. moti, miqelaZe, pavlova, n.

kandelaki, m. kaWarava; sasceno moZraobas da farikaobas -

S. aRsabaZe, o. dadiani, S. sxirtlaZe, n. ionaTamiSvili.

dRes universitetSi cekva iswavleba sami wlis

ganmavlobaSi. cekvis kursis damTavrebis Semdeg momavali

msaxiobi unda iyos momzadebuli dramatul TeatrSi

muSaobisaTvis, pasuxobdes reJisorisa da Tanamedrove

sasceno xelovnebis moTxovnebs, teqnikurad sworad

da gamomsaxvelad unda SeeZlos Seasrulos cekvebi

an sacekvao moZraobebi, romlebic SeiZleba Sexvdes

speqtaklebSi, aiTvisos ama Tu im epoqis stili, manera,

varcxniloba, kostiumis tareba, aqsesuarebis floba.

dRemde, cekvis swavlebis ganviTarebas, gakveTilebis

struqturas, Teoriuli da praqtikuli masalis sinTezs,

swavlebis meTodologias udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba

da warmoadgens msaxiobis ostatobis erT-erT Semadgenel

nawils.

aqedan gamomdinare, XX saukunis Sua wlebidan,

saswavlo - praqtikul gamocdilebasa da eqsperimentul

samuSaoebze dayrdnobiT, daiwyo msaxiobis sacekvao

ganaTlebis samecniero principebis SemuSavebis procesi.



18

Tu Cveni amocanaa adamianis msaxiobad aRzrda, upirvelesad

mas unda gamovumuSavoT survilis, inteleqtisa da

qmedebis, anu moZraobis, marTvis SesaZlebloba, unari.

`momaval msaxiobs ver Seaswavli TamaSs, magram mas

SeuZlia iswavlos TamaSi! ar SeiZleba STabero niWi,

magram SeiZleba daexmaro niWis ganviTarebas, da mTavaria

studenti muSaobdes pedagogis xelmZRvanelobiT.~1

msaxiobis aRzrdaSi, garda sxeulisa, upirveles funqcias

tvini da misi gonebrivi ganviTareba asrulebs, raTa man

mis winaSe dasmuli amocanebi gaigos da Seasrulos. aseTi

mosazreba aqvT Tanamedrove Teatris bevr praqtikoss da

Teoretikoss. jer kidev J. dalkrozi aRniSnavda, rom

`Tu misaRwevi xdeba sxeulisa da sulis erToblioba,

xorcieldeba sicocxlis ZiriTadi principi _ azrovnebisa

da moqmedebis erTdrouloba da Tanmimdevruloba.~2

dro ar Cerdeba, amitom bunebrivia, rom swavlebis

meTodikac ganicdis cvlilebebs, xdeba plastikuri

aRzrdis da swavlebis meTodebis srulyofac. Zalian

sainteresoa am TvalsazrisiT eJi marian grotovskis meTodi,

romelic cdilobda msaxiobisaTvis Cveuli ̀ daZabuloba~,

fsiqo-emociuri da fizikuri winaaRmdegobebi moexsna,

epova Tavisuflebis, dadebiTi ganwyobisa da sakuTari

faseulobebis SegrZneba. rodesac muSaobs kunTebis saerTo

jgufi, romelic monawileobas iRebs mocemul moZraobaSi

– iqmneba moZraobis siRaribis SegrZneba. xolo, cocxali

qmedeba sruldeba Cveuli, Tavisufali, avtomaturi

moZraobebiT, romelSic CarTulia mTeli sxeuli. fsiqo-

teqnika ibadeba praqtikaSi, gamocdilebiT. organizmi

TviTon gamomimuSavebs cxovrebaSi da speqtaklebSi

saWiro unarebs da isini xdebian Semdgom Semoqmedebis

qvecnobieri damxmareebi. samsaxiobo trenings moswavlis

1 Гиппиус, С.В.«Актёрский тренинг.Гимнастика чувств», изд.Прайм-Еврознак, 2006, с.275 2 Эмиль Жак Далькроз. «Ритм». М, 2008.


19

SemoqmedebiTi aparati mohyavs SemoqmedebiTi procesis

moTxovnebis SesabamisobaSi, srulyofs nervuli sistemis

plastiurobas da exmareba msaxiobs fsiqo-fizikuri

sxeulis daxvewaSi.

fsiqoTerapevtma maTias frederik aleqsanderma

SeimuSava sakuTari funqciuri meTodi, romelic

mdgomareobs sxeulis kunTebis Tavisufal daWimulobaSi

ise, rom moZraobebi iyos modunebuli. `moZraoba _

cxovrebaa, cxovreba ki warmoudgenelia moZraobis gareSe,

xolo adamianis saxe misi gamocdilebis Sedegia~,1 _

aRniSnavs germaneli fsiqoTerapevti moiSe feldenkraizi,

romlis meTodi gaTvlilia mizanmimarTuli, ekonomiuri

moZraobis Seswavlaze.

amas garda, Cven viciT iseTi sistemur-meToduri

midgomebi, rogorebicaa _ labanis, aStonis, pilatesas,

grexemis da sxvaTa sxeulTan muSaobis meTodebi.

dasavleTis Teatralur skolebSi aswavlian sabrZolo

xelovnebas: karate, uSu, tekvan-do, tai-Ci, iogas, da

a. S., plastikas, sadac Sedis pantomima, sakontaqto

improvizaciis meTodi, cekvas: klasika, jazi, moderni da

a.S., magram iseTi gaerTianebuli sagani, rogoricaa ̀ cekva~,

rogorc CvenTanaa miRebuli, romelSic Tavmoyrilia yvela

mimarTulebebi, rac saWiroa dramatuli TeatrisTvis _

iq ar aris.

sxvadasxva skolis gamocdilebisa da maTi

profesionaluri momzadebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Cven

SevecadeT srulgveyo da gagveTanamedrovebina sagani

`cekvis~ programa da saswavlo meTodika, radgan

es mimarTulia msaxiobis sxeulis Camoyalibebis,

ganviTarebisa da srulyofisaken, misi plastikuri

fantaziis aRzrdisa da moZraobis gamomsaxvelobisaken.

`msaxiobis sxeuli _ SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis iaraRia.

da, ramdenad ufro kargad da zustad iqneba awyobili

1 Feldenkrais Moshe.Awareness through mowement: helthexercises for personal growth. Lst Harper Collins pbk.ed.1990. - p.20



20

es instrumenti, damokidebulia ara mxolod moswavleze,

aramed, Teatraluri skolis pedagogiur meTodikaze,

romliTac izrdeba msaxiobi.~1

studentebi, msaxiobis gare teqnikaze muSaobisas,

iZenen praqtikul codnas da misi gamoyenebis unars,

TviTgamoxatvis SesaZleblobebs plastikis saSualebiT,

aviTareben da srulyofen sakuTari moZraobebis

saSemsruleblo sizustes, anu meTodikas, scenuri

moednis aTvisebas, SemoqmedebiTad fiqrisa da qmedebis

unars. plastikis sagnebis pedagogebma gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba unda miaqcion mexsierebis, yuradRebis, nebisyofis,

siswrafis, koordinaciis, moxerxebulobis, fsiqo-

motoruli reaqciis, partniorTan urTierTmoqmedebis

ganviTarebas. stanislavski aRniSnavda, rom navarjiSebi

sxeulisTvis plastikuroba, moqniloba da sulieri

SegrZneba ganuyofelia.

vinaidan, samsaxiobo ostatobis swavlebaSi arsebiTi

mniSvneloba eniWeba Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi

specialistebis aRzrdas, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos

is problema, rom, Teatralur umaRles saswavleblebSi

cekvis swavlebis meTodologiebi naklebad Seswavlilia.

am sagans ki aqvs meToduri safuZveli, programuli

moTxovnebi, sakuTari miznebi da amocanebi. pedagog-

qoreografi, romelic aswavlis Teatralur umaRles

saswavlebelSi, farTo kvalifikaciis specialistia, man

unda icodes klasikuri, saxasiaTo, saistorio-yofiTi,

samejliso da Tanamedrove cekvebis swavlebis meTodika.

qarTul enaze ki am sferoSi meToduri da samecniero

naSromebis naklebobaa, rac ufro aRrmavebs am problemas.

zustad amisaTvis, Cven 30 welze metia vikvlevT da

yoveldRiur pedagogiur praqtikaSi vatarebT siaxleebs,

raTa Teoriisa da praqtikis meToduri Ziebani saerTo

1 Круглова, А.Г. «Сценическое движение. Педагогика телесного воспитания актёра». М, 2008, с.54.


21

koncefciamde miviyvanoT. erTaderTi saxelmZRvanelo -

e. vasilievas `cekva~, romelic arsebobs Teatraluri

umaRlesi saswavleblebisaTvis, iyo gamoSvebuli 1968

wels ruseTSi. am wignSi iyo ganxiluli marto klasikuri

cekvis moZraobebi, saistorio-yofiTi cekvebi da ramdenime

xalxuri cekva, romelic dRes ukve veRar pasuxobs

Tanamedrove aRzrdis moTxovnilebebs. unda aRvniSnoT,

rom bolo wlebSi sazRvargareT bevri saxelmZRvanelo

daibeWda sasceno moZraobis Tematikaze, magram arcerTi

_ cekvis swavlebaze, im saxiT, rogoric saWiroa dramis

msaxiobebisaTvis.

aqedan gamomdinare, Cveni ZiriTadi amocanaa swavlebis

Tanamedrove formebis, meToduri literaturisa da

saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmna, axali meTodikis danergva

saswavlo procesSi. Cven gvinda aRvzardoT Tanamedrove

msaxiobi da, zustad amitom, Cven gvWirdeba swavlebis

meTodikis axali saxelmZRvanelo, razec axla vmuSaob.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

Э. Гугушвили. «Котэ Марджанишвили» М.,1979, с.263.• d. kobaxiZe `Teatraluri ganTiadis win~. gam-ba: •

`mwignobari~, Tb., 2010.

almanaxi „Teatri“, 1909, #7.•

Jurn. `Teatri da cxovreba~, 1914, #17. •

gaz. „cnobis furceli“, 1905. •

Jurn. „faskunji~, 1909, #4.•

k. ninikaSvili `rusTavelis Teatri~, Tb., 1981. •



22

nino sanadiraZe,

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis kinosa da Teatris


xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori.

kulturis sferos marTvis

Taviseburebebi

kulturis sferoSi moRvawe organizaciebi

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli uwyebrivi daqvemdebarebiT

da organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebiT gamoirCeva.

magaliTad, amgvar subieqtebad SeiZleba mogvevlinos

saxelmwifo, municipaluri, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi,

agreTve kerZo pirebic (SemdgomSi – kompaniebi, studiebi

da sxvadasxva iuridiuli erTeulebi).

kulturis sferos menejmentze saubrisas

gasaTvaliswineblia Semdegi garemoebebi: kulturis

sferos marTvis procesebi damokidebulia ara marto

socialur-kulturul konteqstze da socialur-

kulturul garemoze, aramed, Tavadac iZens socialur-

kulturul niSan-Tvisebebs. ufro metic – yoveli

iuridiuli Tu kerZo kompania droTa ganmavlobaSi

sul ufro mkafiod gvevlineba kulturis sferos

saqmianobis ganmsazRvreladac. kulturis sferoSi

moRvawe organizaciebis saqmianoba TanamSromlobisa

da urTierTgacvlis gareSe SeuZlebelia, ris gamoc

xdeba partnioroba sxvadasxva biznes struqturebTan

da gansxvavebuli tipis organizaciebTan - iqneba es

sponsorobis institutis ganviTareba, qvelmoqmedeba,

sazogadoebasTan urTierToba (PR) Tu sxva. amdenad, cxadi xdeba Semdegi - kulturis sferos marTvis sakiTxebis

gaanalizeba gansakuTrebul interess warmoadgens Semdeg

mizezTa gamo: uwinares yovlisa, kulturis sferos

marTvis arsSi zogadad menejmentis sruli speqtri

23

moiazreba. meore _ amgvari ganxilvis perspeqtivebi

mniSvnelovania kulturis sferos da saqmiani aqtivobis

sxva sferoebis urTierTTanamSromlobis SesaZleblobisa

da aucileblobis garkvevisaTvis. kulturis sferos

marTvis mTavari Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

miTiTebul sferoSi Semosavlebis miReba xdeba ara

sargeblis miRebis mizniT, aramed dainteresebuli

donorebis mozidvis xarjze – sponsoroba, patronaJi,

qvelmoqmedeba da sxva. kulturis sferos dagegmvas

umeteswilad centraluri adgili ukavia menejmentis

sistemaSi, imdenad, ramdenadac is winaswar gansazRvravs

konkretul periodSi gansaxorcielebeli saqmianobis

mimarTulebas da Sinaarss. ufro metic, dafinanseba,

materialuri da sxva msgavsi uzrunvelyofa

gamomdinareobs konkretuli gegmidan. dagegmili samuSaos

Sinaarsidan da misi uzrunvelyofis SesaZleblobidan

gamomdinare, romlis mixedviTac ganisazRvreba kompaniis

organizaciuli struqturis tipi, adamianuri resursebi,

prduqtebi, momxmarebelebi da sxva rac, Tavis mxriv,

gansazRvravs aRricxvisa da kontrolis meTodebs da

xasiaTs. mTlianad es erToblioba ki (miznebis gansazRvra

da maTi miRwevis gzebi) SeiZleba Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT

warmovidginoT:

saqmianobis Sinaarsi;• dafinaseba da sxva uzrunvelyofa;• organizaciuli struqtura;• moTxovnebi personalis mimarT;• kadrebis SerCeva, ganawileba, waxaliseba;• aRricxvis, angariSgebisa da kontrolis sistema.•

kulturis sferos menejmentis specifikas, rogorc

wesi, `sulieri warmoebis~ Taviseburebebs ukavSireben.

amgvari saqmianobis ̀ produqtebi~ ara imdenad sagnobrivi

xasiaTisaa, ramdenadac azrovnebis fenomenebs (aRqmas,

gagebas, gancdas da sxv.) ukavSirdeba da uSualo

24

daTvlasa da Sejamebas ar eqvemdebareba. xSirad, maTi

warmoeba maT gamoyenebas emTxveva (speqtaklis, kinofilmis

Cveneba, koncertze daswreba, wignis kiTxva). ufro metic,

materialuri warmoebis produqtebisgan gansxvavebiT,

romlebic gamoyenebis procesSi cvdeba, kulturuli

faseulobebi gamoyenebisas sul ufro met Rirebulebas

iZens (mag., rac ufro metma adamianma waikiTxa esa Tu is

wigni, uyura speqtakls, films, mousmina koncerts – miT

ufro maRalia maTi socialuri mniSvneloba).

kulturis sferos arakomerciuli xasiaTi sulac

ar niSnavs, rom igi biznesisTvis mimzidveli ar

aris. dReisaTvis mTel msoflioSi arakomerciuli

(nonprofitable) seqtori – ekonomikis erT-erTi

yvelaze swrafad mzardi seqtoria. arakomerciuli

sferos, sajaroobidan da socialuri mniSvnelobidan

gamomdinare, mkveTrad gamoxatuli sareklamo potenciali

gaaCnia, rac, Tavis mxriv, donorebs mimzidveli imijis,

reputaciis, socialuri statusis formirebis da

ganvrcobis saSualebas aZlves. biznesisa da kulturis

urTierTTanamSromlobas sazogadoebis ganviTarebisa da

gardaqmnisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia da

samoqalaqo sazogadoebisTvis realizebis saSualebas

warmoadgens, romlis gaTvaliswinebiTac SesaZlebelia

gamovyoT kulturisa da xelovnebis zegavlenis ramdenime

aspeqti Tanamedrove sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze:

a) kulturis sferos uSualo gavlena ekonomikaze:

kulturis da xelovnebis sfero qmnis konkretul

samuSao adgilebs, aqvs sakuTari avtonomiuri gasaRebis

bazari, gaaCnia sainvesticio potenciali, uSualo wvlili

Seaqvs konkretuli regionis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi; -

kultura da xelovneba ganaTlebis, masmediis, turizmis,

garTobis industriis ganviTarebis ZiriTad wyaros

warmoadgens.

b) uSualo socialuri zegavlena: kultura da

nino sanadiraZe

25

xelovneba uzrunvelyofs socialurad mniSvnelovani

moRvaweobis sxvadasxva saxeebs, dasvenebis organizebas,

pozitiurad zemoqmedebs adamianTa cnobierebaze, xels

uwyobs pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis sulier ganviTarebas

da SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovlenas;

g) iribi ekonomikuri zegavlena: kultura da xelovneba

socialurad momgebiani sferoa, imdenad, ramdenadac axdenen

sazogadoebis faseulobaTa, cnebaTa akumulirebasa da

translirebas, romlebic komerciuli da arakomerciuli

saqmianobis drosac gamoiyeneba. biznesisa da menejmentis

iseTi Tanamedrove teqnologiebis arseboba, rogoricaa,

reklama, sazogadoebasTan urTierToba - PR, personalTan

muSaoba, korporaciuli kulturisa da safirmo stilis

Camoyalibeba, warmoudgenelia socialur-kulturuli

moRvaweobis tradiciuli formebis gamoyenebis, kulturis

sferos seqtorTan TanamSromlobis gareSe;

d) iribi socialuri zegavlena: kultura da

xelovneba amdidrebs socialur garemos, ris Sedegadac

izrdeba kulturisa da xelovnebis roli socialur

komunikaciaSi, maT Soris, Tanamedrove teqnologiebis

gamoyenebiT.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, winamdebare statiis

mizans warmoadgens kulturis sferos ganviTarebis

dagegmvis TaviseburebaTa gamovlena. cnebaSi ̀ kulturis

sfero~ igulisxmeba sawarmoTa, dawesebulebaTa da

arakomerciul organizaciaTa erToblioba, romlebic,

oficialuri klasifikaciis Tanaxmad, ganekuTvneba

kulturisa da xelovnebis qmnilebebis, aramaterialuri

momsaxurebis mwarmoebel, saxalxo meurneobis

sxvadasxva seqtors. kulturis sferos ganviTarebis

dagegmva unda warmoadgendes miznobrivi orientaciisa

da aucilebeli Sedegebis miRwevis, kulturis

sferoSi moRvawe sxvadasxva subieqtis saqmianobis

efeqturobis amaRlebis, sazogadoebisTvis kulturis

kulturis sferos marTvis Taviseburebebi

26

sferos momsaxurebis miwodebis uzrunvelyofis

mizniT gansaxorcielebel RonisZiebaTa erTobliobas.

kulturis sferos menejeri zedmiwevniT unda flobdes

komerciuli da arakomerciuli saqmianobis marketings,

erkveodes ekonomikasa da samarTalSi da flobdes

menejerisaTvis aucilebel sxva unar-Cvevebs, romelTa

gamoyenebiTac unda xdebodes strategiuli dagegmareba.

strategiuli dagegmarebis SemTxvevaSi misi zemoqmedeba

gare cvlilebebze orsaxovania: grZelvadiani zemoqmedeba

gulisxmobs strategiul gegmebs, moqmedeba xdeba gegmiuri

ciklis gareT, realuri drois reJimSiDda ganxorcieleba

aucilebelia eqvemdebarebodes erTian misias, romlis

miRweva SesaZlebeli xdeba taqtikuri amocanebis

gansazRvris dros. kulturis sferos strategiuli

dagegmareba unda xorcieldebodes kulturis yvela

qvedargisaTvis da sasurvelia gamoyenebuli iqnes Semdegi

kriteriumebi:

kulturis sferos saerTo-ekonomikuri • ganviTareba, rac ganapirobebs ekonomikuri pirobebis

formirebas, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, SeZlebs uzrunvelyos

kulturis sferoSi moRvawe subieqtTa momsaxurebis

bazris konkurentunarianoba da maRali safinanso-

ekonomikuri Sedgebi;

kulturis sferos dawesebulebebisa da • sawarmoebis teqnikuri aRWurvisaken mimarTuli inovaciuri

ganviTareba da yvela im samecniero miRwevaTa danergva

da gamoyeneba, romelic xels uwyobs efeqturobasa da

momsaxurebis xarisxis amaRlebas;

kulturis sferos Semadgeneli instituciebis • xelSewyoba Tanamedrove bazarTan da moTxovnebTan

mimarTebaSi, maTi ZiriTadi ekonomikuri parametrebis

Semcirebis mniSvnelovani tendenciebis gansazRvra

(msgavsi instituciebia: biblioTekebi, samecniero Tu sxva

kulturul-dasasvenebeli dawesebulebebi, kulturuli

nino sanadiraZe

27

memkvidreobis Zeglebi da sxva).

kulturis sferos dafinansebis, mxardaWerisa da

ganviTarebis msoflio gamocdilebam gviCvena, rom

arsebobs kulturis ekonomikis sami ZiriTadi tipi,

dafinansebis meqanizmis mixedviT: `romanuli~ tipi (mag.,

italiaSi, espaneTSi, safrangeTSi) – rodesac kultura

finansdeba centralizebulad, saxelmwifo saxsrebis

xarjze. italiaSi kulturuli aqciebis da xelovnebis

dafinansebis ganxorcielebis ufleba aqvT mxolod

samTavrobo organizaciebs an saxelmwifos ndobiT

aRWurvil kerZo pirebs.

`germanuli~ tipi, rac damaxasiaTebelia germaniis

federaciuli respublikisa da skandinaviis qveynebisaTvis.

am SemTxvevaSi centraluri xelisuflebis mier

xorcieldeba mxolod paternaluri mxardaWera, xolo

saxelmwifo dafinanseba, umeteswilad, adgilobrivi

biujetebidan da damoukidebeli struqturebidan Tu

fondebidan warmoebs.

ànglo-amerikuli~ tipi – saxelmwifo gvevlineba

garkveuli mimarTulebebis mxardamWerad, dafinanseba

ki xorcieldeba kerZo kapitalis mozidvis, maT Soris,

sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis xarjze.

kulturis sferos marTvis Taviseburebebze

saubrisas aucilebelia aRiniSnos kulturis sferos

marketingis Taviseburebebic; zemoT aRniSnuli sakiTxebi

ganapirobebs kulturis sferos, rogorc arakomerciuli

saqmianobis marketingis Taviseburebebs da komerciuli

sferoebis tradiciuli marketingisagan gansxvavebiT

sxvadasxva Sresgan Sedgeba. xSirad, arakomerciul

sferoSi, gadaxdisunarianobis mqone subieqti da uSualo

momxmarebeli erTi da imave pirebs ar warmoadgenen.

magaliTad, kulturis sferos tipur momxmareblebs

ganekuTvnebian sazogadoebis sxvadasxva segmenturi

jgufebi - bavSvebi, mozardebi, socialurad daucveli

kulturis sferos marTvis Taviseburebebi

28

pirebi, unarSezRuduli da mzrunvelobas moklebuli

sazogadoeba, veteranebi da sxv. maTTan muSaoba, ukamaToa

rom aucilebelia, magram vin anazRaurebs maTTvis gaweuli

momsaxurebis safasurs? miRebuli produqtis (iqneba

es speqtakli, warmodgena, gamofena, koncerti Tu sxva)

safasuris nawils xSir SemTxvevaSi ixdis an mzrunveli/

mSobeli, mxolod erTeul SemTxvevebSi finansdeba

sabiujeto organizaciebisagan, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki msgavsi

tipis RonisZiebebis gamarTva saqvelmoqmedo fondebis,

donorebisa Tu sxvadasxva organizacebis patronaJiT

xorciledeba.

yvela zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare ki SegviZlia

davaskvnaT Semdegi – kulturis sferos bazris

Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb: Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi

kulturis sferoSi, ori sxvadasxva tipis bazari

moqmedebs: momxmarebelTa bazari da donorTa bazari.

sakmaod Znelia imis gansazRvra, Tu romelia maTgan

pirveladi: jer ganisazRvreba momxmarebelTa moTxovnebi

da Semdgom xdeba donorebis moZieba, Tu piriqiT –

momxmareblis `SeZena~ warmoebs im donorTa interesebis

uzrunvelsayofad, romlebic mzad arian gaiRon Tanxa am

jgufebTan garkveuli saqmianobis Catarebis sanacvlod.


James Heilbrun • - The Economics of Art and culture, 2007.Iain Robertson - Understanding international art markets and • management, 2005.Derrick Chong - Art management, 2006.• Armstrong Gary – Marketing and art management, 2007.• Phillip Kotler – Marketing – introduction, 2007• .

nino sanadiraZe

29

maia sigua,

Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoria

musikis Teoriisa da kompoziciis fakulteti

sadoqtoro programa – musikis istoria.

I wlis doqtoranti. xelmZRvaneli: musikologiis

doqtori, asoc. prof. qeTevan bolaSvili

musikisa da dramis urTierTqmedebis

modifikaciebi musikalur TeatrSi

(XX saukunis II naxevris ramdenime

nawarmoebis magaliTze)

XX saukunis II naxevars evropuli da amerikuli

musikaluri kultura ukve Camoyalibebuli da

deklarirebuli avangardiT Sexvda. es iyo erT-erTi

yvelaze radikaluri, tradiciis uarmyofeli mimdinareoba,

romlis konteqstSic Rrma fesvebisa da tradiciebis

mqone operis Janris warmodgenac ki SeuZlebeli

unda yofiliyo. am periodSi `mTeli yuradReba

fundamentalistebisken iyo mimarTuli~.1 magram 1955

wels erT-erTma `fundamentalistma~ pier bulezma Jan-

lui baros Teatris speqtakl òresteasTvis~ musika

Seqmna, xolo 1961 wels veneciis Teatro la Fenice-Si dadga darmStadtis skolis warmomadgenlis luiji nonos

opera Intolleranza 1960 (daumorCilebloba 1960), amgvarad avangardistuli `spilos Zvlis koSkic~ Signidan

gatyda.

ZiriTadma avangardistulma principebma am periodis

musikaze Tavisi kvali mainc datoves. `kompozitorTa

Taoba, romelmac analitikuri ormocdaaTianebi gamoiara,

standartul Janrebs jer isev eWviT uyurebda. igi

im axali musikalur-Teatraluri formebis gamoCenas

1 Griffiths P (1995). Modern Music and After: Directions Since 1945 Oxford University Press, p. 171.

30

eloda, romelic aRmocendeboda axali masalidan ufro

ukeT, vidre didi xnis manZilze milevadi tradiciebidan.

amitom, saopero Teatrebic da artistebic Tavs

itanjavdnen musikisa da Teatris axleburi erTianobis

gamogonebiT, sanam jon keijma _ gansakuTrebiT 50-ianebSi

tiudorisTvis dawerili safortepiano piesebiT _ ar

aCvena, rom araviTari àxali erTianoba~ saWiro ar iyo,

rom yovelgvari musika Tavisi bunebiT Teatraluria,

yovelgvari warmodgena (performance) _ drama~.1

qvemoT musikisa da dramis erTianobis WrilSi

SevexebiT am periodis ramdenime avtoris ramdenime

nawarmoebs. esenia: ianis qsenakisis òrestea~, luiji

nonos `promeTeo~, luCano berios òpera~ da `mefe

usmens~, robert eSlis `srulyofili cxovreba~, dierd

ligetis `diadi mkvdari~, jon keijis èvroperebi~, stiv

raixis `mRvime~. am nawarmoebebSi es sakiTxi aqtualuria

imdenad, ramdenadac gaCnda cneba àntiopera~; daiwera

opera òpera~; gaCnda opera vizualuri Teatraluri

elementis gareSe; operebi, romlebic scenaze dadgmisTvis

ar iyo gankuTvnili da a. S. faqtobrivad, erTiani

organizmi, romelic sami saukunis manZilze, ramdenime

krizisisa da reformis miuxedavad, musikisa da dramis

organul, ganuyofel Senadnobs warmoadgenda, Semadgenel

komponentebad daiSala. logikurad, es procesi imTaviTve

miuTiTebda, rom am Janrs momavali ar unda hqonoda, Tumca,

aseTi nimuSebi, romlebsac, Tu tradiciuli kriteriumebiT

mivudgebiT, sxvas verafers vuwodebT, Tu ara invalids

(arasrulfasovans), dRemde Tamamad atareben operis

statuss. daviwyoT Janris definiciiT.

sxvadasxva enciklopediasa Tu leqsikonSi opera

sxvadasxvagavarad ganimarteba, magram yvela maTganSi

cnebebi musika da drama _ yovelTvis erTmaneTTan

1 Griffiths P (1995). Modern Music and After: Directions Since 1945. Oxford University Press, p. 171.

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kavSirSia naxsenebi da es savsebiT bunebrivia, Tu operis

dabadebis ambavs gavixsenebT. es Janri sworedac musikisa

da dramis hibridia, magram Tanafardoba am or ZiriTad

komponents Soris yovelTvis Tanabari ar yofila. aman

araerTxel gamoiwvia operis krizisebi, romelTa mizezi

balansis musikis sasargeblod rRveva iyo.

Cvens gansaxilvel nawarmoebTa Soris ianis

qsenakisis òresteaSi~, garkveulwilad, TiTqmis arc

araferi Secvlila, magram masSi veRar vxvdebiT scenur

qmedebas _ dramis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes komponents.

igives gameoreba SeiZleba ligetis operaze `diadi

mkvdari~. igi mTlianad Teatris da mis nairsaxeobaTa

wesebzea dafuZnebuli. libretoSi erTmaneTs farsi,

absurdis Teatri, tragikomikuri bufonada, balaganuri

da marionetuli warmodgenebi, flamanduri karnavalis

feradovneba erwymis Caplinis xelovnebas da sagazeTo

karikaturul stils. is, rac gelderodis piesas

axasiaTebs, zustad gaimeores ligetim da misma

libretistma mixael meSkem. `musikaluri movlenebi

piradapir mihyveba moqmedebas, xSirad momxdaris aSkara

ilustracias warmoadgens sacirko komizmis elferiT~.1

nawarmoebi interpretaciis mraval SesaZleblobas uSvebs,

amitomac, sxvadasxva Teatri sxvadasxvagvarad dgams mas:

rogorc `jadosnuri fleitis~ Tanamedrove perifrazas

(bolonia), realistur-siurrealistur farss beketis

stilSi (niurnbergi), iumoristul warmodgenas daRupvis

piras (hamburgi).

ligeti misTvis miuReblad miiCnevda vagner-

Straus-bergis tradicias da ambobda, rom undoda misi

idealebis _ mocartis, monteverdis, verdis tradicias

gayoloda. miuxedavad misi am survilisa, migvaCnia, rom

saerTo jamSi, nawarmoebSi wamyvani Teatraluri sawyisia

1 Савенко С (1987). Приключения в воображаемом пространстве. Замет-Савенко С (1987). Приключения в воображаемом пространстве. Замет-ки о творчестве Д. Лигети . в журн. СМ. № 6, с. 115-116.

musikisa da dramis urTierTqmedebis modifikaciebi musikalur TeatrSi

32

da Seucvleli safuZveli musikis mier saxeebisa da

xasiaTebis SeqmnisaTvis.

rogorc Cans, dramasTan mimarTebaSi musikaluri

sawyisis upiratesobis xazgasma gansaxilvel sxva

nawarmoebebSi erTgvar tendenciad yalibdeba da,

SesaZloa, saopero warsulis winaaRmdeg wasvlis erT-

erT saSualebadac moiazrebodes.

TavianTi Soreuli `winaprebisagan~ gansxvavebiT

beriom da nonom sruliad gansxvavebuli gzebi ipoves im

àxali erTianobis~ ZiebaSi, romelzec grifitsi werda.

`musikaluri procesi, romelic akontrolebs narativs~

_ ase ayalibebs berio Tavis mizans: musikis uzenaesobis

xelaxla damtkicebas glukisa da vagneris reformis

sapirispirod,1 amitom, òpera~ operaa, sadac avtori Tavs

aridebs Txrobas tradiciuli maneriT, magram gvaZlevs

ara erT, aramed sam paralelurad ganviTarebad siuJetur

xazs. esenia: miTi orfevsze monteverdis òrfeodan~,

niu-iorkis Open Theatre-is speqtakli Terminal da `titanikis~ daRupvis ambavi, amasTan, gamoyenebulia

savsebiT tradiciuli nomruli struqtura.

Tavis sxva opus-ebSi berio TandaTan cvlis da

arTulebs Tavis midgomas. `marTal ambavSi~ moyolilia

ara ambavi, aramed gamravlebuli SesaZlo ambebi; xolo

operaSi `mefe usmens~, avtorisave TqmiT, `nawarmoebi

TviTon mogviTxrobs, Tu rogor transformirdeba operad~2

(monteverdis zemoT citirebuli midgomis sapirispirod).

umberto ekosTan dialogSi berio SeniSnavs, rom igi

ramdenime doneze interpretaciis saSualebas iZleva da

maT Soris umartivesi _ operaa, iseve, rogorc mwerlis

cnobil romanSi3, romelic sabaziso doneze SeiZleba

1 Jacobson B. Opera’s Deconstructionist // http://www.metoprtafamily.org/operanews2 Jacobson B. Opera’s Deconstructionist // http://www.metoprtafamily.org/operanews3 igulisxmeba `vardis saxeli~.

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aRqmuli iyos, rogorc deteqtivi.1 miuxedavad imisa, rom am

opus-Si uaryofilia Txrobis tradiciuli manera, berios

miaCnia, rom mis scenur moqmedebas, teqsts da musikas

aerTianebs is, rac maT ganacalkevebs kidevac: igi xSirad

epyroba am sam elements, rogorc sam damoukidebel arss.

`swored maTi urTierTobis permanentuli aramdgradobis

Sedegia maTi erTianobac. xandaxan moqmedebis mizezi

teqstia, xandaxan _ piriqiT; xandaxan musika teqstiTa

da moqmedebiTaa motivirebuli, xandaxan _ piriqiT~ _

ambobs kompozitori.2

nawarmoebis Seqmnis impulsi franc kafkac dRiuris

fragmenti3 da rolan bartis ese gaxda, romelSic avtori

ganasxvavebs gagonebas (hearing), rogorc fiziologiur

fenomensa da mosmenas (listening), rogorc fsiqologiur

aqts. operis dramaturgia mTavari personaJis, prosperos

mier gagonil da mosmenil movlenebs Soris konfliqts

emyareba, amitomac garegnulad srulyofili drama

ganviTarebis yvela etapiT beriosTan TiTqmis ar aris.

mosmenis, rogorc fenomenis Tematika, aqtualuria

luiji nonos `promeTeoSic~, magram, sxvagvarad.

`kompozitori fiqrobda operaze, an ufro zustad, Musica per dramatica-ze yovelgvari vizualuri da scenuri

aspeqtebis gareSe. erTi sityviT, drama aq _ musikaSia~.4

nawarmoebi, romelic calkeul wyaroebSi moxseniebulia,

rogorc opera, promeTeze miTis mraval sxvadasxva versias

warmoadgens. magram, radgan misi libreto ramdenime

avtoris teqstebisagan Sekruli kompilaciaa da masTan

nonos sruliad Taviseburi damokidebuleba aqvs: xSirad

saerTod gaugebaria Tu ra sityvebs warmoTqvamen

momRerlebi. Sesabamisad, araa dramac. `vizualuri

1 Jacobson B. ix.: iqve.2 ix.: iqve.3 ̀ ... me vzivar Cems oTaxSi _ binis yvelaze xmaurian nawilSi... mesmis

karis yoveli mijaxuneba...~ da a. S. ix.: Jacobson. B. 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Nono#1980s


34

warmodgena nonos mier kategoriulad ikrZaleba, radgan

teqstic da gamosaxulebac misTvis erTi saerTo niSnis

qveS erTiandeba da upirispirdeba musikas, rogorc

fenomens~.1 gansxvavebiT italielebisagan, romelTac

memkvidreobiT miiRes garkveuli saopero normebi da

dogmebi da TavianTi gzac maTi uaryofiT, anda maTSi

cvlilebebis SetaniT ipoves, amerikelebi _ eSli, keiji

da raixi TamaSis wesebs TviTon igoneben.

70-ianebis bolos Seqmnili pirveli teleoperis

`srulyofili cxovrebis~ (Perfect Lives) avtori robert eSli iyenebs ganviTarebul, TiTqmis daxlarTul siuJetur

xazs, sadac erTi ZiriTadi ambis garSemo ramdenime

sxva patar-patara ambavic erTiandeba. aRsaniSnavia,

rom nawarmoebs aqvs formaluri modeli _ tibeturi

`wigni gardacvlilebze~.2 meore amerikeli, jon keiji

xazgasmiT ar cnobs warsulis moTxovnebs. metic, igi

am SemTxvevaSi motivirebuli iyo SekveTiT, dawera

òperis, rogorc aseTis gardauvali uaryofa~.3 keiji

damoukidebel erTeulebad aviTarebs musikas, teqstsa da

scenografias da SeniSnavs, rom es parametrebi arian

`damoukidebelni, magram Tanaarsni~.4 avtoris TqmiT, aseTi

midgomis safuZveli cirkis (amfiTeatris) koncefcia

gaxda. cirkis msgavsad èvroperebSic~ warmodgenis

yvela parametri erTi batonis, SemTxvevis (Chance) monaa. keijTan SemTxveva gansazRvravs TiTqmis yvelafers,

maT Soris dekoraciebis, kostiumebis, rekvizitis da

TamaSis (aqciis) SerCevis principsac. damoukideblobis,

magram Tanaarsebobis deklarirebiT keiji kategoriulad

1 Beyst S. Luigi Nono: Il Prometeo a revolutionary’s swansong // http://d-sites.net/english/nono.htm 2 Левин Л (1990). Американский оперний театр 1970-1980-х годов: про-блемы и решения. В сб. Музыкальный театр, события, проблемы. Мо-сква: Музыка, с. 270.3 Beyst S. ix. iqve. 4 iqve.

maia sigua

35

uaryofs vagneriseuli Gesamtkunstwerk-is ideas.`SemTxveviTi (Chance) operaciebis ganzogadebas

moaqvs musikis transformireba multimediur sinaTle

– bgeriT peizaJebad, anda, _ droiTi aspeqtis xazgasma

_ hefeningad qceva~.1 hefeningad, da ara Teatrad,

radganac aq saqme gvaqvs ara dadgmul dramasTan, aramed

realur movlenebTan, romlebic yovel jerze icvlebian.

dramaturgia mobiluria da ganumeorebeli, amitom, aq

SeuZlebelia vifiqroT musikisa da dramis tradiciul

kavSirze, rac beriosTan da nonosTanac ki, Znelad, magram

mainc SeiZleboda.

aseve SeuZlebelia am gagebiT msjeloba stiv raixis

`mRvimeze~, Tumca, keijisgan gansxvavebiT, raixi acxadebs,

rom man Seqmna musikaluri Teatris axali saxe. `1988

wels Sevqmeni `gansxvavebuli matareblebi~ da igi

iwyebs axal Teatralur mimarTulebas [...] veli, rom

es iqneba dasawyisi axali _ dokumenturi musikaluri

videoTeatris _ saxeobisa da es dasawyisi arcTu Soreul

momavalSia~ _ werda raixi 1988 wels.2

`mRvime~, Cveni azriT, beriosa da ligetisgan

gansxvavebiT, naTeli ilustraciaa imisa, Tu rogor

qmnis musika dramas, Tu dramaze am nawarmoebSi saerTod

SeiZleba laparaki. raixs, keijis msgavsad, xelTa aqvs

masala _ uamravi interviu erTsa da imave kiTxvebze

da maT organizebas musikaluri interesebis Sesabamisad

axdens. raixi ambobs: àq ar aris rolebi, rom vinmem

Tqvas: es TamaSobs abraams, es ki ismaels. es bibliuri

personaJebi interviuerebis sityvebSi cxovroben~3

cxadia, vokalistebi da instrumentalistebi aseve

uzrunvelyofen dramatul elements, ramdenadac, umartives

doneze dramatul komponents Seicaven TviTon bibliuri

1 iqve.2 Schwarz Robert K. (1993). From Antiquity to the Future: The Cave Brings Musical Theatre into the XXI century // Hendon Music. Boosey and Hawkes. p. 193 iqve.


36

moTxrobebi, magaliTad, abraamis ambavi, moTxrobili

ebraelebis, arabebisa da amerikelebis mier.1

amgvarad, Cveni azriT, am da sxva msgavsi nawarmoebebis

SemTxvevaSi ufro optimalurad gveCveneba ara termin

operis, aramed musikaluri Teatris gamoyeneba, radgan

musikaluri Teatri, farTo gagebiT, moicavs warmodgenis

yovelgvar saxes, rac musikisa da Teatris meSveobiT

xorcieldeba. masSi erTiandebian rogorc damoukidebeli,

Camoyalibebuli maxasiaTeblebis mqone Janrebi (rogoricaa

opera Tavisi yvela nairsaxeobiT), ise TavianTi arsiT

arastabiluri Janrebi: musikaluri performansi, hefeningi

da msgavsi sxva movlenebi2. erTi sityviT, musikaluri

Teatri isaa, rac yvela am Janrs miesadageba da Tavis

TavSic aerTianebs kidec. Zalze zogad doneze esaa

garkveul sivrceSi musikiTa da sityviT gadmocemuli an

gaTamaSebuli, dramaturgiuli ganviTarebis mqone ambavi.

misi moqniloba swored amaSia. musikaluri Teatri

yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe uSvebs ori ZiriTadi

komponentis met-naklebad Semcveli axali formebis

generirebas.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, cxadi xdeba, rom qsenakisis

òresteac~ da raixis `mRvimec~ opera ki araa, aramed

musikaluri Teatris nairsaxeobaa. pirveli _ sinTeturi

musikaluri tragedia, meore _ multimediuri musikaluri

performansi. musikalur Teatrs, kerZod, musikalur

hefenings warmoadgens jon keijis èvroperebic~. rac

Seexeba I nawilis I TavSi ganxilul sxva nawarmoebs,

ligetis `diadi mkvdari~ maT Soris erTaderTia,

romelsac operasTan tradiciuli gagebiT, kavSiri ase

Tu ise SenarCunebuli aqvs. magram, nawilobriv misi da

gansakuTrebiT beriosa da nonos sxva opus-ebis operad miCneva iseve Znelia, rogorc amis uaryofa.

1 iqve.2 rom araferi vTqvaT, musikalur Teatrze viwro gagebiT, miuziklze,

musikalur komediaze, da yovelgvar musikalur sanaxaobaze.

maia sigua

37

statia gvinda davasruloT citatiT Teodor

adornos àxali musikis filosofiidan~ _ `cneba

`Tanamedrove opera~ Tavis TavSi Seicavs gadaulaxav

winaaRmdegobas. operis idea im saxiT romlieTac aqamde

publikas siamovnebas aniWebda, SeuTavsebelia axali

musikis saSualebebTan. Teatraluri TvalsazrisiT ki,

axali musika iswrafvis mWidrod Seewyas egreT wodebul

eqsperimentul warmodgenebs~.


38

vladimer (lado) tatiSvili, saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos

saxelmwifo universitetis doqqtoranti

xelmZRvaneli: prof. giorgi CarTolani

si tyvis Za la _ ro gorc sa te le vi zio

rek la mis erT-er Ti

mxat vrul-Semo qme de bi Ti sa Su a le ba

`pir ve lad iyo si tyuaÁ da si tyuaÁigi iyo RmrTi sa

Ta na da Rmer Ti iyo sityuaÁigi~, _ ase iwye ba io a nes sa-

xa re ba.

sa qar Tve los gada svlam sa baz ro eko no mi ka ze da mi s ma

Ca rTvam msof lio integ ra ci is pro ces Si gan sa kuT re bu li

aq tu a lu ro ba Se sZi na rek la mas (da zogadad _ rek la mi-

re bas), ro me lic iq mne ba, upir ve les yov li sa, mar ke tin gu-

li sib rZnis sa fuZ vel ze da warmo ad gens um niS vne lo va nes

in stru ments sa mar ke tin go prob le me bis mo gva re bi sas.

ge mov ne bi a ni rek la ma er Tgva ri sib rZne caa da si-

tyvaT Se moq me de bac. igi advilad ipyrobs ada mi a nis guls.

kar gad mo fiq re bu li ide is sa rek la mo for ma un da gamo-

ir Ce o des sti li Ta da si u Je tiT. mxo lod am Se mTxve-

vaSi mi iR we va gansakuT re bu li efe q ti da momxma reb lis

waruS le li STa beW di le ba.

rek la mi re bis prob le me bi ga Su qe bu lia ucxo e li av-

to re bis mi er, ma ga li Tad, am mxriv sa in te re soa d. di u po-

nis na Sro mi ̀ rek la ma~, ag reT ve l. xromo vis _ ̀ sa rek la mo

Semo qme de ba~, k. xop kin sis _ `Ce mi cxov re ba rek la ma Sia~,

s. tiva ris ̀ rekla mis jan saRi az ri~ da mra va li sxva. da-

sa xe le bul Sro meb Si gan xi lu lia bren dis rek la mi re bas-

Tan da kav Si re bu li mra va li sa ki Txi: sa u ba ria sa rek la mo

ide is, bren de bis na ir sa xe o bis, ma Ti Ri re bu le bis, sa in ter-

ne to rek la mis, sa tele vi zio rek la mis, beW du ri rek la mis,

sa re k la mo sa a gen to e bi sa da sxva am tipis mniS vne lo va ni

39

sa ki Txis Se sa xeb (ma Ti mosazrebe bi cal ke Ta vad iq ne ba

warmo dge ni li Cvens sa di ser ta cio na Srom Si). am je rad ki

yu ra dRe bas gavamaxvilebT sa te le vi zio rek la mis erT-

erT mxat vrul-Semo qme de biT saSualeba ze, ro me lic ama

Tu im bren dis si tyvi er rek la mi re bas ukav Sir de ba.

mxat vrul-Semo qme de bi Ti Tval saz ri siT mo rge bu lad

ga for me bu li satelevi zio rek la ma em sa xu re ba kar gi

pro duq ci is re a li za ci as xan grZli vi peri o dis gan mav-

lo ba Si.

kre ati u li kon cef ci is da mu Sa ve bi sas me tad mniS vne-

lo va nia for mi sa da Sina ar sis ur Ti er Tmi mar Te bis sa ki-

Txi: yu ra dRe ba un da ga max vil des ara mxo lod ima ze, Tu

`ras~ am bo ben, ara med ima zec _ Tu `ro gor~ gamo xa ta ven

sa Tqmels. am ori kom po nen tis har mo ni u li Se xa me ba uda-

vod gana pi ro bebs sa bren do produqciis war ma te bul re-

a li za ci as.

sa te levi zio rek la mi re bi sa Tvis ar ar se bobs ga rkve-

u li for mu le bi. yo ve li axa li rek la ma un da gamo ir Ce-

o des in di vi du a lu ro biT, Se saZ le be lia, axasiaTebdes iu-

mo ric.

mo mxma re be li ir Cevs ara sa qo nels, ara med bren debs.

ro ca esa Tu is bren di sis te ma tu rad Se e sa ba me ba sa rek-

la mo da pi re bebs, kav Si ri kli en teb sa da bren debs So ris

mWid roa da sa i me doc. al baT mi giq cevi aT yu ra dRe ba, rom

mo mxma reb le bi yi du lo ben ara man qa nas, ara med `to i o tas~,

`me rse dess~, òpels~; isi ni iZe nen ara jin ss, ara med `le-

viss~, `lis~, `za ras~; sva men ara li mo naTs, ara med `ko ka-

ko las~, `pef sis~, `fan tas~; Wa men ara So ko lads, ara med

`sni kerss~, `marss~, `barambos~; da di an ara ma Ra zi a Si, ara-

med `gud vil Si~, `po pul sa~ da `ji mart Si~...

kar gi re k la ma un da iyos li de ri sxva rek la ma Ta So-

ris. ga xsov deT, rom iyide ba ara sa qo ne li, ara med – rek-

la mis Se de gad gamo wve u li emo cia-STabeWdile ba.

