SHANMUGHA ARTS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

ACADEMY (SASTRA) UNIVERSITY

TIRUMALAISAMUDRAM – 613 402

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Scheme and Syllabi for

M.Tech. Advanced Communication Systems Programme

SHANMUGHA ARTS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH ACADEMY

(SASTRA) UNIVERSITY

(A University established under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)

TIRUMALAISAMUDRAM – 613 402

S E M E S T E R – I

S. No.

Course Code

Course Name

Periods Total No. of Credits

L P

01. MACS 101 R03 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS AND

STOCHASTIC PROCESSES 4 - 4

02. MACS 102 R02 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS 4 - 4

03. MACS 103 R02

MICROWAVE

COMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS

4 - 4

04. MACS 104 R02 ADVANCED DIGITAL

SIGNAL PROCESSING 4 - 4

05. MACS 105EXX ELECTIVE - I 3 - 3

06. MACS 106R03 COMMUNICATION

SIMULATION LAB 0 3 1

Total 19 3 20

S E M E S T E R – II

S.

No.

Course

Code Course Name

Periods Total

No. of

Credits

L T P

01. MACS 201R02 APPLIED MATHEMATICS 4 - - 4

02. MACS 202R02 ADVANCED DIGITAL

COMMUNICATION

4 - - 4

03. MACS 203R02 WIRELESS

COMMUNICATION

4 - - 4

04. MACS 204R03 IMAGE PROCESSING 4 - - 4

05. MACS 205EXX ELECTIVE – II 3 - - 3

06. MACS 206 R03 IMAGE PROCESSING LAB 0 - 3 1

Total 19 3 20

S E M E S T E R – III

S E M E S T E R – IV Course Code Course Name Credits MACS 401 Project work & Viva-Voce 12

Total Credits 63

S. No.

Course Code

Course Name

Periods Total No. of Credits

L P

01. MACS 301R02 INFORMATION SECURITY 4 - 4

02. MACS 302EXX ELECTIVE – III 3 - 3

03. MACS 303 EXX ELECTIVE - IV 3 - 3

04. MACS 304 SEMINAR - 3 1

Total 10 3 11

LIST OF ELECTIVES

1. Digital Communication Receivers

2. Advanced Radiating Systems

3. Adaptive Filter Theory

4. Speech Processing

5. Error Control Coding

6. Network Security

7. Network routing algorithm.

8. High Speed switching Architecture

9. Modeling and Simulation

10. Advanced IP for Communication Technologies

11. Cryptography

12. Real Time Operating System

13. Multimedia compression

14. Signal processing for mobile communication

15. Photonics

16. Optical networks

17. Pervasive computing

COURSE CODE : MACS101R03 COURSE : SPECIAL FUNCTIONS AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES TOTAL PERIODS : 60 CREDITS : 04 UNIT – I –The Wave Equations: Solution of initial and boundary value problems- Characteristics- D'Alembert's Solution - Significance of characteristic curves - Laplace transform solutions for displacement in a long string- a long string under its weight- a bar with prescribed force on one end- free vibrations of a string. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Series Solutions: Series solutions-Frobeneous Method - Bessel's equation - Bessel Functions-Legendre's equation - Orthogonal polynomials - Rodrigue's formula - Recurrence relations- generating functions and orthogonal property for Bessel functions of the first kind - Legendre polynomials. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – III – Probability and Random Variables: Probability Concepts -Random Variables, Moment generating function - standard distributions- Two dimensional random variables- Transformation of Random Variables - Correlation - Regression system – queueing applications. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Queueing Theory: Single and Multiple server Markovian queueing models - customer impatience - Priority queues - M/G/1 queueing system - queueing applications- Point processes: Stationary point processes – Renewal processes (12 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Stochastic Processes Policies of renewal, Renewal function and its asymptotic behaviour – Birth – Death processes – Pure birth Processes - Physical application of point processes – problems-Complex random functions-Bochner’ theorem-Orthogonal processes-Hilbert space of processes-Ergodic theorems-Problems. (12 PERIODS) Reference Books: 1. Taha. H.A., “Operations Research- An Introduction " 7th Edition, PHI, 2003. 2. Srinivasan S.K and Mahata K.M-“Stochastic Processes”-TMH Publishing Co., 3 rd ed 2000. 3. Sankara Rao.K. “Introduction to Partial Differential Equation ", PHI, 1995. 4. Richard A.Johnson, Miller and Freund's “Probability and Statistics for Engineers”, 5th Edition, PHI, 1994. 5. B.Sen,“Special Functions”, S.Chand & co., New Delhi,1990. 6. Pipes.L.A and L.A.Harvil, “Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists”,Mc- GrawHill, Newyork 3rd edition,1970. 7. Margeanau and Murphy, “Mathematics for engineers and physicists”

COURSE CODE : MACS102R02 COURSE : OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS TOTAL PERIODS : 60 CREDITS : 04 UNIT – I – Fiber Guides: Light wave communication systems - system components - optical fibers - SI, GI fibers – modes - Dispersion in fibers - limitations due to dispersion - Fiber losses - non linear effects in fibers - Dispersion shifted and Dispersion flattened fibers (12 PERIODS)

UNIT –II – Optical Transmitters and Receivers: Basic concepts - LED's structures - spectral distribution - semiconductor lasers – gain coefficient – modes - Transmitter design - Receiver design -PIN diode and APD - noise sensitivity and degradation - Receiver amplifier design. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – III – Light Wave Systems:

Coherent, homodyne and heterodyne receiver systems - keying formats - BER in synchronous and asynchronous receivers - sensitivity degradation - system performance - Multichannel, WDM, multiple access networks - WDM components - TDM - Code division multiplexing. (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – IV – Optical Amplifiers: Basic concepts - Semiconductor laser amplifiers- Raman and Brillouin fiber amplifiers - Erbium doped fiber amplifiers - pumping phenomenon - LAN and cascaded in-line amplifiers. (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – V – Dispersion Compensation:

Limitations - Post-and Pre-compensation techniques - Equalizing filters, fiber based gratings – optical solitons - soliton communication system - High capacity and WDM soliton system – soliton, bifurcation and chaos in optics. (12 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. Franz & Jain, " Optical communication: Systems and components”, Narosa Publications, New Delhi, 2006.

2. John M. Senior – “Optical Fiber Communication” – PHI, 2004. 3. Milorad Cvijetic – “Optical transmission Systems Engineering”, Artech House

Inc., 2004. 4. Govind P. Agrawal, “Fiber-Optic Communication Systems”, 3rd ed, Wiley-

Interscience, New York, 2002. 5. Gerd E. Keiser, "Optical Fiber Communications", 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill, New York,

2000. 6. A.Hasegawa, M.Matsumoto – “Optical solitons in Fibers”, Springer, 3rd edition,

2000

COURSE CODE : MACS103R02 COURSE : MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS TOTAL PERIODS : 60 CREDITS : 04

UNIT – I – Microwave Integrated Circuits:

Basic microwave communication system – basic concepts of Microwave Integrated Circuits (MIC)-wave propagation and circuit theory-transmission lines – planar circuits-analytical methods associated with MIC theory – losses in Microstrip – Introduction to coupled Microstrip (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – II – Amplifiers and Oscillators:

Amplifier characterization – Linear amplifier design – Power amplifiers – Tunnel diode amplifier – TWT amplifiers – Parametric amplifier – Masers. Oscillation and stability conditions – Fixed frequency oscillators – Wide band tunable oscillators – Sweep oscillators – Synthesized signal generators. (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – III – Filters, Mixers and Multiplexers:

Filter realization, analysis and synthesis – Filter design – Filter modeling – Practical considerations. Mixer types – Configurations – Analysis – Design considerations. Multiplexers – Multiplexing techniques – Diplexer design – Multiplexer realization.

(12 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Detectors and Control devices:

Noise in Microwave Systems – Sources of noise - noise power and equivalent noise temperature - Detector types – Devices – Design considerations. Devices for microwave control circuits – PIN diode switches, attenuators, modulators and phase shifters. (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – V – LOS Systems and Microwave Networks:

Line of sight communication systems – Digital microwave link, link equation - Power and noise budget considerations – Noise in microwave circuits – Diversity acceptation. Scattering matrix analysis – Signal flow graphs – Microwave network analysis and synthesis. Basic microwave system measurements – Frequency, wavelength, VSWR, impedance, power, attenuation and noise – Using spectrum analyzer – Network analyzer – Microwave test set. (12 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1.Samuel Y. Liao – “Microwave Devices and Circuits” 3rd ed., Pearson Education, 2003. 2.Sajal Kumar Das – “Microwave system engineering” – Khanna publishers, 2000. 3.Matthew. M. Radmahesh – “Radio frequency and microwave electronics” – Pearson education , 2000. 4. David M. Pozar – “Microwave Engineering” – John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1999. 5.R. Chatterjee – “Microwave and Millimeter wave semiconductor devices” – Affiliated East-west Press Pvt. Ltd., 1997. 6Yoshihiro konishi – “Microwave Integrated Circuits” –Marcel Dekker Inc. 1991.