Semo qme de bi Ti gada wyve ti le bis mi sa Re bad au ci le be-

40

lia kre a ti u li standarte bi sa da ori en ti re bis cod na:

1. ro go ri rek la maa kre a ti u li; 2. ra saxis kre a ti u li

rek la maa STa mbeW da vi; 3. ro gor mi vi RoT kre a ti u li rek-

la ma da sxv.

aRsaniSnavia, rom rek la mi sa Tvis kre a ti u lo ba sa Su-

a le baa da ara mi za ni, Tum ca ne bis mi er kre a ti ul rek la-

mas, rom elic zus tad as ru lebs Ta vis fun qci as, sa kmaod

di di San si aqvs war ma te bi sa Tvis. igi Se sam Cne vi caa da

dasamaxsovrebelic.

mxat vrul-Semo qme de bi Ti Tval saz ri siT gemovnebiT

ga for me bu li rek la ma bren dis re a li za ci i sa Tvis mamo-

Zra ve be li Za laa.

ro gor `Se vfu ToT si tyvi e rad~ STa mbeW da vi for miT

axa li bren di? _ es sakiTxi me tad sa in te re sod gve sa xe-

ba da Cve ni sta ti ac sa rek la mo teq stis gamonaT qvam Ta

Se rCe va sa da ana lizs iT va lis wi nebs.

`si tyva~ STa beW di le bis gamo mwve vi erT-er Ti yve la ze

Zli e ri saSu a le baa. gamo rCe u l efeq tur ze moq me de ba sac

swo red igi ax dens mo mxma re bel ze. es un da ax sov des

sa te le vi zio rek la mis Se mqmnels da eca dos _ ga az re-

bu lad gamo i ye nos enis si tyvi e ri ma ra gi dan sa rek la mo

gamo naT qva me bisa Tvis Se sa fe ri si leq si ku ri er Te u le bi.

Se iZ le ba iT qvas, rom rek la ma _ es aris si tyva Ta Se-

jib ri, pa eq ro ba: ro me li ajo bebs, romeli uf ro mo er ge ba

mo ce mul Se mTxve vas.

rek la mis spe ci a list ma un da ico des, rom `si tyvis

Za la~ mxo lod ima Si ki ar mdgo ma re obs, Tu ram de nad

bevrs ityvi ama Tu im sa rek la mo produqcias Tan da-

kavSi re biT, ara med uf ro mniS vne lo va nia _ ro gor Se Zleb

la ko nu rad da yovlis mom cve lad warmo a Ci no brend is

upi ra te so ba. yve la fe ri ki ìde as~ ukavSir de ba. kar-

gad mo fiq re bu li ìdea~ da gemo vne biT `frTa Sesxmuli

si tyve bi~ produqtis da de bi Ti Tvi se be bis warmo sa Ce nad

uk ve Za li an bevrs niS navs. aqe dan mxo lod er Ti na bi jia


41

brend is war ma te biT re a li za ci a mde.

sa te le vi zio rek la mi sa Tvis kar gad Se rCe u li teq sti

fo nad un da mihyvebodes vizualur efeqts, ra Ta axa li

pro duq ci is mxa re e bi kar gad aRiq vas mo mxma re bel ma. si-

tyvi er ma in for ma ci am, upir ve les yov li sa, un da da a in te-

re sos da da a je ros ma yu re be li bren dis upi ra te so ba Si.

Cve ni az riT, sa te le vi zio rek la mis pir ve li ve ab zac Si

yu radRe ba un da gamax vi ldes bren dis ara or di na ru lo bis

Se sa xeb: riT gamo ir Ce va is Ta vi si winamor be de bi sa gan da

ra axa li da ma te bi Ti Tvi se ba axa si a Tebs mas.

gan sakuT re biT aR vni SnavT Sem degs: teq sti ise un da

da i we ros da ga i mar Tos sin taq sur-sti lis ti ku ri Tval-

saz ri siT, rom ga sa ge bi da mi saw vdo mi iyos absolu tu-

rad yve la sa Tvis: ar aris sa Wi ro iS vi a Ti lin gvis ti ku ri

xer xe bis Zieba _ na Tqva mi unda ga i gos ne bis mi er ma mo-

mxma re bel ma.

yu ra dRe ba un da mi eq ces ima sac, rom ama Tu im bren-

dis si tyvi e ri reklamirebi sas ar un da ga me or des kon-

ku rent Ta sa re k la mo gamo naT qva me bi dan ar cer Ti sit yva,

ma gram, Tu kon ku ren te bis mi er yve la Se saZ lo da de bi Ti

`sityvieri Se fuT va~ amo wu ru lia, aseT Se mTxve veb Si Se-

iZ le ba iT qvas Za li an mokled da lakoniurad, mag., axa li

kbi lis pas ta..., an kidev: kbi lis pas ta axa li efeq tiT da

sxva.

vfiq robT, rom sa rek la mo teq sti mo kled un da mo u-

Txrob des mo mxma re bels bren dis upi ra te so bis Se sa xeb _

ra aris mniS vne lo va ni si ax le da ro gor un da mo ix ma ros

is myid vel ma.

teq stis Se dge ni sas gada mwyve ti mniS vne lo ba aqvs ima-

sac, rom gaTvaliswinebul iq nes, Tu vis Tvis aris gzav ni-

li gan kuT vni li. ma ga li Tad, Tu pro duq cia bav Sv Ta kve bas

warmo ad gens, um jo be sia mi vmar ToT de debs:

de de bo, ga xsov deT...; de de bo, nu da ga vi wyde baT...; de de-

bo, yu ra dRe ba mi aq ci eT...; de de bo, ga iT va lis wi neT...; de de-


rek la mis erT-er Ti mxat vrul-Semo qme de bi Ti sa Su a le ba

42

bo, mxo lod Tqven Tvis da mra va li sxva.

teq stis Se dge nis garda, bu neb ri via, xSir Se mTxve va Si

sa Wi roa sa rek la mo saTa u ris warmo dge nac. bren dis sa-

rek la mo da sa Ta u re bi sas, upir ve les yov li sa, un da ga viT-

va lis wi noT, Tu ra sa xiT mi va wo doT axa li in for ma cia

mo mxma re bels ama Tu im sa qon lis Se sa xeb. si tyvi e ri

Se tyo bi ne ba au ci leb lad un da Se i cav des si ax les da

imavdroulad iyos ara or di na ru li.

yve la fe ri, rac axa lia, ada mi ans am xne vebs, aRuZ ravs

in te ress da avsebs xalisiT. ma ga li Tad, sa Wi roa suf ris

wiT eli Rvi nis rek la mi re ba. aseT SemTxveva Si yu ra dRe ba

un da ga max vil des mis fer ze, Se dge ni lo ba sa da efeqt ze.

Se saZ le be li sa rek la mo gamo naT qva me bi Se iZ le ba Sem deg-

na i ri iyos:

yur Znis kler tis gan da mza de bu li suf ris wi Te li

Rvin o _ ener gia, xalisi, si co cxlis eleq si ri;

an ki dev: axa li teq no lo gi iT da mza de bu li suf ris

wi Te li Rvi no _ ka xu ri yur Znis ma gi u ri Za la, si jan sa Re,

Se u da re be li ge mo da sxva.

cno bi lia, rom cqriala Rvinis da sam za deb lad ma sa la

un da gamo mu Sav des ama Tu im ra i o nis sa u ke Te so yur Znis

ji Sis gan. aseT Se mTxve veb Si yur Zni dan sitkbos iRe ben

mTe li mtev ne bis gamo wnex viT. es met-na kle bad un da ais-

axos sarekla mo wi na da de ba Si, mag.:

TeT ri cqriala Rvino _ yur Znis sit kbo; an ki dev:

TeT ri Sam pa nu ri _ sauke Te so yur Znis ji Sis ma gi u ri Za-

la; sxva SemTxvevaSi: TeT ri Sampanuri _ siy va ru li viT

tkbi li da da maT ro be li da a. S.

vTqvaT, sa Wi roa bav Sv Ta kve bis ro me li me axa li pro-

duq tis rek la mi re ba. aseT Se mTxve va Si yu ra dRe ba un da

ga max vi ldes ima ze, Tu ram de nad sa Wi roa bavSvis or ga-

niz mi sa Tvis is Se mad ge ne li kom po nen te bi, ro mel Ta ga nac

damzadebulia axa li bren di, ma ga li Tad, fa fa, rom lis sa-

xel wo de baa `bu bu~:


43

bu bu _ Svri is fqvi lis sa oc re ba da kal ci u mis Za la

er Tad _ 6 Tvi dan yve la bav Svis Tvis sa Wi ro da sa sar-

geb lo;

an ki dev: bu bu _ wi wi bu ras da vaS lis ma gi u ri Za la

er Tad _ ga ran ti re bu li jan mrTe lo ba, ener gia, ma Ra li

he mog lo bi ni _ 3 Tvi dan yve la bav Svi sa Tvis saWiro da

sa sar geb lo;

sxva Se mTxve va Si: bu bu _ xor blis fqvi li da io do va-

ni ka li u mi ba na nis efeqtiT _ jan mrTe lo bis for mu la _

5 Tvi dan yve la bav Svi sa Tvis sa Wi ro da sasar geb lo;

an ki dev: bu bu _ ma na nis bur Ru li da 12 vi ta mi nis ja-

dos nu ri Za la er Tad _ jan mrTe lo ba, ener gia, xa li si _

3 Tvi dan yve la bav Svis Tvis sa Wi ro da sasargeblo da

mra va li sxva.

rek la mi re bi sas xSi rad mi vmar TavT xol me me -2 pi ris

for mebs mrav lo biT ricxv Si, mag.:

mxo lod er Txel ga u sin jeT ge mo; mi irT viT da isi a-

mov neT; da tkbiT axa li ne ta re biT; da tkbiT si co cxlis

na ir fe rov ne biT; ga la maz diT da iya viT yovelTvis efeq-

tu ri; amo i ca niT bu ne bis sa i dum lo; Ca ic viT da ia reT

mTe li dRe; mo ix se niT da Rli lo ba da ga i xan grZli veT

si co cxle; maq si ma lu rad gamo i ye neT Tqve ni ener gia da

a. S.

zogjer ab straq tu li sa xe le bi da mo u ki deb ladac

kargad warmoaCenen produqciis Tvisebebs, mag.: si co cxle

da bed ni e re ba; sur vi li da SesaZlebloba; si xa li se da

jan mrTe lo ba; si la ma ze da siy va ru li da sxv.

Za li an mo sa xer xe be lia agreTve pi ro bi Ti da mo ki de-

bu li wi na da de be bis gamo ye ne ba, mag.: Tu gin daT si la ma ze

da efeq ti..., Tu gin daT jan mrTel o ba da ener gia..., Tu

da i Ra leT da da sve ne ba gWir de baT..., Tu gin daT, kvlav

daubrundeT axal gaz rdo bas da a. S.

se man ti ku rad msgav si si tyve biT um did re si qa rTu li

enis leq si ki dan sabrendo rek la mi re bi sa Tvis un da Se var-



44

Ci oT im ti pis si no ni me bi, rom le bic yvela ze efeq tu rad

gamo xa taven sa re a li za cio pro duq ci is da de biT mxa re ebs,

maga li Tad: 1. la ma zi, mSve ni e ri, mo xde ni li, unak lo, STa-

mbeW da vi, efeq tu ri, mi mzid ve li, mo mxib la vi; 2. gamo-

rCe u li, iS vi a Ti, gan sa kuT re bu li, ori gi na lu ri, Ta vi se bu ri,

ara or di na ru li; 3. nai rgva ri, na ir fe ro va ni, mra val mxri vi,

mravalfe ro va ni, sxva das xvag va ri, sxva das xva na i ri; 4. yov-

lis mom cve li, amomwuravi; 5. ga sa o ca ri, gan mac vif re be li,

sa kvir ve li; 6. ma gi u ri, ja dos nu ri, mo ma ja do e be li; 7.

jan mrTe lo ba, si jan sa Re; 8. siy va ru li, trfo ba, ltol-

va; 9. sta bi lu ro ba, sa i me do o ba, ga ran tia; 10. yo vel Tvis

sa sur ve li, yo vel Tvis saocne bo, yo vel Tvis mi sa Re bi; 11.

Se u da re be li, ganu me o re be li, er Tad er Ti...

vfiq robT, si tyvi e ri rek la mi re bis erT-er Ti efeq tu-

ri saxe o baa Se da re bis mxat vru li xer xi, rom lis sa Su a-

le bi Tac sa Tqmels uf ro me ti emo cia da damajereb lo ba

eni We ba, ma ga li Tad: 1. mze sa viT na Te li; 2. mze sa viT Tbi li;

3. zRva sa viT idu ma li da mi mzid ve li; 4. wya ro sa viT gri-

li; 5. Sa qa ri viT tkbi li; 6. si yva ru li viT Se mpa ra vi; 7.

siy va ru li viT Tav bru dam xve vi da sxv.

sa rek la mo gamo naT qva me bad Se iZ le ba gamo vi ye noT ag-

reT ve er Tma neT Tan aso ci a ci u rad da kav Si re bu li si tyve bi,

rom le bic aZ li e re ben gamo sa xa ta vi az ris mniS vne lo bas: 1.

efeq ti _ war ma te ba _ aRi a re ba; 2. up re ten zio _ sa da _

yvelasaTvis mi sa Re bi; 3. ener gia _ si co cxlis sur vi li

_ bed ni e re ba; 4. axalgazrdo ba _ Za la _ siy va ru li; 5.

ganax le bu li _ ar na xu li _ da xve wi li; 6. amo uc no bi _

sa in te re so _ da u vi wya ri da a. S.

zo gi pro duq ci i sa Tvis ki an to ni mu ri wyvi le bi uf ro

mi sa Re bia, mag.: 1. yve la mo ix mars _ ma Ra lic da da ba lic,

msu qa nic da ga mxda ric; 2. yo vel Tvis sasurveli _ da-

rSic da av dar Sic; 3. zam Tar-za fxul sa nat re li; 4. da-

tkbiT diliTac da sa Ra mo sac da mra va li sxva.


45

ze moT qmu li sqe ma tu rad Sem deg sa xes mi i Rebs:

sareklamo sinonimebi zemoqmedeba brendis

SefuTva Sedarebebi efeqti warmatebuli

sityvieri asociaciebi STabeWdileba realizacia

komponentebiT antonimebi

rogorc praqtika gviCvenebs, sareklamo sityvieri

informaciisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs: 1.

teqstis semantikas (romelSic met-naklebad unda iyos

argumentirebuli sarealizacio produqtis dadebiTi

mxareebi); 2. am semantikis formobriv gamosaxulebas

(maSasadame, Sinaarsis mxatvrulad, brendisaTvis

morgebulad warmodgenas); 3. myidvelis darwmunebas (rom

misTvis swored es produqciaa saWiro); 4. aqtualurobas

(ramdenad sasurvelia brendi sazogadoebisaTvis da zogadad

rogoria moTxovnileba mocemuli saxis produqciaze);

5. yvelasaTvis misawvdomobas _ rogorc gagebinebis, ise

Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT. mimaCnia, rom mexuTe punqti

reklamis Semqmnelma SeZlebisdagvarad unda gaiTvaliswinos

yvela saxis informaciis miwodebisas, radganac, Tu myidveli

ver gaigebs _ ras eubnebian, ver iyidis da produqciis

realizaciis xarisxic momentalurad daecema.

rogorc zemoT iTqva, didi Zala aqvs sityvas. mas

ZaluZs adamianis gaxarebac, gabednierebac, brendis yidvis

survilis gamowvevac. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom `gvelsa

xvreliT amoiyvans ena tkbilad moubari~ (rusTaveli).

siyvaruliT miwodebuli informacia yvelaze didi

reklamaa. es kargad unda icodes rogorc brendis ideis

avtorma, ise reklamis Semqmnelma.

gamoyenebuli literatura:•

l. diuponi, `reklama _ 1001 rCeva~, minski, 2008.•

d. ogilvi, `sareklamo ezos saidumloebani~, • www.koob.rus. tivari, `reklamis jansaRi azri~, sankt-peterburgi, 2003.•

k. xopkinsi, `Cemi cxovreba reklamaSia~, gamomcemloba èksmo~ •

2008.

l. xromovi, `sareklamo Semoqmedeba~,• www.koob.ru

idea



46

naira RvedaSvili,


saxelmwifo universiteti

asocirebuli profesori

sainformacio uzrunvelyofa da

inovaciebis statistika

menejmentis sistemis sainformacio uzrunvelyofa

_ erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi uzrunvelmyofi funqciaa,

romlis xarisxic warmoadgens misaRebi gadawyvetilebis

dasabuTebulobisa da sistemis funqcionirebis

efeqturobis ganmsazRvrel faqtors. dinamikaSi

sainformacio uzrunvelyofa rogorc procesi Sedis

komunikaciis cnebaSi.

komunikacia _ es aris informaciis gacvla, romlis

safuZvelzec xelmZRvaneloba Rebulobs efeqturi

gadawyvetilebebis miRebisTvis aucilebel informacias

da miaqvs miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi firmis muSakebamde.

komunikacia _ es aris rTuli procesi, romelic Sedgeba

urTierTdakavSirebuli nabijebisgan. TiToeuli am

nabijebisgan Zalzed saWiroa imisTvis, raTa gaxados

Cveni azrebi gasagebi sxva pirisTvis. TiToeuli nabiji _

es aris punqti, romelSic, Tuki Cven viqnebiT daudevrebi

da ar vifiqrebT imaze, Tu ras vakeTebT, azri SesaZloa

dakargul iqnas.

gamokvlevebiT dadgenilia, rom xelmZRvanelebi

(menejerebi) TavianTi samuSao drois 50-90%-s xarjaven

komunikaciaze. miuxedavad, imisa, rom komunikacia

veeberTela rols asrulebs organizaciis warmatebiT

muSaobaSi, menejerTa did umravlesobas is miaCnia mTavar

dabrkolebad efeqtianobis miRwevis gzaze. gamokvlevebma

uCvena, rom aseTi Sexeduleba aqvT amerikeli menejerebis

73%-s, ingliseli menejerebis 63%-s da iaponeli

47

menejerebis 85%-s.1 amgvari Sexedulebis safuZvelia is

faqti, rom organizaciaSi problemaTa warmoqmnis mTavari

mizezia swored araracionaluri komunikacia.

sainformacio Zalaufleba dafuZnebulia imaze, rom

sainformacio nakadebis koordinacia da komunikaciuri

qselis kontroli saSualebas aZlevs adamians da adamianTa

jgufs zegavlena iqonios sxvebze. xelmZRvaneli amiT

aris dakavebuli, raTa moaxdinos Tavisi rolis realizeba

pirTa Soris urTierTobebSi, sainformacio gacvlasa da

marTvis funqciebSi gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi.

informaciis gacvla warmoadgens erT-erT yvelaze ufro

rTul problemas ierarqiis nebismier doneze.

informaciis gacvlis procesSi SeiZleba gamovyoT

oTxi sabazo elementi:

1. gamgzavni _ piri, romelic axdens ideis generirebas,

an krebs informacias da gadascems mas.

2. Setyobineba _ sakuTriv informacia, kodirebuli

simboloebis daxmarebiT.

3. arxi _ informaciis gadacemis saSualeba.

4. mimRebi _ piri, romlisTvisac gankuTvnilia

informacia da romelic axdens mis interpretirebas.

informaciis gacvlisas gamgzavni da mimRebi gadian

ramdenime urTierTdakavSirebul etaps. maTi amocanaa

_ Seadginon Setyobineba da gamoiyenon arxi misi

gadacemisTvis iseTnairad, rom orive mxarem gaigos da

gaiziaros sawyisi idea. es Znelia, vinaidan TiToeuli

etapi warmoadens imavdroulad wertils, romelSic azri

SesaZloa damaxinjebul iqnas an sruliad daikargos.

aRniSnuli urTierTdakavSirebuli etapebi Semdegia:

1. ideis dabadeba.

2. kodireba da arxis arCeva.

3. gadacema.

4. dekodireba.

1 g. SublaZe, b. mRebriSvili, f. wowkolauri.,,menejmentis

safuZvlebi.’’Tb. 2008. gv.81.

48

SeiZleba gamovyoT informaciis Semdegi

klasifikacia:

obieqtis mixedviT _ saqonlis xarisxis 1)

maCveneblebi, misi resurstevadoba, bazris infrastruqturis,

warmoebis saorganizacio-teqnikuri donis, koleqtivis

socialuri ganviTarebis, garemos dacvis parametrebi da

sxva;

menejmentis sistemis qvesistemisadmi 2)

kuTvnilebis mixedviT _ informacia miznobrivi

qvesistemis mixedviT, sistemis samecniero Tanxlebis

mixedviT, sistemis garemos mixedviT, uzrunvelmyofi,

marTavdi da mmarTveli qvesistemebis mixedviT;

gadacemis formis mixedviT _ verbaluri 3)

(sityvieri) da araverbaluri informacia;

droSi cvalebadobis mixedviT _ pirobiTad-4)

mudmivi da pirobiTad-cvalebadi (araxangrZlivi);

gadacemis xerxis mixedviT _ saTanamgzavro, 5)

eleqtronuli, satelefono, werilobiTi da sxva;

gadacemis reJimis mixedviT _ 6)

arareglamentirebul vadebSi, SekiTxvis mixedviT da

iZulebiTad gansazRvrul vadebSi;

daniSnulebis mixedviT _ ekonomikuri, 7)

teqnikuri, socialuri, saorganizacio da sxva;

obieqtis sasicocxlo ciklis stadiebis 8)

mixedviT _ strategiuli marketingis stadiis mixedviT,

samecniero-kvleviTi da sacdel-sakonstruqtoro

samuSaoebis stadiis mixedviT, warmoebis saorganizacio-

teqnologiuri momzadebis stadiis mixedviT da a. S.;

marTvis obieqtis subieqtisadmi mimarTebis 9)

mixedviT _ firmasa da garemos Soris, firmis SigniT

vertikalisa da horizontalis gayolebaze qvedanayofebs

Soris, xelmZRvanelsa da Semsruleblebs Soris,

araformaluri komunikaciebi.

informaciis klasifikaciis idea gamoiyeneba misi

naira RvedaSvili

49

kodirebisas.

rac Seexeba ZiriTad moTxovnebs informaciis

xarisxisadmi Semdegia:

_ Tavisdrouloba;

_ utyuaroba (gansazRvruli albaTobiT);

_ sakmarisoba;

_ saimedooba (riskis gansazRvruli xarisxiT);

_ informaciis sistemis kompleqsuroba (saqonlis

xarisxisa da resurstevadobis mixedviT, pirobebis

mixedviT, firmisa da konkurentebis saqonelTa

sasicocxlo ciklis stadiebis mixedviT da a. S.);

_ misamarTebianoba;

_ informaciis samarTlebrivi koreqtuloba;

_ gamoyenebis mravaljeradoba;

_ Sekrebis, damuSavebisa da gadacemis maRali

xarisxi;

_ kodirebis SesaZlebloba;

_ informaciis aqtualuroba.

saerTaSoriso standartebi mecnierebisa da

inovaciebis statistikaSi sakmaod mniSvnelovania. igi

wamyvani saerTaSoriso organizaciebis rekomendaciaTa

kompleqsia mecnierebisa da inovaciaTa statistikis

sferoSi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen maTi sistemuri

aRweris meTodologias sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi

da aRiarebuli arian saerTaSoriso statistikaSi

standartebis saxiT. mecnierebis statistikis

standartizciisa da maCvenebelTa aRricxvis praqtikaSi

erovnuli gansxvavebebis likvidaciis aucilebloba

Tavdapirvelad warmoiqmna mrewvelobrivad ganviTarebuli

qveynebis msoflio meurneobis integraciis, ekonomikuri

da samecniero-teqnikuri TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis

procesSi. samecniero kvlevebsa da SemuSavebebze maT

mier gamoyofili resursebis swrafma zrdam moiTxova

samuSaoebis gaSla Sesabamisi informaciis Sekrebasa da

sainformacio uzrunvelyofa da inovaciebis statistika

50

analizSi.

inovaciebis danergvis aucileblobas stimuls

aZlevs konkurentuli brZola da bazris mTeli

rigi sxva moTxovnebi. maTi gamoyenebis mniSvneloba

ganpirobebulia, agreTve, demografiuli, ekonomikuri

da socialuri xasiaTis cvlilebebiT, momxmarebelTa

cvalebadi moTxovniT, cvlilebebiT Tanamedrove adamianis

fsiqologiaSi da sxv.

inovaciuri programebis SemuSavebisasa SeiZleba

gamoyenebul iqnes pirveli rigis inovaciis SerCevis

Semdegi principebi:

mniSvnelobis principi;• vakuumis Sevsebis principi;• maCveneblis moxsnis principi;• kapitaldabandebaTa minimumis principi;• ekologiurobis principi.•

mecnierebisa da inovaciaTa statistikaSi axali

saerTaSoriso standartebis Seqmnasa da ukve arsebulebis

dazustebaSi aqtiur rols TamaSobs evrostati

_ evrokavSiris statistikuri samsaxuri. 1969 w.

evrostatis mier SemuSavebul iqna pirveli redaqcia

nomenklaturisa samecniero biujetebisa da programebis

analizisa da SeTanadebisTvis (dResdReobiT moqmedebs

1992 w. redaqcia), romelic warmoadgens safuZvels

monacemebis SekrebisTvis sabiujeto asignebebis Sesaxeb

samecniero kvlevebsa da SemuSavebaze socialur-

ekonomikuri miznebiT evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi,

maTi ganzogadebisa da yovelwliuri moxsenebebis

momzadebisTvis mecnierebis saxelmwifo dafinansebis

Taobaze evrokavSirSi.

klasifikacia asaxavs globalur amocanebs, romelTa

gadasawyvetadac gamoiyofa saxelmwifo asignebani

saecniero-kvleviT da sacdel-sakonstruqtoro

samuSaoebze; igi ganicdis cvlilebebs evrokavSiris wevri

naira RvedaSvili

51

qveynebis saxelmwifo samecniero-teqnikuri politikis

miznebis transformaciis mixedviT. evrostatis mier

momzadebulia agreTve saxelmZRvanelos proeqti

mecnierebisa da inovaciaTa statistikis regionul

aspeqtebSi.

iuneskos statistikis ganyofileba axorcielebs

statistikuri monacemebis sistematiur Sekrebas, analizsa

da gamoqveynebas mecnierebisa da teqnikis Sesaxeb.

reformirebis es zogadi marTulebebi mdgomareobs

SemdegSi:

statistikuri maCveneblebis, angariSgebis • formaTa da aucilebeli monacemebis miRebis sxva

wyaroebisa da meTodebis ganviTarebis kompleqsuri da

SeTanxmebuli gadaxedvis Catarebis mimarTulebaTa da

etapebis dasabuTeba;

statistikuri informaciis Camoyalibebis • Tavisdroulobis, sisrulisa da saxelmwifo organoebisa

da saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis wardgenis

operatiulobis uzrunvelyofa dakvirvebis progresuli

meTodebisa da monacemebis Sekrebis, gadacemisa da

damuSavebis Tanamedrove sainformacio-teqnologiur

saSualebaTa danergvis gziT;

analitikurobis amaRleba da informaciis • xarisxis gaumjobeseba SemuSavebadi saangariSo

maCveneblebis wris gafarToebis, gareTa sainformacio

sistemebTan urTierTmoqmedebis xarjze;

sxvadasxva doneze momxmarebelTa yvela • kategoriis efeqturi uzrunvelyofa statistikuri

informaciiT monacemTa xelmisawvdomobisa da maTi

dacvis Sexamebisas;

regionuli donis rolis amaRleba statistikis • reformirebis msvlelobisas.

statistikur maCvenebelTa sistema, romlebic

axasiaTeben samrewvelo sawarmoebis sainovacio saqmianobas


52

(ZiriTadi maCveneblebi), igeba Semdegi ganyofilebebis

mixedviT:

sawarmoebis sainovacio aqtiuroba. 1.

informaciis wyaroebi inovaciebis Sesaxeb. 2.

sainovacio saqmianobis miznebi. 3.

xarjebi teqnologiur inovaciebze. 4.

kvlevebi da SemuSavebebi. 5.

erToblivi proeqtebis raodenoba kvlevebisa da 6.

SemuSavebebis SesrulebaSi.

teqnologiuri gacvla. 7.

produqtis, proces-inovaciebis konkurentunarianebis 8.

SenarCunebisa da gazrdis meTodebi.

sainovacio saqmianobis Sedegebi. 9.

faqtorebi, romlebic xels uSlis inovaciebs.10.

80-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi evropuli qveynebis

specialistebi mividnen daskvnamde biznesis ganviTarebisTvis

daxmarebis centralizaciis aucileblobis Sesaxeb

ara mxolod calkeuli qveynebis farglebSi, aramed

mTlianobaSi evropis. miuTiTebdnen, rom SedarebiT

patara firmebs ar gaaCniaT aucilebeli informacia,

aqedan gamomdinare ar SeuZliaT akontrolebdnen bazris

cvlilebebs. evropuli sainformacio centrebis winaSe

svamdnen amocanas rom daxmarebodnen mcire da saSualo

firmebs mieRoT maqsimumi upiratesobebisa saerTo

bazridan. Seiqmna evropuli sainformacio centri (eic,

ЕИЦ) da misi ganyofilebebs qseli, romelic 1995 w.

moicavda 21 jgufs did britaneTSi da 210 jgufs evropis

sxva qveynebSi, romlebic erTmaneTTan SeerTebuli iyvnen

eleqtronuli qseliT. eic dafinansebis 25%-s Rebulobs

evropuli kavSirisgan, xolo misi fondebis 75%-s

Seadgenen sxva sponsorebis saxsrebi da damoukideblad

gamomuSavebuli saxsrebi.

ukanasknel wlebSi nebismieri saqmianobis

uzrunvelyofis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes teqnikur

naira RvedaSvili

53

saSualebad iqca kompleqsuri satranslacio

kompiuteruli eleqtronuli sainformacio qseli

ìntrneti~ (internet). saerTaSoriso kompiuteruli qseli imdenad swrafad

viTardeba, rom misi momxmareblebis da informaciuli

resursebis ricxvi praqtikulad ormagdeba.

Tanamedrove sazogadoebis informirebulobam iseT

dones miaRwia, rom ukve Znelic kia warmovidginoT

adamianis saqmianobis romelime sfero, sadac sxvadasxva

intensivobiT ar gamoiyenebodes sainformacio

teqnologiebi. internetis qseli saSualebas gvaZlevs

gavzardoT kavSiris operatiuloba da xarisxi, Seamciros

komunikaciis xarjebi, gaizardos geografiuli sazRvrebi

da momxmarebelTa raodenoba. ìnterneti~ yalibdeba

rogorc TviTorganizebadi sistema, centralizebuli

marTvis gareSe, ganviTarebis gegmebisa da misi Semadgeneli

rgolebis sqemis gareSe. ̀ interneti~ _ kvleviTi procesis

umniSvnelovanesi instrumentia, es aris ̀ msoflio obobas

qselis~ gverdebi, reklamis, marketingis, sainformacio

uzrunvelyofis, operatiuli marTvis instrumenti.

ìnterneti~ _ momavlis yvelaze ufro iafi da tevadi

sainformacio teqnologiaa. dasavleTSi ìnterneti~

binebSi _ Cveulebrivi suraTia, xolo organizaciebs

ki mis gareSe ukve aRar SeuZliaT saqmeebisTvis Tavis

garTmeva.


Р.А.Фатхудинов,Инновационный менеджмент, М.2000.• n. RvedaSvili. `menejmenti socialur-kulturuli •

servisisa da turizmis sferoSi,~ Tb. 2009.

g. SublaZe, b. mRebriSvili, f. wowkolauri. `menejmentis •

safuZvlebi.~ Tb. 2008.


54

malxaz Rvinjilia,



kulturuli turizmis menejmentis

mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli, sruli profesori

sasoflo turizmis Camoyalibebis

socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi

evropaSi

(XX saukunis 50-iani wlebi)

sasoflo anu soflis turizmi, evropaSi gasuli

saukunis 60-ian wlebSi Camoyalibda. am periodSi ekologiis

problema mraval hiperurbanizebul garemoSi Seiqmna.

msxvili qalaqebis mosaxleobaSi gaizarda moTxovnileba

velur garemoSi, sufTa haerze, bunebriv simyudroveSi

dasvenebasa da kvebis naturaluri produqtebis miRebaze.

turizmis aRniSnulma mimarTulebam swrafi tempiT

daiwyo aRmasvla. Tu sawyis etapze mocemuli produqtiT

mxolod Sida turistebis moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas

uzrunvelyofda, SemdgomSi saerTaSoriso turizmis

nakadebic CaerTo procesSi. aRniSnuli mimarTulebis

pionerebad iqcnen avstria, italia, safrangeTi, fineTi,

litva, poloneTi.

dasavleT evropaSi sasoflo turizmze bumi

trialebda. avstria, romelic cnobili iyo Tavisi

samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebiT, aqtiurad debda

investiciebs sasoflo da ekologiuri turizmis

ganviTarebaSi. SemdgomSi avstria namdvil turistul

meqad iqca ucxoeli turistebisaTvis. avstriis gacnobis

msurvelTa raodenoba matulobda. gansakuTrebiT

turistebs izidavda istoriuli avstriuli sofeli

mwvaneSi Cafluli saxliTa da qoxiT, aseve sameurneo

55

infrastruqturiT. stumrisaTvis aq warmodgenili iyo

keTilmowyobili oTaxi, romelSic sasoflo yofis

SegrZnebis msurvelTaTvis saZile matrasi TiviT iyo

gatenili, aseve adgilobrivi tradiciuli kerZebi

(sakuTari xeliT damzadebuli, ekologiurad sufTa

produqtebisagan). yovelives momxibvlelobas aniWebda

sofluri yofis idiliebi: mamlis yivili, qaTmebis kakani,

namjisa da aduRebuli rZis surneli. imaTTvis, visac ar

uyvars usaqmod jdoma, SemoTavazebuli iyo sasoflo saqme,

romelic Tavad turprogramaSi iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.

turizmis aRniSnuli mimarTuleba gansakuTrebiT

popularuli gaxda bavSviani ojaxebisaTvis. qalaqSi

gazrdil bavSvs, romelic cxovelebs mxolod zooparkSi

xedavda, aswavlidnen maT movlas, aseve cxenze jdomas.

xSirad erTi kviriT mosuli turistebi TiTqmis mTeli

Tve rCebodnen aRniSnul sofelSi.

avstriaSi soflis turizmis ganviTarebas

gansakuTrebiT did mniSvnelobas aniWeben, vinaidan amJamad

marto am mimarTulebiT Semosavlebma daaxloebiT erTi

miliardi evro moutana qveyanas.

marTalia safrangeTi modis samyaros centria, magram

aRsaniSnavia tradiciuli ekonomikis mimarTuleba

agraruli meurneoba. jer kidev gasuli saukunis 60-

anebis bolos safrangeTSi Seiqmna `sasoflo adgilebis

turizmis~ asociacia, romelic koordinacias uwevda

sasoflo turizms erovnuli masStabiT. 80-iani wlebis

bolos ki 8 mln frangi (saerTo damsvenebelTa 1/4)

upiratesobas aniWebda sasoflo dasaxlebebSi dasvenebas.

1987 wels am TvalsazrisiT 9,2 mln frangi da 5,2 mln

ucxoeli (m.S. 27 % germaneli, 25 % ingliseli, 25 %

belgieli, 24 % holandieli da 9 % sxva erovnebis

warmomadgeneli) isvenebda.

soflis turizmma moicva safrangeTis faqtobrivad

yvela departamenti (sasoflo adgilebi safrangeTis

56

teritoriis 80 % Seadgens), Tumca saerTo turizmidan

miRebul SemosavlebSi misma wilma sul raRac 10

% Seadgina. miuxedavad amisa, sasoflo turizmis

ganviTarebasTan erTad sasoflo dasaxlebebis samewarmeo

aqtivobebi gaizarda, kerZod ki gaizarda uZravi qonebis

yidva-gayidva.

safrangeTSi sasoflo turizmis problemebi

ganixileboda ara marto mTeli qveynis masStabiT,

aramed calkeuli raionebis mixedviTac. ase, mag., krezis

departamentSi zafxulis periodSi Seiqmna soflis

mosaxleobis damatebiTi dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi.

am departamentSi dasvenebis yvelaze popularul

adgilebs warmoadgenda bunebrivi wyalsatevebis

napirebi. adgilobrivi xelisufleba stimulirebas

uwevda mimdebare zonebSi msubuqi kotejuri tipis

saxlebis mSeneblobas. aseve xelovnuri plaJebis

Seqmnas, romelSiac zafxulSi organizebas ukeTebdnen

dResaswaulebs, meTevzeTa Sejibrebebs, mravalferovan

RonisZiebebs bavSvebisaTvis. sasoflo dasaxlebebSi

damsvenebelTaTvis saqmianobis ZiriTad sferos qveiTi,

sawyalosno da sacxenosno seirnobebi warmoadgenda.

sasoflo turizmma stimuli misca tradiciuli

sakurorto adgilebis SemogarenSi axali turistuli

marSrutebis Seqmnas. ase, mag., vandeis sanapiroze

turizmis ganviTarebis gansakuTrebulobas warmoadgenda

axali mimdebare teritoriebis CarTva rekreaciul

mimarTulebebSi, ramac uzrunvelyo am raionebSi bunebisa

da kulturis Zeglebis reabilitacia.

turistebi bunebrivia isveneben konkretul dasaxlebul

punqtebSi, amitomac soflis turizmis ganviTarebisTvisac

calkeuli proeqtebis Seqmna TiToeul soflamde iqna

dayvanili. erT-erT aseT sofelSi 1 100 ha. farTobze

ganTavsebul iqna golfis sami moedani, sami sastumro,

1050 kerZo saxli da balneologiuri sanatoriumi.

malxaz Rvinjilia

57

soflis turizmis gansakuTrebulobas qmnida is

faqti, rom turistebi prioritetulad irCevdnen iseT

sasoflo dasaxlebebs, romlebSiac SenarCunebuli iyo

siZvelisa da TviTmyofadobis elementebi.

safrangeTSi sasoflo turizmis arsi mdgomareobda

arsebul doneze teritoriis aTvisebulobis xarisxis

SenarCunebaSi. marTalia SesaZlebeli iyo xelisuflebas

uzrunvelyo parizSi gaqceuli samuSaos maZiebeli

yofili fermerebis dabruneba, Tumca maT sxva gza airCies:

Seucvales sasoflo dasaxlebul punqtebs funqcia.

qveyanas ukve ar SeeZlo SeenarCunebina gansaxlebis

mocemuli sistema, amitomac xeli Seuwyo sasoflo

turizmis mimarTulebis ganviTarebas. kviprosSi bunebrivi turizmi sakmaod popularobiT

sargeblobda. kviprosis turistuli organizaciis

kvlevebis Sedegad gamovlinda Semdegi, rom sul ufro

meti raodenobis mosaxleoba upiratesobas aniWebs

bunebasTan maqsimalurad miaxloebul dasvenebas.

turistul nakadebSi 60% swored bunebaSi dasvenebas

iTxovda. popularuli gaxda qveiTi gadaadgilebis bilikebi

troodosis mTebsa da akamasis naxevarkunZulze.

turistuli bazris samomxmareblo moTxovnilebebis

marketologiurma kvlevam cxadyo, rom agroturizmis

mimarTuleba aq sakmaod popularuli gaxdeboda. amJamad

kviprosSi arsebobs ramdenime turistuli saagento,

romlebic specializebulia kviprosis soflebSi

turebis realizaciaze, sadac turistebs sTavazoben

`soflis cxovrebis naWers~, acnoben ra kviprosis

erovnul samzareulos da adgilobriv tradiciebsa da

wes- Cveulebebs. kviprosis turistuli organizaciis monacemebiT

kviprosSi stumrebs elodeba 60 turistuli obieqti,

ganTavsebuli kunZulis 29 sofelSi, 500 oTaxiT.

gasul wels agroturizmis mimarTulebiT daisvena


socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi evropaSi

58

9 180 adamianma; maT Soris 33,6 % germanelebi, 21,3 %

britanelebi, 16, 8 % danielebi, 7,7 % avstralielebi, 6,

36 % frangebi, 4 % libanelebi, 3,6 % belgielebi, 1,6 %

ebraelebi da 1,4 % sxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebi.

rac Seexeba italias, is warmoadgens liders evropaSi

agraruli turizmis mimarTulebiT, vinaidan 1999 wels

arsebul 10 000 meurneobaSi am tipis momsaxurebam

350 mln aSS dolaris mogeba moutana. Tavdapirvelad

italiis xelisufleba miiCnevda, rom turistebis

ganTavseba iqneboda araprofiluri fermerebisaTvis,

Tumca mcire investiciebis safuZvelze gaamyarebda maT

finansur-ekonomikur mdgomareobas. dRes turistul

produqtze arsebulma moTxovnilebis maRalma donem

TviT agroturizmis koncefcia Secvala, vinaidan calkeul

dasaxlebul punqtebSi igi ukve ZiriTad Semosavlis

wyarod gadaiqca. ZiriTadad turizmis es mimarTuleba ganviTarebulia

CrdiloeT da centralur italiaSi, amasTan liderebad

gvevlineba toskana da trentino _ samxreT tiroli.

swored am or mxareSia koncentrirebuli mTeli qveynis

agroturistuli sawarmoebis naxevarze meti da swored

amitom am sferos turistuli nakadebis naxevarze

meti aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT midis. toskana _ es

aris florenciis, pizis, sienisa da mravali naklebad

cnobili, Tumca gansakuTrebiT saintereso Suasaukuneebis

qalaqebi da monastrebi. trentino _ samxreT tiroli

erT-erTi umsxvilesi samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebis

mxarea evropaSi. ase, rom agroturizmis warmatebuli

ganviTareba aq SesaZlebeli gaxda, upirveles yovlisa

ukve didi xnis ganmavlobaSi arsebuli da kargad

ganviTarebuli turistuli infrastruqturisa da

adgilebis maRali `cnobadobis~ gamo. am or faqtors

emateba peizaJebis mravalferovneba, istoriul-

kulturuli da bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebis siuxve,

malxaz Rvinjilia

59

kargi Rvinoebi da maRalxarisxiani adgilobrivi

samzareulo, romlebic gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebs am

`warmatebis formulaSi~. unda aRiniSnos aseve isic, rom

am sferoSi turistebis mier gamoyenebuli satransporto

saSualebaa piradi avtomobili, amitom yvela regionSi

srulad araa SesaZlebeli sasoflo turizmis am doneze

ganviTareba.Tumca aramarto am tipis momsaxurebaze moTxovnilebis

arsebobam misca biZgi evropaSi soflis turizmis

ganviTarebas. dRes italiis magaliTze evrokavSiri

xedavs aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis soflis meurneobis

gadarCenis samaSvelo rgols.

fineTSi, CrdiloeT kareliaSi, sadac mravladaa tyeebi

tbebiT, gasuli saukunis Sua periodSi dRis wesrigSi

dadga soflis turizmis ganviTareba. amisaTvis aRniSnul

landSaftebSi Caidga mcire simZlavris kotejebi (2-dan

8 adgilamde). saxlebi aRWurvili iyo safasuris

Sesabamisad. ZiriTadad isini Sedgeboda misaRebisa da

ramdenime saZineblisagan.

kotejebSi warmodgenili iyo cxeli da civi

wyalmomarageba, eleqtrogamaTbobeli, macivari,

mikrotalRuri Rumeli, yavadani. kotejebis umravlesobas

hqonda buxari da sauna. turistebs qiriT sTavazoben navebs,

TevzsaWer aRWurvilobas, saTxilamuro mowyobilobebs.

yvelaferi es uzrunvelyofda sakmaod komfortul

pirobebSi ganmartoebas, imavdroulad tbasa da tyeSi

dasvenebas.

turizmis es mimarTuleba warmoadgens kargad

organizebul industrias da momsaxurebas sTavazobs,

rogorc finelebs, aseve ucxoel turistebs. sasoflo turizmis ganviTareba warmoadgens sasoflo

sameurneo warmoebisaTvis Sida investiciebis wyaros

sasoflo adgilebSi. sasoflo turizmidan miRebuli

Semosavali damatebiTi wyaroa ZiriTad saqmianobasTan


socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi evropaSi

60

mimarTebaSi, Tumca droTa ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebelia

igi ZiriTadic gaxdes.


Грец О.П.Малый туристический бизнес в сельской • местности: обоснование предпосылок . в книге Культура. народов Причерноморья. - 1999. - №10. - С.167-170 .Кузьменко Ю.Туризм: экологический, зеленый или • сельский? киев.2009.www.ruraltourism.com.u• awww.un-wto.or• g

malxaz Rvinjilia

61

Teatrmcodneoba

62

63


dramatuli konfliqtis buneba

mZafri konfliqtis arseboba da aucilebloba

warmoadgens dramis bunebis ZiriTad Taviseburebas,

romelic ara mxolod moiTxovs interesebis Sejaxebas,

aramed mTlianad ganisazRvreba dapirispirebuli

mxareebis brZoliT, radgan masSi dgindeba piesis ideur-

Sinaarsobrivi erToba. konfliqts win uswrebs k o l i

z i a, romelic hegelis azriT, `moqmedebis winapirobaa~,

– anu, is adgili dramaSi, rodesac gmiri Tavisufalia

arCevanSi da jer ar miuRia saboloo gadawyvetileba

_ Sevides Tu ara konfliqtSi. aseTi adgili kargad

Cans `hamletis~ magaliTze: vgulisxmobT tragediis

gmiris Sexvedras mamis aCrdilTan, sadac jer kidev

rCeba Teoriuli SesaZlebloba nawarmoebis sxvagvarad

gagrZelebisa.

es aris koliziis `viwro~ gageba, romelic ar exeba

ufro farTo da mniSvnelovan etapebs dramatuli

konfliqtis momzadebis TvalsazrisiT. koliziebis

sxvagvar definicias da gansazRvras gvTavazobs igive

hegeli, rodesac gvixatavs suraTs, romelSic kargad

Cans konfliqtis niadagis Seqmnis gadamwyveti mizez-

Sedegobrivi faqtorebi.

pirvelia – koliziebi dakavSirebuli gmiris

fizikur mdgomareobasTan: avadmyofobasTan, epidemiebTan,

sisustesTan, Tundac droebiT amneziasTan da a. S. marTalia,

hegeli ar urCevs xelovanebs aseTi xasiaTis koliziebiT

gatacebas, radgan ar Tvlis, rom maT safuZvelze SeiZleba

WeSmariti xelovnebis nimuSi warmoiSvas. magram Cven

xom viciT – xelovnebaSi, literaturaSi da dramaSic

aseTi magaliTebi namdvilad moiZebneba da am SemTxvevaSi

hegels SeiZleba bolomde ar vendoT. gavixsenoT Tundac,

64

T. manis `jadosnuri mTa~, al. diumas `qali kameliebiT~,

a. kamius `Wiri~, e. remarkis `sami megobari~... es sia

SeiZleba usasrulod gagrZeldes.

koliziebis meore tips warmoadgenen iseTi koliziebi,

romlebic gmiris bunebriv TvisebebTan arian kavSirSi

– otelo mavria, xolo danarCeni personaJebi ara;

Seiloki – ebraelia, sxvebi ki ara. aq aseve Sedis uamravi

kolizia, romelic ukavSirdeba araTanaswor socialur

mdgomareobas, klasebis da fenebis dapirispirebas da

a.S. hegeli samarTlianad Tvlis, rom zustad aseTi

koliziebis niadagze SeiZleba udidesi socialuri

xasiaTis konfliqtebi warmoiSva da Zalebis Sejaxebis

farTo mniSvnelobis suraTi miviRoT.

koliziebis mesame tips warmoadgenen vnebasTan

dakavSirebuli koliziebi. Tu davfiqrdebiT magaliTebze,

SesaZloa vaRiaroT, rom otelo or kolizias iTavsebs

– igi mavria da amave dros eWvianic.

koliziis gadazrda konfliqtSi SeuZlebelia

peripetiis gareSe, radgan dramis mTavari gmiris

cxovrebaSi unda moxdes mdgomareobis iseTi radikaluri

cvlileba, rom man SeZlos daupirispirdes sxva Zalebs,

anda, Tundac mTel samyaros. Tumca, sanam es moxdeba,

dramam unda gaiaros garkveuli gza, romelic mowmobs

moqmedebis daZabvaze, mis ganviTarebaze

a R m a v a l i x a z i T – aq dramis TeoriaSi

gamonaklisi ar moiZebneba. konfliqtis momwifeba rTuli

da mravalmxrivi procesia, romlis dros dramaturgi

Tanmimdevrulad Zabavs situacias, garemo atmosferos,

aaxloebs kvanZis Sekvris moments peripetiis dadgomis

drosTan – rac mkiTxvels, an mayurebels aniSnebs didi

brZolis da winaaRmdegobis gardauvalobas.

rasakvirvelia, yvela dramatuli mwerali

individualurad da Taviseburad Slis moqmedebis

ganviTarebis saerTo suraTs, magram igi ver gaeqceva


65

dramis Teoriis kanonzomierebebs, romlebic moqmedeben

am SemTxvevaSi. gaazrebulad, Tu gauazreblad, piesis

avtori, mainc miiyvans kvanZis Sekvras peripetiamde, Tavis

dramas ki – k u l m i n a c i a m d e da miaRwevs

dramatuli daZabulobis umaRles wertils, saidanac

gamoCndeba ara mxolod Zalebis saerTo ganlageba, aramed

is winaaRmdegobrivi dramatuli situacia, romlis

aucilebeli elementia – k o n f l i q t i.

didi xnis manZilze sabWoTa xelovnebaTmcodneobaSi

miRebuli iyo mcdari Sexeduleba TiTqos da dramatuli

konfliqti SeiZleba mxolod s o c i a l u r i xasiaTis

iyos. cnobil Teoretikoss da mecniers vl. saxnovski

– pankeevs Zalisxmeva dasWirda, rom uaryos es cru

debuleba da daamtkicos, rom socialuri konfliqtis

garda arsebobs agreTve a s o c i a l u r i

(anu antisocialuri konfliqti), romlis gavrcelebis

sfero xelovnebaSi sakmaod farToa: `konfliqtis

yvela mamoZravebeli sawyisebi, wers v. saxnovski-pankeevi,

Tavs iyrian adamianSi da mxolod adamianSi. magram

amis miuxedavad dramatuli konfliqti yovelTvis ar

aris socialuri xasiaTis. Cven ar SegviZlia vuwodoT

socialuri meterlinkis `brmebis~ an ioneskos `qaCali

momRerlis~ konfliqts. dramas yovelTvis ara aqvs

kavSiri socialur urTierTobebTan~.1

amitomac sruliad usafuZvlod gamoiyureba

nebismieri mcdeloba socialuri konfliqtis cnebis

gadaqcevis usazRvro da erTaderT realobad. es raRaciT

mogvagonebs `socialisturi realizmis~ doqtrinas,

romelsac, zogjer ironiulad uwodebdnen `realizms

sazRvrebis gareSe~.

da marTlac, asocialuri (antisocialuri) konfliqtis

gamovlinebis magaliTebi xelovnebaSi mravlad moiZebneba:

gvxvdeba iseT nawarmoebebSi, sadac adamiani warmodgenilia,

1 Сахновский-Панкеев Вл. Драма. Л.,1969, с.47


66

rogorc sufTa biologiuri arseba, romelic emorCileba

mxolod instiqtebs, qvecnobier Sinagan impulsebs da amis

Sedegad cxovels emsgavseba. adamianis aseT saxes xSirad

vxvdebiT naturalistur, modernistul, siurealistur

literaturul Tu dramaturgiul TxzulebebSi.

simbolisturi mimarTulebis farglebSic Cven isev

asocialuri konfliqtis tyveobaSi vrCebiT, radgan

simbolistebi uaryofdnen adamianis moRvaweobis

socialur sferos, maT nawarmoebSi realuri yofis

asaxva mTlianad gamoiricxeboda, piesebi ki agebuli iyo

mudmivi koliziebis da konfliqtebis niadagze.

Zvel berZnul TeatrSi asocialuri konfliqtis

arseboba sruliad warmoudgeneli iyo – `qoros

xma~ tragediaSi faqtobrivad sazogadoebrivi azris

gamoxatvis funqcias iRebda Tavis Tavze. magram ukve

romauli periodis xelovnebaSi, iseT JanrSi, rogoricaa

farsi, gvxdeba gmirebi, romlebic mxolod instinqtebis

dakmayofilebaze fiqroben, _ e. i. konfliqtic aq

asocialuri xasiaTisaa; am epoqaSi komediis gmirebic

ki cxovroben gamogonil samyaroSi, romelSic erTaderT

realobas warmoadgens mxolod sasiyvarulo vneba.

saboloo jamSi socialuri konfliqti yovelTvis

asaxavs cxovrebiseul konfliqts, romelic warmoiSoba

sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis niadagze, xolo

asocialuri konfliqti amgvar problematikas saerTod

gamoricxavs. principuli uaryofa sazogadoebrivi

da socialuri cxovrebis gveZleva simbolistebTan,

viaC. ivanovis Teatralur koncefciaSi (`sobornoe

deistvo~); s. fSibiSevskis àxali dramis~ koncefciaSi,

sadac yvelaferi xdeba mxolod gmiris sulSi da gmirs

amoZraveben instinqtebi da misTvis sruliad gaugebari

`bneli Zalebi~.

1902 wels a. strindbergi aqveynebs Tavis piesas

`sizmrebis TamaSi~, romelSic modernistuli dramis


67

koncefcias eZleva mniSvnelovani gadaazreba. am dramatul

nawarmoebSi saxezea xilvebis da ocnebebis nakadi,

romelic aranair logikas aRar eqvemdebareba. dramis

winasityvaobaSi strindbergi wers imis Sesaxeb Tu ras

niSnavs es axali koncefcia. konkretulad – adgils

da dros araviTari mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia. sinamdvilis

mqral fonze warmosaxva gvixatavs sul axal da axal

naqargebs – es mogonebebis, gancdebis, ocnebebis narevia,

Tavisufali fantaziis da improvizaciis nayofi.

amgvarma koncefciam mogvianebiT Tavisi dasabuTeba

hpova froidis moZRvrebaSi da ganviTarda froidistuli

dramis saxiT. ra bunebisaa konfliqti aseT dramebSi?

rogori mamoZravebeli Zalebi ganapiroben mas? sanam

am SekiTxvebze pasuxs gavcemdeT moviyvandi kidev erT

mniSvnelovan mosazrebas, romelic gagviadvilebs sakiTxis

gaazrebas: `yuradReba seqsualuri sawyisebis mimarT,

maSinac, rodesac igi nakarnaxevia froidis naSromebis

SeswavliT, ar xdis xelovnebis nawarmoebs ueWvelad

froidistuls... dramaSi SeiZleba iyos Zalian bevri seqsi,

magram mas froidizmTan araferi akavSirebdes. da, piriqiT,

drama, romelSic seqsualuri motivebi meore planzea,

SesaZlebelia froidistuli iyos, Tu mis safuZvels

Seadgens konfliqti cnobieris da qvecnobieris Soris,

rodesac misi gmirebi sruliad moklebuli arian

nebelobas da emorCilebian qvecnobieris alogikur

impulsebs~.1

maSasadame, froidis mier nebelobis uaryofa TviT

dramis safuZvels ewinaaRmdegeba, romelsac rCeba

dramatulis gamomxatveli mxolod erTi mxare –

konfliqti _ `fiqrebSi Cavardnil~ cnobierisa da

mmarTvel qvecnobieris Soris, romelic adamians aRiqvams

rogorc asocialur biologiur arsebas.

froidizmis gavlena SeigrZnoba i. o nilis, a. mileris,

1 Сахновский-Панкеев, Вл. Драма. Л.,1969, с.55-59.


68

t. uiliamsis, e. olbis SemoqmedebaSi, Tumca Tu gvinda

davasaxeloT froidistuli dramis klasikuri nimuSebi,

maSin gverds ver auvliT `tramvai-survils~ da `katas

gaxurebul Tunuqis saxuravze~. am piesebSi gmirebis

gadayvana zneobriobis sazRvrebis gareT ganpirobebulia

mxolod erTi dramatuli koliziis ganmsazRvreli ZaliT

– es aris fsiqo-seqsualuri xasiaTis kolizia, romelic

amomwuravad xsnis nawarmoebis forma-Sinaarsobriv arss.

dramatuli konfliqtis erT-erT Taviseburebas

warmoadgens misi garegnuli da Sinagani xasiaTi – mas

SeuZlia aRniSnos gmiris konfliqti sakuTar TavTan da

amave dros Seqmnas socialuri Tu zneobrivi ideebis

brZolis STambeWdavi suraTi. am konteqstSi kargi

magaliTia `hamleti~, romelSic konfliqtis es orive

mxare naTlad ikiTxeba – TiTqmis yvela gmirs emCneva

Sinagani winaaRmdegoba sakuTar TavTan, (TviT klavdiusis

da hertrudas CaTvliT) da amave dros, es udidesi

protestia klavdiusis samyaros winaaRmdeg. sapirispiro

magaliTia dezdemonas xasiaTi, romelSic aranairi Sinagani

Relva samwuxarod ar Cans.

konfliqtis evolucia grZeldeba avangardistul

dramaSi (anu àbsurdis~ an paradoqsis TeatrSi) da

surealizmSi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi Cven gvaqvs saqme

asocialuri xasiaTis konfliqtTan. magram aqac

gamonaklisi arsebobs: ès moxda ioneskos dramaSi

`martorqebi~, romlis gmirma gadawyvita SeewinaaRmdegos

martorqad gadaqcevis process. Seiqmna konfliqti

pirovnebis da sazogadoebis Soris, romelic gardaiqmna

brbod~.1

absurdis Teatris sxva nawarmoebSi aseTi tipis

konfliqti, sadac gveZleva, miniSneba mainc, socialuri

motivis arsebobis Sesaxeb, ar moiZebneba. laki da

poco s. beketis `godos molodinSi~ asaxaven garkveul

1 Сахновский-Панкеев Вл. Драма. Л.,1969, с.60.


69

winaaRmdegobas, magram misi moxsna sruliad SeuZlebelia,

radgan laki sikvdilamde aTrevs bargs, xolo poco

bolo dRemde maTraxiT scems mas.

Tanamedrove xelovneba saerTod xdeba sul ufro da

ufro – a n t i s o c i a l u r i _ es magistraluri

tendencia naTlad Cans iseT mimarTulebebSi, rogoricaa

naturalizmi, simbolizmi, modernizmi, surealizmi,

postmodernizmi.

ase rom asocialuri konfliqtis sfero sul

ufro farTovdeba da moicavs Tanamedrove xelovnebis

mniSvnelovan sivrces. xolo socialuri problematika

da sazogadoebrivi interesebi TandaTan kargaven

mniSvnelobas da Tu pouloben asaxvas – mxolod

primitiuli xasiaTis serialebSi, sadac damajereblobis

xarisxi sakmaod dabalia. unda vTqvaT, rom realizmma,

rogorc XIX s. wamyvanma mimarTulebam XX da XXI ss.

dakarga Tavis poziciebi. gamonakliss am SemTxvevaSi marto

brextis èpikuri Teatris~ principuli socialuri

tendenciuroba warmoadgens.

surealizmis manifestSi andre bretoni wers: ̀ mxolod

warmosaxvaSi SemiZlia warmovidgino is, rac SeiZleba

moxdes da es sakmarisia, rom nawilobriv mainc davujero

warmosaxvas da ar meSinodes, rom movtyuvdebi.

mokalaTdiT romelime kuTxeSi, sadac Tqveni azri

SeZlebs yuradRebis koncentrirebas Tavis Tavze.

moiTxoveT mogitanon saweri mowyobiloba. modundiT da

moeSviT, rogorc SegiZliaT... daiviwyeT Tqveni genialoba

da niWi... uTxariT Tqven Tavs, rom literatura – yvelaze

sevdiani gzaa, romelmac, SesaZlebelia sadRac migiyvanos.

daiwyeT Cqari wera, yovelgvari winaswar dagegmili Temis

gareSe – wereT imdenad Cqara, rom ver daimaxsovroT da

ar gadaikiTxoT naweri~.1

1 Бретон А. Манифест сюрреализма. См. сб. Программные выступления мастеров литературы ХХ века. М.,1986, с. 41-59.


70

warmosaxvis amgvari fetiSizacia, rasakvirvelia,

metyvelebs imaze, rom nebismieri konfliqti surealistur

nawarmoebSi mTlianad gamoricxavs socilur

motivacias.

Tavis programul werils bretoni agrZelebs

Semdegnairad: `surealistur saxeebTan saqme iseTivea,

rogorc saxeebTan, romlebsac qmnis opiumis momxmarebeli,

romlebsac adamiani ki ar iZaxebs, – ara _ isini TviTon

modian masTan TviTneburad da despoturad~.1

sikvdilis Tema aaxloebs surealizms simbolizmTan

da absurdis TeatrTanac – `surealizmi dagexmarebaT

sikvdilis wvdomaSi, romelic saidumlo sazogadoebas

warmoadgens~, _ ambobs bretoni. magram aq sasurvelia

gavixsenoT absurdis Teatris warmomadgenlebic (beketi,

ionesko), romelTa gmirebi arseboben sisocxlisa da

sikvdils zRvarze: maT iseve eSiniaT cxovrebis, rogorc

sikvdilis: isini sCadian uCveulo saqcielebs, laparakoben

daumTavrebeli frazebiT... adamianis cxovreba absurdulia,

radgan igi momakvdavia.

Tavis radikalur pozicias xelovnebis mimarT

salvador dali gamoxatavs programul werilSi

`standartis poezia~, sadac igi adidebs teqnikuri

progresis jadosnur miRwevebs: `rogor gveZaxis

es samyaro, _ CaviZiroT ucnobi sagnebis okeaneSi:

vercxlisferi manqanis saburavi... sigaretis gamabruebeli

gemo, tuCis pomadis feris kolofebSi... sanam fexsacmeli

gvemsaxureba – Cven vatarebT mas. daZveldeba da sxvenze

avagdebT. ratom igives ar viTxovT xelovnebisagan? Tu

igi daZvelda – avagdoT sxvenze~.2

sinamdvileSi dramatulis koncefcia yvelaze pirdapir

da uSualo formaSi aisaxeba xelovnebis nawarmoebSi da,

1 Бретон А. Манифест сюрреализма. См. сб. Программные выступления мастеров литературы ХХ века. М.,1986, с. 64. 2 Дали С. Там же, с.250-251.


71

pirvel rigSi, vlindeba konfliqtSi, radgan konfliqtebiT

savse situaciebi da xasiaTebi qmnian dramis niadags,

gansazRvraven mis arss, mTel zneobriv mniSvnelobas.

amitom dramis erTaderT WeSmarit sagnad unda miviCnioT

realuri cxovrebiseuli moqmedeba, romelsac Tavisi

specifikuroba axasiaTebs. igi warmoiSoba, rogorc

pirovnebis, gmiris, nebis gamoxatvis Sedegi da Tavis

ganxorcielebis gzaze win araerTi dabrkoleba xvdeba:

sxva gmirebis sapasuxo moqmedeba iwvevs konfliqtur

dapirispirebas da brZolas, romlis gareSe dramis

arseboba SeuZlebelia.

hegeli wers: `sityvis xelovnebis gansakuTrebul

saxeobebs Soris dramatuli poezia aerTianebs Tavis

TavSi eposis obieqturobas lirikis subeqturobasTan...

da asaxavs Caketil moqmedebas, [...] rogorc moqmedebas

realurs, romelic warmoiSoba xasiaTis ganviTarebis

sferodan, rogorc moqmedeba gansazRvruli miznebis

substanciuri bunebiT, individebiT da koliziebiT~.1

moyvanili ganmarteba dramis saxasiaTo niSnebs

gviCvenebs erTobliobaSi, rogorc maTi dinamikuri da

dialeqtikuri mTlianoba, rac gvaZlevs saSualebas

ganvixiloT drama nebismieri mimdinareobis da stilis

sazRvrebSi. miT ufro, rom Tanamedrove Teatris

ganviTarebis mTavari tendencia gamoikveTeba xelovnebis

da Semoqmedebis maqsimaluri Tavisuflebis miRwevaSi.

Teatraluri koncefcia, romelic ganisazRvreba ufro

gamomsaxvelobiTi formebis ZiebiT, vidre tradiciebis

mimarT erTgulebiT, pozitiuri aRmoCnda rogorc

realisturi, aseve antirealisturi xelovnebisaTvis.

e. bentlis mixedviT `siuJeti exmareba dramaturgs

koliziebis da Sejaxebebis SeqmnaSi. dramaturgi

moqmedebs ise, rogorc vTqvaT, gadareuli policieli,

romelic imis magivrad, rom aaridos quCaSi manqanebi

1 Гегель. Собр. соч., т. 14, М., с. 329.


72

erTmaneTs, piriqiT _ ajaxebs maT. Sejaxeba iwvevs

mayurebelSi cnobismoyvareobis zrdas; Sejaxebebis

Sesabamisi ganlagebiT SeiZleba miRweuli iyos daZabuli

molodinis efeqti mayurebelTa darbazSi~.1

es magaliTi saxumaro da ironiul formaSia mocemuli,

magram masSi kargad ikiTxeba koliziis da dramatuli

konfliqtis roli – ZiriTadi daniSnuleba dramisa da

Teatris cxovrebaSi. meterlinkis statikur da umoqmedo,

umoZrao TeatrSic ki, kolizia da dramatuli konfliqti

ar kargavs Tavis gadamwyvet rols. aq ubralod maTi

danaxva xdeba sxva xerxebis meSveobiT, romlebic saerTo

statikur fonzec – adamianis uZlurobis Temas xsnian

mudmivi, gadaulaxavi konfliqtis fonze.

konfliqtis bunebas kargad grZnobdnen romantikosebi,

pirvel rigSi ki, romantizmis manifestis avtori _

viqtor hiugo, romelmac konfliqtis mniSvneloba

aiyvana warmoudgenel simaRleze: `ra aris drama, Tu ara

yoveldRiuri winaaRmdegoba – yovelwamieri brZola or

mowinaaRmdege sawyiss Soris, romlebic dausruleblad

ekamaTebian erTmaneTs _ adamianis dabadebidan mis

saflavamde~, _ didebuli azria, miT ufro, Tu gavixsenebT

hiugos personaJebs; kvazimodos, romelic Zalian

maxinjia da imave dros keTili. miuxedavad xelovnebis

ganviTarebis saerTo suraTis araadekvaturi aRqmisa,

hiugom, mainc SeZlo dramatuli konfliqtis rolis

gazrda iseT grandiozul masStabSi, rom yovelive es

iqca adamianis bunebis aRqmis saSualebad: magaliTisTvis

gavixsenoT Tundac `kaci romelic icinis~. romantizmis

Tema – saxelmZRvanelos momavali nawilis sagania. amJamad,

misi xseneba xdeba mxolod dramatuli konfliqtis

ganxilvis farglebSi.

maSasadame, dramatuli konfliqti Teatraluri

xelovnebis ganuyreli nawilia; obieqturad moTxovnadi

1 Бентли Э. Жизнь драмы. М., 2004, с. 51.


73

da aucilebeli elementi, romlis gareSe arc erTi

vizualuri xelovnebis saxeoba, skola, stili Tu

mimarTuleba, ver ganaxorcielebs Tavis mTavar

daniSnulebas – asaxos adamianis cxovreba, rogorc

winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse gza, romlis gamoxatvaSi

monawileobas Rebulobs yvela arsebuli xerxi. suraTi,

romelic gveZleva dramaSi, Teatralur warmodgenaSi,

kinematografiul an satelevizio filmSi, aRbeWdavs

am gzis mniSvnelovan etapebs dramatuli elementebis

sruli SemadgenlobiT – peripetiebiT, amocnobebiT,

kompoziciuri Tu struqturuli ganlagebis saSualebiT

da agebis specifikuri principebis daxmarebiT.

dramatuli elementebis saerTo CamonaTvalSi

kolizias da konfliqts ukaviaT gadamwyveti poziciebi.

marTalia, maT gareSec SeiZleba Seiqmnas sasiyvarulo

leqsi, novela an idiliuri xasiaTis pastoraluri

Canaxati, magram ara drama, romlis mTavari daniSnulebaa

– aRbeWdos s i n a m d v i l i s u d i d e s i

w i n a a R m d e g o b e b i.

dramaturgiis nimuSSi SesaZloa vixiloT

realisturi an antirealisturi garemo; socialuri Tu

asocialuri cxovrebis suraTi, faqtebis pirdapiri an

iribi asaxva, fantastikuri da ucnauri surealisturi

gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis saSualebebi, magram kolizia

da konfliqti nebismier SemTxvevaSi daikaveben masSi

Tavis Seucvlel adgils, radgan maT gareSe xelovneba

airCevs s i c a r i e l e s.


74

maia kiknaZe

axali Teatrebi

rusTavsa da axalcixeSi

(1967 weli)

XX s-is 60-iani wlebis qarTul TeatrSi

umniSvnelovanesi movlena iyo 1967 wels, rusTavsa da

axalcixeSi axali Teatrebis Camoyalibeba. rusTavis Teatri

Seiqmna marjaniSvilis TeatrSi momxdari konfliqtis

safuZvelze, xolo mesxeTis Teatri, sazogadoebisaTvis

sruliad ucnobma axalgazrda msaxiobTa jgufma Seqmna,

romelTac sadiplomo namuSevari axalcixeSi daicves.

saxelmwifo komisia cnobili mecnieris, fsiqologis r.

naTaZis TavmjdomareobiT, axalcixeSi Cavida da adgilze

moxda Teatraluri institutis kursdamTavrebulTa

msaxiobad kurTxeva.

rusTavSi, Teatris pirveli speqtakli iyo edmon

rostanis ̀ sirano de berJeraki~, axalcixeSi oTar CxeiZis

`Tedore~. am ori sruliad gansxvavebuli piesis TviT

dadgmis faqti, Teatrebis pirveli ganacxadi, garkveviT

migvaniSnebda sarepertuaro politikis aqcentebze

_ 60-ian wlebSi momxdar cvlilebebze, pirovnebis

Tavisuflebisa da erovnul-patriotuli ideebis

gamoxatvis tendenciebze.

1967 wlis ianvarSi, kulturis saministros brZanebis

safuZvelze (brZaneba 1966 wlis dekemberSi daiwera) aRdga

axalcixeSi qarTuli Teatri. maSindeli xelmZRvanelis,

reJisor nana demetraSvilis daJinebuli TxovniT, Teatrs

ara axalcixis, aramed mesxeTis Teatri ewoda. `Tavidan

ar moewonaT Cemi winadadeba, _ igonebs q-ni nana, _ magram

gadis dro... ase ori-sami weliwadi da meZaxis erT-erTi

maRalCinosani TavisTan, miCvenebs somxebis mier daweril

saprotesto arzas (xels awers 120 kacze meti), sadac

75

naTqvamia: axalcixeSi qarTvelebs Tu aqvT Tavisi Teatri,

maSin Cvenc unda gagvixsnaT somxurenovani Teatri ise,

rogorc cxinvalSi da soxumSiao!.. SeSinebuli Cinosani

davawynare. Tqven SegiZliaT somxebs argumentirebuli

pasuxi gasceT. marTalia, axalcixeSi 70% somexia, magram

mesxeTis Teatri mxolod axalcixis Teatri ki ar aris,

aramed mTlianad – mesxeTis... sadac ricxobrivad meti

qarTveli cxovrobs, vidre somexi – meTqi...~1

nana demetraSvili, romelic manamde giorgi

erisTavis sax. goris TeatrSi muSaobda, 1967 wlis 21

aprils Teatraluri institutis studentebTan erTad

Tbilisidan mesxeTisaken gaemgzavra. maT gahyva reJisor-

pedagogebis jgufi: al. miqelaZe da n. gaCava, reJisor-

damdgmeli d. ciskariSvili. Teatris xelmZRvanelobas

(direqtori mixeil meZmariaSvili), kargad esmoda yvela

is sirTule, rac axali Teatris Seqmnas Tan axlavs. dass

Teatris Sesaferisi Senobac ki ar daxvda. marTalia,

msaxiobebi, Semoqmede biTad gamoucdelni iyvnen, magram

maTSi arsebobda axalgazrduli energia, daucxromeli

Jini, swrafva siaxlis Ziebisaken. Teatris mTavarma

reJisorma nana demetraSvilma, mxatvarebTan Tamaz

xuciSvilTan, farnaoz lapiaSvilTan, kompozitor oTar

TaqTaqiSvi lTan erTad premierisaTvis daiwyo mzadeba.

dasadgmelad oTar CxeiZis piesa airCies. `Tedores~

warmodgenam 1967 wlis 23 seqtembers, warmatebiT

Caiara. warmodgenis Semdeg, msaxiobebs institutis

diplomebi gadaecaT. speqtakls didi gamoxmaureba

mohyva, es dRe gacilebiT sazeimo iyo, vidre Cveulebrivi

premiera. qarTuli Teatris aRorZineba mesxeTis miwaze

did politikur movlenad iqca. maSindelma kulturis

ministrma, kompozitorma oTar TaqTaqiSvilma am dResTan

dakavSirebiT aRniSna: `Teatris dabadeba, mniSvnelovani

faqtia xalxTa kulturul cxovrebaSi, miT ufro

1 Jurn. `Cveni mwerloba~. 2010, #8.

76

mniSvnelovani da sagulisxmoa, rodesac is xdeba mesxeTis

miwaze, qarTveli xalxis saamayo mxareSi. dae, es Teatri

iqces kulturis mniSvnelovan kerad, xalxTa zneobrivi

wrTobisa da aRzrdis saukeTeso saSualebad~.1

mesxeTis Teatris pirvelive speqtaklis warmatebam,

stimuli misca axalbeda koleqtivs. gansxvavebiT rusTavis

Teatris msaxiobebi sagan, romlebsac axali Teatris Seqmnis

procesSi garkveuli Semoqme debiTi biografia gaaCndaT,

mesxeTis Teatris msaxiobebi SemoqmedebiT karieraSi

pirvel nabijebs dgamdnen, amdenad TavianTi artistuli

biografiisaTvis oTar CxeiZis piesaSi gamosvla garkveuli

eqsperi mentic ki iyo. speqtaklSi unda gamovleniliyo

axalgazrdebis SemoqmedebiTi pozicia da moqalaqeobrivi

simwife. istoriul-patriotul Temaze Seqmnil piesas

ara marto warsulis SemecnebiTi mniSvneloba unda

hqonoda, aramed TanamedroveobisaTvis axlobeli unda

gamxdariyo. istoriuli warsulis amsaxveli faqtebi,

mRvdeli Tedores tragikuli istoria, kerZod osmalebis

mier 1609 wlis ivnisSi mRvdeli Tedores Sepyroba

da misi sikvdiliT dasja samSoblosaTvis daRupuli

gmirebis pativiscemis gamoxatulebad iqca. oTar

CxeiZis mier sainteresod mofiqrebuli kolorituli

xasiaTebisa da movlenebis monacvleoba qmnida dramatul

kolizias, romelic TandaTan aZlierebda mayure-

belTa interess gmiris bedisadmi. Tedores gonivruli

Canafiqri (mters gza-kvali auria da mefe luarsab

II-s adgilsamyofeli damala) da misi ganxorcielebis

gzebi dramaturgiu lad erTgvari monosistemiT aris

gaazrebuli, sadac yvelaferi Tedores bedis irgvliv

trialebs. Tamaz gamyreliZis Tedores Zlieri, gonieri

moqmedeba, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadeba gulgrils ar

tovebda mayurebels. konfliqtur situacias amZafrebda

Tedoresa da manglelis (a. qadagiSvili) Sepirispireba.

1 m. gogolaSvili `mesxetis Teatri~, Tb, 1976, gv. 34.

maia kiknaZe

77

speqtaklSi mniSvnelovani funqcia hqonda miniWebuli

zaza iluriZis macnes, is mxolod ambis momtani ki ar

iyo, aramed moqmedebis aqtiuri monawilec, mas SeeZlo

Tavisi rTuli Sinagani winaaRmdegobis Zlevaca da xalxis

aRelvebac. scenaze iqmneboda dramatuli peripetiebiT

aRsavse situaciebi, sadac gmirTa yoveli sityva, emocia

da azri samSoblos siyvarulis uzenaesobis ideis

gamosaxvas emsaxureboda. qalTa (g. patariZe, g. xviCia, m.

foTolaSvili, l. TevzaZe, l. suluaSvili, m. TuSiSvili,

T. CerqeziSvili) da vaJTa (o. awyureli, e. gogiZe, g.

koxreiZe, n. mwariaSvili, o. rexviaSvili, f. arRuliani,

v. nikolaiSvili, o. yuraSvili, T. CerqeziSvili) qoros

modelSi gadawyvetili mraval funqciuri qoro (mag.

qalTa qoro xan dedabrebs warmoadgenda, xan asulebs,

xanac dedebs), esTeturad mSvenier sanaxaobas qmnida.

Tbilisidan mesxeTSi wasulma axalgazrda

msaxiobebma patrio tuli saqme iTaves. isini gaaerTiana

nana demetraSvilis maRalma moqalaqeobrivma, erovnulma

Segnebam da Teatrisadmi usazRvro siyvarulma. maT

`Tedores~ dadgmiT daiwyes axali SemoqmedebiTi cxovreba.

am speqtakliT xSirad dadiodnen mesxeTis raionebSi

(aspinZa, adigeni da sxva), 1969 wels sagastrolod iyvnen

TbilisSi. yvelgan sixaruliT xvdebodnen axalgazrda

enTuziastebs da maT xelovnebas, upirvelesad ki oTar

CxeiZis `Tedores~, romelmac xalxis patriotuli idea

da Teatris moqalaqeobrivi pozicia gamoxata. ramdenime

kviraSi `Tedores~ sxva mniSvne lovani speqtaklebic

daemata (p. kakabaZe _ `yvaryvare TuTaberi, `kolmeurnes

qorwineba~ da al. CxaiZis `sibrZne sikvdilisa~).

pirvelive sezonSi Teatrma 11 speqtakli SesTavaza

mayurebels, sul 186 warmodgena iTamaSes.

sul sxva viTareba iyo rusTavis Teatris

Camoyalibebis SemTxvevaSi. 1967 wels marjaniSvilis

Teatris dass gamoeyo msaxiobTa TanamoazreTa jgufi

axali Teatrebi rusTavsa da axalcixeSi

78

giga lorTqifaniZis meTaurobiT. marjaniSvilis Teatris

niWierma SemoqmedebiTma Zalebma axali Teatris warmateba

ganapiroba. giga lorTqifaniZe werda: `TanamoazreTa

jgufi! swored es iyo gadamwyveti, rom Cven SevikribeT

erTmorwmune SemoqmedTa kavSirad. Cveni Teatri arsebiTad

maSin daibada, roca marjaniSvilelTa dasis axalgazrda

Taobam igrZno Teatris cxovrebaSi principuli

cvlilebebis aucilebloba... ufrosma Taobam mxari ar

dagviWira da Cven wamovediT Teatridan~1.

axali Teatris Seqmna, Tundac TanamoazreTa wreSi,

Teatris Seqmnis sawyis etapze rTul winaaRmdegobebiT

aRsavse procesebTan aris dakavSirebuli. amitom winaswar

Zneli iqneboda imis ganWvreta Tu rogor moaxerxebda

axali dasi marjaniSvilis TeatrSi miRweuli warmatebebis

fonze, maTi moRvaweoba axal Teatralur sivrcesa da

garemoSi ar gafermkrTalebuliyo. magram, sabednierod

yvelaferi kargad daiwyo. 1967 wlis 30 noembris

premieram warmatebiT Caiara. edmon rostanis heroikuli

komedia ̀ sirano de berJeraki~ rusTavis Teatris scenaze

warmatebuli aRmoCnda. giga lorTqifaniZis reJisura,

mxatvar mamia malazonias mier Seqmnili dekoracia,

kompozitor biZina kvernaZis musika, msaxiobTa (sirano

– oTar meRvineTuxucesi, roqsana – qeTevan kiknaZe, de

giSi – kote Toloraia, le-bre – nodar mgalobli Svili,

ragno – rezo xobua, kristian de nevileti – malxaz

gorgi laZe) maRali saSemsruleblo done, erT mTlian

kompozicias qmnida.

`sirano de berJeraki~, pirvelad 1892 wlis 28

dekembers warmoadgines parizis sen-martenis TeatrSi

koklen ufrosis monawileobiT. Tavad avtoric gamodioda

masiur scenebSi muSketeris kostiumSi gamowyobili.

speqtakli parizSi maSin daidga, roca viqtor hiugos

1 v. qarTveliSvili – inteleqtualurisa da romantikulis zRvarze.

Tb., 2006, gv. 227.

maia kiknaZe

79

romantikuli Teatri ukve aRar arsebobda. naturalizmis

da sxvadasxva Wreli mimdinareobis fonze siranos

dadgma iyo aRorZineba romantikuli Teatrisa, ris

Sesaxebac antuani Tavis dRiurebSi aRniSnavda: ̀ davbrundi,

romantizmis TeatrSio~. sinamdvileSi arsebuli poetis

savinien sirano de berJerakis (1619-1655) Tavgadasavali,

maSin gaxda xalxisaTvis popularuli, roca rostanis

niWierma kalamma mas xotba Seasxa da ukvdaveba SesZina.

sirano SesaniSnavi poeti, mecnieri, saocari pirovneba,

mebrZolis sulis adamiania. mas uyvars mSvenieri roqsana,

magram Tavisi didi cxviris gamo, Tavis Tavs misTvis

Seuferebel satrfod miiCnevs. sxva SemTxvevaSi ki,

sakuTar nakls - `blagvi gonebis patronTa gasagebad~

`mWermetyvelebis, oxunjobis~ sababad aqcevs. poeturi

romantika da mebrZoli suliskveTeba siranos keTilSobil

raindad warmoaCens. mas ar SeuZlia pirferoba da

mliqvneloba `qudis moxda da kudis qicini~ ama soflis

ZlierTa mimarT, arc gaCumeba SeuZlia, sindisze xelis aReba

`zneobrivad var mokazmulio~ _ ambobda TviTon, amitom

pirvelive gamosvlaze Teatr burgundiis otelSi, man

karis poets, cnobil mwerals ̀ sasiqadulo mamuliSvils~,

romelmac uflebaayril frangebs ZalauflebiT gamaZRari

kacis kmayofileba amcno, antuan baros axali piesis

`qlorizas~ warmodgena CauSala da uniWo msaxiobs

monflers `muzis SeuracxyofisaTvis~ risxva daatexa

Tavs. mTavari gmiris ironiuli damokidebuleba yalbi

Teatralurobis, butaforiulobis da cru paTetikis

mimarT rusTavelTa speqtaklis damdgmelTa pozicias

gamoxatavda.

keTilSobili raindis, romantikuli gmiris ocnebasa

da uxeS realobas Soris konfliqtis siRrmiseuli

Sreebi maRali ostatobiT iyo gadmocemuli oTar

meRvineTuxucesis mier. misi warmoTqmuli mTavari sityva,

roca is le-bres mimarTavs, speqtaklis ZiriTad ideas


80

gamoxatavda. sazogadoebaSi, sadac sikeTe da mSveniereba

ucnaurad aRiqmeba, sadac fiqri da ocneba dakveTiT

SeiZleba, pirovnebis Tavisufleba moCvenebiTia, xolo

WeSmariti xelovani daufasebeli:

àr SemiZlia

dakveTiT fiqri, ocneba... kmara!..

suli Tavisuflebas iTxovs

adamianiT iwyeba dro da

epoqa! kaci – ai mTavari!

suyvelaferSi, yvelgan da mudam

is unda iyo, rac xar namdvilad;.

ara zogadad adamiani,

aramed Seni saxli gerqvas:

qriste, esqile, lukreciusi,

demosTene Tu de berJeraki!~1

speqtaklis mTavari xazi _ Sepirispireba or

gansxvavebul msoflmxedve lobas Soris _ siranosa da

gvardieli de giSisa – amaRlebulsa da damdablebuls

Soris _ mkveTradaa gavlebuli. sirano ver itans

farisevlebs, ibrZvis maT winaaRmdeg, rasac ewireba kidec

finalur scenaSi, daSniT xelSi, rogorc ̀ WeSmarit poets~

(Tavad ase ambobs) surs maxvili Casces borotebas da

gangmiros.

ès Seni – sicruev! Sen – pirferobav~

Senc sakadrisi miiRe, Suro!

Senc – angarebav! Senc – didkacuro,

gabRenZilo, gaumaZRaro!2

amaRlebuli idealebisaTvis brZolaSi, farisevelTa

dapirispire baSi kacTmoyvare sirano kvdeba. Tumca

Tavs damarcxebulad ar scnobs _ `me momkles le bre,

maSasadame ver damamarcxes, es imas niSnavs, rom me davrCi

gamarjvebuli~.

1 e. rostani sirano de berJeraki, Tb, 1970, gv. 83.

2 iqve, gv. 184.

maia kiknaZe

81

`sirano de berJerakis~ warmodgena Taviseburi

manifesti iyo erT muStad Sekruli dasisa, romelsac

gamocdili reJisoris xeli ostaturad marTavda. sicruesa

da usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli romantikuli

gmiris pozicia, Teatris pozicias niSnavda. es iyo

Teatris didi gamarjveba, misi savizito baraTi. moskovSi

gastrolebis dros myofi rusTavis Teatris warmateba,

misi mxatvruli principebi, maRali profesiuli done

zustad gamoxata ruseTis sax. artistma maria knebelma,

romelic `de berJerakis~ warmodgenaze ambobda: ìsev da

isev speqtaklis ansambluroba, msaxiobTa individualobis

reliefuroba, sityvis Jestis moZraobis harmoniuloba.

mayurebeli grZnobs, rom scenaze msaxiobebi fiqrs ki ar

TamaSoben, aramed fiqroben~. yvelaze Zlieri STabeWdileba,

romlis tyveobasac ver davaRwev Tavs, aris sirano – o.

meRvineTuxucesi, maRali poeturi zeaweuloba, rainduli

suli, plastika da aseve Zlieri nebisyofis mamakacisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli sceniuri lirizmi~.1

rusTavis Teatris speqtaklebi e. rostanis `sirano

de berJeraki~, v. korostilovis, àsi wlis Semdeg~,

`firosmani~ im periodSi Seiqmna, roca rusTavelis

TeatrSi gmirul-romentikuli Teatris irgvliv atexili

kamaTi damTavrebuli iyo. rusTavis Teatris speqtaklebis

romantikulma stilma axali sicocxle SeiZina, romlis

stilsac akaki vasaZem `Sefaruli romantika~ uwoda.

rusTavis Teatris SeqmniT Taviseburad ganmeorda

marjaniSvilis Teatris Seqmnis istoria, roca msaxiobTa

erTi jgufi, konfliqtis niadagze gamoeyo rusTavelis

Teatrs da 1928 wels quTaisSi, kote marjaniSvilis

xelmZRvanelobiT axali Teatri Seiqmna. gavida TiTqmis

40 weli da imave marjaniSvilis TeatrSi konfliqtis

Sedegad wamosulma TanamoazreTa jgufma rusTavSi

Camoayalibes axali Teatri. Teatris istoriis es

1 giga lorTqifaniZe, Tb, 1987, gv. 412.


82

paralelebi SemTxveviTi ar aris, axalgazrdebs TavianTi

gansxvavebuli poziciebi da saTqmeli hqondaT. isini

momzadebulebi Sexvdnen axal cxovrebas.

rusTavisa da mesxeTis Teatrebis Seqmna qarTuli

Teatris istoriaSi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo. orive

Teatri sxvadasxva SemoqmedebiTi potenciisa iyo, magram

orivem sazogadoebis farTo rezonansi gamoiwvia. orive

Teatrma dasawyisSive mebrZoli xelovnebis gza airCia.

maia kiknaZe

83

Tamar quTaTelaZe

dro da speqtakli

absurdis Teatrma, komunisturi reJimis mamebis

mier evropuli dramaturgiisa da masSi gacxadebuli

Tavisufali, kritikuli azrovnebis akrZalvis gamo,

TiTqmis oTxi aTeuli wliT „daagviana“ saqarTveloSi.

postkomunisturi epoqis qarTuli Teatri ki 20 welze

metia eswrafvis gaiazros adamianis yofis absurdulobis

problema.