COURSE CODE : MACS 104R02 COURSE : ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TOTAL PERIODS : 60 CREDITS : 04 UNIT – I – Multirate Signal Processing: Introduction – Decimation by a factor D – Interpolation by a factor I – Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor I/D – Filter design and implementation of sampling rate conversion - Multistage implementation of sampling-rate conversion – Sampling-rate conversion of band pass signals – Sampling-rate conversion by an arbitrary factor. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Applications of Multirate Signal Processing: Design of phase shifters – Interfacing of digital systems with different sampling rates – Implementation of narrowband low pass filters – Implementation of digital filter banks – Subband coding of speech signals – Quadrature mirror filters – Transmultiplexers – Oversampling A/D and D/A conversion. Filter design and implementation for sampling-rate conversion: Direct-form FIR filter structures – Polyphase filter structures – Time variant filter structures. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – III – Linear Prediction and Optimum Linear Filters: Forward and backward linear prediction - Relationship of an AR process to linear prediction – Solution of the normal equations – The Levinson – Durbin algorithm – The Schur algorithm – Properties of the linear prediction – Error filters – Autoregressive (AR) lattice and Autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) lattice – Ladder filters – Wiener filters for filtering and prediction – FIR Wiener filters – Orthogonality Principle in LMS estimation – IIR Wiener filter – Noncausal Wiener filter. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Power Spectrum Estimation: Parametric methods for power spectrum estimation – The Yule-Walker and Burg methods for the autoregressive (AR) model parameters – Selection of AR model order – Moving Average (MA) and autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) model for power spectrum estimation – Minimum variance spectral estimation – Eigen analysis algorithms for spectrum estimation: The Pisarenko harmonic decomposition method – Eigen decomposition of the autocorrelation Matrix for sinusoids in white noise – Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) Algorithm – Application of power spectral techniques to beam forming. (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – V – Adaptive Signal Processing: Mean-square error (MSE) and MSE surface – Method of steepest descent as optimization criteria – Convergence properties and mean-square error propagation. Least -mean-square (LMS)algorithms – Applications of LMS algorithms – Echo cancellation – Adaptive waveform coding – Adaptive spectrum analysis. (12 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis – “Digital Signal Processing –

Principles, Algorithms and Applications “– PHI, 3rd ed., 2006.

2. N.Kesavamurthy and S.Narayana Iyer – “Digital Signal Processing”- Jaico

publishing, 2006.

3. Sanjit K. Mitra – “DSP, A Computer Based Approach” – McGraw Hill, 3rd edition

2006.

4. S.V.Narasimhan and S.Veena – “Signal Processing principles and

implementation” - Narosa publishing house, 2005

5. Filese N.J. – “Multi rate DSP” – John Wiley and Sons, 1999.

6. J.S. Lim and A.V. Oppenheim – “Advanced Topics in Signal Processing” –

Pearson Education Ltd,. 1996.

7. Simon Haykin – “Adaptive Filter Theory” – 3rd ed., Pearson Education Ltd, 1996.

8. P.P.Vaidyanathan – “Multirate Systems and filter banks”, PHI, 1993.

COURSE CODE : MACS 106R03 COURSE : COMMUNICATION SIMULATION LAB TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 1

List of Experiments With TMS320C6713 1. Design of FIR filter using windowing technique (Rectangular , Triangular, Kaiser ) a. Low pass b. High pass 2. Design of IIR filter 3. FFT of signal With MATLAB (communication tool) 4. Signal analysis (Multiplexer and Demultiplexer) 5. Design of Nth order FIR filter 6. Design of Adaptive filter 7. Channel analysis a. Noisy channel b. Noiseless channel With LABVIEW software 8. Harmonic analyzer measurement 9. Dual channel spectral measurement of filter design 10. Power spectrum measurement 11. Power density spectrum 12. Modulation Techniques

COURSE CODE : MACS 201R02 COURSE : APPLIED MATHEMATICS TOTAL PERIODS : 60 CREDITS : 04 UNIT – I – Galois Field Application: Finite fields – Irreducible polynomials over finite fields – Definition of GF(2n)– Galois field adder – Combinational logic multipliers – Sequential logic multipliers – Cellular – Array multiplier – Circuits for squares and square roots – Division circuits over GF (2m)– GF (2m)– Arithmetic based on exponent representation – GF(2m)– Arithmetic based on normal basis. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Functional Analysis: Review of Metric Spaces: Definitions, examples, theorems – Normed spaces, Banach spaces: Definitions, properties, Zorn’s lemma, Hahn-Banach theorem. Inner product space, Hilbert space : Properties of inner product spaces, orthogonal complements and direct sums – Projection theorem – Orthonormal sets and sequences. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – III Linear Algebra: Linear transformation – Matrices –Eigen values and Eigen vectors – Quadratic forms – Canonical forms – Similarity Transformation – Pseudo inverse – Singular value decomposition – QR – algorithm – Least square solution. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Optimization Techniques: Search methods – steepest descent method, Quasi – Newton methods, DFP, BFGS, Broyden family conjugate direction methods, Fletcher-Reeves method. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy sets – Operations – Properties and sets as points in hyper cubes – Fuzzy relations – Membership function – Standard forms – Boundaries – Fuzzy logic –approximation – Reasoning – Tautologies – Contradiction – Equivalence – Fuzzy rule based systems.