Tanamedrove qarTul TeatrSi umTavresad dgamen ara

absurdis Teatraluri esTetikis wminda erTgulebiT

gamorCeul speqtaklebs, aramed mis Tavisufal gaazrebas.

damdgmelebis mizania gaacnobieron qarTul sinamdvileSi

Seqmnili situacia rogorc globaluri procesebis

organuli nawili da is mojadovebuli karuseli,

romelic qveyanaSi permanentulad da TiTqmis ucvlelad

meordeba. ukanasknel wlebSi ganxorcielebuli ramdenime

warmatebuli speqtaklisa Tu scenuri saxis Tundac

zogadi analizic naTels hfens qarTul TeatrSi mimdinare

84

procesebs, samsaxiobo metyvelebis katastroful dones,

qveyanaSi arsebul situacias, qarTuli sazogadoebis

mentalobaSi SesamCnev cvlilebebsa da prioritetebs.

axali aTaswleulis dasawyisis erTgvar ,,niusad~

iqca d. mRebriSvilis mier samefo ubnis Teatris scenaze

ganxorcielebuli i. misimas `Cemi megobari hitleri~

(2004). piesis Targmani gaumarTavi, teqsti dasaxvewia,

magram garkveuli RirsebebiT gamorCeul speqtaklSi

Seiqmna ori mniSvnelovani scenuri saxe, – nato murvaniZis

hitleri da revaz TavarTqilaZis krupi.

qali msaxiobis mier am eqscentriuli `moRvawis~

sasceno gansxeulebis aqti TavisTavad iwvevs did

cnobiswadils, miT ufro rom msaxiobi scenaze qmnis

marTlac originalur mxatvrul saxes.

speqtaklSi n. murvaniZe hgavs da arca hgavs XX

saukunis 20-30-iani wlebis faSizmis belads. scenaze

iqmneba revoluciuri eiforiiT mojadovebuli da

finansuri mafiis nebayoflobiT ,,mZevlad~ qceuli

fsevdorevolucioneris ganzogadebuli saxe. msaxiobi

mxolod zogadi StrixebiT xatavs adolf hitleris

garegnobas, _ mis tradiciul Tmis varcxnilobas, dgomas,

xasiaTs. n. murvaniZis scenur gmirSi erTmaneTs erwymis

politikur avanscenaze nebismieri xerxiT darCenis

vneba da sikvdilis aCrdilis dauTrgunavi SiSi. scenur

niRabSi msubuqad ikveTeba msaxiobis qaluri sawyisic,

rac gamokveTs movlenis saxifaTo arss da revoluciuri

karuselebis epoqaSi arqetipis genderul wonasworobasac

ar gamoricxavs.

n. murvaniZis hitleris TiTqmis monaTesave personaJia

foladisfer grZel labadaSi gaxveuli r. TavarTqilaZis

krupi. igi xmel-xmeli, politikuri avanscenisgan mimaluli

da fardis miRma ganTavsebuli savarZlidan mimdinare

biznes-politikuri procesebisa Tu Tavad politikuri

biznesis mSvidi, Tavdajerebuli mayurebelia. TiTqmis

Tamar quTaTelaZe

85

saukunis asakis didi avtoritetis mqone krupi, Semparavi

sarkazmiT, cinikuri RimiliT, teqstualur masalaSi

uxvad gaJRerebuli qveteqstebiTa da gamyinavi xmiT,

scenaze warmosaxavs finansur mogebebze orientirebul,

samyaros politikuri TamaSebis erTpirovnul liders.

r. TavarTqilaZis krupic postindustriuli epoqis

adekvaturi niRabia.

ameli notomis ,,mtris

niRabi~ (2007), robert

sturuas mier rusTavelis

Teatris mcire scenaze

ganxorcielebuli ukanaskneli

wlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

dadgma iyo. speqtakls

aqtiurad stumrobda TiTqmis

samive Taobis mayurebeli.

axalgazrdoba ki mravalgzis

eswreboda warmodgenas

da tkbeboda msaxiobTa

uzado TamaSiT... amdenad

mniSvnelovnia ,,mtris niRbis~

kavSiris gaazrebac drosTan mimarTebaSi. rogorc Cans, am

speqtaklSic gacxadda mesame aTaswleulis sawyisi wlebis

Strixebi da qarTuli sazogadoebis damaxasiaTebeli

Tvisebebi.

dadgmaSi asaxulia klaustorfobiiT sneuli kacis,

Sesabamisad ki, eris TviTgamorkvevis procesisaTvis

gamiznuli aqti. klaustorfobia, rogorc daxuruli

sivrcis SiSi, sikvdilis, mtris, sxvisi da ucxo Tvalis

SiSicaa. igi speqtaklSi gankiTxvis, sakuTari arasasurveli

saxis Secnobisa da umweobis aRiarebis gancdasTan,

Tavisuflebisaken ugono miswrafebasTan asocirdeba.

scenaze arian orni, – adamiani da misi qvecnobieri,

erTmaneTTan maradiuli omiT Sebmuli mteri. speqtaklis

dro da speqtakli

86

orive mTavari gmiri tanatyorcnili, Savgvremani

axalgazrdaa. isini msaxiobTa samoqmedo sivrced moniSnuli

derefnis ori sapirispiro mxridan evlinebian darbazs da

Tvals ver acileben erTmaneTs. orives klasikuri muqi

samosi mosavs da xelSi samgzavro sakvoiaJi ukaviaT.

moqmedeba aeroportSi viTardeba. warmatebuli biznesmeni

b. zanguris Jeromi, saqmiani vizitiT miemgzavreba,

magram frena gadaido. kacma mosacdelSi wignis kiTxva

gadawyvita, magram moulodnelad mas ucnobi gaecno da

aiZula moesmina Semzaravi aRsareba.

TamaSis JiniT Sepyrobilma fortunam oTxi wlis

umwifar yrmas, mSoblebis saZinebelSi saxrCobelaze

dakiduli maTi gvamebi daaxvedra. Tavazardacemulma

biWma uneburad àsoze~ itaca xeli da dasaWurisebuli

kacis gausaZlisi Sinagani tkivilebiT daiklakna. am wuTs,

umweo bavSvis naz sxeulSi sikvdili Casaxlda. cxovrebis

avanscenaze misi udidebulesoba, yovlisdamangreveli

stresi damkvidrda da travmirebuli instiqtebis

axalgazrdaSi umarTavi borotmoqmedi aaRorZina.

g. svaniZis teqstori, b. zanguris Jeromis Sinagani

monologis personificirebuli saxe, `mtris niRabia~.

igi daJinebiT uTvalTvalebs, yvelgan Tan sdevs msxverpls,

aiZulebs gaacnobieros sakuTari warsuli da `mterze~

SurisZiebisken mouwodebs. b. zanguris Jeromi gaurbis

TviTSecnobis rituals. misi mizania xelovnurad

moikveTos qvecnobieridan aRorZinebuli tkivili da Tavi

daaRwios ̀ ucxos~ diqtats.Mmougerielebeli ucnobisagan

gabezrebuli da wyobidan gamosuli b. zanguris

scenuri gmiri, yelSi swvdeba g. svaniZis teqstors

da orTabrZolaSi `gamarjvebuls~ SvebiT aRmoxdeba:

`Tavisufali var!~, mterTan Zaladobivi meTodebiT

angariSsworebis mosurne ki Tavadve aResruleba.

msaxiobebiPerovnuli problemis siRmiseuli wvdomiT

qmnian personaJebis qvetestis qveteqstTa saxier qmedebebs.

Tamar quTaTelaZe

87

maTi TamaSis xerxebi uxvadaa gajerebuli principuli

ekleqtizmiT, amaRlebuli da ukiduresad damiwebuli,

TiTqmis uxamsobis zRvramde misuli epizodebiT,

romlebsac samoedno Teatris esTetikaSi gawafulebi,

histrionTa galanturobiT warmogvidgenen.

qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebis analizisas, qarTuli

Teatris moRvaweebisaTvis Seqspiri TiTqmis mSobliur

dramaturgad iqca. mas XIX saukunidan aqtiurad

mimarTavdnen qarTuli Teatris moRvaweebi. Seqspiruli

dramaturgiis qarTul scenaze realizebas ilia WavWavaZem

Cauyara safuZveli (1859). rogorc irkveva, qarTuli

TeatrisaTvis ara marto elisabediseuli Teatris

programa `totaluri Teatraluri enis~ Taobaze

aRmoCnda organuli, aramed masSi asaxuli problemebi

da xasiaTebic.

Seqspiris dramaturgiidan qarTul scenaze

gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad idgmeboda misi `sisxliani

tragediebi~, sadac Zalauflebis pyrobis JiniT gaxelebuli

adamianis Sinagani samyaros kvleva, xelisuflebis

mitacebis Semdeg adamianis sruli degradacia da qveynis

marTvis uunarobiT ganviTarebuli apokalifsuri

movlenebi iazreboda. qarTuli inteligencia cdilobda

gaeazra savarZlis pyrobis azartiT gankacebuli,

agresiuli lideris cxovrebis wesi, misi aRmasvlisa

da dacemis suraTi, revoluciebis Sedegad mravalgzis

ganmeorebuli karuseli.

XXI saukunis dasawyisSi, daviT doiaSvilma Seqspiris

`makbeTi~ (2009) ganaxorciela Tbilisis musikisa da

dramis TeatrSi. speqtaklma warmatebuli gastrolebi

gamarTa sazRvargareTis mraval qveyanaSi. dadgma araerTi

prestiJuli premiiTac aRiniSna rogorc CvenSi, ise

ucxoeTSi da mas genialuri piesis àxali wakiTxva...

misi axleburi, Zalian Tavisufali gaazreba~1 uwodes.

1 Jurn. `Teatri da cxovreba~, 2010, #4.

dro da speqtakli

88

speqtakli absurdis Teatris esTetikiT iqna

dadgmuli. warmodgenas iwyeben, warmarTaven da kvlav

Tavidan iwyeben TiTqmis Tineijeruli asakis jadoqrebi.

swored avsulebi gvevlinebian samyaros faruli, magram

realuri mmarTvelebi.

warmodgenis dasawyisSi, galanturad gamowyobili

`sameuli~ xelis gadabanis proceduriTaa dakavebuli.

rogorc irkveva, maT winamorbedi sisxliani intriga es

wuTia daasrules da wamieri pauziT mowyenilebi, umal

morigi garTobisaTvis emzadebian. jadoqrebis axali

saseiro gegmis dasaxva – aRsrulebis molodini didxans

ar gastans. maTi msxverpli SesaZloa gaxdes nebismieri,

Tundac yvelaze keTilSobili, mravali RirsebiT

gamorCeuli.

`samTa kavSiri~ Tavadac

didi xalisiT erTveba

Canafiqris realizaciis

procesSi, mokvdavTa

cxovrebis wesSi. ,,es

jadoqrebi gasaocar

transformacias ganicdian.

isini xan mekareebad

gvevlinebian, xan ledi makdufad~.1 maTTvis cxovreba

Teatria, adamiani – marioneti, romelsac sakuTari

ganwyobis Sesatyvisad marTaven, aknineben, dascinian, rom

Tvali miadevnon adamianis umweobis, dacemis, gadagvarebis

masStabs.

speqtaklSi Zalauflebis mflobeli dunkanisa da

makbeTis sxeulebi, identurad deformirebuli, koWli da

kuziania. xelisufalTa erTnairad ybamoRrecili, ugrZnobi,

TeTrad SefeTqili, cxedrebs mimsgavsebuli saxeebi

ganamxelen sakuTar sindisTan mravalmxriv kompromiss,

maradiul RirebulebaTa srul kriziss. ama qveynis

1 Jurn. ,,Teatri da cxovreba~, 2010, #4.

Tamar quTaTelaZe

89

ZlierTa Sinagan samyaroSi aSlili, gaucnobierebeli

da mougeriebeli SfoTi, maT umZafrebT dauokebel,

sadomazoxistur vnebas adamianTa wamebis, samyaros

xelyofis aqtiT tkbobisken.

,,dankani, romelic ZiriTadad keTili moxuci

jentlmeni aris xolme, namdvil tiranad mogvevlina.

Tavis mxedarTmTavrebsa da ojaxis wevrebs, rogorc

moeprianeboda ise eqceoda... dankani a. begaliSvilis

SesrulebiT – es aris codvili moxuci, sastiki tirani

da jambazi... igi midis makbeTis sasaxleSi gamokveTili

surviliT – dawves ledisTan~,1 – ase exmaureboda

sazRvargareTuli kritika d. doiaSvilis speqtakls.

makbeTis degradacia damkvidrebuli reJimis,

arajansaRi saxelisuflebo vertikalis logikuri

Sedegia. reJisori T. gogriWianis makbeTisa da ledis

saxiT (dadgmaSi ledi makbetis saxes ganasaxierebs ori

msaxiobi – n. kalatoziSvili da b. gogoriSvili), scenaze

qmnis axalgazrda, lamazi da aqtiuri Seyvarebulebis

portrets. grandiozuli gegmebis realizebis mizani

maT uneburad iTrevs mkvlelobaTa seriaSi. kompromisi

sabediswero, misgan Tavdaxsna ki SeuZlebeli xdeba.

Tanamedrove iaponeli dramaturgis koki mitanis piesis

`sicilis akademiis~ safuZvelze Seqmnil speqtaklSi

`Jolo~ (marjaniSvilis Teatri, 2010), reJisori l.

1 Jurn. ,,Teatri da cxovreba~ 2010. #4,

dro da speqtakli

90

wulaZe ganixilavs xelovanisa da saxelmwifos

urTierTobis problemas. piesis moqmedeba gasuli saukunis

40-ian wlebSi, faSizmis zeobis Jams mimdinareobs, omi

ki momgebiani fonia qveyanaSi samTavrobo interesebis

damcavi xelovnebiseuli produqciis dasamkvidreblad.

pirquSi Savi garemo, magida, skamebi, wiTeli lentebiT

uxvad moniSnuli dawunebuli literaturiT savse

Taroebi ganamxelen n. murvaniZis cenzor neos pedantur

xasiaTs. Teatraluri xelovneba misTvis sruliad

ucnobi sferoa da agresiuli qalis pozicia xistia, –

,,yvela piesa unda aikrZalos... iaponias garTobis dro

ara aqvs, omia~. Tavdajerebuli da cinikuri neos azri

xelovnebaze mkafiod asaxavs samTavrobo poziciasac.

eqstremalur situaciaSi myofi nika kuWavas dramaturgi

cubaki, movalea SeZlos sakuTari profesionalizmis dacva

da moipovos Tavisi komediis dadgmis ufleba rom Teatri

gadaarCinos daxurvisagan. garda amisa, cubaks ebraleba

xelovnebiT tkbobis sixaruls uCvevi, TiTqmis mamakacurad

gauxeSebuli qali da mzadaa nebismieri kompromisisTvis.

dramaturgi sakuTar movaleobad miiCnevs zemoqmedeba

moaxdinos xelisuflebis warmomadgenelze, gaaRviZos

masSi maradiul RirebulebaTa damcveli da energiulad

ibrZvis gamarjvebisTvis. nika kuWavas cubakma kidev

erTxel unda daamtkicos marad dapirispirebul mxareebs

Soris vin aris Zlieri da aRasrulos xelovnebis funqcia,

– iRvawos qveynis umwvavesi problemebis pozitiurad

gadawyvetis Sedegebis moZiebisTvis.

n. murvaniZis cenzoris mkacr imijs Tanmimdevrulad

angrevs sakuTar niWsa da xelovnebis saswaulmoqmed

ZalaSi darwmunebuli n. kuWavas komediografi. erT

cenzurul Casworebas mosdevs meore, mesame da sxva. n.

murvaniZis cenzori wyobidan gamohyavs dramaturgis

mSvid, Tvinier xasiaTs. nel-nela n. murvaniZis neos

gaoceba interesSi, orTabrZolaSi, urTierTpativiscemaSi

gadaizrdeba da xisti cenzori momxiblav, emociur qalad

Tamar quTaTelaZe

91

gardaiqmneba. masSic iRviZebs Teatrisadmi siyvaruli da

TamaSis survili. speqtaklma asaxa xlovanis xvedri

Tanamedrove realobaSi, sadac waiSala zRvari omsa da

mSvidobas Soris.

laSa buRaZis dramaturgias kritikosebi

araerTgvarovnad afaseben, Tumca erTxmad aRiareben mas

yvelaze `dadgmad~ dramaturgad. l. buRaZis piesebma

qarTul Teatrs Semata axali Taobis msoflgancda,

maTi Tvalsawieridan aRqmuli warsuli da realoba,

yvela SesaZlo meTodiT brZola sicocxlisa da

TviTdamkvidrebisTvis. dokumentalizmis principiT

agebul piesebSi, avtori uswrafesad exmianeba axal

sinamdvileSi warmoqmnil cvlilebebs. mis dramaturgias

axasiaTebs absurduli sinamdvilis ganCxrekis wadili,

warsulis maxinj gadmonaSTebTan brZolis survili,

Tanamedrove adamianis daucvelobis, misi apaTiisa Tu

depresiisadmi ganmkicxavi paTosi, aqtivobisadmi mowodeba.

avtori agresiuli, Tamami da kritikulia.

mimdinare wlis gazafxulze l. buRaZis ,,panTeoni’’,

TiTqmis erTdroulad daidga dedaqalaqis or TeatrSi.

Tavdapirvelad speqtakli ganaxorciela d. xvTisiaSvilma

axmetelis TeatrSi, xolo ramdenime dReSi igi dadga g.

iaSvilmac Tbilisis musikisa da dramis TeatrSi. orive

speqtakli radikalurad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. Tu

d. xvTisiaSvilis warmodgenaSi moqmedeba dramaturgiuli

teqstis Sesabamisad komunisturi epoqis finalur fazaSi

mimdinareobs, g. iaSvilis speqtaklis moqmedeba XXI

saukunis saqarTveloSia gadmotanili.Ggansxvavebulia

msaxiobTa mier Seqmnili scenuri saxeebic. rogorc

warmodgenebidan irkveva, drois distanciis miuxedavad,

qarTuli sazogadoebis cxovrebis wesi arsebiTad ar

Secvlila.

diskomfortiT Zalagaclili qarTuli

sazogadoebisaTvis `panTeonizmi~, saxelovani moRvawis

`statusi~, misi partnioroba Tu nebismieri xerxiT

dro da speqtakli

92

xelisufalTa winaSe Tavis

warmoCena, komfortuli

cxovrebisaTvis omis

simbolod iqca.

d. xvTisiaSvilis

speqtaklSi, arierscenis

siRrmidan moCans

sazogado moRvaweebis

biustebiT gadatvirTuli

mTawmindis panTeoni

(scenografia aivengo

WeliZis), iqve hkidia

Sav halstuxiani

komunisturi epoqis beladis, – v. i. leninis fotosuraTi.

scenis orive mxares ganTavsebul sawolebze komunisturi

reJimis moRvaweebi, – kompozitori da maTematikosi

elian aRsasruls.

m. mazavriSvilis konstantine ungiaZe, mTeli

warmodgenis manZilze agoniaSi myofic Txzavs sanukvar

simfoniebs da umweo xeliT diriJorobs kidec. misgan

gansxvavebiT v. ciciloSvilis viqtor anCabaZe, sityvauxvi

da energiuli adamiania. igi axalgazrda, moklekabian

eqTans yovel xelsayrel wuTs vnebianad uTaTunebs

xels barZayebze da srulebiTac ar apirebs sikvdils.

misi meuRlisaTvis ki mecnieri `viki~ jer kidev maSin

gardaicvala, opoziciis mitingze gamosvlisas mTavroba

rom gaanawyena.

moRvaweTa biografiis ramdenme Strixic naTels

hfens komunisturi reJimisadmi maTi erTgulebis

moCvenebiT xasiaTs. Tu v. ciciloSvilis viqtor anCabaZe

TanaugrZnobs erovnul moZraobas, m. mazavriSvilis

konstantine ungiaZesac SeuTxzavs mTavrobisaTvis

maamebluri simfonia `mcire miwa~, xolo revoluciurad

ganwyobilTaTvis `SoSiebi~. moRvaweTa lavirebis

Tamar quTaTelaZe

93

politika maTive meore naxevrebisTvisac ar aris ucxo.

`vinc pirveli mokvdeba, is daikrZaleba panTeonSi~

_ aseTia prezidentis gadawyvetileba da saxelovani

moRvaweebis `Tanamecxedreni~ xelovnurad aCqareben

meuRleTa gamgzavrebas maradiul sasufevelSi. meqalTane

viqtor anCabaZis gaavebuli coli warmatebiT axerxebs

panTeonis vakantur adgilze miuCinos bina sayvarel

`vikis~ da T. beJuaSvilis zeinab ungiaZes niSnismogebiT

uTavazebs energiul mujluguns. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tamar

beJuaSvilis mier Seqmnili `saTno~ zeinab ungiaZis

niRabic ar gaxlavT uzado. qvrivobis maZiebeli qalbatoni

srul mzaobaSia sargeblis mizniT, Setevaze gadavides

nebismier mamakacTan.

scenas uxvad stumroben saqarTvelos komunisturi

warsulis èrTguli~ Cinovnikebi. TaigulCabRujuli

medroveebi, iaffasiani gvirgvinebiT, yalbi intonaciebiT

gaJRerebuli saxotbo leqsebiTa Tu vrceli tiradebiT

naTels hfenen karierizmis sindromiT daavadebuli

sazogadoebis vnebas.

msaxiob j. jafariZis Temuri, scenaze qmnis erovnuli

moZraobis warmomadgenlis koloritul figuras. axovani,

WuWyiani, TmagaburZgnuli, siRatakisagan daTrgunuli

mamakaci, SeSinebuli iSorebs da gaurbis T. beJuaSvilis

zeinab ungiaZes. misi saxiT reJisori warmoaCens

mxolod piradi keTildReobis mosawyobad garjili

fsevdopolitikosebis niRabs.

d. xvTisiaSvilis speqtaklSi T. beJuaSvilis zeinab

ungiaZe mxolod uneburad

aJRerebs mis xasiaTSi

mTvlemare ambiciur

Strixs. am mxriv, g.

iaSvilis `panTeonSi~

(musikisa da dramis

Teatri), nino gomarTeli

dro da speqtakli

94

qmnis ̀ gaaznaurebuli mdabios~ portrets. am pragmatuli

qalbatonisTvis ukve mouTmeneli gamxdara sulTmobrZavi

moRvawis partnioroba.

cisia metrevelis mier gansaxierebuli kompozitoris

provincieli naTesavi eliso ungiaZe, uswrafesad

axerxebs safuZvlianad aiTvisos axali epoqis TamaSis

wesebi. speqtaklis miwuruls igi gvevlineba sarfiani

kavalris mflobel, Tanamedrove cekvebSi `ganswavlul~

inglisurad ametyvelebul, modurad gadapranWul

vampirad, romelic Tavisi pragmatuli azrovnebiT

zeinab ungiaZesac ganacvifrebs. msaxiobTa duetis mier

ostaturad gansaxierebuli scena ,,mTawmindis panTeonSi’’

da maTi kritikuli Sefasebebi moRvaweTa saflavebis

daTvalierebisas, mkafiod asaxavs rogorc qarTuli

sazogadoebis damokidebulebas `panTeonis binadrebze~,

ise `panTeonizmis~ problemas.

moRvaweTa meuRleebis gaxSirebuli vizitebi

xelisuflebis msaxurTa warmomadgenlebTan, msaxiobTa

TamaSis xazgasmiT paTetikuri metyveleba, warmoaCens

im makiavelistur garemos, adamians danaSaulisken

rom ubiZgebs. speqtaklSi Seqmnili Cinovnikebisa da

Jurnalistebis epizoduri saxeebi (g. yvelaSvilis

ministri nodar muxiguli, s. yifianis qalbatoni

valeria, a.zambaxaZis sako da nanuli, a. javaxiSvilis

manju), sakuTari personis TviTreklamirebebis xarjze

karieris mowyobaSi gaxelebul-gawafuli XXI saukunis

agresiuli axalgazrdobaa.

Tbilisis samefo ubnis TeatrSi nika TavaZis mier

ganxorcielebul slavomir mroJekis `striptizSi~

(2012), scenazea pirveli da meore mamakaci, realurad

ki erTi pirovnebis suli da sxeuli. amitomac hgvanan

isini erTmaneTs. orive maRalia, gamxdari, acviaT

erTnairi Savi Sarvlebi, Savi fexsacmelebi, zoliani

qveda sacvlebi. ucnobia maTi saxelebi, gvarebi da arc

profesia konkretdeba, rac tradiciulia absurdis dramis,

Tamar quTaTelaZe

95

anu antidramisaTvis. postindustriulma civilizaciam

Seqmna mxolod individi, romelic verasdros SeZlebs

gaxdes pirovneba. kargad marTul, stabiluri qaosis

samyaroSi maT sakuTari nebis, TviTrealizebis ,,Sansi’’

ar gaaCniaT.

scenaze mimdinareobs

`striptizi~, inteleqtualis

sulieri da fizikuri

gaSiSvlebis procesi. d. TavaZis

mier Seqmnili saTvaliani

mamakacis garkveuli bzari

xmasa da JestSi, qmnis SiSiT

daTrgunuli, Seuracxyofili

inteleqtualis saxes.

analitikuri azrovnebisken

midrekili antigmiri, eswrafis gaaanalizos momxdari.

misi dRe Cveulebrivad daiwyo, miiswrafoda

samsaxurisken da uecrad, gaurkveveli formis, aromatis,

sinaTlis, masis, konturis, mineralebis, elementebisa

da sxva Semadgenlobis energetikulma velma, anu misma

udidebulesoba drom, is daatyveva. d. TavaZis pirveli

acnobierebs rom is, vinc Seipyro igi, arc Tavisuflebis

uflebas miscems, amitomac mis erTaderT SesaZleblobad

rCeba SeinarCunos simSvide da gaarkvios ratom dairRva

udanaSaulo kacis cxovrebiseuli sazrisi. es d. TavaZis

mamakacis Sinagan samyaroSi mimdinare dialogia, romlis

sxeulebrivi sawyisi p. inauris scenuri gmiris saxiT,

TavisuflebisaTvis brZolis momxrea.

d. TavaZis scenuri saxe eswrafvis uCvenos

inteleqtuali, romelsac uWirs gadawyvetilebis

miReba, – surs Tu ara gaaRwios mikrosatusaRodan

totalur satusaRoSi?!. karebi Riaa da is ar gadis,

rac misi Tavisuflebis, garkveulwilad ki protestis

maniSnebelicaa. Tumca, kari maleve iketeba da

`Tavisuflebis~ mopovebis Sansic qreba.

dro da speqtakli

96

scenur sivrceSi mravalgzis aRmocenebuli

yovlisSemZle ZalauflebiT aRWurvili didi

avtoritetis mqone uxilavi ucnobis `muSti~, romelic

samyaros an reJimis mmarTvelis nebad warmogvidgeba,

ZaladobiT datyvevebul adamians marionetad gadaaqcevs

da mis mierve Seqmnili realobiT erToba da tkbeba. igi

daSinebiT aRwevs scenur gmirTa fsiqologiis ngrevas,

maTze zemoqmedebas, aSiSvlebs TviTgadarCenis mizniT

adamianis kompromisisken midrekis unars.

moZalade `xelis~ agresiuli neba, tyveebs

Tanmimdevrulad arTmevs fexsacmels, qamars, kostums,

Sarvals. igi TavSesafridan gaixmobs p. inauris scenur

gmirs, romelic protestis niSnad didxans akakunebs

karebze da wiTelpomadawasmulsa da daTrgunuls

abrunebs scenze. misi xilviT SeZrwunebuli d. TavaZis

pirveli mamakaci iZulebulia aRasrulos damamcirebeli

rituali, bodiSi moixados sakuTari mizandasaxuli

cxovrebis wesisTvis da gaxdes Tvinieri, umizno, rac

inteleqtualisaTvis TviTmkvlelobis tolfasia.

amrigad, XXI saukunis pirveli aTwleulis dedaqalaqis

Teatrebis scenebze warmodgenili ramdenime speqtaklis

monaxazic naTels hfens im faqts, rom Teatrebi eswrafvian

uswrafesad gamoexmauron qveyanaSi ganviTarebul

movlenebs, asaxon umwvavesi problemebi da sazogadoebis

ganwyoba, romelic mravalmxrivi reformebis miuxedavad,

realuri da efeqturi gardaqmnebis molodinSia.

Tamar quTaTelaZe

97

kinomcodneoba

98

99

daviT gujabiZe

„3d stereo“ teqnologiebi, realoba da

perspeqtivebi

1947 wels eizenSteini Tavis statiaSi „stereokinos

Sesaxeb“ werda: „eWvi imis mimarT, rom xvalindeli dRe

stereokinos ekuTvnis, iseTive gulubryvilobaa, rogorc

eWvi - gaTendeba Tu ara xvalindeli dRe saerTod ...“1

eizenSteini Tavis mosazrebas Semdegi mosazrebebiT

amtkicebda: „stereokino iZleva samganzomilebian sivrcis

srul iluzias gamosaxulebaSi. amasTan es iluzia imdenad

srulad damajerebelia, rom araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs,

iseve, rogorc ar iwvevs eWvs Cveulebriv kinematografSi

moZraobis realuroba. sivrcis iluzia erT SemTxvevaSi

da moZraobis iluzia meore SemTxvevaSi - savsebiT

bunebrivia maTTvisac ki, vinc SesaniSnavad icis, rom mis

Tvalwin erT SemTxvevaSi moZraobis daSlili calkeuli

uZrav fazebis mimdevrobaa, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi -

erTidaigive sagnis Cveulebrivi organzomilebiani ori

gamosaxulebis eSmakurad organizebuli kombinacia, oRond

- gadaRebuli sinqronulad da odnav wanacvlebuli

xedvis kuTxiT... da arcerT sxva xelovnebaSi - misi

mTeli istoriis manZilze - ar arsebobs sxva magaliTi

imisa, Tu rogori srulyofili dinamikiT, da amave dros,

realuri moZraobis procesSi - gardaiqmneba moculoba

sivrced, sivrce - moculobad, da orive erwymis erTmaneTs

erTdroulobaSi TanaarsebobiT“.2

is, rasac eizenSteini „eSmakurad organizebul

kombinacias“ uwodebda, realurad ori fotokameriT

(kino, video) sinqronulad gadaRebuli gamosaxulebebis

erTobliobaa, romelic erTdroulad unda iqnas aRqmuli

1 http://kinoru.ucoz.ru/publ/s_m_ehjzenshtejn_1947g_o_stereokino/3-1-0-5042 http://kinoru.ucoz.ru/publ/s_m_ehjzenshtejn_1947g_o_stereokino/3-1-0-504

100

TvalebiT. adamianis mier garemos binokularuli

aRqmis unaris gamo, TiToeuli Tvalisagan miRebuli

vizualuri informacia tvinSi moculobiT komponents

iZens da sivrceSi ganfenilad aRiqmeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi

organzomilebian sibrtyeze samganzomilebiani sivrcis

iluziis Seqmnis tradiciuli meTodebi - xazovani da

tonaluri perspeqtivis meTodebi, optikuri da dinamiuri

perspeqtiva absoluturad icvlian xasiaTs da gadaRebisas

specialur gaTvlebs unda daemorCilon.

stereokinematografis, iseve rogorc stereofotog-

rafiis principi martivia: mayureblis TiToeulma Tvalma

unda aRiqvas gamosaxuleba, romelsac igi dainaxavda,

gadamRebi aparatis adgilas rom mdgariyo. marjvena

da marcxena Tvalis mier danaxuli kompoziciebi

erTmaneTisagan mcired gansxvavdeba, magram swored es

gansxvaveba, da adamianis tvinis mier orive TvaliT

mowodebuli informaciis Sejereba qmnis moculobis

da suraTis siRrmis efeqts. stereofotografia jer

kidev dagerotipis periodSi gaCnda da fotografiis

mTeli istoriis manZilze ama Tu im teqnikuri dizainiT

farTod gavrcelebuli sistema iyo. mraval ojaxSi

dRemde inaxeba bebiebisa da babuebis naqoni stereoskopebi

- specialuri saTvale da stereowyvilad gadaRebuli

suraTebis nakrebi, romlebzec sxvadasxva peizaJebi, Tu

Janruli scenebia aRbeWdili.

rac Seexeba fotokamerebs, isinic mravali modifikaciiT

iwarmoeboda. gavrcelebuli iyo e. w. stereomisadgmelebi

obieqtivze, romelic trdiciul fotokadrs or kadrad

- stereowyvilad yofda. aseTi aparatebiT umeteswilad

ferad slaidebs iRebdnen da stereoslaidoskopebiT

uyurebdnen.

kinematografis istorias Tu gadavxedavT, aRmovaCenT,

rom stereokinos pirveli patentebi jer kidev 1893

wels yofila gacemuli (gamomgoneblebi JorJ demeni

daviT gujabiZe

101

da uiliam friz-grini), anu kinematografis oficialuri

dabadebamde 2 wliT adre.

kinos ganviTarebasTan erTad, stereokinos

mimarT interesic izrdeboda, Tumca es mcdelobebi

eqsperimentaluri Sesrulebis dones ar gascilebia.

stereokino danadgarebi an metad rTuli teqnikuri

mowyobilobebi iyo, romelic TiToeuli mayureblis

savarZlis win idgmeboda (amerikuli sistema Teleview),

anda saWiro xdeboda specialuri rastruli ekrani

(mag. moskovis kinoTeatrSi „moskva“ 1941 wels

damontaJebuli semion ivanovis gamogoneba). orive es

sistema usaTvalo mayurebelze iyo gaTvlili, magram

mouxerxebeli da Zviri gamodga da gaimarjva SedarebiT

iafma saTvalianma sistemebma, romlebSic mayurebeli

sxvadasxva feris filtrebiani, an polarizebuli

saTvaleebiT uyurebda ekrans, romelzec sinqronulad

midioda ori gamosaxuleba.

asea Tu ise, ukve 1930-ian wlebSi gadaRebuli iqna

srulmetraJiani stereoskopuli mxatvruli filmebi.

yvelaze Zveli stereofilmi, romlis Sesaxebac cnobebi

moipoveba - „niagaras CanCqeri“ aSS-Si gadauRiaT 1914

wels.

1952 wlamde 48 sxvadasxva Janris moculobiTi

filmia dafiqsirebuli stereofilmebis siaSi.1 ra

ucnauradac ar unda mogveCvenos, saerTaSoriso

kinomonacemTa bazis mixedviT, erT-erTi yvelaze adreuli

sabWoTa mxatvruli feradi stereofilmi saqarTveloSi

Seqmnila.2 diax, 1946 wels Tbilisis kinostudiaSi orad-

ori mxatvruli filmia gadaRebuli - mixel Wiaurelis

„fici“ da aleqsandre andrievskis „robinzon kruzo“ -

qronometraJiT 85 wuTi. rolebSi - pavel kadoCnikovi

(robinzon kruzo), iuri lubimovi (paraskeva), da vinme

1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_3D_films_pre-20052 http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038888/

„3d stereo“ teqnologiebi, realoba da perspeqtivebi

102

e. sanikiZe, romelsac robinzon kruzos dedis roli

Seusrulebia. robinzonis mamis rolSi saqarTvelos

ssr damsaxurebuli artisti a. smiranini gadauRiaT,

prodiuserebidan erT-erTi qarTvelia (filmis

direqtorebi) sergei tomski da viqtor cirgilaZe, xmis

operatorebidanac erT-erTi - d. lomiZea, grimiori -

z. vaxtangiSvili. danarCenebi - araqarTuli gvarebia;

mwarmoebeli studiebi - „stereokino“ da Tbilisis

kinostudia. amave saitze miTiTebulia, rom filmi rusul

da qarTulenovan variantebad yofila gadaRebuli, iseve

rogorc, magaliTad, „qeTo da kote“; agreTve aRniSnulia,

rom filmi ferad firze (sovkolor) yofila gadaRebuli,

Tumca, internetSi ganTavsebuli versia Sav-TeTria da

imdb-ze ganTavsebuli es bolo ori cnoba realobas

albaT ar Seesabameba. filmi gadaRebulia semion ivanovis

dapatentebuli sistemiT „Стерео 35-19“, risTvisac

specialuri perforaciis 35 mm-iani kinofiris Seqmna

gaxda saWiro.

stereokinos mxatvruli SesaZleblobebiT mravali

cnobili adamiani iyo dainteresebuli (mag. daviT

kakabaZe), da ufro metia kinos istoriisaTvis ucnobi

gamomgoneblebi, romelTa naSromebic ver Caewera

drois moTxovnebSi da usaxelod Caikargnen sapatento

biuroebis arqivebSi. kidev ufro metia isini, vinc

sapatento biuromdec ver miaRwia, magram TiToeuli

aseTi mcire nabiji TiTo patara agurs sdebs xolme

saerTo progresSi.

stereokinos teqnikur progresSi qarTvelebsac

migviZRvis Turme garkveuli wvlili: 1939 wels qarTuli

kinoqronika socializmis aRmSeneblobis siuJetebs

Soris aseT informaciasac inaxavs: diqtoris mxne xma

optimisturad gvamcnobs, rom qarTvelma inJinerma vinme

xatiaSvilma Seqmna feradi stereoskopuli kinoaparatis

modeli da mis dasamzadeblad mTavrobam gadawyvetileba

daviT gujabiZe

103

miiRo. kadrSi es inJineri xatiaSvili erTob ucnaurad

gadakeTebul didi zomis pavilionis kameris irgvliv

fusfusebs da gadaRebis dasawyebad emzadeba. marTalia,

xatiSvilis mier Seqmnili stereokinematografiuli

sistemis Sesaxeb dRes aravis araferi axsovs, magram,

es siuJeti arsebobs da am sistemis Seqmnis mcdeloba

dafiqsirebulia istoriaSi. Cven vcadeT mogveZiebina

informacia rogorc saqarTvelos, ise ssrk (amJamad

ruseTis) sapatento biuroebSi xatiaSvilis eqsperimentis

Sesaxeb, magram jer-jerobiT Cveni mcdeloba uSedegoa da

mkiTxvels vTxovT gamogvexmauros, Tuki raime informacia

gaaCnia am Temis irgvliv.

bolo oci wlis ganmavlobaSi kinematografSi

SemoqmedebiTi procesi teqnologiebis progresTan isea

dakavSirebuli, rogorc arasdros. advili SesamCnevia

paralelebi kinoxelovnebis ganviTarebis dRevandel

mdgomareobasa da magaliTad, ferad kinofirze gadasvlis

etapTan, roca dagrovili teqnikuri progresi nel-nela

axal SemoqmedebiT saSualebad gadaiqceoda. erTi mxriv,

sxvagvarad arc SeiZleba iyos, radgan kinematografi

teqnologiuri xelovnebaa, magram Tuki adre TiToeuli

kadris suraTis SeTxzva uSualod gadasaReb moedanze

xdeboda, dRes - samuSao drois gansakuTrebuli

gaZvirebis gamo, mza Sablonebis teqnikur kompilaciasTan

ufro xSirad gvaqvs saqme. amgvari filmebis damdgmeli

operatoris xelovnebis funqcia gamosaxulebis Seqmnis

industriamde mivida, amitomac, ekranze gamosuli nebismieri

filmi teqnologiurad gamarTulia, originaluri

mxatvruli saxis Seqmna ki - iSviaTobad iqca.

yvela kinoteqnologias, rogorc wesi, erTgvari

„sainkubacio“ periodi aqvs, roca igi jer atraqcionis

saxiT gadis aprobirebas, Semdeg ki ukve mxatvruli saxis

Seqmnis saSualebad gardaiqmneba. axlac asea - sanam

xelovnebad sabolood Camoyalibdeba, „3d“ stereokinoc jerjerobiT atraqcionia, Tumca qarTvelma mayurebelma


104

ukve naxa sul mcire 2 filmi, romelTa magaliTzec

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom „3d“-m e. w. „atraqcionuli

sainkubacio periodi“ ukve gaiara da Tavis sakuTar gzas

xelovnebaSi eZiebs. vim vendersis „pina“ da skorsezes

„hugo“ imiT gansxvavdeba aqamde Cvens mier nanaxi sxva

analogiuri filmebisagan (magaliTad, „avatari“), rom

avtorebi teqnologiis demonstrirebis funqciiT ar

kmayofildebian. am filmebSi „3d“ teqnikuri atraqcioni ki raa, aramed mxatvruli saxis Seqmnis saSualeba.

stereokinos ganviTarebaSi ramdenime „talRas“ aqvs

adgili. 1940-ian wlebSi miRweuli progresi meore

msoflio omma daamuxruWa. meore msoflio omis Semdeg

sabWoTa kavSirSi da aSS-Si mravali teqnologiuri

eqsperimenti Sedga stereokinos teqnikuri srulyofis

mimarTulebiT, zogi maTgani - erTob warmatebulic.

zemoxsenebulma „robinzon kruzom“ didi STabeWdileba

moaxdina aramarto rigiT kinomayurebelze, aramed „TviT“

stalinzec (romelic, rogorc cnobilia, kinematografs

kargad icnobda da afasebda), ris gamoc filmis reJisori da

teqnikuri Semsruleblebi stalinuri premiis laureatebi

gaxdnen, xolo kvleviTi saqmianobisaTvis stereokinos

mimarTulebiT seriozuli Tanxebi gamoiyo.1

sabWoTa kavSiris did qalaqebSi gaixsna

stereokinoTeatrebi, maT Soris TbilisSic - saxalxo

meurneobis miRwevaTa gamofenis pavilionSi, Semdeg ki

- kinoTeatri „nakaduli“ - amJamindel uznaZis quCaze,

#2-Si.

1952-55 wlebs amerikuli stereokinos „oqros epoqad“

moixsenieben. am dros msoflioSi 50-ze meti stereofilmi

iqna gadaRebuli. ganviTarda polarizaciuli filtrebiT

gadaRebuli feradi stereokinos teqnologiebi. amdenad,

teqnikur SejibrSi, ferad firTan SedarebiT, stereokinom

ufro mimzidveli gamosaxuleba SesTavaza mayurebels.

1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJruLJuGmAA&feature=related

daviT gujabiZe

105

TiTqos sabolood iwyeboda gamarjvebuli axali

teqnologiis epoqa, TviT alfred hiCkokma gadaiRo

feradi stereofilmi „daurekeT mkvlels nomerze „m“

(Dial M for Murder, 1954), Tumca swored igi aRmoCnda

erTaderTi marTlac gamorCeuli reJisori, romelmac

am teqnologias mimarTa. 70 mm-ian firze gadaRebuli

farToekraniani da farToformatiani kinogamosaxulebis

teqnologiebis konkurencias 50-iani wlebis stereokinom

ver gauZlo da ganviTarebis da 1960-iani wlebis

dasawyisSi moculobiTi kino mayureblis gareSe darCa.

stereokinos mimarT mayureblis interesis Semcirebas

zogjer im uxerxulobas abraleben, rasac filmis yurebisas

saTvalis moxmarebis aucilebloba qmnis, am mosazrebas

aqvs realuri safuZveli, radgan rogorc feradi, ise

polarizaciuli filtrebiani saTvaleebi mxedvelobis

defeqtis mqone mayurebels mZlavr diskomforts uqmnis,

saubroben epilefsiisadmi midrekili mayureblisaTvis

Setevis amaRlebuli riskis Sesaxebac, magram, realurad,

saTvaleebisadmi protesti albaT ufro iman gamoiwvia,

rom mayureblebi kinoatraqcionis nacvlad xelovnebas

moiTxovdnen.

1960-ian wlebSi stereokinos ganviTareba ZiriTadad

ukve arsebuli teqnologiebis daxvewisken iyo mimarTuli,

magram axal atraqcionebis mimarT masobrivi mayureblis

interesi mainc ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi didi progresisaTvis.

mxolod 1980-ian wlebSi kanadaSi Seqmnilma sistemam

„IMAX“ danerga seriozuli safuZvlebi axali

„naxtomisaTvis“. im dros okeanis gamoRma, sabWoTa kavSirSi

sakmaod did raodenobiT iwarmoeboda stereofilmebi,

romlebic gaqiravebaSi monovariantebadac gamodioda

da mayureblis did raodenobasac izidavda. es filmebi

qarTveli mayureblisTvisac nacnobia, stereokinos

ucxouri nimuSebisagan gansxvavebiT. ufrosi Taobis

kinomayurebels dResac axsovs popularuli deteqtivi


106

„idumali beri“ (reJ. a. kolcati) („Таинственный монах“ 1968), sabavSvo filmi-zRapari „oqros parmaRze

isxdnen“ („На золотом крыльце сидели“ 1986), (reJ. b. ricariovi) da sxv. sabWoTa warmoebis stereoskopuli

kinokamera КСШРТ “Стерео-70” da misi sabaziso

saproeqcio sistema imdenad maRalxarisxovani gamodga,

rom 1991 wels moskovis kinoteqnikis samecniero-

kvleviTi institutis sistemam „Стерео-70“ „oskari“

moipova teqnikuri inovaciisaTvis.

cnobilia, rom gamocdilebis gasaziareblad „IMAX“-

is TanamSromlebi moskovis kinoteqnikis institutSi

Cavidnen da sabWoTa sistemiT sacdeli rgolic gadaiRes.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom „IMAX“ -ma Tavi mouyara yvela met-

naklebad warmatebul stereo da vizualuri efeqtebis

nimuSebs da maTi gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sakuTari

teqnologia Seqmna. dReisaTvis es aris kompleqsuri

sistema, romelic iZleva „3d“ stereo gadaRebis,

damuSavebis da proeqciis saSualebas, da amasTanave, yvela

aspeqtis - dadebiTi, uaryofiTi da nulovani paralaqsis

gaTvlis saSualebas, rac uzrunvelyofs moculobiTi

gamosaxulebis ganTavsebas „ekranis win“, „ekranis miRma“

da „ekranze“.

swored paralaqsis xasiaTi gansazRvravs „3d“ gamosaxulebis moculobis xarisxs. xedvis kuTxis

wanacvleba, romelic stereowyvilis mier Seqmnil

siRrmis efeqts iZleva, erTob faqizi gasaTvlelia, raTa

gadaRebulma gamosaxulebam proeqciisas mayurebeli

ar „daaelmos“. magaliTad, arsebobs erT-erTi yvelaze

gavrcelebuli teqnikuri wuni, romelic kameris win

ganTavsebul sakadro CarCoTi „gaWril“ sagans proeqciisas

ekranis „miRma“ sivrceSi „gadaisvris“. sxva uamravi

aseTi teqnologiuri uxerxuloba arsebobs, ris gamoc

cnobili reJisorebi Tavs aridebdnen „3d stereos“. Tanamedrove cifruli teqnologiebma mniSvnelovani

daviT gujabiZe

107

siaxle Semoitanes „3d stereokinos“ warmoebaSi. cifruli

proeqtorebi, gamosaxulebis konvertorebi da gadaRebis

teqnologiebi lamis yoveldRiurad umjobesdeba,

martivdeba, da iafdeba. Tumca ZiriTad problemad

stereowyvilis sabaziso gaTvlebis formulebis SemuSaveba

rCeba. mayurebelTa da kinomoyvarulTa interesic,

moculobiTi kinogamosaxulebis mimarT ganuwyvetlad

izrdeba. miuxedavad teqnologiuri sirTuleebisa, mTel

msoflioSi stereofilmebis warmoeba yovelwliurad

izrdeba, geometriuli progresiiT matulobs „3d stereo“ mauwyeblobis telearxebis raodenoba; videomrewveloba ki,

moyvarulTaTvis ukve amzadebs specialur videokamerebs,

romlebic martivad gadasaRebi amocanebisaTvis savsebiT

misaReb xarisxs uzrunvelyofen. erTgvari istoriuli

analogiisaTvis SegviZlia gavixsenoT jorj istmenis

mier gamoSvebuli martivi fotokamera, romelic

fotomoyvaruls avalebda mxolod TiTi daeWira kameris

saketisaTvis, danarCens ki (kameridan firis amoReba, firis

gamJRavneba, suraTebis dabeWdva da kameris axali firiT

damuxtva) - firma „kodaki“ uzrunvelyofda Tavisi

servisis qseliT. „kodakis“ samoyvarulo fotokamerebi

maRali xarisxis mxatvruli fotos gadaRebaze ar

iyo gaTvlili, samagierod - am aparatebma fotografia

masobriv gatacebad aqcia da mravali SemdgomSi cnobili

fotografis pirvel kamerad mogvevlina.

rac Seexeba qarTul „3d“ filmwarmoebas, jerjerobiT

adgilobriv enTuziastebs inJineri xatiaSvilisgan

gansxvavebiT, Zalze uWirT finansuri mxardaWeris

mopoveba; arada, Cvenc gvyavs aseTebi, sakmaod seriozuli

SedegebiT. sul cota xnis win, gamomgonebelma zaza

lomiZem daapatenta stereogamosaxulebis bazebis

gaTvlis da Seqmnis originaluri sistema, romlis

Rirsebebi mayureblebma ukve Seafasa sagazafxulo

gamofenaze „eqspo-jorjia 2012“.


108

stereokino dReisaTvis ganviTarebis iseT etapzea, rom

nebismierma SeiZleba mosinjos Tavisi SesaZleblobebi

vizualuri xelovnebis am inovaciur sferoSi. aparaturac

gacilebiT xelmisawvdomia da eqsperimentebis Catarebac

ar moiTxovs did danaxarjebs. seriozulad safiqrebelia

am mimarTulebiT kadrebis aRzrdis sakiTxic. stereokino

- es ukve aRaraa xvalindeli dRe, es - dRevandeli

dRea, romelic qarTulma kinowarmoebam unda miiRos,

Tuki mas realuri progresi surs. amasTan dakavSirebiT,

aucileblobad gveCveneba, rom Teatrisa da kinos

universitetTan Seiqmnas inovaciuri videoteqnologiebis

samecniero-kvleviTi laboratoria, SeZenili iqnas

saTanado aparatura da saswavlo programebSi Setanili

iqnas moculobiTi gamosaxulebis agebis principebi.

daviT gujabiZe

109

vaJa zubaSvili

reklama saqarTvelos televiziaSi:

wanamZRvrebi da satelevizio reklama

XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi

frangi filosofosi da kulturologi Jan bodriari

reklamis evoluciis ganxilvisas aRniSnavs, rom `pirvel

etapze reklama mxolod informacias avrcelebda, Semdeg

gadavida darwmunebaze, Semdeg - SeumCnevel STagonebaze~.1

axlandeli mizani ki moTxovnilebebis marTvaa, aniWebs

ra produqts azrs, faseulobas da ayalibebs moxmarebis

ideologias. reklama yovelTvis ireklavda da ireklavs

im sazogadoebriv ekonomikur formacias, romelSiac is

yalibdeba da viTardeba. qarTuli satelevizio reklamis

wanamZRvrebis ganxilva, bunebrivia, sabWoTa realobis

fonze mogviwevs.

sabWoTa kavSirSi kargad esmodaT reklamis mniSvneloba

da Tvlidnen, rom reklama iaraRia da mas SeuZlia rogorc

sargeblobis, ise zianis motanac, mTavaria, ra mizans

emsaxureba. Sesabamisad, reklamas ganixilavdnen, erTi

mxriv, rogorc politikuri da ekonomikuri brZolis

iaraRs klasobrivi uTanasworobis samyaroSi; meore

mxriv, reklamas aniWebdnen axal, „socialistur funqcias“,

partiisa da xelisuflebis politikis cxovrebaSi

gatarebisaTvis. ideurad reklamis roli da funqcia

sworad iyo aRqmuli da Sefasebuli. iTvleboda, rom

socialisturi reklama, saxelmwifos xelSi arsebuli

warmoebis nawarmis propagandirebiT, saxelmwifos

xazis gamtarebelia da xels uwyobs saerTo saxalxo

keTildReobas, amitom, reklama sabWoTa sazogadoebaSi

ver iqneba da ver iqceva motyuebis saSualebad. erT-

1 Жан Бодрийяр, «Система вещей» (fb2) гл.III Реклама. рекламный императив и индикатив http://lib.rus.ec/b/138233/read

110

erTi mTavari, rasac reklamisgan moiTxoven, simarTlea.

rac mTavaria, socialisturi sazogadoeba

Tavisufali unda yofiliyo moxmarebis burJuaziuli

stereotipebisagan da kerZo mesakuTruli fsiqologiisgan.

siuxves da materialur keTildReobas sabWoTa adamiani

nivTebis monad ar unda eqcia. kargad esmodaT ra

reklamis aRmzrdelobiTi roli, mas ar unda moexdina

gavlena sabWoTa adamianis zneobaze. vladimer leninma

mkveTrad gamoyo reklamisa da propagandis politikuri

mniSvneloba komunisturi aRmSeneblobis, rogorc

axali ekonomikuri urTierTobebis, axali sazogadoebis

Semoqmedis, sazogadoebrivi Sromis axleburad gagebis

saqmeSi da statiaSi `didi wamowyeba~ mouwoda presas

kapitalisturi reklamis gamocdilebis socialistur

niadagze gamoyenebisaken: `SexedeT burJuazias, ra

brwyinvaled SeuZlia imis reklamireba, rac mas sWirdeba...~1

sareklamo saqmianobis sruliad akrZalva praqtikulad

SeuZlebelia, sazogadoebaSi, nebismier socialur-

ekonomikur pirobebSi arsebobs moTxovna reklamaze.

sabWoTa saxelmwifom lamis revoluciis gamarjvebisTanave

gamoaqveyna dekreti sareklamo saqmianobis regulirebis

(SezRudvis) Sesaxeb (8[21].11.1917); reklamis gamoqveynebis

ufleba mxolod mTavrobasa da adgilobriv sabWoebs

miecaT. saxalxo komisariatma dekretiT uzrunvelyo

safosto-satelegrafo centrebSi sareklamo

gancxadebebis organizebuli miReba beWdviT gamocemebSi

gansaTavseblad. reklamam dakarga konkretuli brendis

da bazarze saqonlis win wawevis funqcia da mxolod

saqonelze informirebis saSualebad darCa. komerciuli

reklama saxelmwifos mkacri kontrolis qveS moeqca.

sabWoTa reklamis Seswavlisas avtorTa umravlesoba

met yuradRebas revoluciamdel ruseTis reklamaze

1 В.И. Ленин «Великий почин», полн.собр. сoч. т.39.с.25. http://leninism.su/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=640:veliki-pochin&catid=78:tom-39&Itemid=53

vaJa zubaSvili

111

amaxvilebs; zogierTi avtoris azriT, sabWoTa kavSirSi

reklama saerTod ar arsebobda (i. roJkovi), umravlesoba

ki aRiarebs, rom arsebobda da mas, ZiriTadad, kritikulad

afasebs (o. feofanovi, v.estafievi, e.romati).

ra Tqma unda, reklama gamoxatavs bazars da Tavisi

arsiT bazris anarekls warmoadgens, sabWoTa kavSirSi

ki bazari ar iyo, warmoeba saxelmwifo regulirebas

eqvemdebareboda. reklamis erT-erTi mTavari funqcia ki

bazris stimulirebis funqciaa, rasac adgili ver eqneboda

gegmiur warmoebaSi. rogorc reklamis mkvlevarTa erTi

nawili aRniSnavs (a. feofanovi, v. estafievi), àxalma

ekonomikurma politikam~ (НЭП) didi biZgi misca

sabWoTa savaWro reklamis gamococxlebas, magram es

periodi didxans ar gagrZelebula. 30-ian wlebSi reklama

kvlav SeizRuda. industrializaciis programam, romelic

ZiriTadad mZime mrewvelobis ganviTarebas gulisxmobda,

Seamcira msubuqi da kvebis mrewvelobis wili. isedac

mwir bazarze pirveladi moxmarebis saqonlis deficitic

ki Seiqmna. aseT pirobebSi, bunebrivia, reklamas veranairi

funqcia ver eqneboda.

samamulo (meore msoflio) omis Semdgom periodSic

reklamis mimarT midgoma ucvleli rCeboda -

`kapitalisturi sazogadoebis tipuri atributi~; amis

miuxedavad, aRiarebuli iyo misi aucilebloba rogorc

saSinao, ise sagareo vaWrobaSi. profesori i. roJkovi,

zogadad, sabWoTa reklamas miTad miiCnevs, aseve, miTad

miiCnevs sagareo vaWrobis reklamasac, saerTod aqarwylebs

mas da propagandas uwodebs.1 magram sabWoTa reklama

arsebobda, mravalferovani saSualebebiTac vrceldeboda,

Tumca, saganmanaTleblo, sainformacio da formalur

fasadur funqcias ufro asrulebda, vidre marketinguls.

1 А.П. Грицук. История отечественной рекламы. Советский период. Учебное пособие для очно-заочного и заочного обучения. - М.: МГУ пе-чати, 2004. ст. 7 http://www.vipstudent.ru/index.php?q=lib&r=17&id=1194518630&p=0

reklama saqarTvelos televiziaSi: wanamZRvrebi

da satelevizio reklama XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi

112

am periodis sabWoTa reklama ZiriTadad plakatis saxiT

iyo warmodgenili da xSirad maRalmxatvruli da

kreatiulic iyo.

sabWoTa reklamis Taviseburebas warmoadgenda misi

ideologizacia da propagandis nawilad gadaqceva.

saWiro iyo eCvenebinaT, rom ̀ rkinis fardis~ miRma qveyana

viTardeba da gansxvavebuli ideologiis miuxedavad, Tavisi

cxovrebis wesiT dasavlur samyaros ar Camouvardeba.

reklama ar iyo da ver iqneboda konkurenciis instrumenti,

radganac xSir SemTxvevaSi reklamas ukeTebda imas,

rac deficituri iyo da risi SeZenac Tavisuflad ar

SeiZleboda; magaliTad, turistuli saagento ̀ sputnikis~

sagzurebs dasasvenebel saxlebsa da sanatoriumebSi.

es wminda wylis propagandas warmoadgenda, radganac

dasasvenebeli da samogzauro sagzurebi deficituri iyo

sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis mTel periodSi.

50-ian wlebSi mosaxleobis ZiriTad nawils ar

SeeZlo SeeZina arsebuli saqoneli misi siZviris gamo.

amitom obieqturi moTxovna reklamaze arc arsebobda.

praqtikulad ar iyo reklama sabWoTa masobrivi

informaciis saSualebebSic. miuxedavad amisa, 1957 wels

praRaSi socialisturi qveynebis reklamis muSakTa

saerTaSoriso konferencia gaimarTa, sadac dasaxes savaWro

reklamis ZiriTadi amocanebi: socialisturi savaWro

reklama mowodebulia – aRzardos adamianTa gemovneba,

ganuviTaros maT moTxovnilebebi da Camouyalibos

moTxovna saqonelze, rac miscems stimuls da ganaviTarebs

axali da ukeTesi saqonlis warmoebas. aqve daaskvnes,

rom yvelaze masobrivi da savaWro sawarmoebisaTvis

xelmisawvdomi aris reklama maRaziis fanjrebsa da Sida

sivrcis vitrinebSi. Sesabamisad, sareklamo saqmianobis

aqcenti maRaziebis interieris da eqsterieris dizainze

iyo gadatanili.

60-70-ian wlebamde sabWoTa reklama ZiriTadad

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113

plakatis saxiT iyo warmodgenili. mkvlevarTa

umetesoba sabWoTa reklamasTan SedarebiT upiratesobas

revoluciamdel rusul sareklamo plakats aniWebs; es

asec SeiZleba iyos, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT politikur,

socialur da kulturul garemoebebs. dabali xarisxis

qaRaldisa da poligrafiis, moSlili ekonomikis pirobebSi,

revoluciamdeli reklamis Camtkbari da daxvewili

stili revoluciurma aRmafrenam da agitaciam Secvala.

am periodis reklamis aRmavloba vladimer maiakovskis

ukavSirdeba, romelmac Tavis TanamoazreebTan erTad

brZola gamoucxada kancelariul, mosawyen saoqmo stils.

am gundma Tavis Tavs `reklam-konstruqtorebi~ Searqva.

konstruqtivizmi, 20-iani wlebis sabWoTa xelovnebis

ZiriTadi mimarTuleba, kargad moergo beWdur grafikasa

da plakats, Tavisi ekonomikuri formiT, racionaluri

da sada gamomsaxvelobiT. am periodis sareklamo

plakatisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia agresiuli da ̀ mimwoli~

personaJebis frontaluri an profiluri gamosaxuleba,

feris SezRuduli palitra (ZiriTadad Savi da wiTeli

ferebis Sexameba), msxvili Srifti da didi Zaxilis

niSnebi.

plakatis gmirebi mimzidvelad, xSirad msubuqi

iumoriT iyvnen gamosaxuli, maTi atributebi sabWoTa

sazogadoebis socialur kuTvnilebas gamoxatavda:

«Галоши Резинотреста», mxiaruli, SeiZleba iTqvas,

aJitirebuli glexi qali, romelsac marcxena xeli

mkerdze aqvs midebuli, marjvenaTi ki `kaloSi~

(ase moixseniebdnen rezinis fexsacmels, romelsac

iyenebdnen ZiriTadi fexsacmlis dasacavad talaxisa da

sisvelisgan) gaSlil mklavSi upyria da SvebiT (rom is

masTan aris) da netarebiT Sehyurebs; plakati Zalian

dinamikuria gadamdebi eqspresiiT; an, donis Tambaqos

saxelmwifo fabrikis papirosis reklama «Наша Марка»; plakatze gamosaxulia im periodis sociumis jgufuri



114

portreti. giganturi kolofis gavliT mwkrivSi midian:

wiTelarmieli, muSa, mosamsaxure kaci da qali, romelic

meryeobs, SeiZinos Tu ara papirosi. kaci TiTqos

gaocebulia misi meryeobiT, ukan momavali glexi ki

kolofs uwvdis da gasinjvas sTavazobs. glexs ejaxeba

`nepmeni~ qali, romelsac eCqareba am papirosis SeZena,

qals ki malviT mihyveba `nepmeni~ kaci. mTeli reklama

ideologiuri konkurenciiT aris gamsWvaluli da

upiratesobas muSaTa da glexTa saxelmwifos sawarmos

produqts aniWebs, romelsac TviT konkurentebic ki

moixmaren.

kidev erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSani: am periodis reklama

xSirad Sua saukuneebis moZaxuris instituts gvaxsenebs;

teqstebi Tu personaJebi kiviliT gvamcnoben sareklamo

Setyobinebas. magaliTad, leningradis saxelmwifo

gamomcemloba ЛЕНГИЗ-is reklama: grafikaSi Casmulia

qalis foto profilSi (maiakovskis megobari lilia

briki), romelsac xmis gasaZliereblad pirTan xelis

mtevani aqvs mitanili da kivis - `wignebi codnis yvela

dargSi“! grafikulad warwera, wignebi, qalis bageebidan

maxvili kuTxiT iSleba da rupors mogvagonebs.

zogadad, am periodis reklama Zalian dinamikuri da

aqtiuria. sareklamo plakatis ZiriTadi foni cxovrebis

stilia, industriuli aRmSeneblobis, amweebis, qarxnebis,

saamqroebis da sakvamurebis siluetebi, orTqlmavlebi

da TviTmfrinavebi. saxelmwifo sawarmoebis produqcia

naturalisturi da Selamazebuli iyo, es tendencia

sabWoTa reklamam bolomde SeinarCuna.1 nepis periodis

damTavrebasTan erTad konkurenciac ispoba da reklamac

30-iani wlebidan naklebad aqtiuri da mSvidi xdeba,

Tumc, garkveuli aRfrTovanebis paTosi mainc igrZnoba.

samamulo omis Semdgomi periodi da 50-ani wlebic

gansakuTrebiT gamorCeuli ar iyo, Tu ar CavTvliT, rom

1 http://www.savok.org/reklama/

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am dros daibada pirveli sabWoTa sareklamo kinorgoli

`momRerali simindi~. rgoli simindis, rogorc Zvirfasi

sakvebi produqtis popularizacias axdens. amboben, nikita

xruSCovis piradi miTiTebiT Seiqmna (cnobilia xruSCovis

gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba simindis mimarT; misi

mmarTvelobis periodSi is ZiriTad sasoflo sameurneo

kulturad iqca da gavrcelda sruliad sabWoTa kavSiris

masStabiT, yvela minimalurad Sesafer klimatur zonaSi).

rgoli 2:03 wuTi grZeldeba da operetis JanrSia

gadawyvetili. samzareuloSi Tavdajerebuli energiuli

mzareuli Semodis da simReriT aqtiurad uwevs

propagandas jansaR sakvebs. am dros yvela kari iReba,

Semodian simindis taroebi, simindis konservis qilebi

da adgils ikaveben produqtis Taroze. gaocebuli

mzareuli mimarTavs, `moicadeT, nu iCqarebT~! da ekiTxeba:

– `saidan xarT?

taroebi:

- yubanidan!

- Cven azerbaijanSi, samxreTis Tbil qveyanaSi

vizrdebiT!

- yazaxeTis yamiridan!

mzareuli:

- gasagebia, da ra gsurT?

taroebi:

- Cven gvinda movxvdeT meniuSi!

mzareuli:

- mapatieT, magram menius ar Sevcvli!

maSin simindi Tavis mravalferovan menius

warmoadgens:

- salaTebi, fafebi, pudingebi, tortebi, sauzmec da

garniric!

mzareuli:

- ra kerZebia, pirdapir saocreba! yoveldRe

movamzadeb!

qali siamovnebiT, bednieri RimiliT miirTmevs



116

taros.

mzareuli askvnis: da me Tqven daufaravad getyviT - es

kerZebi iolad, Zalisxmevis gareSe, nebismier diasaxliss

gamouva yoveldRe~!

rgolSi didaqtikuri paTosic SeigrZnoba da

mTlianobaSi myar komunikaciur koncefciazea agebuli.

qvecnobier doneze apelirebs erT-erT mTavar faseulobaze

– janmrTelobaze; funqciurad – produqtis (simindis)

sargeblianobaze; socialurad – jansaRi `kulturuli~

fenis wevrobaze; sulierad – ukidegano sabWoTa kavSiris

moZme xalxebisa da teritoriebis ganviTarebaSi Cadebuli

investiciaa; mentalurad, misi momxmareblis janmrTelobis

gaZlierebaa iolad mosaxmari iafi produqtiT.

siuJetur peripetiaSi Tavdajerebuli mzareulis

gadarwmuneba siminds Zaladobrivi gziT (SeWriT)

mouxda, seriozuli damarwmunebeli argumentebiT

(mravalferovani kerZebis TvalsaCino demonstrirebiT)

SeZlo skeptikosi mzareulis gadarwmuneba. vizualuri

gadawyveta - didi, Tavdajerebuli mzareuli da animaciuri

bavSvuri simindis taroebi, im droisaTvis Zalian

popularuli musikaluri Janri - opereta, xels uwyobs

Soreuli mxareebidan mosuli bavSvuri simindebisadmi

loialuri damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas. es sruliad

Tanamedrove reklamaa Janruli gadawyvetiT, dramaturgiiT,

gamomsaxvelobiT (animaciasTan kombinacia), montaJiT1.

es periodi, aseve, ukavSirdeba msoflioSi pirveli

reaqtiuli samgzavro TviTmfrinavebiT masobrivi

aviagadazidvebis dawyebas, ramac informaciuli

mxardaWera moiTxova da ukve 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi

gaCnda cnobili sabWoTa slogani – «Летайте самолётами Аэрофлота!». am periodidan sabWoTa sareklamo cxovreba

SedarebiT cocxldeba. yalibdeba sauwyebo da saxelmwifo

1 (http://propagandahistory.ru/69/Reklamnye-roliki-v-Sovetskom-Soyuze--CHast-I

vaJa zubaSvili

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sareklamo organizaciebi rogorc centraluri, ise

respublikuri: Главкоопторгреклама, Союзторгреклама, Союзреклама, romlebSic Sedioda respublikuri da

saolqo sareklamo filmebis sawarmoo-SemoqmedebiTi

da gaqiravebis sawarmoebi (Союзрекламфильм da a.S.). 1964 wels sagareo vaWrobis saministrosTan yalibdeba

umsxvilesi saxelmwifo sareklamo gaerTianeba

Внешторгреклама, romelsac profesori roJkovi

miTs uwodebs da Tvlis, rom es mxolod propaganda

iyo.1 es organizacia aqtiurad monawileobs reklamis

saerTaSoriso konkursebsa da festivalebSi da mravali

maRali donis jildoc aqvs miRebuli (160 jildo).

am droisTvis radio da telereklama pirvel nabijebs

dgamda. sareklamo gancxadebebis ganyofilebaSi erTi

redaqtori muSaobda. saqarTvelos televiziaSic, aseve,

erTi asrulebda am samuSaos. mogvianebiT, centraluri

televiziis meore arxiT ramdenime yovelTviuri

sareklamo gadacema gadioda; maT Soris «Больше хорошых товаров», romelsac kombinati Телепрессторгреклама amzadebda. wamyvanebi warmoadgendnen nimuSebs, acnobdnen

axal saqonels, maRaziasa da momsaxurebas, Txrobas ki

fotoilustraciebiT an nimuSebis demonstrirebiT

amdidrebdnen.

70-iani wlebidan SedarebiT ukeTes mdgomareobaSi

aRmoCndnen ukrainisa da belorusiis radio da

televizia. sareklamo gadacemebs sistematuri xasiaTi

hqonda da, magaliTad, lvovis televizia Tanamedrove

teqnologiebsac iyenebda sareklamo mimarTvebSi.

televiziebis garda, reklamis warmoeba ukve mravali

kinostudiis gegmebSi iyo CarTuli. 80-ian wlebisTvis

situacia icvleba, sabazro ekonomikis Camoyalibebis

procesi acocxlebs interess reklamis mimarT, sabWoTa

bazarze ucxouri kompaniebi iwyeben Semosvlas. imave

1 Грицук А.П. «История отечественной рекламы» ст.- 7; www.vipstudent.ru



118

periodidan sabWoTa bazarze ukve Semosulia italiuri

fiati, Semodian sxva ucxouri firmebic: pepsi-kola,

malboro, mak donaldsi, soiuz apolloni (romelic

sabWoTa Tambaqos mrewvelobisa da Philip Morris-is erToblivi nawarmi iyo). am firmebis produqcia mTeli

sabWoTa kavSiris masStabiT vrceldeboda, deficituri

iyo da reklama arc sWirdeboda.

am periodSi TbilisSic arsebobda saxelmwifo

sareklamo organizaciebi: vaWrobreklama, romelic

ZiriTadad savaWro obieqtebs aformebda da cekavSiris

koopreklama, romelic restornebs da cekavSiris sxva

obieqtebs aformebda. es iyo ZiriTadad interierebis da

eqsterierebis gaformeba da neonis reklamebi (magaliTad,

`dalieT qarTuli Rvino!~ – vagzlis moedanze). aseve, iyo

qarTuli Cais, Rvinis da ludis reklama gmirTa moedanze,

e. w. TerTmetsarTuliansa mis gagrZelebaze arsebuli

saxlis saxuravze. dRemdea SemorCenili qarTuli Cais

reklama gmirTa moednis kompleqsSi, yofili soflis

meurneobis saministros (saqabreSumis) Senobis Tavze.

`sabWoeTSi yvelaferi moqceuli iyo umkacresi

partiuli cenzuris qveS da saxelmwifos mier mkacrad

kontroldeboda... 1921 wlidan - saqarTveloSi

komunistebis SemoWridan, vidre 1991 wlamde -

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlamde, saqarTveloSi reklamaze

saubars azri ara aqvs“, - aRniSnavs ilia feraZe wignSi

`reklamis istoria~.1 am mosazrebas nawilobriv SeiZleba

daveTanxmoT, radganac saqarTveloSi sareklamo kulturis

ganviTarebisTvis arsebobda wanamZRvrebi, rogorc gare

reklamis saxiT, aseve, satelevizio eTerSi.

am periodis satelevizio programebs Tu gadavxedavT,

vnaxavT, rom TiTqmis yoveldRe eTerSi gadis

`gancxadebebi~ (feradi televiziiT); rubrikis eTerSi

1 ilia feraZe, „marketinguli komunikaciebi: `reklamis istoria~, wig-

ni I, Tbilisi 2010; gv. 297

vaJa zubaSvili

119

gasvlis dro, dRe da saaTi arastabiluria da sistemur

kanonzomierebas ar eqvemdebareba, zogjer yoveldRea I

da II arxis saRamos eTerSi, an mxolod II arxis eTerSi

Cndeba. eTerSi gasvlis dro ki meryeobs 16:45-19:55 saaTs

Soris. garda amisa, programaSia gadacemebi, romlebic

SemecnebiT-informaciuli CarCoTia SemosazRvruli,

SinaarsiT ki propagandistuli da aSkara reklamaa.

àxali wignebi~ - es gadacema pirvelad 1958 wels

Cndeba saqarTvelos televiziiT1. àlo, es auqcionia?~,

`moda gvTavazobs~ da sxv. sistematuria gadacema

`dRes Tbilisis kinoTeatrebis ekranebze~, romelic

eTerSi gadis yoveldRe (iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda),

diliT 09:45-11:10 da saRamos 16:45-17:15 saaTs Soris.

gadacema `kinoafiSa~ arasistematurad, dilis (11:30)

da dRis (13:30) eTerSi; „Teatraluri afiSa“ saRamos

eTerSi (19:30-21:20 SualedSi), TveSi erTxel an orjer

arasistematurad. aseve, programaSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli

iyos sareklamo filmi (`lebarde~, 17:25-31.01).2 reklama

da, maT Soris, pirdapiri satelevizio reklama sustad,

magram mainc iyo warmodgenili teleekranze. pirdapiri

reklama saqarTvelos televiziaSi 80-iani wlebis meore

naxevridan Cndeba. saqarTvelos televiziis kinoarqivSi

axlaxan mivakvlieT da Seswavlis procesSia aT erTeulze

(15 dasaxelebis rgoli) meti masalis baraTi, romelzec

miTiTebulia, rom es aris reklama. maT Soris: ̀ bavSvTa kveba~,

`kuznecovis WurWeli~, `pianino ìveria~, `gamoTvliTi

centri~, modebis saloni ìrida~, `kosmetikuri fabrika~.

baraTebi usistemod aris gabneuli rubrikebsa da JanrebSi

da maTi moZieba mxolod TiToeuli baraTis SemowmebiT

SeiZleba. samwuxarod, SeiZleba gamovlenili iyos baraTi,

magram miTiTebul nomerze masala ar aRmoCndes. ase ar

aRmoCnda ansambl ìveriis~, pianino ìveriis~, `bavSvTa

1„laparakobs Tbilisi~, # 30 (41), 1958.2„laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi“, #4 (1535), 26.01-01.02. 1987.



120

kvebis~ da sxva reklamebi.

saqarTvelos televiziis kinoarqivSi, aseve,

aRmoCenilia èstoneTis reklamfilmis~ (1986) erTad

akinZuli 30-mde socialuri reklama sagzao moZraobis

wesebze, mravali gonebamaxviluri mignebiT siuJetur

gadawyvetasa da gamomsaxvelobiT rigSi. fsiqologiuri

zemoqmedebis gasaZliereblad xSirad mimarTaven gamosaxvis

sxvadasxva montaJur xerxs da multiplikacias; zusti

da lakonuria teqstebi, gansakuTrebiT zustia yvela

slogani.

socialuri da komerciuli reklamis elementebis

SerwymiT aris gadawyvetili saxelmwifo dazRvevis

reklama; igi agebulia e. w. paradoqsul-Sokuri meTodiT,

rodesac cxovrebiseul scenebSi Tavs iCens problema,

diskomforti, romlis mogvarebac mxolod SeTavazebuli

produqtiT, am SemTxvevaSi - momsaxurebiT, xdeba

SesaZlebeli. siuJetSi CarTulia firmis warmomadgeneli,

romelic uSualod warmoadgens produqts/momsaxurebas.

erT-erTi pirveli videoreklama saqarTvelos

televiziis arqivSi, romelic uSualod gadacemaSia

CarTuli rogorc reklama, centraluri televiziis 1987

wlis centralur saaxalwlo programaSia warmodgenili

- ualkoholo koqteili `veCerni~. Canaweri arasrulia

(84 wuTi) da orjer iWreba koqteilis reklamiT (me-

17-e da me-60-e wuTebze), Wris feradovani tixari -

`saaxalwlo reklama~, rusul enaze (НОВОГОДНЯЯ/РЕКЛАМА/НОВОГОДНЯЯ), romelic ferad zolebze

Tanmimdevrulad iSleba feradi SriftiT. Sav fonze,

kadris zeda marjvena kuTxidan, langarze dadebuli

naturmorti Semofrindeba, aTinaTebiT gasxivosnebuli,

girliandebdayrili sasmelis boTli da bokali.

naturmorti brunavs, fiqsirdeba warwera `veCerni~

axlo xedze, kvlav grZeldeba brunva da axla ukve

saxuravis SefuTvaze (Sampanuri Rvinoebis stiliT)

vaJa zubaSvili

121

maxvildeba yuradReba. saxuravi ixsneba, boTlidan

sasmelis Sxefebis nakadi amodis; suraTs kadris zeda

mxridan efareba warwera Sav fonze, feradi SriftiT -

КОКТЕИЛЬ ВЕЧЕРНИЙ БЕЗАЛКОГОЛЬНЫЙ (koqteili

„veCerni“ ualkoholo). kvlav grZeldeba procesi, axla

ukve bokalSi isxmeba SuSxuna siTxe, romelsac boTlze

datanili etiketis suraTi faravs warweriT – ̀ veCerni~;

etiketi adgils uTmobs bokals, romelic vardisferi

SuSxuna siTxiT ivseba; am fonze kvlav meordeba warwera

- КОКТЕИЛЬ ВЕЧЕРНИЙ БЕЗАЛКОГОЛЬНЫЙ; warwera Wiqis avsebamde rCeba da roca siTxe Wiqidan gadmodis,

suraTi adis kadris zeda kidisaken da ukve zeimis

wamyvani agrZelebs programas.

zemoT ganxiluli `momRerali simindisagan~

gansxvavebiT, aq Znelia raime sareklamo koncefciasa da

unikalur savaWro winadadebaze saubari. sareklamo rgoli

46 wamis ganmavlobaSi produqtis mxolod dizainsa da

dasaxelebaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas, maJorul, SeiZleba

iTqvas, SemTxveviT morgebul musikalur fonze da

mxolod am saSualebiT cdilobs mimzidveli gaxados

produqti da gaaCinos masze moTxovna. Tavisi SinaarsiT

reklama martivad aris gadawyvetili, teqstisa da

sloganis gareSe; unikaluri savaWro winadadeba mxolod

mis ualkoholobaSia (rac ruseTis momxmareblisaTvis

mimzidvels ver gaxdida mocemul produqts). ekranze

46 wamis ganmavlobaSi araferi xdeba imaze meti, rac

pirvelsave wamebSi iyo gasagebi.

rogorc ukve araerTxel aRvniSne, sabWoTa reklamis

ararsebobis da ufunqciobis erT-erTi mTavari mizezi

produqciis deficiti iyo (deficiti, mogexsenebaT,

yvelaze kargi reklamaa da misi xelovnurad Seqmna

marketinguli strategiis arsenalSic Sedis).

peterburgeli reJisori-dokumentalisti ioseb

traxtengerci, romelsac mravali sabWoTa reklama aqvs



122

gadaRebuli, afisha.ru-saTvis micemul interviuSi kiTxvaze: - „Tqven xom iseT saqonels ukeTebdiT reklamas, romlis

SeZenac xSirad SeuZlebeli iyo?~, - aRniSnavs: rom

magaliTad, fotoaparati Ломо-компакт Cawolili iyo

maRaziebSi; vidre reklama ar gavakeTeT, misiT aravin

dainteresebula, warmodgena ar hqondaT mis Rirsebebze,

reklamis Semdeg ki srulad gasaRda.1 80-ian wlebSi

saqarTveloSic gadaitvirTa maRaziebi musikaluri

instrumentebis sawarmoo gaerTianebis produqciiT

(pianinoebi – `saiubileo~, `gorda~, ìveria~), romelic

manamde deficituri iyo. am periodSi yvelaze popularuli

gaxldaT Cexuri pianino ̀ PETROF~. Tbilisis musikaluri

instrumentebis sawarmomac gamouSva pianino ìveria~

imave stilSi. gazrdili moTxovnis dasakmayofileblad

gaizarda produqciis warmoebis moculobac, ramac

imoqmeda xarisxze. produqcia ver asrulebda pirdapir

samomxmareblo daniSnulebas da, bunebrivia, „Cawva“. gaCaRda

sareklamo kampania – stadionebze, quCebSi gamoifina

orenovani (qarTuli da rusuli) sareklamo firniSebi

da plakatebi - `qarTuli pianino ìveria~. Catarda

aqcia-latarea - yovel mease myidvels SeuZlia urigod

SeiZinos avtomobili `gaz 24~. rogorc ukve aRvniSne,

sareklamo rgolic gadauRiaT, romelic, samwuxarod,

dakargulia.

1986 wels saqarTvelos televiziis eTerSi

rubrikiT – `xarisxi da prioriteti~ gavida siuJeti

musikaluri sawarmoo gaerTianebis problemebze.

siuJetSi CarTulia specialistebis komentarebi (musikis

pedagogi, instrumentis amwyobi, maRaziis warmomadgeneli-

saqonelmcodne), romlebic erTxmad aRiareben, rom

instrumenti ar varga da mozards SeiZleba musikaluri

1 Фестиваль советской рекламы Поющая кукуруза и стеклянные пуго-вицы. 30 августа 2011. Интервью-Настя Принцева http://www.afisha.ru/article/soviet-commercials/

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smena gadaugvaros. saqonelmcodne ki ambobs, rom aqciis

miuxedavad, am xnis (vada ucnobia) manZilze sul 76

pianino gaiyida.

`perestroikis~ procesSi, Tavisufali mewarmeobis

ganviTarebasTan erTad, reklama komerciuli xdeba da

saqarTvelos televiziaSic ukve uSualod programebis

SigniT inacvlebs. 1988 wels, gadacema ̀ saRamo mSvidobisa~

erTxel iWreba videoreklamiT. kooperatiuli modebis

salon ̀ iridas~ 28 wm. xangrZlivobis rgoli Cveulebrivi

informaciuli reklamaa. vizualur nawilSi yvelaze

„originaluria“ Weris sarkeSi areklili qalis fexis

terfebis msxvili xedidan panoramiT gadasvla saerTo

xedze - axalgazrda qali darbazis centrSi dgas, mkerdze,

rogorc Cans, sademonstracio nimuSebi aqvs orive xeliT

Caxutebuli da procesis dawyebas elodeba. kadrs

miRma teqsts kiTxulobs qalis xma - modebis saloni

ìrida~ gTavazobT gogonebisaTvis TeTr perangebs da Sav

qvedaboloebs, biWebisaTvis - mokle Sarvlebs. cxaddeba

misamarTi da teqsti mTavrdeba mowodebiT - „gTxovT

gvewvioT!“

am dros kadrSi grZeli panorama salonis sxva nimuSebs

aTvalierebs. Semdeg kadrSi ki qali gaSlil nimuSebs

aCvenebs saSualo xedze. daskvniT kadrSi operatori

kvlav gamoirCeva „kreativiT“ - Cqari miaxloeba ukusvlis

efeqtiT acimcimebul kadrs 90 gradusiT gadaxris. es

aris Cveulebrivi sareklamo gancxadeba moZravi xedviTi

rigiT, romelic ilustraciis daniSnulebasac ver

asrulebs, cudi gamosaxulebis, spontanurad gadaRebuli

kadris uSinaarsobisa da kameris umizno moZraobis

gamo.

reklamaSi nacionaluri motivis Setanis mcdeloba

Cans daumontaJebel uxmo masalaSi (16 mm Seqcevad S/T

kinofirze) kondicioner `БК-1500~-is reklamisaTvis.

TxrobiTi siuJeti luarsab TaTqariZis motivebzea



124

agebuli. gaReRil Coxa-axaluxiani luarsabi Tanamedrove

qalaqSi dadis, cxela. SadrevanSi wyali ar modis.

maRali saxlebiT gaognebuli luarsabi cdilobs

sarTulebs bolomde aayolos mzera da kefaze quds

imagrebs. am siarulSi gadaawydeba maRazias, romlis

vitrinazec axalgazrda qali gancxadebas amagrebs:

“iyideba kondicioneri ̀ БК-1500~ - ganvadebiT~. luarsabi

maRaziaSia da konsultanti acnobs kondicioneris

sikeTeebs. luarsabi gaocebulia da sTxovs gamouweros.

midis salarosTan da ixdis fuls.

luarsabi taxtzea wamowolili, taxtis boloSi

kondicioneri dgas gaurkvevel sadgarze, darejani

Raribul (Rvino, mwvanili, puri) sufras awyobs. luarsabi

didi yanwiT grZel sadRegrZelos warmoTqvams da svams.

rogorc Cans, darejani da luarsabi davoben da ver

iyofen kondicioners; erT- erT kadrSi luarsabi taxtze

zis da kondicioneri aqvs CabRujuli. sxva kadrSi

luarsabs bedniers sZinavs. masalaSi aris personaJebis

msxvili samontaJo xedebi, produqtis - kondicioneris

sareklamo plakati da taxtze dadebuli mxolod

kondicioneris ramdenime axlo xedi. masalidan Cans, rom

siuJeti zedmetad aris gavrcobili grZeli kadrebiT. ar

Cans produqtis moxmarebis forma. es siuJeti Znelad

miesadageba sareklamo rgolis agebis romelime wess an

meTods.

80-iani wlebis bolos Cndeba feradi sareklamo

rgolebi, sadac sareklamo teqnologiebis gaazrebis,

misTvis komunikaciuri funqciebis miniWebis mcdeloba

Cans. uxmo sareklamo rgoli - wignis maRazia ̀ megobroba~

- gadaRebulia imdroindeli sainformacio siuJetis

stilSi, reportaJulad, xeliT, raime damatebiTi gadamRebi

teqnikis gareSe. xalxiT gadavsebuli wignis maRazia,

sxvadasxva asakobrivi da socialuri jgufebi (misabaZi

magaliTi), mravalferovani literatura, cnobili da

vaJa zubaSvili

125

popularuli mxatvrebis tiloebis reproduqciebi

(asortimenti), kategoriebis mixedviT ganawileba (ioli

Zebna interesis sferos mixedviT ).

amave periodis kidev erTi sareklamo rgoli -

akumuliatorisTvis saWiro siTxe àvtoimpulsi~:

avtoprofilaqtoriumis saerTo xedi, wina planze Zveli

akumuliatorebi awyvia. Semdeg kadrSi àvtoimpulsis~

siTxis WurWeli Cans, Zravidan amoRebul akumuliatorze

Semodgmuli. xelosani xsnis avtomobilis Zravis saxuravs.

xsnis Tavsaxurebs akumuliatoris blokebs da asxams

siTxes WurWlidan ̀ avtoimpulsi~. Zravi amuSavdeba, kvlav

msxvil xedze vxedavT WurWels àvtoimpulsi~. reklama

dokumentur JanrSia gadawyvetili, Cans problema da misi

gadawyvetis saSualeba, gaswavlis, rogor unda moixmaro

produqti.

momsaxurebis sferos, samkurnalo–diagnostikuri da

plastikuri qirurgiis centris reklamebSi (3 rgoli)

gamoyenebulia warmomadgenlis da specialistis mier

momsaxurebis da diagnostikur-samkurnalo teqnologiebis

demonstrireba.

gazeT `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisis~ 1987 wlis

nomrebSi gamoqveynebuli saqarTvelosa da centraluri

televiziebis pirveli da meore arxebis programebis

SeswavliT, Sevecade damedgina pirdapiri reklamis

eTerSi gasvlis dinamika. pirdapiri reklama gadaicemoda

saqarTvelos televiziis pirveli da sakavSiro televiziis

meore arxiT (romelic 1987 wlis 4 ianvridan ukve

SeuzRudavad vrceldeboda saqarTvelos televiziis me-6

da 28-decimetruli arxebiT mxolod Tbilissa da mis

SemogarenSi). programa SevarCie principiT: 1987 wlis

pirveli oTxi Tve srulad; momdevno Tveebi - maisi -

Sua ori kvira; ivnisi-oqtomberi – pirveli da bolo

kvira. Sedegi gviCvenebs, rom reklamis gadacemis dRe

da saaTi usistemoa. saqarTvelos televiziiT reklama



126

gadaicema 17:15-19:50 sT. intervalSi, xolo centraluri

televiziis II arxiT - 15:10-20:50 sT. intervalSi.

reklamis gadacemis intensivoba praqtikulad Tanabaria

Sesadarebel periodSi: 1987 w. ianvari-aprilis CaTvliT

orive arxiT reklama gadaica 12-12-jer. momdevno TveebSi,

maisi-oqtomberi (Sedarebul periodebSi), saqarTvelos

televiziiT reklama gadaica 6-jer, sakavSiro televiziis

II - arxiT – 8-jer.

Seswavlili masalis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT,

rom sabWoTa kavSirSi SeeZloT saTanado reklamis keTeba,

Tu amas ideologia moiTxovda (magaliTad, sagareo

savaWro reklama); gegmiuri warmoebis da samomxmareblo

saqonlis deficitis pirobebSi reklamaze moTxovna ar

iyo, magram amis miuxedavad, reklama sustad, magram mainc

viTardeboda. saqarTveloSi pirdapiri satelevizio

reklama 80-ian wlebSi gaCnda, Tumc, dasawyisSi is

saerTod ar atarebda marketingul-komunikaciur niSnebs,

es elementebi mxolod 1989 wlidan iwyebs Casaxvas.

gamoyenebuli masala:

„laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi“;

№3 (14)-№52 (63) 1958 w;

№1 (64)-№3 (66) 1959 w;

№8 (1122) 1979 w;

№2 (1533)-№17(1548); №19(1550)- №20(1551); №23

(1554); №25 (1556); №27 (1558); №29 (1560); №31

(1562); №34 (1565); №36 (1567); №3 9(1570); №42

(1573) 1987 w.

statia momzadebulia ssm `sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis~

arqivis masalebze dayrdnobiT.

vaJa zubaSvili

127

xelovnebaTmcodneoba

128

129

maia goSaZe

ambivalentobis jojoxeTSi

gamoCenili norvegieli mxatvari edvard munki Zalzed

ucnauri, winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse pirovneba iyo, romlis

sulieri mdgomareobis sauke Teso amsaxvelad misive

Semoqmedeba iqca. munkis naxatebi aRsavsea tanjvis, SiSisa

da fataluri gamouvalobis gancdiT. munkis aRqmiT samyaro

sastiki qaosia, adamiani _ ngrevis impulsiT Sepyrobili,

nebismieri urTierToba urTierTdamorCilebisa da

urTierTdaTrgunvisken mswrafi.

momxibvleli mamakaci, mravali qalis trfobis sagani,

axalgazrdoba Sive aRiarebuli mxatvari _ edvard munki,

misive TqmiT, arasodes yofila bednieri. moklebuli

iyo sicocxliT tkbobisa da sixarulis gancdis unars.

SiSi, SfoTi, undobloba da gaRizianeba misi mudmivi

Tanamgzavrni iyvnen. Tu ar ginda bedisweris dakrulze

icekvo, Tavi unda moikla, _ ambobda munki. bediswerad

ki misTvis misive xasiaTi iqca. gardacvalebis Semdeg

gamoqvey nebuli mxatvris memuarebi, misi piradi mimowera

im kacis aRsareba iyo, romelmac mTeli cxovreba sulier

jojoxeTSi gaatara.

mravalricxovan avtoportrets Soris erT-erTze,

miqelanjelos msgav sad, munkma sakuTari Tavi swored

jojoxeTSi myofi warmoaCina. sxeuli cecxlSi ewvoda,

saxe ki tkivilisagan hqonda aRreuli.

sulieri simSvide arasodes Rirsebia. avad gaxdomis

paranoialuri SiSiT Sepyrobili, Rame xSirad iRviZebda

Termometrze dasaxedad. sawolze dakidebuli

Termometris maCvenebeli Tu 22 gradusze qveviT iwevda,

sas wrafod aZlierebda gaTbobas.

munki adreul asakSive aRmoCnda sikvdilisa da

avadmyofobis TviTmxil veli. xuTi wlis iyo, rodesac

dedamisi _ axalgazrda, momxibvleli qali, Wleqisgan

130

gardaicvala. ramdenime weliwadSi Wleqma misi

dac imsxverpla. munkis erT-erTi da, bavSvobidanve

melanqoliisken midrekili gogona, Wkuidan SeiSala da

suliT daavadebulTa saavadmyofoSi gardaicvala. ojaxis

ufrosi, isedac pirquSi adamiani, sabolood religiur

asketizmSi gadavarda. SvilebTan daaxloeba verasodes

SeZlo.

munkis ojaxSi martoobisa da daTrgunulobis

atmosfero sufevda, ramac bevrad gansazRvra rogorc

misi pirovnebis, aseve Semoqmedebis Tavi sebureba.

munkis naxatebSi sxvadasxva variaciiT xSirad

meordeba momakvdavTan axloblebis ganSorebis Tema.

araerTi suraTi avtobiografiuli xasiaTisaa da misi

ojaxis wevrebs warmoaCens. tiloze, àvadmyofi gogona~,

mxatvris da da deida arian gamosaxulni. TiTqos

fataluri warmomavlobis burusSi vxedavT loginze

wamomjdar gogonas, mSvidi ganwirulobis ieriT. iqve

sawolze mgloviared Tavdaxrili qali zis. suraTi

sayvarel adamianTan ganSorebis im gancdiTaa aRsavse,

romelic Tavadac Zalze naadrevad ewvia suraTis

avtors.

aseve avtobiografiuli xasiaTis suraTze _

`momakvdavis oTaxi~ _ kvlavac garinduli sasowarkveTis

atmosfero sufevs. SeZrwunebisagan gaxevebuli ojaxis

wevrebi momakvdavis oTaxSi imyofebian. saxiT mxolod

erTi adamiani _ mxatvris ufrosi da Cans. saerTo

dardis miuxedavad, ojaxis arc erTi wevri ar iyureba

erTmaneTisaken, urTierTgamijnulni, Tavis TavSi Caketilni

arian. sikvdilis winaSe adamianTa erTobac uZluria

da ver moaqvs Sveba. adamiani martosuli rCeba Zlieri

gancdis pirispir.

suraTze _ `fanjarasTan Ramis perangSi mdgari

gogona~ _ kvlav mxatv ris da aris warmoCenili

_ sifrifana, TiTqos gamWvirvale sxeuliT. fanja-

maia goSaZe

131

rasTan misul gogonas winaSe moTeTro-monacrisfro

sivrcea gadaSlili, TiTqos amorfuli uperspeqtivobis

gamomxatveli. gogonas SiSvel fexebTan, erTmaneTis

gaswvriv vxedavT iatakze uZravad sworad ganlagebul

or baliSs, romlebic samaris filebs ufro mogvagonebs.

adamiani, munkis aRqmiT, gamoRviZebasac ki ver aswrebs, rom

samudamod gansasvenebelSi gaeSureba.

baliSi munkis warmosaxvaSi sikvdilTan asocirdeba.

uZiloba xSirad awuxebda. gamoRviZebisas ki loginSi

verasodes Cerdeboda, oTaxSi wrials iwyebda. uZravad

wola sikvdils axsenebda.

ucxo oTaxSi Sesvlisas Zalzed frTxilobda,

akvirdeboda oTaxi `boroti~ xom ar aris an kubos xom

ar waagavs formiT.

Teatrsa da operaSi iSviaTad dadioda, radgan

Cabnelebul darbazSi uZravad erT adgilas jdoma

Trgunavda. mayurebelTa darbazSi yovelTvis dagvianebiT

Sedioda, warmodgenis dasasrulamde ki gamorboda.

SfoTisken midrekils xSirad tanjavda Wkuidan

SeSlis SiSic. erTaderTxel mkurnalobda fsiqiatriul

saavadmyofoSi, magram sigiJe, misi TqmiT, muSaobam, xatvis

udidesma survilma daaZlevina.

saavadmyofodan gamosulma munkma kidev erTi

avtoportreti daxata _ sigaretis kvamlSi gaxveuli,

gadaRlili, datanjuli, magram Tavis mizanswrafvaSi

Seudrekeli adamianisa. aweul xelSi anTebuli sigareti

sanTe liviT uWiravs.

rwmena arasodes unaTebda cxovrebas. RmerTi Tu

arsebobs kidec, adami anebi sulac ar adardebso, _ ambobda

munki. nihilizmma samyarosTan sulismieri Tanazia rebis

SeuZleblobis gancda gauRviva. Tavad samyaro adamianisgan

gaucxo ebul, mtrul arsad iqca misTvis.

munkis Semoqmedebis Sedevrad aRiarebul suraTze

`yvirili~ swored samyaros winaSe SeZrwunebaa


132

gamoxatuli. Sua xidze gaSeSebul kacs TiTqos ZarRvebSi

sisxli gaeyina. yurebze xelebi aqvs afarebuli, Tvalebi

cariel xvrelebad eqca. suraTis ukana xedze miwis,

zRvisa da cis mrisxaned gam Tlianebul, yovliswamlekav

stiqias vxedavT.

munki Tavisi naxatis personaJiviT sizmarSi xSirad

xedavda rogor lamobs daiyviros, ganimuxtos mtanjveli

SfoTisagan, magram amaod, parali zebuli xmasac ver

iRebs.

cxadSi ki mxatvari yovelmxriv gaurboda esoden

mtrul gare samyaros. saxli galavaniT hqonda

Semoraguli. galavans gars ertya rkinis mavTulebi.

saxls, cixe-simagres rom waagavda, jaWvze mudmivad

dabmisgan gaavebuli ZaRlebi icavdnen. ZaRlebs patroni

sZuldaT, patrons ki _ ZaRlebi. Cemi ZaRlebi Tu ar

daabi, SegWameno, _ ambobda munki. mis naxatze gamosaxuli

cxo ve lebic sastiki mtaceblebi arian.

magram yvelaze didi mtacebeli misTvis qali iyo.

qalebi amqveynad kacis sicocxlis gasamwareblad arseboben,

_ ambobda igi. qali wurbelasaviT mogekroba, miaqvs dro,

energia, sayvarel saqmes gaSorebs. daojaxebuli kaci, misi

TqmiT, ifiteba, loyebi ucvivdeba, Tvalebi SuSiseburi

uxdeba, vampiruli bunebis qali ki energiiT ivseba da

ifurCqnebao.

munkis cxovrebaSi qalebi mravlad iyvnen. arc erT

maTgans ar ixsenebda gaRizianebis gareSe. jer kidev

adreul axalgazrdobaSi, mitovebuli sayvar lis mier

nasrolma tyviam samudamod daumaxinja xeli. am SemTxvevam

kidev ufro ganamtkica misi qalTmoZuleoba.

sasiyvarulo urTierTobebs swrafad da

moulodnelad wyvetda. erTxel sayvarelTan erTad

matarebliT mgzavrobisas, gaCerebaze gaufrTxileblad

Cavida. gaurkveveli mizeziT mitovebul qals mgzavrobis

gagrZeleba martos mouwia. munki ki ambobda, _ mTavaria

maia goSaZe

133

Tavs droze uSvelo da kritikul moment Si sayvarels

xelidan gausxlteo. rogorc ki igrZnobda qalis gavlenis

qveS moqcevis saSiSroebas, maSinve Tavs gaqceviT Sveloda.

xSirad sxva qalaqebsa an sxva qveynebSi garboda.

munkis erT-erTi sayvareli, fridrix nicSes da

_ elisabed nicSe iyo. munkis daxasiaTebiT es qali

namdvil afTrad warmogvidgeba. nicSeseuli gamonaTqvami

ki qalTan wasvlisas xelSi maTraxis daWeris saWiroebis

Sesaxeb, misi azriT germaneli filosofosis dis bunebas

saocrad miesada geboda.

tiloze _ `vampiri~, munkma qali saSineli,

frTebgaSlili monstris saxiT warmoaCina. SiSveli

qalis miwaSi fesvgadgmul-Cakiruli kidurebi obobas

qsels mogvagonebs. saxe sastiki sfinqsiviT Seuvali

aqvs. frTebgaS lili urCxulis garSemo erTi mamakacis

ConCxsa da sxvaTa daSlili neStis nawilebs vxedavT.

bunebrivia, rom munki arasodes daqorwinebula.

berlinSi mogzauro bisas cnobili Svedi mwerali, masaviT

qalTmoZule avgust strindbergi gaicno. munkisgan

gansxvavebiT, strindbergma samjer iqorwina. samjerve

uiRb lod. mTeli cxovreba sasurvel qalebTan omebSi

gaatara da Tavisi Semoq medebac sqesTa Soris brZolis

Temas miuZRvna.

or did skandinaviel xelovans bevri saerTo

aRmoaCnda, _ maT Soris, gemovnebac. orive erTdroulad

gatacebuli iyo poloneli poetis coliT, romlis

saxlSic xSirad xvdebodnen erTmaneTs. magram sabolood

qali, kidev erTma Seyvarebulma mamakacma, rusma Tavadma,

eWvianobis niadagze mokla. munki ixsenebda, rom am

qalis portretis Seqmnisas misTvis damaxasiaTebeli

mtaceb luri magnetizmis gamoxatva scada. munkisa da

strindbergis Taviseburi megobroba da mravalwliani

mimowera am, orivesTvis metad uiRblo, sasiyva rulo

istoriiT daiwyo.


134

strindbergi imxanad xatviT iyo gatacebuli. uzomod

pativmoyvares, norvegieli mxatvris gacnobisas masTan

gajibrebis survili gauCnda. qedmaRlurad ganucxada, rom

munkis winaSe udidesi skandinavieli mxatvaria. munkma

ironiulad miugo, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi strindbergis

winaSe udidesi skandi navieli mwerali dgas.

munkma strindbergis portretis xatva gacnobisTanave

daiwyo. erT-erT seansze mwerlis gamosaxuleba Caxatul

CarCoSi Casva, romlis marjvena mxaresac SiSveli qalis

silueti amSvenebda, rogorc didi Svedi mwerlis

mtanjveli vnebis simbolo.

mxatvarTan momdevno seansze misulma strindbergma

pistoleti amoiRo, gverdiT daido da metad araorazrovani

simkacriT gaafrTxila munki, rom portreti yovelgvari

uceremonio miniSnebebis gareSe daesrulebina.

munki misTvis uCveulo loialurobiT gamoirCeoda

monaTesave sulis mqone strindbergis mimarT. kargi

urTierToba hqonda nicSesTan, ibsenTan, hamsunTan. saerTod,

munki ufro momTmeni iyo pirquSi xasiaTis adamianebTan.

saSinlad aRizianebdnen laRi da mxiaruli pirovnebebi.

Tavad metad konfliqturi iyo. gansxvavebul azrs

ver itanda. erTxel megobarTan, mxatvar karstenTan,

wakamaTebisas ganrisxebulma dambaCidan esrola da sul

mcirediT aacdina tyvia. am SemTxvevis gamo xSirad

sinanuls gamoTqvamda. SemTxveviT gadarCenil karstens

Tavis usayvarles megobrad miiCnevda.

munki avadmyofurad gaorebuli pirovneba iyo. rac

ufro Zlier surda rame, miT ufro Zlier undoda

sawinaaRmdegoc. xalxsac gaurboda da marto obisganac

itanjeboda. uyvarda naTesavebi, magram urTierToba

ar hqonda maT Tan. gansakuTrebiT ufros das aqebda,

SesaniSnavi adamiania, magram danaxvis Tanave nervebs

miSliso. axloblebis ambebs munki maTi mezoblebisgan

igebda. mosvenebas kargavda, Tuki romelime maTgani avad

xdeboda. naTesavebs mudmivad exmareboda finansurad,

maia goSaZe

135

guluxvad asaCuqrebda, maTi cxovrebiT interesde boda,

magram maTTan yovelgvar urTierTobas, darekvasac ki

eride boda.

martoobisagan datanjuli xSirad dadioda sadgurze.

ambobda _ sad guri erTaderTia, sadac adamiani isvenebs,

SeuZlia xalxSi iyos, maTTan uSualo urTierTobis

damyarebis gareSec.

veraferi ver ixsnis adamians martoobisagan _

gvamcnoben munkis naxa tebi. nebismieri urTierToba kraxiT

mTavrdeba. suraTze `ferfli~, yofil Seyvarebulebs

vxedavT. sasiyvarulo vnebaTaRelvis Cacxrobis Semdeg,

kidev ufro gamofitulni, miusafarni da sasowarkveTilni

rCebian Semzaravi sicarielis pirispir.

`qristianiis bohema~ _ magidasTan Semomsxdar,

sigaretis kvamlSi gaxveul, namTvralev adamianebs

warmoaCens. TiToeuli maTgani erTmaneTisgan pirquSi

SeuvalobiTaa gamijnuli. moqeifeTa zurgs ukan landebs

vxedavT. munkiseul personaJs aCrdiliviT Tan dahyveba

bneli oreuli da Sinagani gaxleCilobis jojoxeTSi

agdebs.

`qristianiis quCa~ _ gaSlil gamzirze zurgidan

danaxuli adamianebi miseirnoben. umeteswilad qalebi

arian _ gaSlili qolgebiT xelSi. TiToeu li maTgani

qolgaSi isevea gamomwyvdeuli, rogorc sakuTari naWuWis

satusa RoSi.

benebrivia, rom maqs reinhardtma Tavis erT-erT yvelaze

pirquSad aRiarebul speqtakls, ibsenis `moCvenebanis~

dadgmis scenografad munki moiwvia, scenuri atmosferos

wamyvani leitmotivis, _ fatalurobis winaSe mzardi

uZlurebis gancdis erT-erT saxier gamomxatvelad

munkiseuli scenografia iqca; moqmedebis adgili _

sastumro oTaxi gamyinavi moJamu lobis STabeWdilebas

axdenda. oTaxis fanjridan nacrisferi cis peizaJi

moCanda, romlis uimedo Rrublianobas oTaxis nacrisferi

kedlebi exmia nebodnen. sakmaod did, magram naxevrad cariel


136

oTaxs, _ sxvadasxva kuTxeSi kanti-kuntad ganlagebuli

aveji arasimyudrovis iers aniWebda. oTaxis interieri

martosul adamianTa usixarulo Tanaarsebobis amreklav

sacxov riss warmoaCenda, sadac TiTqos arasodes aravin

icinis da romlis dam Trgunvel siCumeSi abezari

uwyvetobiT ismoda gamodarebis uperspeqtivobis

SegrZnebis gamomwvevi qarisa da wvimis xma.

munkma didxans icocxla. oTxmoc wels mitanebuli

mxatvari moulod nelad gardaicvala gulis

ukmarisobisagan. mSvid ZilSi umtkivneulod ganis vena.

sikvdili, romlis SiSi mTeli cxovreba tanjavda, ise

ewvia, verc ki gaigo.

gardacvalebis win kidev erTi avtoportreti Seqmna,

`saaTsa da sawols Soris mdgari kaci~. suraTis avtori

oTaxSi uZravad, brZanebis momlodine jariskaciviT

dgas. suraTis erT mxares kedlis mTel sigrZeze saaTs

vxedavT, meore mxares ki _ logins. maT Soris morCilad

mdgari kacisTvis gankuTv nili sasicocxlo dro saocari

siswrafiT iwureba da sikvdilisken miaqanebs.

martosuli mxatvari suraTebs Tavis Svilebad

moixseniebda. dedis alerss Zalze naadrevad mowyvetili

mxatvrisTvis samyaro im dedinacvlad iqca, romelic

verasdros miiRo ndobiTa da sixaruliT, siy va ruli

misTvis danakargis gancdisagan ganuyofeli aRmoCnda.

munkis naxa tebSi gardatexil-areklili misi gancdebi

aRsavsea im zogadadamianur satkivarTan Tanazia-

rebiT, romlis gamoxatvac edvard munkma swored Tavis

SemoqmedebaSi SesZlo.

gamoyenebuli literatura:.

Стенерсен Р. Эдвард Мунк. М., 1972.• Баб Юлиус, Макс Реингардт, М., 1913.• Театр ХХ века. М., • 2002.

maia goSaZe

137

* naSromebi ibeWdeba programis xelmZRvanelebis rekomendaciiT.

statiis stili daculia.

doqtorantTa

samecniero statiebi*

138

139

paata iakaSvili,

kinomcodneobis mimarTulebis doqtoranti

xelmZRvaneli _ prof. giorgi gvaxaria

memarcxeneTa SemoqmedebiTi principebis

cenzuruli xasiaTis gamovlena

realobis interpretaciisas

(saxiobiTi filmis `xabardas~ magaliTze)

20-iani wlebis bolos da 30-ianis damdegs komunisturi

reJimi aZlierebs negatiuri xasiaTis politikur da

ideologiur zemoqmedebas tradiciuli Rirebulebebis

winaaRdeg, romlis sabolood uaryofa misi erT-erTi

umTavresi mizani iyo. yvelaferi keTdeboda am miznis

Sesasruleblad. Zveli Tbilisis ngreva am zemoqmedebis

erT-erTi magaliTi iyo.

1929 wlis 24 ianvars gazeTSi ̀ muSa~ vinme s. mamulia

akritikebs geronti qiqoZis aseTi saxis patriotul

gamonaTqvams:

g. qiqoZe wers: `gadaWarbebul patriotobaSi nu

CamomarTmevT, Tu vityvi, rom rogorc evrazias Zveli

materikis Suaguli uWiravs, ise saqarTvelos Suaguli

uWiravs mudmiv WaRara da mudmiv axalgazrda tfilisis

kedlebs da axali qveynis talRebi exeTqebian rogorc

okeanis moqceva da mimoqceva~.

`moq. qiqoZes ar esmis da an ar unda gaigos, rom

Zveli tfilisi, didi xania, rac rom daangries axali

qveynis talRebma da axla Cven gvaqvs axali tfilisi

muSebis tfilisi~.

upasuxebs geronti qiqoZes es viRac mamulia.

ubedureba is iyo, rom mis sityvebs ara imdenad simboluri

mniSvneloba hqonda, ramdenadac faqtis konstatacias

warmoadgenda.

mixel Wiaurelis mier 1931 wels gadaRebuli filmi

140

`xabarda~ qarTul kinoSi agrZelebs `kulturuli

revoluciis~ Temas da im dros formirebad `socialuri

realizmis~ principebis yvelaze naTeli gamomxatvelia.

cxadia amis gamo masSi, erovnuli Rirebulebebis mimarT

kidev ufro nihilisturi damokidebuleba igrZnoba.

sityva `xabarda~ qarTulad `gzidan Camomecales~

niSnavs. es gza, filmis avtorebis azriT ̀ axal cxovrebas~

unda miscemoda, rac mmarTveli komunisturi reJimis

direqtivis mixedviT Zvelis uaryofiT unda momxdariyo.

scenaris avtorma s. tretiakovma da reJisorma m.

Wiaurelma srulad ganaxorcieles es miTiTeba da Seqmnes

qarTuli kinos istoriaSi yvelaze provokaciuli filmi,

romelic maSinac da axlac erovnuli Rirsebis mqone

adamianebis aRSfoTebas iwvevs. erTi SexedviT films

aseTi reaqcia ar unda gamoewvia, radgan SeiZleba gegonos,

rom gaugebrobaze agebuli komediaa: taZari, romlis

dacvasac filmis patriotulad ganwyobili personaJebi

cdiloben, rogorc bolos irkveva, kulturul-istoriul

Rirebulebebs ar warmoadgens. es ki bunebrivia siZveleTa

damcvelebs sasacilo mdgomareobaSi ayenebs, magram filmis

xasiaTi, misi azrobrivi mizandasaxuleba _ miTumetes,

am yvelafers im istoriuli periodis TvalsazrisiT

Tu SexedavT, romelSiac is aris gadaRebuli _ aseTi

daskvnis safuZvels sulac ar iZleva.

daviwyoT iqedan, rom 1921 wlidan dawyebuli

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva saqarTveloSi saSiSi

gaxda da mas adamianebis sicocxle ewireboda. movixmob

gaxmaurebul magaliTs: `xabardas~ ekranze gamosvlidan

eqvsi wlis Semdeg, metexis taZris da cixis dacvis

mcdelobisaTvis, romelsac komunistebi dangrevas

upirebdnen, daapatimres da daxvrites mxatvari dimitri

SevardnaZe. aris bevri sxva naklebad cnobili faqti,

msgavsi patriotuli qmedebis aRkveTisa, amitom, im

adamianebis parodireba, romlebic Tavisi sicocxlis

paata iakaSvili

141

fasad qarTul kulturas farad efarebodnen uzneoba

iyo da aris...

`xabardas~ siuJeti s. tretiakovma da m. Wiaurelma

aseT ambavze aages: Tbilisis erT Zvel ubanSi dazianebuli

da gamousadegari nagebobebis, saxlebisa da eklesiis

dangrevas msxverpli mohyva. aman daaCqara xelisuflebis

gadawyvetileba, rom es ubani Zveli Senobebisagan

gawmindon da mSromelTaTvis axali saxlebi aagon

(komunistTa populisturi politikis tipiuri nimuSi).

am gadawyvetilebis momxreebs siZveleTa gansakuTrebiT

ki eklesiis damcvelni upirispirdebian.

aseTia filmSi konfliqtis mizezi. maSin saqarTveloSi

eklesiebs mxolod Senobis siZvelisa da uvargisobis

gamo ar angrevdnen. es antireligiuri kompaniis nawili

iyo, magram filmis avtorma mxareTa Soris dapirispireba

religiuridan socialur sferoSi gadaitanes, raTa

momgebian poziciaSi aRmoCeniliyvnen; aqcentebis

gadaadgilebis Sedegad gamodioda, rom aTeistebi ki ar

Zaladobdnen morwmuneebze da eklesiebs ki ar ungrevdnen

maT, aramed avariuli nagebobebi unda daeSalaT da maT

adgilze muSebisaTvis axali da kargi sacxovrebeli

saxlebi aegoT... cxadia aseTi humanuri da socialurad

gamarTlebuli ideis winaaRmdeg gamosuli Zalebi,

ukiduresad konservatorebi, yovlad bneli reaqcias

warmomadgenlebi unda yofiliyvnen. ase nawildebian

siuJetis logikis mixedviT personaJebi.

kargebi isini arian vinc angrevs, cudebi ki vinc am

ngrevas ewinaaRmdegeba... am ukanasknelebs miekuTvnebian

filmis mTavari gmirebi diomide da luarsabi. aq kidev

erT dramaturgiul xerxTan gvaqvs saqme: ekranuli

drois umetesi nawili eklesiis damcvelTa liderebis

parodirebas eZRvneba, maSin roca filmis `dadebiTi~

personaJebi komkavSirel-komunisti `damangrevelebi~

gakvriT arian naCvenebi. maSasadame, am ori Zalis


cenzuruli xasiaTis gamovlena realobis interpretaciisas

142

Sepirispirebas da Sefasebas mayurebeli ver axdens. masze

STabeWdleba satiris im qar-cecxlma unda moaxdinos,

romelSiac gaxveulan ùaryofiTi~ personaJebi diomide

da luarsabi. filmis avtorebi maT groteskul portrets

sagangebod Zerwaven: diomide Casuqebuli, loyebRaJRaJa,

Ripiani, Savwvera kacia. mas kargi cxovrebisaTvis gemos

gamgebi, amasTan uaRresad ambiciuri adamianis saxe aqvs.

mxrebze mantia mousxams, rogorc XX saukunis mxatvrebs,

zogadad xelovanT e. w. `Tavisufali profesiis~

artistuli bunebis mqone adamianebs. filmis msvlelobisas

ki es mantia sul ufro asocirdeba msajulis mantiasTan.

amiTi miniSnebaa gakeTebuli, rom diomides pretenzia aqvs

msajulobisa, raTa gansajos Tu ra aris eris kulturuli

memkvidreoba da ra ara. amasTan, is saocrad energiuli da

Seupovari adamiania. diomide eklesiis gadarCenas maSinac

jiutad cdilobs, roca gairkva, rom es ybadaRebuli

nageboba ar aris qarTuli kulturis Zegli da ruseTis

imperatoris aleqsandre III dros auSenebiaT. diomides

monumenturi figura, misi brZolis heroika, metyveli

paTetikuri manerebi, maqsimalurad aris gamoyenebuli

filmis avtorebis mier personaJis ironizirebisaTvis,

raTa diskreditirebul iqnas misi pozicia. magram, s.

tretiakovs da m. Wiaurels es ar akmayofilebda da isini

satiris maxvils diomides momxreebisakenac mimarTaven:

eklesiis kedlis qvas diomide gulSi Caikravs da

damangrevelTa mimarT risxviT aRvsili mantiis frialiT

quCaSi mihqris. iq ki usaqmurad myofi misi momxreebi

xeebs mihyrdnobian da TavianTi simZimiT gadauzneqiaT

kidec. usaqmurTa brbo gaqceul diomides gamoedevneba.

eklesiis damcvelTa am aRelvebuli masis ironizirebis

mizniT avtorebi aRelvebuli zRvis kadrebs gviCveneben,

aRtkinebuli usaqmurebis Sedareba bunebis stiqiasTan

mayurebelTa Rimils unda iwvevdes, xolo Semdeg

kadrebSi, maTi sabolood gaSarJebis mizniT, diomide da

paata iakaSvili

143

misi mxardamWerebi, dafdafebiT xelSi, saqveynod gangaSis

amtexebad warmogvidgines.

siZveleTa Tavgamodebuli damcvelebi mxardaWerisaTvis

uryev avtoritets luarsabs mimarTaven `mxolod is

gaigebs, mxolod is~. aseTia maTi rwmena. am uryevi

avtoritetis mqone kacis saxls savizito baraTis

Sinaarsis mqone, marmarilos dafa amSvenebs:

`filatelistebis sazogadoebis wevri.

qarTuli arqeologiuri sazogadoebis wevri.

damcvelTa kolegiis wevri.

cxovelebis mfarvelTa sazogadoebis wevri.

vegetarianelTa sazogadoebis Tavmjdomaris

moadgile.

qveynis istoriuli Zeglebis damcvelTa sazogadoebis

Tavmjdomare.

luarsabi~.

luarsabis mravalmxrivi moRvaweobis aRniSvnasac

avtorebi parodiis kanonebis gamoyenebiT cdiloben.

maqsimalurad xazgasmulia is, rom yvela sazogadoebis

wevri sinamdvileSi arafris gamkeTebeli ar aris, da

sinamdvileSi es kaci ras warmoadgens aravin icis, Tumca

mis garSemo SemoqmedebiTi da teqnikuri inteligencia

Semokerebula, raki mas erovnuli kulturis did moamaged

miiCneven, oRond ra damsaxurebisaTvis gaugebaria, magram

moqandake mainc Zerwavs mis biusts. amiT filmis avtorebi

ironiul miniSnebas akeTeben imis Taobaze, rom Tavad

luarsabia `kulturuli memkvidreoba~.

komikuria am kinogmiris wardgoma Tayvanismcemlebis

winaSe: roca es ukanaskneli mis sastumro oTaxSi aRmoCndnen.

xedaven luarsabis skulpturul gamosaxulebas. TviTon

is ki oTaxSi ar aris, mxolod Tejirze gadakidebuli

misi Sarvali Cans... Tayvanismcemlebi dabneulebi

dganan, am dros Sarvali nel-nela Cacurdeba Tejiris

meore mxares da cota xanSi Tejiridan gamodis ukve



144

SarvalCacmuli luarsabi da napoleonis pozaSi dgeba,

misi naxviT gabednierebuli Tayvanismcemlebis winaSe...

sul ufro gesliani xdeba satira: luarsabi erovnul-

kulturuli memkvidreobis mcveli da Tavad kulturuli

memkvidreoba, Tavisi xangrZlivi memkvidreobis aRsaniSnav

iubileze fiqrobs. am dros luarsabi avad xdeba.

cnobil eqimTa konsiliumi eris siamayis gadarCenas

cdilobs. luarsabs hgonia, rom kvdeba da naxulobs

sizmars, rom is mokvda... da sakuTar dasaflavebas

Tavad xelmZRvanelobs... dasaflavebis scenaSi mixeil

Wiaureli im qarTul tradiciasac gadaswvda, erisTavis

wmidaTawmida rom aris da aq is sabolood kargavs

zomierebis grZnobas: luarsabis TayvanismcemelTa Soris

atydeba dava, Tu sad unda dakrZalon is, mTawmindis

panTeonSi Tu sxvagan. am scenaSi m. Wiaurelma diomide

da misi momxreebi Suasaukuneebis qarTvel raindTa

saWurvliT aRWurva. amis wyalobiT daCaCanakebuli

inteligencia, romelsac iaraRi ausxams, erT da imave

dros ubadrukic aris da sasaciloc. maTi es sabrZolo

SemarTeba gamoiwvia survilma TavianTi beladi wminda

miwaze dakrZalon mTawmindaze, iveriis oqros Rrubelze

davdgaT misi kubo~, aseTia maTi moTxovna. amis gamgone

luarsabi, romelic kubodan gadmoscqeris mis aRiarebis

am scenas, bednieri iRimeba.

luarsabis mTawmindaze dakrZalvis momxreebma

gaimarjves, axla cekviT miiwevs panTeonisaken, cekvaven

Carlstons. cekviT svlas diriJorobs Tavad luarsabi.

am dros gamoCndeba diriJabli, is reJisors axali

socialisturi wyobisa da mis mier damkvidrebuli

cxovrebis wesis simbolod aqvs gaazrebuli. mocekvave-

motiralebi amas sworad aRiqvamen: `maTi diriJabli~,

aRmoxdebaT maT da miuRebeli reJimis teqnikur miRwevaTa

am gansaxierebis, moulodneli gamoCeniT Tavzardacemulni

kubos daagdeben da iqedan kisristexiT mirbian. am dros

paata iakaSvili

145

sizmari mTavrdeba da pirSi TermometrgaCxril luarsabs

eRviZeba.

luarsabi da diomide erTad ganagrZoben brZolas

eklesiis gadasarCenad, isini midian àrxeoluxTan~

(warwera rusuladaa Sesrulebuli, rogorc filmis

sxva danarCeni warwerebi) am ucnauri saxelis mqone

moxeles, filmis avtorTa dacinvis sagnad rom qceula,

Cans warsulis realiebis dacva evaleba. is maT Txovnas

aseT rezolucias adebs: èklesia, rogorc Zegli

aRdgenili unda iqnes~. luarsabi da diomide gamarjvebas

zeimoben, magram amaod. eklesias angreven da vxedavT

axali raionis makets. warsulis damcvelTa beladebi

marcxdebian. miuxedavad amisa, luarsabs moRvaweobis

ormoci wlisaTvis iubiles uxdian da didi damsaxurebis

niSnad Tavze rusTavelis quds axuraven.

mixeil Wiaureli uniWo adamiani ar yofila.

piriqiT, is mravalmxrivi niWiT dajildoebuli iyo,

magram `xabardas~ niWierad Seqmnil nawarmoebs ver

uwodeb. saqme arc imaSia, rom kinoSi axali mosuli

gaxldaT, es filmi misi debiuti namdvilad ar yofila,

mis mesame reJisorul namuSevars warmoadgenda, mizezi

sxva rameSia. yvelaferi rac am filmisaTvis gaakeTa

m. Wiaurelma: s.tretiakovTan erTad dawerili scenari,

masSi aRZruli problema da gamoyenebuli mxatvruli

xerxebi, komikur situaciaTa gaTamaSeba, satira, groteski,

karikatura, sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda srulyofili mxatvrul

nawarmoebis Sesaqmnelad. warumateblobas koniuqturuli

xasiaTis filmebis principebidan gamomdinare ramdenime

tradiciulad qceul mizezi hqonda: pirveli es ukiduresi

tendenciurobaa da saTqmelis motanisas sworxazovnoba,

filmSi dadebiTi personaJebi mxolod muSa da teqnikosi

arian, proletariatis warmomadgenlebi, inteligencia

ki uaryofiTad aris naCvenebi, arc erTi qarTveli

inteligenti dadebiT gmirad ar aris gamoyvanili. ase



146

calsaxad personaJebis kargebad da cudebad dayofam

filmis avtorTa klasobrivi cnobierebis primitiuli

xasiaTi warmoaCina.

mixel Wiaureli Tavis uaryofiT damokidebulebas

patriotulad ganwyobili inteligenciis mimarT ar

malavda da 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi filmis ̀ xabardas~

gadaRebis Semdeg, im tipis inteligentebze, romlebic

ase gaSarJebulad gviCvena Tavis suraTSi da romelTa

bedic Tavis erT-erT gamosvlaSi ase gansazRvra: `Tu

momaval xuTwledSic dgas sakiTxi klasis likvidaciisa

(igulisxmeba inteligencia _ e. o.) aq ueWvelad

ivaraudeba is elementebi, romlebic arian `xabardaSi~ am

klass aqvs raRacnairi gankerZoeba muSaTa klasisagan~1.

ucnauri logikaa, reJisori Tavis filmSi

tendenciurad warmoaCens patriotulad ganwyobil

qarTul inteligencias. Semdeg Tavis mosazrebas azogadebs

socialuri TvalsazrisiT da brals sdebs inteligencias

muSaTa klasis mimarT gankerZoebul damokidebulebaSi,

rac ssrk-Si saxelmwifo Ralatis donis danaSaulad

iTvleboda. koniuqturuli miznebiT gamowveuli msgavsi

am provokaciuli qmedebisa, saqarTveloSi arsebuli

koloniur-komunisturi reJimis, stalinur periodSic

Zneli sapovnia...

m. Wiaureli pativs ar scemda patriotulad

ganwyobil inteligencias da dasaRupavad imetebda mas,

amiT Tavis negatiur damokidebulebas gamoxatavda.

aqedan momdinareobs meore mizezic; qarTuli sulieri

Rirebulebisadmi nihilisturi damokidebuleba. filmSi

aseTi epizodia: moCans qalaqis Zveli ubani _ aivani,

saxlebi. erT-erT aivanze erovnul tansacmelSi Cacmuli

araseqsualuri garegnobis qarTveli qali dgas, am

epizodSi kadris sivrce SezRudulia, iqmneba STabeWdileba,

1 okujava e. `mixel Wiaureli _ xelovanisa da drois urTierT- `mixel Wiaureli _ xelovanisa da drois urTierT-

kavSiri mixeil Wiaurelis SemoqmedebaSi~, qarTvel kinoreJisorebi,

narkvevebis krebuli, nawili II, 2007 w. gv. 79

paata iakaSvili

147

rom SezRudulia is garemo, sadac tradiciuli da

konservatiuli Rirebulebebia Tavmoyrili. ase xedavs

am garemos reJisori da am epizodis xasiaTi yovelive

erovnulisadmi – romlis centraluri figurac

erovnul samosSi gamowyobili qarTveli qalia _ iseTive

nihlisturia, rogorc imave 1931 wels vinme narouSvilis

leqsi aseve qarTvel qalze:

`kidev meSCani... `qarTveli qali~

Sav-Tma xuWuWa, qarTvelosani,

`qarTuli~ miwis rogorc wunkali

dingiT mTxreli da misi mgosani.~1

diax, aris raRac saerTo mixeil Wiaurelis ̀ xabardas~

zemoT moyvanil epizodisa da f. narouSvilis `poetur~

ubadrukobas Soris.

rac Seexeba filmis im epizodebs, sadac axali saxlebis

mSeneblobaa naCvenebi, kadris sivrce farTovdeba. cxadia,

amaSi Cans axlisadmi reJisoris damokidebuleba.

m. Wiaureli yovelgvari obieqturi motivis gareSe,

satiris maxviliT musravs qarTul inteligencias da

yvelafer imas, rac faseulia qarTuli kulturisaTvis.

man arc SoTa rusTaveli daindo da arc mTawmindis

panTeoni. arada, arc qarTvel inteligentebs miuciaT

Tavisi ukiduresi retrogradobiT vinmesTvis sababi

aseTi satiruli komediis Seqmnisa da arc qarTuli

sulieri Rirebulebebi iyo Tavisi arsiT antihumanuri

da antisocialuri movlena, swored amitom ver Seasrula

dasaxuli amocana filmSi mTawmindis panTeonisaken

Carlstonis cekviT svlis epizodma.

20-iani wlebis bolos da 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi

qarTul xelovnebasa da literaturaSi cekvas

dramaturgiuli funqcia mieniWa, is personaJis sulier

ganwyobas, an mis cvlas gviCvenebs, an kidev reJisoris

damokidebulebis gamoxatulebas ambavTan mimarTebaSi

1 narouSvilis f., politikuri poetis deklaracia, 1931 w. gv. 27



148

da am yvelafris gamo kinoSi ramdenjerme gamoiyenes

sxvadasxva Janris filmebSi. ase magaliTad: nikoloz

Sengelaias èlisoSi~. jer adamianuri Tanadgomis

gamovlenas vxedavT `cekviT Senebis~ epizodSi, Semdeg ki

sulierad dacemuli xalxis `cekviT gadarCenis~ scenebs

gviCvenebs reJisori. kote miqaberiZisY`Cem bebiaSi~

biurokratis ojaxis pirmoTne da mdabiuri moralis

`cekviT mxilebis~ mowme vxdebiT. xolo, mixeil gelovanis

`namdvil kavkasielSi~ obivatelis ̀ egzotikuri~ xasiaTis

bodvebis `cekviT parodirebas~.

amitom, gasakviri ar unda yofiliyo, rom avtoriseuli

saTqmelis cekviT gamoxatvis mxatvrulma xerxma da

misTvis damaxasiaTebelma simbolurma mniSvnelobam

mixeil Wiaurelis yuradReba miiqcia da masac mounda

Tavis filmSi am mxatvruli xerxis gamoyeneba. oRond saqme

isaa Tu rogori azris gamosaxatavad gamoiyena man is?

zemoxsenebuli filmebidan pirvelSi avtorTa

pozicia gasagebi da misaRebi iyo, radgan ers sakuTar

TavSi sasicocxlo Zalis povnisa da moraluri

amaRlebisaken mouwodebda. mayurebelSi optimistur

ganwyobas warmoSobda... xolo, meore da mesame filmebSi

sazogadoebis mankieri mxareebi iyo mxilebuli da

parodirebuli.

mixeil Wiaurels ki sxva mizani hqonda: is cekviT

masxrad igdebda sazogadoebis saukeTeso nawils, eris

inteleqtualur potencials, warmoaCenda maT rogorc

uilajos, daCaCanakebuls, pativmoyvares, pretenziuls,

mSiSaras, Tavzardacemuls, gaqceuls, waqceuls. xolo

epizodSi gamoyenebuli cekva sulac ar emsaxureba xalxis

sulier amaRlebas, piriqiT, ufro sulier dakninebas

uwyobs xels.

roca `xabardaSi~ Carlstonis cekvas uyureb,

gebadeba azri, rom m. Wiaurelma naxa `Cemi bebia~,

masze STabeWdileba moaxdina iq naCvenebma Carlstonis

paata iakaSvili

149

cekvam da Tavadac Seqmna Tavis filmSi analogiuri

xasiaTis scena. oRond, saqme isaa, rom kote miqaberiZis

suraTSi cekvas dramaturgiuli datvirTva aqvs. mixeil

Wiaurelis filmSi ki ara... Sesabamisad, ̀ xabardaSi~ cekva

aranair emociur zemoqmedebas mayurebelze ar axdens da

mxatvruli TvalsazrisTac namdvili uniWobaa...

aq unda aRiniSnos erTi metad yuradsaRebi garemoeba:

m. Wiaurels da misi scenaris avtors s. tretakovs (Tavad

memarcxeneTa erT-erT ideologs) imave mizeziT mouvidaT

SemoqmedebiTi marcxi, riTac aseTi ram memarcxeneTa

umetesobas emarTeboda. warumateblobis mizezi isaa, rom

maT ver SesZles mocemuli ideologiuri dakveTisaTvis

saTanado mxatvruli forma moeZebnaT. Sesabamisad

imZlavra politikurma koniuqturam da saTqmeli imdenad

pirdapir iTqva, rom politikuri satira (risi Seqmnac

m. Wiaurels surda) misTvis aucilebeli Janruli

kanoniT ver ganxorcielda. Sesabamisad mxatvrulad ver

ganazogada da plakaturi formiT gamoxatul politikur

braldebad iqca. amis dadasturebaa luarsabis sizmris

is epizodebi, sadac gamoCndebian vatikanisa da e. w.

`yviTeli internacionalis~ warmomadgenlebi, xolo erTa

liga (romlis wevradac filmis gadaRebis wels, ssrk

jer kidev miRebuli ar iyo) samgloviaro gvirgvins

agzavnis. es yvelaferi ki im drois kriteriumebiT Tu

vimsjelebT, qarTuli inteligenciis kontrrevoluciur

ganwyobaze gakeTebuli araorazrovani miniSnebaa...

filmis azrobrivma mizandasaxulobam, bevrad

gansazRvra suraTis saxviTi gaazreba. amitom, is rasac

qmnidnen filmis mxatvrebi lado gudiaSvili da daviT

kakabaZe, gardatexilia reJisoris xedvis prizmaSi. es

xedva ki gulisxmobda yvelaferi imis ironizirebas,

rac filmis mxatvrebisTvis miRebuli iyo. amitom,

maTi pozicia pirveladi saxiT ar aris gamovlenili,

radgan logikuria, rom Zveli Tbilisis realobis iseTi



150

mcodnisaTvis, rogoric lado gudiaSvili gaxldaT da

Zveli Tbilisis arqiteqturis iseTi qomagisaTvis, daviT

kakabaZe rom iyo, Sinaganad miuRebeli unda yofiliyo is

satirul-groteskuli xedva Zveli Tbilisisa da misi

damcvelebisa mixeil Wiaurels, rom hqonda.

`xabarda~ arc samsaxiobo SesrulebiT gamoirCeva;

rogorc mxatvrebi SeboWa reJisoris poziciam, aseve

imoqmeda msaxiobebzec. isini mocemuli sqemis CarCoebSi

moeqcnen s. zavrievis _ diomide da p. Wyonias luarsabi,

iseve rogorc S. asaTianis _ muSa da s. vaCnaZis _

teqnikosi. saagitacio plakatze gamosaxul ùaryofiTi~

da `dadebiTi~ tipebis zedapirul kinematografiul

xorcSesxmas warmoadgenen da ara fsiqologiuri da

socialuri safuZvlis mqone kinosaxeebs. es imitom, rom

aseTi iyo reJisoris mier mocemuli amocana, romelmac

msaxiobs personaJTa xasiaTis gaxsnisa da ganviTarebis

saSualeba ar misca. maT mxolod plakatis gacocxlebuli

gamosaxulebis funqcia daakisra da meti araferi...

miuxedavad m. Wiaurelis mcdelobisa mmarTveli

reJimis guli moego da is ideologiuri direqtivebi

Seesrulebina, rasac partia memarcxeneebs avalebda, Sedegi

srulad sapirispiro aRmoCnda: partiuli da komkavSiruli

presa daufaravad uaryofiTi damokidebulebiT Sexvda

films da `xabarda~ mZafrad iqna gakritikebuli.

1931 wlis 17 ivlisis gazeT ̀ axalgazrda komunistSi~

daibeWda recenzia saTauriT `saxkinmrewvis àxali~

nawarmoebi. politikuri pamfleti “xabarda”, gTavazobT

ramdenime citatas am werilidan: `filmis dawyebisTanave

afrTxileben mayurebels _ iqonieT darbaisluri

moTmineba suraTis dasrulebamde da Wkuaze ar SeiryaT

mosalodneli sanaxaobiT~. gafrTxileba samarTliania

da swori, radgan zogierTi kadris aTvisebis dros

mayurebeli ufro met wvalebas ganicdis _ vidre amas

ganicdidnen saberZneTis istoriaSi cnobili Txebi,

paata iakaSvili

151

rodesac maT ZaldatanebiT bulbulis rolSi gamosvlas

avalebdnen. ̀ xabarda~ ki pirvel rigSi kbilebCamtvreuli

oxunjobaa, romelic alag-alag banalurobamde daiyvaneba.

burJuaziul-meSCanuri inteligenciis gaSarJebis

mxriv suraTi ver aRwevs mizans. gzadagza meqanikurad

Camatebulia momentebi socialuri mSeneblobidan. metad

datvirTulia zRaprebis istoriiT. mTavari moqmedeba

ìgulisxmeba~ ekrans miRma, aklia originaluri mTlianoba

da politikuri sinamdvile.

faqtebis `gaucxoeblad~ Cveneba suraTs mTlianad

ukargavs mxatvrul damajereblobas, ris gamoc

namdvili politikuri pamfletis nacvlad xelovnurad

gatakimasxaravebul SarJebs vRebulobT, romelTa

socialuri fesvi sruliad ar igrZnoba.

zemo naTqvamidan ar gamomdinareobs, TiTqos saWiro ar

iyo inteligenciis garkveuli nawilis gaSarJeba, romlis

mudmiv sazrunav sagans ca-firuz xmeleT-zurmuxtovan

saqarTveloze _ fiqri da godeba Seadgens, romelTac

yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvites mSromelTa masebis

saqmeebTan da romelnic `dRes guSindelze uaresad da

xvalindelze ukeT arian~ _ saWiroa sworad amgvarad da

am sistemis: inteligenciis magari gamaTraxeba, saWiroa

maTi gaSarJeba yoveli mxriv, radgan isini TviTon gasul

drois SarJebi arian dRevandel cxovrebisaTvis _ da

swored samwuxaro is aris, rom suraTma ver SeZlo amis

gakeTeba. suraTSi sruliad ar Cans brZolis is namdvili

saxe, romelic axal cxovrebas gaumarTa, burJuaziul

da menSevikur saqarTvelos ideologiur xlarTebSi

moqceulma inteligenciam.

reJisors kargad unda esmodes is elementaruli,

magram, Zalze saWiro ambavi, _ rom eklesiis da saerTod

Zveli yofa-cxovrebis narCenebis aRmofxvra iseTi ura

politikiT ar warmoebs, rogorc eg ̀ xabardaSia~ naCvenebi.

aq gansakuTrebuli gonebamaxviloba da zomiereba iyo



152

saWiro.~

uaRresad saWiroa es werili, kritikosis damokidebuleba

sarecenzio filmisadmi, misi toni da pozicia aSkaras

xdis, imas rom is oficialuri presis warmomadgenelia

da patriotuli Sexedulebebisa da sxva mizeziT

mmarTveli reJimisadmi araloialuri inteligenciis

mimarT uaryofiTadaa ganwyobili. is agreTve Zvelis

ngrevisa da axlis Senebis momxrea. ase, rom mxars uWers

reJisoris pozicias, magram recenzenti kategoriulad

winaaRmdegia imisa Tu rogor akeTebs amas m. Wiaureli.

mas aRizianebs reJisoris ukiduresad tendenciuri

midgoma sakiTxisadmi, rac inteligenciis guliswyromas

gamoiwvevda da mmarTveli reJimis politikis mimarT

mtrulad ganawyobda. amitomaa rom cdilobs, satiris

maxvili, filmis avtorisaken warmarTos, raTa am gziT

m. Wiaurelis namoqmedaris Sedegi SeZlebisdagvarad

gaaneitralos, SeZlebisdagvarad uvneblad aqcios... ukve

aqedan Cans Tu ra safrTxe Seuqmna oficialur politikas

sakiTxisadmi Tavisi zRvargadasuli qveSevrdomuli

midgomiT m. Wiaurelma.

paata iakaSvili

153

maia lipartiani,

dramis reJisuris mimarTulebis doqtoranti

xelmZRvanelebi _ prof. giorgi margvelaSvili,

prof. vasil kiknaZe

sxeulis moZraobisa da mimikis ena

adamiani baZavs bunebas: cekva da moZraoba

damaxasiaTebelia mTeli samyarosaTvis. graciozulad

tankenaroben mcenareebi – ixrebian mzisken, ritmulad

dahyvebian qaris qrolvas. frinvelebi pozebisa da

moZraobis enaze saubroben – frTebis gaSliTa da

xaTquniT xan agresias gamoxataven da xan saqorwino

cekvas asruleben. cxovelebis cekvebic maT Zalasa da

siyvarulis unarze miuTiTeben. moZraoba Zalis mosakrebad,

sulieri srulyofilebisaTvis aRviZebs energias –

sicocxlisa da sikvdilisaTvis. nebismieri ritualuri

fizikuri moqmedebis mizania cnobierebis mokreba da

mizanmimarTulad warmarTva. Zvel droSi mocekvaveebi,

TavianTi saidumlo JestebiTa da moZraobebiT, sasuliero

pirebs uTanabrdebodnen. ezoTeruli moZRvrebebi

cxadyofen, rom TiToeuli adamiani mikrokosmia –

samyaros makrokosmis miniaturuli anarekli. cekva – aris

saSualeba misi energiis stimulirebisa da mimarTvisa

ara gare samyarosaken, aramed – Sinaganisken, cnobierebis

Rrma Sreebisaken.

cekva aris urTierTobis erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli

forma. is ganpirobebulia adamianis sxeuliT an

modelirebulia specifikuri sagnebiT (tansacmliT,

niRbebiT, morTulobebiT), romelTac garkveuli mniSvneloba

gaaCniaT. arasityvieri ena aris sivrcobriv-droiTi

ganfenilobisa, radgan sxvadasxva niSnebi warmodgebian

erTianobaSi da maTi mniSvneloba ganpirobebulia

garkveul drois SualedSi SeTanxmebul komponentTa

154

erTianobiT.1 kacobriobis ganviTarebis adreul stadiebze,

moZraobebi da Jestebi savaraudod iyo is ena, romliTac

urTierTobdnen ara marto ucxosTan, aramed – erTmaneTTan

da, amas garda, cekvas gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeboda

identifikaciis da imitaciis ganviTarebaSi.2

cekva, romladac aris gardaqmnili fsiqikuri cxovreba,

yoveli adamianisaTvis individualuria, sxvadasxvaa -

rogorc jer aRmouCeneli materiki. meore mxriv, moZraoba

yovelTvis saxezea da misi aRwera SeiZleba rogorc

Signidan, ise - garedan. da es qmnis subieqturobis Tavidan

aridebis saSualebas. „cekva – xelovnebis erTaderTi

dargia, sadac adamiani Tavad aris instrumenti“ (raxel

farnhageni).

sagangebo simbolur mniSvnelobebs iZens Tanamedrove

fsiqologiur gamokvlevebSi dafiqsirebuli sxeulis ena

– Tu ramdenad miesadageba igi qoreografiul Jestebsa

da mimikebs xalxur, klasikursa da Tanamedrove sacekvao

SemoqmedebaSi.

es Tema sagangebo msjelobis sagani jer ar gamxdara

– TumcaRa sxeulis enam, romelic dRes fsiqologiis

gamokvlevebis sagnad aris qceuli, sruliad

gansakuTrebuli asaxva SeiZleba hpovos qoreografiaSi.

is, rac aqamde arqetipuli, simboluri gaazrebiT

aRiqmeboda, dRevandeli fsiqologiuri gamokvlevebisa

da mravaljeradi cdis safuZvelze, saSualebas iZleva

dainergos qoreografiaSi Teoriul da praqtikul

codnasTan SesabamisobiT.

Jestebisa da sxeulis moZraobis formiT adamians

mokle droSi gacilebiT meti informaciis gadacema

xelewifeba, vidre raime sxva saSualebiT. moqmedebis

mRelvareba am dros SeiZleba iyos iluzoruli, formiT

imitaciuri, magram Sinaarsi aRiqmeba, rogorc WeSmariti

1 Мартинес Э.Л. Внесловесный язык Культуры. - 1986. с.352 Noack A. On a Jungian approach to dance movement therapy // Dance Movement Therapy: Theory and Practice. London & N.-Y., 1992, с.191

maia lipartiani

155

da realuri. xelovnebidan xdeba dabruneba realuri

cxovrebisaken.

adamiani odiTgan cekvis meoxebiT amyarebda kavSirs

bunebasa da zenaar ZalebTan – keTil da borot sulebTan,

aSinebda borot sulebs da daxmarebas Txovda keTilT:

amindis regulirebaSi, sayofacxovrebo saqmianobaSi,

mkurnalobaSi. emociuri agzneba imdenad didia, rom

cekvis yvela monawiles erTdroulad SeiZleba daewyoT

halucinaciebi. samxedro Temaze arsebuli cekvebi

xSirad did warmatebas aRwevinebdnen mocekvaves realur

brZolaSi. rogorc nicSes uTqvams: „me mxolod im

RvTaebas verwmunebodi, romelsac cekva ecodineboda“.

samagaliTod, dasawyisidanve movixmobT friad

sagulisxmo magaliTs: fsiqologiis uaxlesi dargi

– neirolingvisturi programireba gvTavazobs

mimikuri da mxedvelobiTi gamomsaxvelobis utyuar

diagnostikur maCvenebels – maTs gamokvlevebsa da

dakvirvebebSi, vizualuri gaxsenebisas, Tanamosaubris

Tvalebis moZraoba fiqsirdeba marcxniv da zeviTken;

konstruirebisas (ararsebulis mogonebis Jams) Tvalebi

iyurebian maRlisken marjvniv. rodesac adamiani jer

aRapyrobs Tvalebs maRla da marjvniv, mere meyseulad

qvemoT da marcxniv – masSi qvebudanobaa Cabudebuli –

man jer Caifiqra is, rac arasodes momxdara da Semdeg

gadawyvita misi realobad gasaReba.

NLP-is Tund es mciredi unikaluri migneba sruliad

axlebur warmodgenas qmnis adamianuri urTierTobebis

tradiciul orientirebSi, rac xelovnebis sxvadasxva

asparezze da, maT Soris, baletisa Tu sacekvao arenaze –

araverbaluri komunikaciis sruliad axal interpretaciis

warmoSobis winapirobaa!

da Tu jerovans mivuzRavT mkvlevars, romelmac

sxeulis moZraobis, Jestisa da mimikis ena sayovelTao

ganxilvisa da analizis saqmed aqcia – kinesikis sferoSi


156

bestselerad aRiarebuli naSromis, „sxeulis moZraobis

enis“ avtors, alan pizs, sruliad axleburi warmodgena

Segveqmneba sxeulis im qceviT metyvelebaze, romelic

korelaciaSi modian qoreografiuli simboloebis

enasTan. `bodi lengvij“ – 70-ian wlebSi pirvelad

daiwyo seriozuli Seswavla alan pizma. 1

sxeulis enis Tavisebureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom

misi gamovlinebani gamowveulia adamianis qvecnobieri

impulsebiT da radgan am impulsebis gayalbeba

SeuZlebelia, SegviZlia maT mivendoT metad, vidre

urTierTobis verbalur saSualebas. albaT SemTxveviT

ar uTqvams cnobil amerikel mocekvaves, marta grems:

„sxeuli arasodes ar ityueba!“ 2

pirovnebis sakuTar sxeulTan damokidebulebis

piziseuli parametrebis ganxilvamde, Tavdapirvelad

samyaros mimarT adamianis damokidebulebis miseuli

xedva gaviziaroT.

alan pizis mixedviT adamianis garemoSi TviTaRqmis

umTavresi msazRvrelia zonaluri sivrce. adamianis

sivrcobrivi teritoriis sazRvrebi TiTqmis erTnairia,

eTnikuri da geografiuli kuTvnilebis miuxedavad. isini

iyofian 4 sivrcobriv zonebad.

1. intimuri zona (15–dan 46 santimetramde). yvela

zonas Soris es yvelaze mTavaria, radgan swored am

zonas icavs adamiani, rogorc sakuTrebas. am zonis

gadalaxvis ufleba aqvT im pirebs, vinc masTan mWidro

emociur kontaqtSia. es aris Svilebi, mSoblebi, meuRleebi,

sayvarlebi, axlo megobrebi da naTesavebi. am zonaSi aris

kidev qvezona, radiusiT 15 sm, sadac SeRweva SeiZleba

mxolod uSualo fizikuri kontaqtis meSveobiT. es aris

zeintimuri zona.

2. piradi zona (46 sm.–dan 1,2 metramde). es aris

1 Allan Pease Body Language ‘Sheldon press”, London, 1988 p.3 - 782 Martha Graham. Blood Memory. New York, 1991. P. 57

maia lipartiani

157

manZili, romelic Cven gvacilebs gareSeTagan, rodesac

vimyofebiT saRamos kafe-barebSi, oficialur Sexvedrebze,

oficialur miRebebze Tu megobrul saRamoebze.

3. socialuri zona (1,2 metridan 3,6 metramde). aseT

manZilze vimyofebiT ucxo adamianebisgan dacilebulni,

magaliTad, santeqnikosisa da durglisagan, romlebic

gasaremonteblad modian CvenTan; fostalionisgan; axali

TanamSromlebisgan, visac kargad ar vicnobT da a.S.

4. sazogadoebrivi zona (3,6 metrze meti) roca

mivemisamarTebiT xalxis did jgufs, maSin yvelaze

moxerxebulia auditoriidan swored am manZilze yofna.

zonaluri sivrcis kvleva, mniSvnelovani informaciis

wyaro SeiZleba gaxdes rogorc tradiciuli erovnuli, ise

klasikuri da Tanamedrove qoreografiis SeswavlisaTvis

– Tu ramdenad Seesatyviseba es monacemebi warsulis

tradiciul simbolur arqetipul warmodgenebs da

ramdenad SeTanadebulad aris gaazrebuli Tanamedrove

xelovnebis cnobiersa Tu aracnobier warmodgenebSi.

alan pizi adamianis sxeulis moZraobas, mimikasa da

Jestebs garkveul simbolur mniSvnelobas aniWebs da

ganmartavs maT mravali aseuli cdis Sedegad miRebuli

daskvnebis safuZvelze. Cven vcdiT am dakvirvebis Sedegad

miRebuli Sedegebis dajgufebas maTi aTvlis wertilidan

gamomdinare da vyofT samad, maTi warmomavlobis mixedviT:

1) pirobiT Jestebad, 2) gacnobierebul Jestebad da 3)

qvecnobier Jestebad.

amave dros alan pizis magaliTebs ganvavrcobT

sxvadasxva qveynis saxasiaTo magaliTebiT da paraleluri

maxasiaTeblebiT qoreografiuli praqtikidan.

1. pirobiTi Jesti aris iseTi saxis qmedeba, rodesac

adamianebi erTmaneTSi Tanxmdebian ama Tu im qmedebis

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. amitomac aris, rom xSirad

erTidaigive an msgavsi qmedeba sul sxvadasxvanairad aris

interpretirebuli sxvadasxva qveynebsa Tu populaciebSi.


158

pirobiTi niSnebis magaliTebad gamodgeba:

a) ceriT da saCvenebeli TiTiT wris Sekvra –

amerikelTaTvis: „yvelaferi kargadaa~, frangebisTvis –

„noli“, iaponelTaTvis – fulis erTeuli, xmelTaSua

zRvis auzSi – gineba;

b) maRla aweuli ceri – mraval qveyanaSi mowonebas

niSnavs; arabTaTvis miuRebelia; misi skabrezuli

mniSvnelobis gamo;

g) TiTebis mravalmxrivi kombinacia – sabirJo fasebis

maniSneblad;

d) xelis mtevnis specifikuri Jesti Cveni Tanamemamule

mikroavtobusebis mZRolebisaTvis („maqvs mxolod fexze

dasadgomi adgili“);

e) yru-munjebis anbanuri ena, romlis pirobiTobaze

metyvelebs „asoebis“ TvalsaCino gansxvaveba mag. rusulsa

da inglisur variantebSi.

2. gacnobierebuli SegviZlia davarqvaT Jestebs,

sadac arqetipi imdenad mkveTrad amJRavnebs Tavs, rom

praqtikulad gamoricxulia alternatiuli mniSvnelobis

daSveba. gacnobierebul araverbalur Jestebad SegviZlia

aRviqvaT:

a) gaSlili xelebi, romlebic metyveleben

gulwrfelobaze (rodesac adamianebi gulaxdilni

da gulmarTalni arian, isini gaucnobiereblad Slian

xelisgulebs.);

b) erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi araverbaluri

signalia, xelisguliT gadacemuli informacia. (arsebobs

xelisgulis sami umTavresi mdgomareoba: xelisguli

zeviTken, xelisguli qveviTken da Cveneba TiTiT.

xelisguli zeviTken niSnavs Txovnas, xelisguli qveviTken

– brZanebiTi kiloa; erTad Setyupebuli TiTebi da

win gaSverili saCvenebeli TiTi Taviseburi xeljoxia,

romelic moiTxovs daqvemdebarebas.);

g) damSvidobebis niSnad xelis daqneva;

maia lipartiani

159

d) gadaWdobili TiTebi megobrobis niSnad;

g) Tavis mdablad daxra, odnav modrekili figura –

RmrTis nebisadmi morCilebis niSnad;

d) miTiTeba mbrZanebluri intonaciiT;

g) xelebis erTmaneTze gasma mowonebis niSnad;

d)kovboelis poza da qalis seqsualuri

ganwyobileba.

es – satelevizio vesternebis gmiri kovboebis erT-

erTi yvelaze saxasiaTo pozaa, romelic maT simamacesa da

ukandauxevlobas gamoxatavs. xelebi moqmedebisken arian

mimarTulni da, qamars ukan gadayofilni, xazs usvamen

mflobelis potenciur seqsualur aqtivobas. mamakacebi

am JestiT sxva mamakacebs TavianT uSiSrobas umtkiceben,

xolo qalebs aimedeben, rom maT ZaluZT maTze batonoba!

es Jesti adre mamakacebis kuTvnileba iyo, magram mas

Semdeg, rac qalebma daiwyes Sarvlebisa da jinsebis Cacma,

isinic iyeneben – zustad imave mizniT – qamars ukan

gadayofili TiTiT isini xazs usvamen TavianT seqsualur

ganwyobilebas.

e) doinjSemoyrili qalebis TviTdajerebuli poza;

rodesac bavSvi emzadeba mSoblebTan sakamaTod,

sportsmeni – metoqesTan Sesabmelad, parlamentari

– tribunaze asasvlelad – isini ikeTeben doinjs.

es aris agresiis, brZolisaTvis mzaobis gamoxatvis

yvelaze TvalnaTeli Jesti; mizanmimarTuli da

dabrkolebebis gadalaxvisaTvis ganwyobili mebrZoli

suliskveTebiT aRZruli adamianis qcevis manera. Tu

mamakaci am Jests xmarobs qalis kompaniaSi, amiT axdens

seqsualuri gamowvevis araorazrovan demonstracias.

sagulisxmoa, rom frinvelebi afxoraven frTebs, didebi

rom gamoCndnen, rodesac ZiZgilaoben an dedlisTvis

eqiSpebian erTmaneTs – adamianebic Semoirtyamen xolme

doinjs, raTa ufro moematoT gani da moculoba – es

aris sxva mamakacebis araverbaluri gamowveva, romlebic


160

arRveven maT teritorialur uflebebs. rigi atributebi,

tansacmelTan dakavSirebiT, azustebs ama Tu im Strixebs

– gaxsnili pijaki (saidanac moCans gaxsnili gulmkerdi

da yeli – simboluri miniSneba simamaceze) da gaCaCxuli

fexebi, miT ufro, roca cera TiTebi qamris ukan aris

gadayofili – es aris seqsualuri agresiis poza.

agresiuli mzaobis Jestebs iyeneben profesionali

manekeneebic, imis xazgasasmelad, rom maTi tanisamosi

gankuTvnilia Tanamedrove agresiuli, saqmiani qalisaTvis

– am dros erTi xeli rom barZayzea dadoinjebuli, meore

SeiZleba sul sxvadasxva adgilze edos an esvenos.

aseve cnobier doneze: Rimili niSnavs – keTilganwyobas,

Sublis SeWmuxvna – mwuxarebas; Tavis daqneva – Tanxmobas,

gaqneva – uaryofas da sxv.

qvemoT ki movuxmobT pirobiTi da gacnobierebuli

Jestebis analogebs,

romlebsac dasabamidan iyeneben klasikuri cekvebisa

da baletis Semsruleblebi:

pirobiTi Jestebi cekvis enaze mocekvave gogonasaTvis

(gnebavT, balerinisTvis) gamoisaxebian Semdegnairad:

a) „miyvarxar“ - ori mityupebuli TiTi miaqvs

tuCebTan, yurebTan, gulTan;

b) „msurxar“ - xelebs swevs maRla yurebis donemde,

ise, rom Tavisken aqvs xelisgulebi da Semdeg Seatrialebs

maT sawinaaRmdego mxares;

g) zemoT amarTuli xelisgulebi - gulwrfeloba;

d) aweuli mxrebi, gaxsnili xelebis Tanmxlebi

JestiT - gulubryviloba, naturis gaxsniloba;

e) xelis mtevnis zurgis gasma nikapze - male miReba

gadawyvetilebis;

v) fexiT iatakze bakuni, Tavi dayrdnobilia

xelisgulze - mowyena, mouTmenloba;

z) gverdze gaxedva - undobloba;

T) xelisguli zemoT _ damokidebulebiTi

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161

gadawyvetilebis miRebis mzaoba;

i) xelebis neli aweva yelisaken - Sinagani

Tavdajerebulobis mopoveba;

gacnobierebuli araverbaluri qoreografiuli

Jestebis magaliTad Cvens mier SeTanadebulia Semdegi

moqmedebebi:

a) Tavis moZraoba - mayureblis emociebTan

Sesabamisoba;

b) „madlobeli var“ - mitrialdeba sayvareli

adamianisaken da xelis mtevnebs, romelTa xelisgulebi

Tavisken hqonda mibrunebuli, misken miaqcevs TavdaxrasTan

erTad.

g) mxrebis moZraoba - gapranWva;

d) mkerdis moZraoba - emociebi, gamowveva;

e) Semparavi siaruli - koketoba, flirti;

v) mkerdze gadajvaredinebuli xelebi - Tavdacva;

z) muStad Sekruli xelebi - TavdacviTi reaqcia,

SurisZiebis survili;

T) xeli loyaze - Cafiqreba, meocnebeoba;

i) nikapi eyrdnoba cersa da Sua TiTs, saCvenebeli

loyazea - molodini, gadawyvetilebis miReba;

k) daxrili Tavi - yuradReba;

l) TiTebis wverebiT odnavi Sexeba warbebs Soris -

Cafiqreba (Tvalebis daxuWva);

m) Tmebze xelis gadasma, sarkis win triali, TeZoebis

rxeva - koxtaoba, flirti;

n) xelebi TeZoebze - Tavdajereba;

o) xelisgulebi mkerdis doneze, Semdeg iSlebian win

- mowyalebis mvedrebeli Jesti (erTi xeli gawvdilia,

meores gulze idebs _ „mTeli guliT da suliT“);

p) xelebi SeerTebulia zurgs ukan _ sakuTari

upiratesobis demonstrireba.1

pirobiTi da cnobieri Jestebis doneze SeiZleba

1 Язык танца http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/1742970/page1.shtml uka-nasknelad iqna gadamowmebuli - 17. 09. 2011.


162

zemoT ukve aRniSnuli ezoTeruli da magiasTan wilnayari

cekvebis ganmarteba:

cnobil indur cekvaSi Siva iTavsebs RmerTis moqmedebis

xuT saxeobas: Siva qmnis samyaros (dafdafi erT-erT

marjvena xelSi); amkvidrebs mis arsebobas (meore marjvena

xelis Jesti, abhai-mudra); aqcevs ferflad (cecxlis

ena, erT-erTi marcxena xelSi), iZleva ganTavisuflebas,

moqSas – miwidan zeaweuli fexi, romelzec miuTiTebs

meore marcxena xeli. umsubuqebs xvedrs jaWviT gadabmul

sulTa sansarebs (meore, miwaze mdgomi fexi). Siva

cecxlis aliT aris garSemortymuli, romelic kosmosSi

cirkulirebad maradiul energias ganasaxierebs. amitomac

aRmosavleTSi cekva miCneulia RvTaebriv movlenad,

romelic adamianma miiRo zenaarisgan. sanskritulSi

„cekva“ da „drama“ erTi da igive sityviT – „natiaTi“

aRiniSneba, rac gulisxmobs am cnebaTa ganuyoflobas,

xolo uZvelesi cekvebis aseve uZvelesi aRmosavluri

cneba „nrita“ gulisxmobs cekvas cekvisaTvis – rodesac

mocekvave mTlianad iZireba musikasa da ritmSi.1

sufiur ezoTerikaSi – Semdegnairad xasiaTdeba

derviSis moZraobebis simbolika: pirveli faza

aris SekumSviTi – derviSi iwyebs cekvas gulze

gadajvaredinebuli xelebiT, rac niSnavs daRmavali da

aRmavali grigalebis SeerTebas gulSi. misi marcxena

fexi myarad dgas miwaze, rac uZrav RerZs ganasaxierebs.

marjvena fexis moZraobiT is iwyebs moZraobas sakuTari

RerZis irgvliv, amave dros, Tavis megobrebTan erTad

moZraobs centraluri mzis – lideri derviSis garSemo.

is TandaTanobiT Slis gadajvaredinebul xelebs da

Tavs xris marjvena mxrisaken, maRla swevs marjvena

xels, romelic cnobierebas ganasaxierebs, raTa miiRos

RvTaebrivi emanacia da dabla swevs marcxenas, raTa

daubrunos Tavisi niWi dedamiwas. is TandaTanobiT ufro

1 Субрамуниясвами Садгуру Шивайя Танец с Шивой. Современный катехизис индуизма, Москва , 2001, с. 49 – 51

maia lipartiani

163

swraf-swrafad trialebs, imis surviliT, rom am trialiT

daakavSiros erTmaneTTan ca da dedamiwa – sakuTar

TavSi gaataros suli miwisaken, im dros, rodesac misi

RerZi da guli rCebian savsebiT mSvid mdgomareobaSi,

xolo misi suli aRzevdeba RvTaebrivi sawyisisaken. rac

ufro metia eqstazi, miT metia misi eqspansia da miT

ufro faSfaSebs misi qveda bolo. rodesac orive misi

xeli zeaRimarTeba cisken, es imis niSania, rom kavSiri

mis gulSi, (romelic dafiqsirebulia sulis SekumSviT

materiaSi, gadajvaredinebuli xelebis mdgomareobaSi),

aRwevs umaRles eqspansias (materiisa sulSi) xelebisa

da qveda bolos sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT trialis

meoxebiT – es aris RvTaebrivi kavSiris netarebis

garegnuli gamoxatuleba, misi gulis sruli siCumis

pirobebSi.1

3. alan pizis saxasiaTo Jestebidan Cven sagangebod

gamovyofT maT iseT gamovlinebebs, romlebic, arc pirobiTi

xasiaTiT da, arc arqetipuli tradiciiT, ar Tavsdebian

iolad amosacnobTa siaSi da maTSi Cadebuli qaragmebi

moiTxoven seriozulsa da mraval cdispirze gamocdil

amokiTxvas. vnaxoT, TviT avtori rogor axerxebs am

poziciidan daskvnebis dafiqsirebas. rogor xdeba

adamianis aracnobieri motivaciebis gamxela sxeulis

mimikis, Jestisa da moZraobebis magaliTze. sxvadasxva

SemTxvevaSi – magaliTod, adamianis damokidebuleba sxva

adamianis mimarT aracnobier doneze SeiZleba dadgindes

urTierTobis dros misken mimarTuli mzeriT.

saqmiani mzera. warmovidginoT, rom Cvens pirispir

myofi adamianis Sublze gamosaxulia samkuTxedi. im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu mzera ar Cascdeba am samkuTxeds, saubari

warimarTeba saqmian tonSi da seriozul atmosferoSi.

socialuri mzera. Tu mzera Cascdeba Subls da mTel

pirisaxes moicavs, maSin sufevs socialuri urTierTobis

1 Джилл Перс Мистическая спираль Издательство: Чертановская типо-графия, 2001. с. 59–61


164

atmosfero – am mzeris dros samkuTxedi kravs Subls

qvemoT Tvalebsa da piris midamoebs.

intimuri mzera. am mzeris dros mxedvelobis

are moicavs Subls qvemoT mTel pirisaxes da Cadis

qvemoT, mTeli sxeulisaken – mkerdisa da muclis qveda

areebisaken – zogjer, gansakuTrebuli urcxvobisas,

amboben rom mavani „mzeriT aSiSvlebs adamians“. imisda

mixedviT, Tu ra mizanmimarTuleba aqvs ori adamianis

TvalebiT saubars, sxvadasxva sqesis, socialuri wris

Tu asakis adamianebi iyeneben komunikaciis ama Tu im

formas.

rac Seexeba sagangebod intimur qaragmebs, aq sruliad

gansakuTrebuli idumali faqtorebi modian moqmedebaSi:

potenciur seqsualur partniors qali periodulad

uCvenebs Tavisi majebis Txelsa da naz kans. majebis are

odiTganve iTvleba erT-erTi yvelaze ufro gamokveTil

erogenul zonad. (mivaqcioT yuradReba qarTuli cekvis

dros, qalis majebis narnar demonstrirebas mamakacisaTvis).

rodesac qali urTierTobs mamakacTan, igi qvecnobierad

cdilobs sakuTari xelisgulebi iqonios mis mxedvelobis

areSi. mwevel qals msgavs moqmedebas uadvilebs

sigareti, mowevis procesSi. majebis demonstracia

da Tmis kululebis aseve demonstratiuli gadayra,

homoseqsualistebis safirmo niSanicaa, romlebic, qalis

rolis Sesrulebisas, axdenen maTi manerebis kopirebas.

zeaweuli momrgvalebuli mxris gadaRmidan mzeriT, qali

axdens sakuTarive mkerdis imitacias. qvemoT, suraTze

qals gafarToebuli aqvs Tvalis gugebi da misi iribi

faruli mzera (rodesac igi odnav daweuli quTuToebiT

umzers mamakacs im dromde, vidre igi ar daiWers mis

gamoxedvas da mere uecrad gverdze gaixedavs) aris

qalis wamqezebeli Jesti, romelic mamakacis monusxvas

emsaxureba. Tmebis aqneva, iribi gamoxedva, xelovnurad

Seyovnebuli mzera, ukan gadagdebuli Tavi, gaSiSvlebuli

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165

majebi, cilindruli formis sxeulis tuCebiT Wera –

yvelaferi qalis intimuri urTierTobis mimarT mzaobas,

ndomasa da vnebian wadils gamoxatavs.

aracnobier doneze garegnoba, gamometyveleba, xelebis

daxmareba – qmnis mravalferovan gamomsaxvelobiT

qaragmul niSans, romelic adamianis arasandoobas

asaxavs.

sicruis Jestebi – pirze xelis afareba, cxvirze

xelis mideba, quTuTos sresa, yuris fxana; xelebi zurgs

ukan, jibeebSi Cawyobili, mkerdze gadajvaredinebuli –

faruli sicrue, cbieroba, dapirispirebuloba. rodesac

vcruobT, an sxvis sicrues vismenT – xelebiT vifaravT

bageebs, Tvalebs da yurebs. roca bavSvi cruobs, ifaravs

bageebs, raTa iqidan cru sityvebi ar gamoxtnen. roca

ramis mosmena ar surs, yurebs icobs TiTebiT; roca

danaxva ar unda, Tvalebze ifarebs xels. mozrdil asakSi

yvela es qmedeba rCeba adamians aracnobieris doneze.

gadajvaredinebuli TiTebi pirisaxis doneze –

ganxiblva da uaryofiTi damokidebulebis damalvis

survili. cxvirze xelis mokideba – sicruis laparaki

an mosmena, quTuTos sresa; tuCis kuTxiT Rimili; yuris

bibilos sresa, yuris bibilos daxurva – mosasmeni

moismina, axla Tavad surs azris gamoTqma. kisris fxana

yurs qvemoT – ar var darwmunebuli, rom geTanxmebiT.

rodesac adamiani malavs sinamdviles, SeuZlia xelebi

Caiwyos jibeebSi, an gadaijvaredinos. Tu bavSvi malavs –

xelebi zurgs ukan miaqvs. jibeebidan amoyofili cerebi

– dominantoba, damalvis survili arsebul situaciaSi.

rodesac adamianebi gulaxdilni da gulmarTalni arian,

isini gaucnobiereblad Slian xelisgulebs. alternativis

saxiT fsiqologiuri dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom, rodesac

bavSvi cruobs an raRacas malavs, is xelisgulebs

zurgsukan malavs.

Tvalebma SeiZleba moityuon da bageebi gascemen


166

adamians – naTeli Tvalebi da mtacebluri bageebi. umanko

Tvalebi da garyvnili bageebi. ironiulad CaiRimon, tuCis

kuTxe daeSvas dacinviT an SiSiT Sepyrobili, simwrisagan

moikvnitos, sibrazisagan daeWimos.

Tuki mravali saukunis win mamakacebi SetevisTvis

iyenebdnen maxvils, xolo TavdacvisaTvis – fars, dRes

skamis sazurge SesaniSnavad SeiZleba gamoadgeT TavdacviT

saSualebad da aqcion isini agresiul meomrebad.

am SemTxvevaSi skami Tavisuflad asrulebs cxenis

movaleobasac. ase sxedan madominirebeli tipis adamianebi,

romlebic miCveulni arian sxvebze mbrZaneblobas.

rodesac qals ukavia dacviTi-seqsualuri pozicia, igi

zis mWidrod gadajvaredinebuli fexebiT; rodesac mis

TvalsawierSi mamakaci ar aris, qalis fexebi avtomaturad

iSleba, imisda miuxedavad, dgas qali Tu zis. Tu qali

keTilad aris sawinaaRmdego sqesis warmomadgenlisadmi

ganwyobili, mas SeuZlia daikavos erTi araformalur

pozaTagani da misi muxlisTavi miqceuli iqneba im

pirovnebisadmi, vis mimarTac amJRavnebs simpaTias;

Tu qals fexi fexze aqvs gadadebuli da, amasTanave,

wamocmul fexsacmels zeviT-qveviT amoZravebs, mas amiT

seqsualobis demonstrireba da intimuri aqtisken

miswrafebis gamovlena surs.

aracnobier Jestebs Soris Cvens mier xazgasmulad

da sadiferenciod gamoiyofa qcevis sami sxvadasxva

modeli: a) mzaddeba gadawyvetileba, b) gadawyvetileba

miRebulia g) arsebuli viTareba iwvevs SfoTsa da

mRelvarebas pirovnebaSi.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis win:

nikapis gaucnobierebeli wvaleba, tuCebSi gaCrili

saTvalis fexi, Spilis saxiT SeerTebuli TiTebi

miuTiTebs rTulad mimdinare procesebze gadawyvetilebis

miRebamde;

doinjSemoyrili mamakaci da savarZlidan asadgomad

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167

SemarTuli ymawvili miuTiTeben gareSeT, rom

gadawyvetileba miRebulia.

xolo SfoTsa da mRelvarebas gascems:

pirTan midebuli TiTi – SeTamamebis Txovna, daxmarebis

da mxardaWeris; gulze gadajvaredinebuli xelebi –

sakuTar TavSi ar aris darwmunebuli, ver grZnobs Tavs

daculad.

gadajvaredinebuli xelebi SiSisa da SfoTis

maCvenebelia, xolo arasruli gadajvaredineba (rodesac

erTi xeli sxeulis gaswvriv iWers meores), qmnis

damcav bariers. aseT barierebs iqmnian adamianebi ucxo

gareSe pirTa garemocvaSi, rodesac akliaT jerovani

Tavdajerebuloba.

arasruli barieris kidev erTi saxea e. w. sakuTari

Tavis `xelSi ayvana“. igi axasiaTebs didi auditoriis

win mdgom adamianebs, rodesac sityva aqvT warmosaTqmeli,

an, roca emzadebian sajarod jildos misaRebad. es Jesti

adamians aniWebs emociur usafrTxoebas, imis msgavss,

rogorsac ganicdida bavSvobaSi, rodesac mSoblebs

hqondaT maTTvis CaWidebuli xeli, moaxloebuli

safrTxis gancdisas.

SeiZleba sul mciredi iyos gansxvaveba zurgsukan

xelis xelTan gadaadgilebaSi, magram radikalurad

sxvadasxvas niSnavdes – xelis mtevnebi gadaWdobilni

arian erTmaneTze – simtkicea, xelis mtevani mklavs

ebRauWeba – Tavdaujerebloba!

rodesac qals ukavia xelSi raime sagani (CanTa, safule)

– es, upirveles yovlisa, aris misi Tavdacva arsebuli

uxerxuli mdgomareobidan RirsebiT gamosasvlelad.

Jesti, romelic gamoixateba erTi fexis terfis

dafiqsirebaSi meore fexis wvivze, mTlianad qalebis

moqmedebis arsenalSi Sedis. erTi fexis terfi

gareSemoeWdoba meore fexs da qmnis damcav pozicias.

fsiqologiis enaze qali simbolurad iketeba sakuTar


168

TavSi, rogorc ku Tavis javSanSi; fexebis gadajvaredineba,

xelebis da fexebis erTdrouli gadajvaredineba –

„ormagi boqlomia“, rac gulisxmobs pirovnebis TavdacviTi

funqciebis gaZlierebas da qalis SemTxvevaSi, sagangebo

zomebis miRebas seqsualuri agresiis winaaRmdeg; majis

Sesakravebis wesrigSi moyvana, halstuxis wvaleba da

misT. aaSkaravebs SeniRbul gancdebsa da nerviulobas,

raime sapasuxismgeblo movlenis win; xolo ararsebuli

bususebis tansacmlidan mocilebis mcdeloba axasiaTebT

adamianebs, romelTac surT sakuTari azris gamoTqma da

raime mizezis gamo ver bedaven da a.S.

gamorCeviT warmodgenili yvela zemomoyvanili

magaliTi mowmobs, rom TiToeul maneras, Jests, mimikas

– sxeulis moZraobis ama Tu im formas, mkacrad

Sesatyvisi fsiqologiuri datvirTva gaaCnia, rasac

xelovnebis sferoSi dasaqmebuli adamianebisaTvis

SesaniSnavi gzamkvlevis rolis Sesruleba xelewifeba,

rogorc araverbaluri qaragmebisa da simboloebis

tradiciuli gaazrebisTvis, aseve – maTi axleburi

interpretaciisaTvis.

maia lipartiani

169

magistrantTa

samecniero statiebi*

* naSromebi ibeWdeba programis xelmZRvanelebis rekomendaciiT.

statiis stili daculia.

170

171

nato mdinaraZe,


saxelmwifo universitetis tele-kino produsingis

mimarTulebis magistranti

xelmZRvaneli - asoc. prof. eliso erisTavi

seriali televiziebSi

sanaxaobiTi kulturis vizualuri xelovnebis formebi

– kino da televizia XX saukuneSi aRmocenda da Tavisi

warmoSobisTanave iqca sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis Zlier

iaraRad. Cemi naSromis mizania teleserialebis rogorc

sazogadoebaze gavlenis mosaxdeni erT-erTi saSvalebis

produsingis zogadi analizi.

gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi bevri proeqti, romelic

radios bazaze Seiqmna da msmenelebSi didi popularobiT

sargeblobda, gadavida televiziaSi.

televiziis ganviTarebas dro sWirdeboda, teqnikuri

saSualebebi mcire iyo, is proeqtebi ki, romelsac radios

saSualebiT icnobda xalxi, sruli saxis miRebamde,

droTa ganmavlobaSi ixveweboda. yvelaze martivad ki,

reklamebi da axali ambebi, egreT wodebuli `niusebi~

moergo teleformats.

Cemi naSromis amocanas serialis produsingis

kvleva warmoadgens. is pirvelad amerikaSi Seiqmna da

komerciuli datvirTva hqonda. mauwyeblebis mizani

iyo, qalebisaTvis regularulad, sasiamovno, martivad

aRsaqmeli siuJeti SeeTavazebinaT, raTa paralelurad

diasaxlisebs saojaxo saqme ekeTebinaT, Tan sarecxi

saSualebis reklama enaxaT. swored amitom jer kidev

radioSi ewoda serials `sapnis opera~.

`sapnis operebis~ farTo warmoeba ganapiroba im

faqtma, rom Zalzed mcire biujetiania, ar moiTxovs

teqnikur sirTuleebs, moqmedeba ZiriTadad interierSi

172

nato mdinaraZe

xdeba da siuJeti dialogebzea agebuli. struqtura ki

xangrZlivi Cvenebis procesTanaa dakavSirebuli. radgan

maTi warmoeba ar moiTxovs did finansur saxsrebs, amitom

amerikis garda es saxeoba swrafad asimilirda sxvadasxva

qveynebSi da dReisaTvis misi mwarmoeblebi, iseTi Raribi

qveynebi arian, rogoricaa brazilia, kolumbia, argentina,

venesuela da a. S., albaT, am faqtma ganapiroba Cvens

realobaSic serialebis farTo gavrceleba da qarTuli

analogebi. Cveni qarTuli mauwyeblebis saeTero badec

uxvadaa gajerebuli am produqciiT. moTxovna imdenad

didia, rom mTlianad dakavebuli aqvs yvelaze Zvirad

Rirebuli dro, egreT wodebuli “Prime Time”.Cemi azriT, seriali, maSin asrulebs Tavis daniSnulebas

Tu is, nebismier wertilSi CarTvisas axerxebs mayureblis

`dabmas~, anu, aqvs aramc Tu seriaTa Soris da Sidaseriuli

intriga, aramed Sida epizoduri da Sida kadrulic ki.

serialis uwyveti seriebi, mayurebels aiZulebs

mudmivad adevnos Tvali maT, es reklamis mimwodeblebis

interesebSic Sedis. garTobis garantia ki dramaturgiuli

struqturaa. amitom serialebs axasiaTebs Txrobis

kulminaciur momentSi Sewyveta. es yovelive ki, mayureblis

cnobismoyvareobas aaqtiurebs da aiZulebs momdevno

seriis yurebas. yvela epizodi mTavrdeba dapirebiT, rom

Txrobis xazi sxva epizodSi ganviTardeba.

televiziis yurebadoba mTel msoflioSi Zalian didia.

mravali televizia did finansebs flobs, ris gamoc

serialebi Janrobrivad ganviTarda. monapovrebi yofis

yvela Temas Seexo, ramac TavisTavad reklamis mozidvas

xeli Seuwyo da seriali finansebis Semomtani gaxda.

amitomac dRes seriali Janrobrivad da Tvisebrivad

sanaxaobis did speqtrs exeba, rac telebadis Sevsebasa

da finansur mogebas exmareba.

Zalze popularulia deteqtiuri Janri, romelic

aseve radiodan modis, televiziaSi ki, profesiis, am

173

SemTxvevaSi policiis popularizaciis funqciac

SeiTavsa. magaliTad: seriali `saidumlo masalebi~

(reJisori da produseri kris karteri). igive SeiZleba

iTqvas serialze ̀ saswrafo~ (reJisori maikl kreitoni),

romelic saavadmyofos mimRebi ganyofilebis eqimebisa

da personalis cxovrebas asaxavs. seriali 15 sezons

moicavs da yvelaze didi samedicino dramaa amerikis

teleistoriaSi. ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom serialis

esoden didi popularoba msaxiob jorj klunis didi

damsaxurebacaa.

aseve aRsaniSnavia seriali `taqsi~ (ideis avtori

da reJisori jeims bruksi), sadac avtomobilebis

reklama xdeba da aseve uxvadaa naCvenebi kaskadioruli

xelovneba. profesiebis popularobis Janris serialebi

moicavs yvela im profesias, romelic riskis faqtorTanaa

dakavSirebuli.

fantastikis Tematika metad popularulia,

romlis ganxorcieleba teqnologiur sirTuleebTanaa

dakavSirebuli. vinaidan amerikuli kinowarmoeba Tavisi

ganviTarebis procesSi am Tematikas did yuradRebas aqcevs

da maTi teqnologiuri miRwevebi amis saSualebas iZleva

televiziebSic am Janris serialebis gamoCena logikuria.

magaliTad: aRsaniSnavia seriali `dakargulebi~ (avtori

jefri liberi), ramelmac Cemi azriT ar gaamarTla,

magram mayurebelTa did raodenobas es Janri itacebs da

televiziebs uxdebaT maTi interesebis dakmayofileba.

seriali avia katastrofis Sedegad gadarCenili mgzavrebis

yofas mogviTxrobs ukacriel kunZulze. serialis erTi

seriis gadaReba daaxloebiT 2 mln. dolari dajda.

romantiuli da saTavgadasavlo Janri xelovnebasa da

literaturaSi Zalian popularulia, amitom logikuria

misi gamoCena ekranze. es Janri gavrcelebulia msoflios

bevr qveyanaSi da am mimarTulebiT mravali seriali

Seiqmna. magaliTad: `seqsi did qalaqSi~ (avtori daren


174

nato mdinaraZe

sTari), `sasowarkveTili diasaxlisebi~ (avtori mark

Ceri, produseri lari Sou), romelTa TiTo sezonis

gadaReba daaxloebiT 65-70 mln. dolari dajda.

aseve uxvadaa serialebi teqnologiuri da SemecnebiTi

Tematikis. es ukanasknelni adamianis ganaTlebis sferos

miekuTneba. msgavsi mimarTuleba mravali profesionali

mecnieris dakavebas moiTxovs, dakavSirebulia mravali

magaliTis mowodebis sirTulesTanac, rac biujetTan

pirdapir kavSirSia. amgvari proeqtebis warmoebiT

msoflioSi liderobs britanuli kompania BBC da misi produqcia mravladaa iseT arxebze, rogoricaa:

Discovery, Animal planet, National Geographic da a.S.. maTze daxarjuli xarjebi ki, kompensirdeba RirebulebiT,

vinaidan am proeqtebs yidulobs msoflios mravali

televizia. aseve maTi SeZeniT dainteresebulni arian

saswavlo dawesebulebebi saswavlo daniSnulebiT.

msoflioSi metad popularulia situaciuri

komedia anu “sitcoms”. am Janris namuSevrebi, sityviis mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, yofiTi Tematikis komediuri

mowodebaa da es mayureblebSi yovelTvis moTxovnadi

iyo. amis gamocdileba, rogorc radioSi, aseve kinoSi,

daixvewa da televiziaSi organulad Caewera. magaliTad:

yvelasaTvis cnobili amerikuli `megobrebi~ (avtori d.

kreini, m. kaufmani). msoflio televiziebi gajerebulia

am JanriT, radgan yofiT sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba da ufro

popularulia vidre odesRac `sapnis operebi~.

saqarTveloSi serialebi 90-ian wlebSi gamoCnda da

dRemde mzardi popularobiT sargeblobs. amerikuli

produqciis Cveneba Cvens ekranze naklebad xdeba, radgan

kanoniT maTi dublireba ikrZaleba. masa ki meqnikur

stilistikasaa miCveuli da subtitrebi misTvis

damRlelia. swored, amitom, mkveTrad daeca amerikuli

serialebis reitingi da mauwyeblebic aRar riskaven mis

yidvas. subtitrebi moqmedebs mayureblis aRqmaze da

175

Sesabamisad reitingze. mauwyebeli yidulobs serials

romelsac moaqvs reklama, reklama ki, statistikuri

monacemebiT moaqvs telenovelas, anu, `sapnis operas~,

romlebsac ZiriTadad laTinoamerikuli qveynebi

awarmoeben.

rac Seexeba amerikul, mxatvrulad ufro Rirebul

produqcias, saqarTveloSi maTi Cvenebis Taviseburi

manera Camoyalibda. amerikelebi kviraSi serialis erT

epizods uSveben da mayurebels misi molodini aqvs.

saqarTveloSi ki, roca amerikuli serialebi axali xili

iyo, yidulobdnen ramdenime sezons da uSvebdnen yoveldRe.

aman ar gaamarTla, radgan mayureblis interesis mixedviT

yoveldRiuri mozidva Zalian rTulia. es maTi mxridan

bevr Tavisufal dros moiTxovs, xolo intervalis gazrda

seriebs Soris TavisTavad mayureblis raodenobasac

zrdis. es yovelive mzardi proporciiT televiziis

SemosavalTanaa dakavSirebuli. igive problema qarTul

serialebsac Seexo. magaliTad: serial `Cemi colis

daqalebis~ reJisors, giorgi lifonavas, xSirad smenia

pretenzia, Tu ratom ar gadioda ufro meti seeria

kviraSi,xolo seriebis damatebis Semdeg serialis

xarisxi da aseve yurabadoba sagrZnoblad daeca.

saqarTveloSi, aseve Zalian popularulia amerikuli

“sitcoms”-is qarTul realobas morgebuli formatebi.

dabali reitingi aqvT amerikul situaciur komediebs,

radgan iumoris sxva garemoze gadmotana rTulia, Tan

rogorc aRvniSne subtitrebis problemacaa. isini

amerikul situaciasaa morgebuli da sufTa amerikuli

Sida moxmarebis produqtia. amitom, saqarTveloSi,

iReben amerikul “sitcoms” da argeben qarTul realobas.

aseTi tipis serialebze moTxovna Zalian didia, magram

radgan adgilobrivi warmoeba Zviri jdeba, bevri ver

keTdeba. magaliTad, amerikaSi popularuli - `friendsi~

- satelevizio badeSi aris 7-8-saaTian zonaSi, mis


176

nato mdinaraZe

qarTul analogs - `Sua qalaqSi~ - am zonaSi ver

gauSveben, radgan reklama naklebia. amas garda, qarTuli

“sitcoms”-is Semqmnelebi iZulebulebi arian, TiTo an

ori seria gauSvan kviraSi, rac mijaWvulobas ar iwvevs.

qarTuli analogebi xSir SemTxvevaSi mdare xarisxis

da iumorisaa. ZiriTadad axalgazrdebzea gaTvlili,

aqcentia adamianebze, romlebic sulelis rolis TamaSiT

axerxeben mayureblis gacinebas. es ukanaskneli ki

saocar zegavlenas axdens dRevandeli axalgazrdebis

qcevasa da leqsikaze. yuradsaRebia aseve sareklamo

Wrebis xangrZlioba. xSirad is 15 wuTs aWarbebs, rac

sagrZnoblad amcirebs serialebis yurebadobas qarTul

ekranebze. am mxriv vfiqrob aucilebelia balansis

daregulireba.

pirveli qarTuli mxatruli seriali `saxli Zvel

ubanSi~ fantastikuri Janris gaxldaT, romelic 1994

wels gamovida ekranze. amis Semdeg iyo garkveuli

wyveta. Semdeg qarTuli serialebis warmoebaSi pionerad

telekompania ̀ imedi~ gvevlineba. adgilobrivi produqcia

gacilebiT reitinguli aRmoCnda vidre nebismieri zemoT

CamoTvlili amerikuli seriali saqarTveloSi. isini

yovelTvis uwevdnen konkurencias amerikul serialebsac

ki, Tumca maTi gadaReba patara qveynebisTvis Zviri

siamovnebaa. TiTo seria daaxloebiT 10 000-12 000

dolari jdeba. rTulia àmoiRos Tavisi Tavi ~, rigi

mizezebis gamo Znelia maTi saerTaSoriso bazarze gatana,

amitom qarTuli serialebis warmoebis dafinanseba sxva

kompaniebis mier iSviaTia. maT ZiriTadad telekompania

afinansebs, proeqts ki zogjer gadamRebi jgufi awvdis

magaliTad `yava da ludi~, `Cemi colis daqalebi~. rac

Seexeba Sinaarsobriv kuTxes, aqac amerikul analogebTan

gvaqvs saqme. ̀ imedis~ seriali ̀ gogona gareubnidan~ - ̀ uSno

betis~ formatia, rac araerT qveyanas aqvs gakeTebuli.

xolo `Cemi colis daqalebi~-s SemTxvevaSi, paralelebs

177

serialebTan - `seqsi did qalaqSi~ da `sasowarkveTili

diasaxlisebi~ - avleben. Tumca, SemoqmedebiTi jgufebi

miiCneven, rom dasaxelebuli amerikuli serialebi, im

konkretuli qveynis adamianebs, iqaur situaciebs da

problemebs asaxavs, eseni ki, qarTul realobas aris

morgebuli.

e. w. vertikaluri seriali, romelic damoukidebeli

ambebisgan Sedgeba, arc saqarTvelosTvis aris ucxo.

serialiSi `yava da ludi~ - hqondaT erT, or, sam da

oTx seriani ambebi. Tavad seriali originaluri iyo,

Tumca, inspiracia ramdenime deteqtivma moaxdina. am

serialSi aqcenti gmirebze keTdeboda, yoveli seria

iyo dasrulebuli da meore epizodSi sxva siuJeti

viTardeboda, am wyebas ki, ramdenime gmiri da saerTo

profesia aerTianebda. es exeboda `cxel ZaRlsac~.

bolo periodSi ki es tendencia Seicvala da dRevandel

serialebs konkretuli siuJeti, an intriga ara aqvT.

isini ubralod, mxiaruli, realisturi serialebia da

Tbilisur cxovrebas asaxavs.

qarTul tele-sivrceSi zogjer Tavad televizia

iCens iniciativas. amis magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos

telekompania пик-is inciativa rusulenovani deteqtiuri

Janris serialis gadaRebisa. is gaTvlilia rusulenovan

qarTvel mayurebelze, romelic savaraudod eTerSi

momavali sezonidan gava. proeqtis xelmZRvaneli Cem

mier zemoT CamoTvlili serialebis `cxeli ZaRli~,

`yava da ludi~, aseve `Tendeba gvian~, `qaRaldis tyvia~,

`mglebis xorumis~ mTavari produseri oTar SamaTavaa.

misi azriT qarTuli serialebis finansuri mogebisaTvis,

maTi sazRvrebs gareT gatanaa aucilebeli. amisaTvis

ki gayidvebis winaswar dagegmarebaa saWiro. am mxriv

yvelaze warmatebuli `cxeli ZaRli~ aRmoCnda, romlis

realizacia 12 qveyanaSi moxda. aseve damatebiTi mogeba

moaqvs serialebis ganmeorebiT Cvenebebs garkveuli


178

periodis Semdeg da Tu seriali xarisxiania, is wlebis

Semdegac kargad iyideba.

nato mdinaraZe

179

evelina menTeSaSvili,


saxelmwifo universitetis magistranti

xelmZRvaneli - asoc. prof. eliso erisTavi

eqstremaluri Jurnalistika da

TviTprodiusingi cxel wertilebSi

ra aris eqstrimi? esaa situacia, romelic drois

minimalur monakveTSi maqsimalur moqmedebas moiTxovs.

swrafi azrovneba da eqstremalur situaciaSi

TviTprodiusingi is unarCvevebia, romelic eqstremalur

Jurnalistikasa da prodiusings Wirdeba.

Cemi naSromis mizania, gagacnoT is wesebi, romelsac

mediaeqspertebma oqros wesebi uwodes. es unarCvevebi

drom gamocada da sxvis Secdomebze swavlas hgavs.

rac naklebi ici, miT ufro naklebad geSinia omis, _ es

sakuTar gamocdilebaze dayrdnobili Teoriaa.

istorikosebisa da sociologebis azriT, axali

ambavi adamianis ZiriTad impulss akmayofilebs. adamians

yovelTvis ainteresebs, ra xdeba iq, sadac TviTon ar

aris.

Jurnalistika aris sistema, romelsac sazogadoeba

qmnis axali ambebis mosapoveblad da sxva socialur

institutebTan erTad misi daniSnulebaa sazogadoebis

marTvaSi monawileobis miReba.

mediaeqspertebis bil kovaCis da tom rozenstilis

saxelmZRvaneloSi „Jurnalistikis elementebi~

Camoyalibebulia Jurnalistikis ZiriTadi principebi.

pirveli principi isaa, rom Jurnalistikam adamianebi

uzrunvelyos informaciiT, Jurnalisti emsaxurebodes

simarTles, da SeZlos mopovebuli dokumenturi masalis

ise gadamuSaveba, rom mayurebels mieces saSualeba miiRos

180

sxvadasxva informacia erTsa da imave faqtze da daskvna

gamoitanos piradi xedviT.

am amocanis Sesasruleblad saWiroa:

. informaciis mudmivi gadamowmeba;

. damoukidebloba maTgan, visac aSuqeb;

. Jurnalisti aris xelisuflebis damoukidebeli

makontrolebeli;

. Jurnalistika aZlevs xalxs sajaro kritikisa da

msjelobis saSualebas;

. daculi iqnes informaciis proporciuloba;

. Jurnalistika moralur normebs ar scildeba,

eyrdnoba simarTles, sindissa da pasuxismgeblobas.

eqstremaluri Jurnalistikis prodiusingi, romelic

reportioris funqciebTan aris dakavSirebuli,

iTvaliswinebs gonebriv mobilizacias, rTul situaciaSi

adaptirebas da risks.

reportioris saqmianoba did riskTan aris

dakavSirebuli. mas uwevs muSaoba SeiaraRebuli

konfliqtis, samoqalaqo areulobis dros, aSuqebs

sazogadoebriv-politikuri mniSvnelobis movlenebs,

sensaciur faqtebs, saaSkaraoze gamoaqvs, rac dafarulia.

SesaZloa viRacisTvis arasasurvel dros, arasasurvel

adgilze aRmoCndes.

Jurnalistis profesia erT-erTi yvelaze saxifaToa

msoflioSi. es xifaTi sabediswero xdeba maSin, rodesac

Jurnalistebs ara aqvT cxel wertilebSi muSaobis

gamocdileba. sakuTari magaliTis safuZvelze SemiZlia

aRvniSno, rom emociuri foni erT-erTi xelis SemSleli

faqtoria, gaaSuqo omi piradi tkivilisa da SegrZnebebis

gareSe, anu sakuTar qveyanaSi omis reportioroba (romelic

germanuli sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis ZDF - Tvis

momiwia), ormagad rTuli aRmoCnda. gansakuTrebiT rTuli

aRmoCnda im zRvris dacva, romelic civsisxlianobasa da

profesionalizms Soris gadis. unda ecado akeTo Seni


181

saqme da Tavidan amoigdo sxvebis daxmareba es mTavari

wesia, _ miziarebda sakuTar gamocdilebas evropaSi

cnobili omis reportiori antonia radosi, romelmac omis

dasrulebisTanave damisva „diagnozi~: Cemi emociurobis

gamo oms ver gadavitandi (mniSvneloba ara aqvs sakuTar

Tu sxvis qveyanaSia omi). gamoucdelobis gamo, gaweuli

riskis Semdeg ki, Cemi gadarCena, mxolod iRblis xarjze

xdeboda, amas Tavadac mivxvdi omis dasrulebis Semdeg.

swored am mizeziTaa, rom Cemi dRevandeli naSromis

amocanac, im sakiTxebis safuZvlianad Seswavlaa, romelsac

Jurnalistika moicavs.

axali ambebis usafrTxoebis saerTaSoriso institutma

(INSI) mimdinare wels daRupuli Jurnalistebis Sesaxeb

monacemebi gamoaqveyna. sul raRac erT TveSi aTamde

Jurnalistis daRupvis faqtia dafiqsirebuli.

saomari situaciebisa da samoqalaqo areulobisas

samsaxureobrivi movaleobis Sesrulebis dros,

bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi masobrivi sainformacio

saSualebebis 1000-ze meti warmomadgeneli daiRupa.

bevri mZimed daSavda da aqtiur moRvaweobas veRar

axerxebs. gadatanili stresis gamo, zogierTi intensiur

fsiqologiur daxmarebasac saWiroebs. mag: 2012 wlis 20

ianvars pakistanSi Talibebma adgilobrivi Jurnalisti

mukaram xan aatifi mokles, romelic àmerikis xmis~

korespondentad muSaobda.

imave wels ianvarSi filipineli Jurnalisti da

publicisti kristofer guorini mokles. daRupul da

daSavebul JurnalistTa sia samwuxarod sakmaod vrcelia.

mediaeqspertebma profesionalizmis sazomad sifrTxile

miiCnies. „ambavi ar Rirs sicocxlis fasad~!

brZolis velidan miRebul informaciaze sazogadoebaSi

yovelTvis didi moTxovnileba arsebobs. rac ufro

didia omis masStabebi, miT metia moTxovnileba amgvar

informaciaze da, Sesabamisad, izrdeba ̀ cxel wertilebSi~

eqstremaluri Jurnalistika da TviTprodiusingi cxel wertilebSi

182

momuSave Jurnalistebis anazRaurebac. es garemoeba ki,

xSirad aiZulebs reportiorebs, daarRvion usafrTxoebis

moTxovnebi da eqskluziuri masala sakuTari sicocxlis

riskis fasad moipovon. gazeT `kviris palitris~

samxedro mimomxilveli irakli aladaSvili, romelsac

samxedro konfliqtebSi moRvaweobis sakmao gamocdileba

aqvs, ixsenebs qarTveli Jurnalistebis daRupvis

faqts, ruseTis samxedro aviaciis mier qalaq soxumis

dabombvisas. _ `bombebi iyo 250 kilogramiani, magram

isini soxumis kvartlebSi Camovardnis dros ar afeTqda.

gaigzavnen qarTveli ganmnaRvelebi, rom gaenaRmaT isini.

ganaRmvis dros moxda bombebis inicireba da afeTqeba. am

dros daiRupa rva menaRme da 4 Jurnalisti, romlebic

am faqts iRebdnen videoaparaturaze~.

daRupul Jurnalistebs, romelTagan erT-erTi

samxedro prescentris operatori giorgi popiaSvili

iyo, ar SeiZleboda scodnodaT, rom qalaqze Camoyril

saaviacio bombebs eyena specialuri meqanizmi, romelic

moqmedebaSi modis garkveuli drois Semdeg. es ar icoda

arc samxedro xelmZRvanelobam, romelmac Jurnalistebs

saxifaTo siaxloves muSaobis neba darTo. imave

afxazeTis omis dros iyo SemTxveva, roca brZolis wina

xazze gasuli Jurnalisti miRebuli Wrilobis Sedegad

sisxlisgan daicala. aseTi savalalo faqtebi didi da

mcire intensivobis konfliqtebis dros xdeba, amitom

Jurnalistebs iseve moeTxovebaT usafrTxoebis zomebis

codna da dacva, rogorc samxedroebs.

mraval qveyanaSi Tavad Jurnalistebma Seadgines

erTgvari saxelmZRvanelo, romelSic miTiTebulia, Tu ra

wesebis dacva evalebaT sabrZolo operaciebSi momuSave

reportiorebs. es aris: danaRmul velze qcevis wesebi;

saartilerio dabombvis dros ras Seafaros Tavi da

rogori safari airCios; sangarSi rogor Cawves; ra

Caicvas - Jurnalists ar unda ecvas iseTi ram, rac


183

miamsgavsebs jariskacs, anu samxedro forma, muzaradi.

Tu omi wesebis gareSe warmoebs, Tu samxedroebi

arad dagideven humanitaruli samarTlis normebs, maSin

gauTvaliswinebeli safrTxisgan verc erTi Jurnalisti

iqneba dazRveuli.

Jurnalistis TviTprodiusingi omsa da zogadad

situaciebSi Zalian mniSvnelovania. misi gadarCena

xSir SemTxvevaSi damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor

moqmedebs igi cxel wertilebSi profesiuli movaleobis

Sesrulebisas.

2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omis gasaSuqeblad

Camosuli holandieli kolega jek kruzi (Press Now) romelsac eqstremalur JurnalistikaSi didi

gamocdileba aqvs ambobs:

Jurnalists xSirad uwevs muSaoba konfliqtebis

epicentrSi, iq sadac saSiSi zonaa, aseT viTarebaSi is

pirvel rigSi unda fiqrobdes sakuTar usafrTxoebaze,

rogor daicvas Tavi, rogor gadarCes da amave dros

xalxisTvis saWiro, saintereso masalebi moipovos. am

dros Jurnalists yuradRebis koncentrireba marTebs

ufro metad sakuTar Tavze. magaliTad: rodesac is

manqaniT midis da xedavs, rom mis win mimavali manqana

feTqdeba, ki ar unda gadmoxtes da uSvelos iq msxdom

xalxs, aramed unda mounaxos im teritorias gverdze

avlis saSualeba, raTa cecxls Tavi daaRwios.

eqstremaluri Jurnalistikis centris mier gamocemul

saxelmZRvaneloSi «Прикладная конфликтология для журналистов» vkiTxulobT:

Jurnalistma sakuTari Tavi TviTon unda marTos

nebismier situaciaSi, unda gamoimuSavos is unarCvevebi

da wesebi, rac saWiro da aucilebelia omSi da zogadad

eqstremalur viTarebebSi. es unarCvevebi da wesebi,

ZiriTadad emociebs emyareba. ar unda gaSuqdes faqtebi

gulgrilad, Jurnalisti valdebulia moiZios informacia,


184

Tu ratom xdeba konfliqti, rogor moqmedeben aseT

dros mxareebi, vin da rogor sargeblobs am konfliqtiT,

romeli mxaris mier irRveva wesebi da a. S.. rac yvelaze

mTavaria, Jurnalisti ar unda gamoiyenos romelime

dapirispirebulma mxarem sakuTari miznebisTvis. TviTon

Jurnalists ki, ar unda hqondes romelime mxaris ndoba

da faqtebze dakvirvebas Tavad unda axdendes. ar unda

gaxdes emociuri fonis nawili, yovelTvis unda SeeZlos

simSvidis SenarCuneba da sifrTxiliT moqmedeba.

arsebobs wesebi romelsac nebismieri reportiori

unda emorCilebodes:

Jurnalistma, romelic samoqalaqo areulobis, mitingis,

demonstraciis gaSuqebas apirebs, unda gaiTvaliswinos,

rom SemTxvevis adgilze Zalian dagvianebas adre misvla

sjobs.

satransporto saSualeba TavSeyris adgilidan

moSorebiT unda gaaCeros, raTa manqana ar daziandes.

korespondentma unda daaTvalieros garemo da

SeimuSaos moqmedebisa da gadaadgilebis saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi gaqcevis gegmac.

Jurnalistma mobilur telefonSi winaswar unda

moiZios im adamianebis telefonebi, romelTac saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi swrafad daukavSirdeba.

reportiorma unda icodes Tu sad dgas saswrafo

daxmarebis manqana.

eqstremaluri situaciebis gaSuqebisas miuRebelia

daxra da Ziridan Tundac suvenirad raime nivTis aReba.

korespondentma yuradReba unda miaqcios sad

imyofebian misi kolegebi, SeiZleba isini mniSvnelovan

informacias floben, rac man jer ar icis!

Jurnalistma Tan unda iqonios, wyali, sakvebi da

saafTiaqo CanTa.

masobrivi areulobis dros xSirad momitingeebi

iyeneben xelketebs, samarTaldamcavebi ki cremlsaden


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gazs da rezinis tyviebs. safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad

korespondentma unda ataros damcavi saTvale. umjobesia

tansacmeli ufaravdes Tavs, kisrisa da yelis midamos,

xelebs da muxlebs. ar unda atarebdes mkveTri feris

gamomwvev samoss.

axlos _ yovelTvis ar niSnavs ukeTess. kargi

reportaJis da siuJetis momzadeba, kadrebis mopoveba

zogjer Soridanac SesaZlebelia, amisTvis sulac araa

saWiro xalxis masasTan SeerTeba.

roca Jurnalisti saWiro raodenobis kadrebs

moipovebs axliT unda Secvalos firi (an diski),

Canaweri ki saimedod gadamalos. man Tan unda iqonios

yalbi, Zveli firi, romelsac gaRizianebuli adamianis

moTxovnis Semdeg dauyovnebliv „gaimetebs gadasacemad~.

saomari konfliqtis gaSuqebisas marTebulia

mewyvilesTan erTad muSaoba. aseT dros umjobesia gverdiT

iyos viRac, vinc saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daxmarebis

gawevas SeZlebs. samxedro SenaerTTan erTad gadaadgileba

sariskoa, Jurnalisti SesaZloa mowinaaRmdegem mtrad

miiCnios. cxel wertilTan miaxloveba saxifaToa, amitom

gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba maRali xarisxis teqnikiT

aRWurvas, Sori manZilidan gadaReba rom moxerxdes.

korespondentma Tu samxedroebTan erTad gadaadgileba

mouxdeba, meTauris nebismieri miTiTeba mkacrad unda

daicvas! samxedro manqaniT mgzavrobisas kolonis TavSi

an boloSi yofna sasurveli ar aris.

miuRebelia sigaretis moweva RamiT, anTebuli Tambaqo

Sori manZilidan advili SesamCnevia, mweveli SesaZloa

kargi samizne gaxdes.

Jurnalisti valdebulia ataros piradobis mowmoba,

iaraRi - ara, radgan SesaZloa jaSuSad miiCnion.

safrTxe samxedro operaciis dasrulebis Semdegac

arsebobs, SesaZloa teritoria danaRmuli aRmoCndes.

gamarjvebis niSnad haerSi nasroli tyviac xSirad


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gauTvaliswinebel msxverpls iwvevs. amitom sifrTxile

aucilebelia!

konfliqtur zonebSi, cxel wertilebSi momuSave

masmediis warmomadgenlebis sakiTxiT doqtori fenSteini

da mkvlevarTa jgufi dainteresda. gamaognebeli Sedegebi

daido: samxedro Jurnalisti CveulebrivTan SedarebiT

stresisadmi da fsiqikuri aSlilobisadmi 3-jer metadaa

midrekili. ganicdian socialur disfunqcias da depresias,

antidepresantebisa da alkoholis momxmareblebi

xdebian. Tumca garkveuli nawili sruliad janmrTelia

da warmatebiT ganagrZobs saqmianobas

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso organizaciebi aqtiurad

ibrZvian, reportiorTa usafrTxoebisaTvis. riskis

Semcirebis mizniT intensiurad mimdinareobs cxel

wertilebSi momuSave kadrebis momzadeba.

profesionalad is Jurnalisti iTvleba, visac

eqstremaluri situaciebis gaSuqebisas eSinia da

frTxilobs. Jurnalisti teri andersoni ambobs:

àr arsebobs ambavi, risTvisac sikvdili Rirs!“

media eqspertebma movlenebis gaSuqebisas prioriteti

Jurnalistis usafrTxoebas mianiWes. axali ambavi

adamianis janmrTelobasTan SedarebiT meore xarisxovani

aRmoCnda, amrigad eqstremalur situaciaSi muSaobisas,

profesionalizmis sazomi swored Tavis Svela, gaqceva

da gadarCenaa da ara mniSvnelovani informaciisTvis

gmiruli sikvdili.

eqspertebi mouwodeben Jurnalistebs Seafason riski

da moeridon safrTxes.

Tu darwmunebuli ar xar - daanebe Tavi! ase JRers oqros

wesi, romelsac masmediis warmomadgenlebs sTavazoben da

axseneben, rom profesionalia is, vinc gaiTvaliswinebs,

rom „mkvdars popularoba aRar sWirdeba“!


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literatura, komentarebi:

dainteresebul JurnalistTa komiteti da adamianebisa da

presis pius kvleviTi centri, Striking the balance: audience interests, business pressures and journalists values (2006), bil

kovaCi, tom rozenstili „Jurnalistikis elementebi~ (ra unda

icodes axali ambebis sferos muSakebma da ras unda moelodes

maTgan sazogadoeba) Центр экстремальной журналистики «прикладная конфликтология для журналистов» изд. институт по освещению войны и мира (2006).


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avtorTa Sesaxeb

mixeil kalandariSvili – daibada q. TbilisSi, 1952 wlis 11

ivliss. 1969 wels daasrula Tbilisis 50-e saS. skola, 1974

wels – SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo Teatraluri

instituti da Cairicxa leningradis Teatris, musikisa da

kinematografiis (лгитмик) institutis aspiranturaSi. 1979 wels amave institutSi (лгитмик), icavs disertacias s.

axmetelis reJisuris problematikaze xelovnebaTmcodneobis

kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad. 1979 wlidan SoTa

rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo Teatraluri institutis

pedagogi da mecnier-muSakia. 1993 wels SromiT `qarTuli

Teatris ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi~ icavs disertacias

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad. aris

oTxmocamde Teoriuli da istoriuli xasiaTis samecniero

publikaciebis da agreTve rusuli da franguli Teatraluri

enciklopediebis werilebis avtori. amJamad SoTa rusTavelis

Teatrisa da kinos sruli profesoria kritikis da Teoriis

mimarTulebiT.

maia kiknaZe _ Teatrmcodne, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori.

1989 wels daamTavra SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatraluri

institutis Teatrmcodneobis fakulteti.

1991 wlidan muSaobs Teatraluri institutSi leqtorad.

kiTxulobs saleqcio kurss qarTuli Teatris istoriisa da

Tojinebis Teatris istoriaSi. gamoqveynebuli aqvs 50-mde

statia da samecniero naSromi Jurnal-gazeTebSi.

daculi aqvs disertacia Temaze ,,eqspresionizmi 10-iani

wlebis qarTul TeatrSi”.

amJamad SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universitetSi

ukavia asocirebuli profesoris akademiuri Tanamdeboba.

kiTxulobs disciplinebs: qarTuli Teatris istoria, Tojinebis

Seatris istoria, saTeatro kritika da Teoria.

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Tamar quTaTelaZe _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori.

daamTavra SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos

saxelmwifo universitetis Teatrmcodneobis fakulteti.

Ddaicva disertacia Temaze ,,raJisor Salva gawerelis

Teatraluri esTetka’’, muSaobs saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis

saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetSi.

amzadebs saxelmZRvanelos ,,qarTuli dramaturgiis istoria’’

(d. mumlaZesTan erTad). misi publikaciebi sistematurad

ibeWdeba JurnalSi ,,Teatri da cxovreba’’.

mob: +995 577 55 16 66

el-fosta: [email protected]

daviT gujabiZe - saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da

kinos saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori

daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis fizikis

fakulteti, radiofizikosis specialobiT. aseve swavlobda

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo Teatralur

institutSi, levan paataSvilis kinosaoperatoro da merab

kokoCaSvilis kinosareJisoro saxelosnoebSi.

staJireba gaiara germaniaSi, aris evropis media-profesionalebis

saerTaSoriso proeqtis «Nipkow-programm»-is stipendianti

(q. berlini).

gaxlavT dokumenturi, mxatvruli da musikaluri filmebis

avtor-reJisor-operatori, sareklamo rgolebis da

videoklipebis reJisori.

statiebisa da gamokvlevebis avtori, romlebic sxvadasxva dros

gamoqveynda gazeTebsa da JurnalebSi «qarTuli filmi», «axali

epoqa», «kino», «omega», «Teatraluri moambe», `kavkasiis macne~,

`kultura~, ̀ duruji~, ̀ TeatrmcodneobiTi da kinomcodneobiTi

Ziebani” da sxva.

tel: + 995 599 55 30 93

vaJa zubaSvili - saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis

Teatrisa da kinos universitetis pedagogi 2002 wlidan;

amJamad dokumenturi kios reJisuris sabakalavro da

samagistro programebis xelmZRvaneli. amasTan kiTxulobs

leqciebis kurss «telereJisura» da «satelevizio reklama».

gamoqveynebuli aqvs samecniero publikaciebi, miRebuli aqvs

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monawileoba respublikur da saerTaSoriso konferenciebSi.

gadaRebuli aqvs 30-ze meti dokumenturi filmi; aris

saqarTvelos kinematografistTa kavSiris gamgeobis wevri.

1998 wlidan muSaobs sxvadasxva telekompaniebSi; 2009wlidan

dRemde aris saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis arqivis

xelmZRvaneli.

maia goSaZe _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori.

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo

universitetis asocirebuli profesori. daamTavra SoTa

rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universitetis Teatrmcodneobis

fakulteti. sxvadasxva dros, gamoqveynebuli aqvs publikaciebi

amerikuli, antikuri da renesansis dramaturgiis Sesaxeb.

amJamad muSaobs Temaze `variaciebi miTosur motivebze~.

tel: + 995 (32) 299 65 54

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THE MATERIALS OF FREE SECTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC

CONFERENCE 2011

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Natalia Digmelashvili,PhD Student of

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State UniversityThe doctor of Art study

GUIDELINES FOR TEACHING DANCE AS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF DRAMA PEDAGOGY

Theses

Dance as a study discipline plays a key role in training of stage actor. Our main interest lies in creation and formation of drama school as pedagogical training system for stage actor.

Problem of forming a new dance education system which would live up to the tasks of preparing stage actors arose with emergence of theatre field education.

An established system for stage actor development was created by K.S. Stanislavsky –

a system which lies at the base of theatre pedagogy. From the early XXth century there has been a great dispute in Georgian theatre scene around renewal of dramatic theatre and creation of drama school.

In line with Georgian theatre renaissance and under the guidance of A. Paghava a Shota Rustaveli Theatre based drama studio has been created. A new generation of stage actors began to be trained there.

With time teaching methodology undergoes change and dance training methods are being refined. An outside world offers diverse methods for dance training.

With experience of various schools and their professional training in mind, we tried to refine and update program and teaching methodology of dance for those working in theatre and film.

We want to train an actor with contemporary standards. This is the reason behind our needs for new teaching methods and methodology.

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Nino Sanadiradze, The doctor of Art study

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University

UNDERSTANDING OF ART SECTOR MANAGEMENT

Theses

In the article briefly is examined essence of attitude of meaning culture and art management. The proposed work presents a descriptive analysis of negotiation of culture and culture management, meaning of management differentiation in art sector and aims.

This article describes peculiarity of marketing in art and culture sector and special of art market. The article concerns development trends of art management and how to use business skills to support and promote a variety of visual, performing, and media arts and artists. For the time being the cultural market is playing important role in world economy. However, with all their importances there are problems presents with financing of culture sector. Business skills, arts and entertainment managers play a key role in bringing great performances, paintings, scripts, songs, and more to the public.

In this article author argue for more theoretical discussion and empirical research into organizational and managerial dynamics of commercial cultural production. Their concern grows out of their observation that management research is neglecting cultural production as a serious object of investigation despite its economic, social, and political significance.

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Maia Sigua,Tbilisi State Conservatoire Music Theory Faculty

Ph.D program – Musicology First year studentSupervisor: Ph.D. Assoc. Prof. Ketevan Bolashvili

THE MODIFICATIONS OF MUSIC AND DRAMA INTERDEPENDENCE IN THE EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN

OPERA OF THE 2ND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Theses

In this article we discuss the interdependence modifications of music and drama on the sample of several works, created in the 2nd half of the 20th Century. Changes, which had place in music after late 50s, coused amendments in nature of genre of opera, which themselves generated different types of the musical theatre.

Vladimir (Lado) Tatishvili,PhD Student of

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State UniversityThe head: professor. Giorgi Chartolani

POWER OF THE WORD IN TV ADVERTISEMENT AS ONE OF THE CREATIVE LEVER

Theses

• Liking TV advertisement is kind of wisdom and at the same it includes creating new phrases, new words. Well created advertisement idea has to be individual by its style and story. Just in this case there creator can reach the full effect.

• TV advertisement which is adequate of the content by its art-creative style is used for a long time, for the realization of good products.

• While working on the creative conception, idea, it is very important to think about the logical connection of the form and

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content of the Add. It has to be directed the attention not just about the words, phrases used in the Add; It also has to be intentioned “how” the hero of the Add is expressing the words, phrases. These kinds of sequences are one of the main factors of succession of the “branded” production.

• How is possible to “pack” impressively by words the new brand? This point is too interesting because it includes the selection and consideration of the phrases and words in the text of the advertisement.• The word itself is one of the strong increaser of the impression. It is the lever, which makes effective impression on the customers. On this case we can consider the four (4) types of words working in the ads. 1- Synonyms; 2 – Artistic methods of comparison; 3 – Associatively connected words; 4 – Antonym pares.

Naira Ghvedashvili,PhD student of

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State UniversityAssociated professor

INFORMATION ASSURANCE AND STATISTICS OF INNOVATIONS

Theses

The main condition for affective functioning of any organization is to implement communications and innovations. Competitive struggle and a number of other requirements stimulate the necessities of implementing the innovations. Coordination of the informational flow and control of the communication network enables people and a group of people to have an influence on others. The business of the leader is to realize his role in the relations among persons, at exchanging information and at the processes of taking decisions in management functions, implementing innovations and realization. Implementing the innovations and exchanging the information are one of the complicated problems at any level of hierarchy.

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Malkhaz Gvinjilia, Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film

Georgian State University Head of cultural tourism in direction of management, full professor

SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL ASPECT OF SETTING

RURAL TOURISM IN EUROPE(50-ies of XX century)

Theses

Rural tourism is special filed of tourism industry. Traditional directions of agriculture, rituals and customs connected with rural life present the assisting factors for development of rural tourism.

The rise in demand for green environment and rural quietness in population caused developing of mentioned directions in Europe in the middle period of recent century. The process took such intensive character that it even exceeded the incomes got from agro-industry and it was also distinguished by high structure of employment.

Due to everything mentioned above, rural tourism got massive character in Europe and caused creation of agro-tourist corporations and the popularization of the directions of given business.

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THEATRE STUDIES

Mikheil Kalandarishvili

NATURE OF DRAMA CONFLICT

Theses

In the letter there is examined one of the central issue of drama theory. Essence of drama conflict its necessity and peciularitiy. The areal of displaying conflicts or social and asocial (anti-social) in the dramatic art is analized and as for spreading view of soviet theory is rejected, according to which dramatic conflict always characterized as social.

ABOUT AUTHORWas born in 1952 July 11. In 1969 he finished the secondary school of Tbilisi, number 50, In 1974 he graduated from Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film State University. He entered and enrolled on post-graduate school of Leningrad theatre, music and film institute. At the same year, in 1979 he maintained a thesis about Akhmeteli direction problems to receive a PhD degree. Since 1979 he has been a teacher and scientist. In 1993 he maintained a thesis to get a doctoral degree of art study, with the work “The basic directions of Georgian theatre”. He is author of eighty theatrical and historical characteristic scientific publications and also Russian and French theatrical encyclopedia letters’. Nowadays he is the complete professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film in the direction of critics and theory.

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Maia Kiknadze

NEW THEATRE IN RUSTAVI AND AKHALTSIKHE – 1967

Theses

In the work there is examined process of forming a new theatre in Rustavi and Akhaltsikhe in 1967, their first play – “Theodore” staged in Meskheti by Otar Chkheidze. Idmon Rostan “ Cyrano de Bergerac” organized in Rustavi.

On the basis of having conflict in the Mardjanishvili theatre, the Rustavi theatre was created, when the talented creative staff separated from the Mardjanishvil theatre. They established a new theatre by heading Giga Lortkipanidze, the producer of the theatre. By the guidance of director Nana Demetrashvili, the graduated students of drama faculty of theatre institute formed the Meskheti theatre. Creation of the theatre was an important event in the history of Georgian theatre. Both of the theatre had got different creative potential, but they cause resonance of society.

ABOUT AUTHORTheatre critic, The Doctor of art study.Graduated from Shota Rustaveli university of drama and theatre with major in theatre studies in the year of 1989.From 1992 works at the university as a lecturer, gives a lectures at the Georgian theatre history and the puppet theatre history.Published 50 articles and scientific works on newspaper-magazine.Maintained a thesis with the article “ Expressionism in Georgian theatre” of 10 yrs.At the present she is an associated professor of Shota Rustaveli university of drama and theatre. She gives lectures at the Georgian theatre history, puppet theatre history, theatrical critic and theory.

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organic part of global processes. In order to illustrate thesis analyzed Georgian Theatre in pagan innovations of the XXI century.

In the Theatre of the city (Rustaveli, Marjanishvili, Royal Dis-trict, Akhmeteli, Music and Drama Theatre) made both Georgian and foreign drama, based on the successful plays or scenic character of even the general analysis, it make clear that, Georgian theater is go-ing processes, the situation in the Georgian society mentality visible changes and priorities.

ABOUT AUTHORShe graduated faculty of theatre science of the Shota Rustaveli The-atre and Film State University. She obtained academic degree of the doctor (PhD) in arts studies on the theme: “Director Shalva Gatser-elia’s theatrical aesthetic, «she works in Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film State University. Shi is working on the manual “History of the Georgian Dramaturgy” (together D. Mumladze). Her publications systematically published in the journal “Theatre and Life.” Mob: + 995 577- 551 – 666Mail: [email protected]

Tamar Qutateladze

TIME AND PERFORMANCE

Theses

In the article, there is remark, that theatre of absurd, by the fa-thers of the communist regime the European dramaturgies and in it declared free, because of the ban of the critical thinking, with almost forty years of "late" in Georgia. Georgian Theatre of the post-commu-nist era, aspires to more than 20 years to understand the absurdity of human life.

Work discusses in the modern Georgian theater changes taking place, which is mostly absurdist theater aesthetics take a holy devo-tion outstanding performances, but his understanding of freedom. The purpose of directors is to understand the situation in Georgia, as an

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FILM STUDIES

Davit Gujabidze

“3D” STEREO-TECHNOLOGIES, A REALITY AND PROSPECTS

Theses

The article refers to the modern trends and prospects of development of “3D stereo- cinematography” in Georgia.

Three-dimensional photo and cinematographic images remain a matter of interest of the scientists and inventors, because three dimensions facilitate more complete understanding of the environment by the viewer than conventional, flat-screen and on paper photo or a video. The first patent for stereo movie was issued in 1893. The oldest three-dimensional film, about which we have the information, is the American “Niagara Falls” (1914). There were several “eyeglass free” systems that have proved to be technically very difficult and expensive, so they were replaced by cheap eye glass systems.

There were made a separate successful experiments with the stereo films world wide, including in Georgia , in 1940s . We’ve found out information about engineer Khatiashvili who invented a system of stereoscopic color cinema photography in 1939.

After the 2nd World War, the Soviet Union and the United States made a breakthrough in the field of stereoscopic film-production. In 1946 at the Tbilisi cinema-studio was shot stereoscopic film “Robinson Crusoe”; The film made big impression upon Stalin and the film’s director A. Andrievsky and creator of stereo-system S. Ivanov were awarded the Stalin Award.

The period of 1952-55, call “Golden Age” of the American three-dimensional cinema. Even Alfred Hitchcock shot color “3D” film “Dial M of for Murder (1954)”, but technological problems pushed away producers from three-dimensional films. In the 1960th the Competition won 70 mm large-format and wide-screen technology.

In the 1980s, the Canadian company “IMAX” created its own system, based on successful sets of several visual technologies. This system provides all aspects of shooting, processing and display “3D stereo” images. In the same period also great strides in the Soviet

201

Union has been done; In 1991, the system of the Moscow NIKFI “Stereo 70” was awarded the “Oscar” for technical innovations.

“3-D stereoscopic movie” is still the hot novelty, although it is clear that this technology is successfully moves toward becoming kind of visual art. In particular, the Wim Wenders film “Pina” and Martin Scorsese’s “Hugo” are different from most of the “3D” movie in that they are not limited to the demonstration effect of the amount they already use 3D to create an artistic image.

Despite technological and production inconveniences, there are producting much “3D” films around the world, the number of “3D” TV channels grows; stereo-camcorders are made for nonprofessional (household) shooting.

As to “3D” film production in Georgia, unfortunately, local enthusiasts have great difficulties in search of finances for realization of the ideas. Recently, the Tbilisi engineer Zaza Lomidze received a priority in the invention of the mechanism of calculation and creation of three-dimensional bases for filming with various cameras. The experimental video was showed at a spring exhibition of technology in Tbilisi, just as on the Cannes film festival in 2012.

The stereoscopic movie develops fast, it is already present day of a cinema. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary to create the research center of innovative videos of technology at university of theater and cinema which will carry out theoretical and practical work in this promising direction.

ABOUT AUTHOR Associate professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State UniversityGraduated from I. Javakhishvili State University’s faculty of Physics with major in radio physics. Studied at Shota Rustaveli University of Theatre and Cinema in Levan Paatashvili’s studio class of Photography directing and Merab Kokochashvili studio class of movie directing. He was an intern in Germany and “Nipkow-programm” of European Media-Professionals international program scholarship recipient. Davit Gujabidze is the director, cameraman and author of documental, feature and musical films. He has also directed music videos and commercials. He is the author of articles and researches published in different times

202

in such newspapers and magazines as “Georgian film”, “New Epoch”, “Cinema”, “Omega”, “Theatrical Narrator”, “Culture”, “Duruji”, “Research in theatre and cinematography” and many more. Tel: +995 599 55 30 93

Vaja Zubashvili

COMMERCIAL ON TV OF GEORGIA: LEADERS AND TV COMMERCIAL

Theses

Majority of studying authors of Soviet commercials focuses on the advertisements of pre-revolutionary Russia. Some of the authors think that there were no commercials at all. But researched material (since NEP period until 90s) confirms, that if the ideology required, it was possible to make proper commercials in the Soviet Union (for instance, foreign trade commercial); IN the condition of planned manufacturing and deficit of consumer goods, there was no demand on advertising, but nevertheless, advertising sphere was developing, but developing weakly. In Georgia, direct TV commercials appeared in 80s, but in the beginning it did not contain marketing-communicational signs, these elements started to engender only in 1989.

ABOUT AUTHORProfessor at Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University since 2002.Nowadays he is the head of Bachelor and Master degree programmes in Documentary filmmaking. In addition he teaches subjects – Teleproducing and TV Commercial. He has published several scientific articles and has taken part in different republican and international conferences.He has directed more than 30 documentary films and is the member of the board of Georgian Cinematographer’s Union.Since 1998 he works in different Tele Companies. Since 2009 he is the head of Georgian Public Broadcaster’s archive.

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ART STUDIESMaia Goshadze

IN THE HELL OF AMBIVALENTY

Theses

The article “In the hell of Ambivalenty” refers to the creativity of the famous Norvegian artist Edward Munich, whose leading motives are conditional by the artist’s personal pecularities. Munich was an exceptionally habitual person and the full of resistance, whose best reflection is his creativity. A perceptive motive of the Universe as severe chaos and a human as the creature dwelt with a destructive impulse are repeated in his creation by a different variation. The world’s perception of Munich was clearly appeared in his scenography of the staged play by Max Reinhardt called: “Ghosts”. The reflective dwelling of unhappy co-existance of the lonelu people, where almost nobody ever laughs and in this restraining silence, the bothering voice of wind and rain was constantly sounding, having no prospects of brightening up.

In the contect of the article, the leading motives of Munich’s creation presented pecularities of his personal and vital way, - first of all the theme of ambivalenty of human’s emotional-experience and relationships. Munich himself was sickly a bifurcated person – he was getting rid of having contact with people, was being tortured by loneliness. He mentioned the pictures as his children. Munich who was early diminished of cares by his mother, the Universe became the stepmother, which has never got with trust and happiness. Love turned out to be inseparable from feeling for him. Sudden changeable and reflecting feeling of Munich are fulled with sharing common human pain in his paintings, which he could only express in his creativity.

ABOUT AUTHORArt History PhD Associate Professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University. Graduated from Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University’s Faculty of Theatre Studies. She has had her articles on American, Ancient and Renaissance Drama published at various times. Currently she works on paper “Variations on mythical motives”Tel: + 995 (32) 99 65 64

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UNIVERSITY’ Ph.D PROGRAM

Paata Iakashvili,The Ph.D student of

the film study directionThe head - professor. Giorgi Gvakharia

THE MANIFESTATION OF THE CREATIVE PRINCIPLES OF CENSORIAL TYPE FOR THE INTERPRETATION FROM

THE SIDE OF THE LEFT-WINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ART FILM OF REALITY “KHABARDA”

Theses

In the previous work there is reviewed under the ruller communist party the struggle in the second hald of the 20th century from the side of the left-wings’ creative organizations against the film of reality and its result on the example of one film.

The left-wings opposed an invented story to the real fact, document based on the former one, the reason of which was intended to create the histories of love and adventure as the spectators avidly pounce reality. But if we watch either the documentary or the very film of reality of the second half of the 20th century, we’ll be assured in the fact, that the left-wings denied both of them, i.e. the invented story and the film of reality. So thefact or document was realized by them with such a tendentiousness, that it looked like an invented history.

From this point of view too much significant is the Mikheil Chiaurelli’s film “Khabarda”. There is given an issue of finding out advisability of new constructions in the old district of Tbilisi city on the example of the opposition between old and new, and it is realized extremely rectilinerally and unilaterally, in result of which intelligentsia with patriostic attitude is shown as the extreme reactionary part of the society and besides that, too much overacted either. As for the two persons who supported the ruller communist regime they are extremely postering positive.

Thus, during the reflection of the encieclement of reality, the principles of the left-wings’ creation couldn’t provide the objective thinking of the fact or document and what’s more due to the interest of the communist regime they managed it.

205

Maia Lipartiani,The Ph.D student of the drama direction

The head - professor. Giorgi Margvelashvili, Vasil Kiknadze

THE LANGUAGE OF BODY MOVEMENT AND MIMIC

Theses

On the basis of Alan Pizzey’s conclusion about body movement of human mimic and gestures, connected with the distinct symbolic meaning our research gave the following results devided into three groups according to their origin.

Conditional gestures, 2) realizing gestures and 3) subconscious 1) gestures.Conditional gestures are agreement of no-verbal sign on 1) symbols between the humen.Realizing are called the gestures, which because of their 2) archetype feature, they express get legalized meaning. From the mimics and gestures of Alan pizzey we especially select their such displays, the allegories of which require serious psychological explanation: Three different models of behaviour are underlined and chosen as differentiation by us from the unconscious gestures.Preparation decision, B) decision has been settled. C) The A) existing condition causes agitation and excitement in one’s personality, therefore, the knowledge of motivations of unconscious gestures, mimics and body movement, are considered with the event of plot, which are stipulated by unconscious allegories and in the case of realization, from the side of a spectator cause the catharsis.

206

UNIVERSITY’ MA PROGRAM

Evelina Menteshashvili,The MA student of

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University The head: associated professor. Eliso Eristavi

EXTREME JOURNALISTIC AND PRODUCING ITSELF IN THE HOT SPOTS

Theses

Producing of extreme journalistic, which also serves the functions of reporters, considers mental mobilization, adaptation in difficult situation and risk. Danger becomes the fatal, when journalists haven’t got experience of working in the hot spot

The task of my work is to study the matters fluently and gather time experienced rules, which includes extreme journalistic.

A journalist must rule himself in any situation, work out such skills, which is necessary in war and any extreme situation.

There are rules, which are named the golden rules by media experts and any reporter must subordinate them.

International journalistic organizations actively are struggling for the security of reporters and preparation of working staff in the hot spots are intensively going on by the aim of reducing risk.

A journalist can be considered to be professional, who is careful and fearful in the period of the time of reporting extreme events.

Media experts gave priorities to the security of journalists during reporting the coverage. They appeal to journalists to estimate the risk and get rid of danger.

Media experts considered causion as the measurement of professionalism. “the story isn’t worth at the cost of one’s life.

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Nato Mdinaradze,MA student of tele-cinema producing

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University The head: associated Professor. Eliso Eristavi

SOAP OPERA ON TV

Theses

The work presents a historical excursion of soap operas’ producing, it includes the analysis of projects of different countries.

The author pays attention on variety and genres of the sopa opera, their budget and marketing values. In the article accents are made on variety of soap opera, the producing of which was popular by the help of radio until the TVs existence, their characterization is organized with evolutional direction soap operas’ producing in Georgia nad their foregn analysis by the terms of content and financial point of view are attentive.

Scales are compared andn questions are put about the necessity of realization of the product in abroad for financial benefit.

The work presents the analysis in many respects for the matters , the meaning of which are sharply displayed by models of the local producing. Soap opera is provided on TV with general and concrete information in the direction of producing.

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Documents

saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (51), 2012 ART SCIENCE