(12 PERIODS) Reference Books: 1. Kreyszig – “Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications” – John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2006.

2. M.Y. Rhee – “Cryptography and Secure Communications” – McGraw Hill Series on Computer Communications, 2004. 3. Rudolf Lidl, Gu”nter pilz – “Applied Abstract Algebra” – Springer verlag, New York, 2003. 4. S.S.Rao, “Optimization Theory and Applications”- Wiley Eastern Limited 3rd reprint, 1997. 5. Timothy J. Ross – “Fuzzy Logic With Engineering Applications” – McGraw Hill, Inc,1990. 6. G.W.Stewart, “Introduction to matrix computations”- Academic Press.Inc., Newyork, 1973. 7. Lipschitz M.J, “Schaum’s outline of theory and problems of Linear Algebra” –McGraw Hill, Newyork, 1968.

COURSE CODE : MACS 202R02 COURSE : ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TOTAL PERIODS : 60 CREDITS : 04 UNIT – I – Coding: Channel coding: Linear block codes, Generator and parity check matrix, cyclic codes, soft and hard decision decoding of linear block codes. Convolutional codes, transfer function, Optimum decoding – Viterbi algorithm. Trellis coded modulation, Lattice type trellis codes. (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – II – Signal Design for Band Limited Channels: Characterization of band-limited channels – Design of band limited signals for no Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) (Nyquist criterion) and controlled ISI. Data detection for controlled ISI – Signal design for channels with distortion. Probability of error in detection of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) with zero ISI, partial response and in channels with distortion. Modulation codes for spectrum shaping. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – III – Communication through Band Limited Channels: Optimum receiver for channels with ISI and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) – Optimum Maximum Likelihood (ML) receiver – Discrete time model for channel with ISI – Viterbi algorithm for discrete time white noise filter – Performance of Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) for channel with ISI. Equalizers: Linear Equalizers – Peak distortion criterion, MSE distortion criterion, Performance characteristics of MSE, Fractionally spaced equalizers Decision Feedback Equalizers (DFE): Co-efficient optimization – Performance characteristics of DFE – Predictive DFE. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – IV-Digital Modems: Principles of modem techniques – ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, MSK, GMSK, ADSL and DSL – power efficient coherent modems – differentially coherent modems – spectrally efficient modulation techniques and their receiver structures – Performance comparison. (12 PERIODS) UNIT –V – Spread Spectrum: Model for spread spectrum digital communication – Error rate performance of decoder – Application of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) – Effect of pulsed interference on DSSS – Generation of Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence. Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum (FHSS): Performance of FHSS in AWGN and in partial band interference – CDMA system based FHSS signal. Other types of SS signal – Synchronization of SS signal. (12 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. Kamilo Feher – “Advanced Digital Communication” –Affiliated East-West press

Pvt Ltd, 2006.

2. Bernard Sklar – “Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications” –

Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2005.

3. Simon Haykins – “Digital Communication” – John Wiley and Sons, 2005.

4. G. Proakis – “Digital Communication Systems” – Tata McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition.

2000.

COURSE CODE : MACS203R02 COURSE : WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TOTAL PERIODS : 60 CREDITS : 04 UNIT – I – Introduction: Wireless Communication Systems – Basic elements – Problems in wireless communication – Fading, Interference (co-channel, adjacent channel, inter-symbol) – Solutions – Improving link performance – Equalization, Diversity, Channel coding – Linear and non-linear equalizers – Frequency, time and space diversity schemes. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Cellular Radio and Personal Communication Systems: Cellular carriers and frequencies – Channel allocation – Frequency reuse – Mobile and base identification – Turning on a Phone – Originating and receiving a call – Hand-offs – Digital Cellular Systems – Global system for mobile (GSM) standards. (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – III –CDMA system and Introduction to Multi Carrier Systems: Introduction- Spread spectrum Multiple access-code generation-Direct sequence CDMA (DSCDMA) with imperfect power control-Multi-user interference forward and reverse link-Indoor and outdoor CDMA systems (Propagation characteristics, system model, Bit error probability analysis) –Introduction to OFDM – OFDMA-SCFDMA-MCCDMA . (12 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Wireless Data Networking: Wireless LANs – Radio LANs – IEEE802.11 – Bluetooth – Wireless Bridges – Infrared connections – Wireless Modems – Wireless packet data services – Virtual LANs. Multiple access Techniques-Classification of Multiple access protocols- Contentionless (Scheduling) protocols- Contention (Random) proto (12 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Wireless Ad-hoc and ATM Networks: Self-organizing networks – Multihop wireless networks – Routing algorithms – Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) – Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) – Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) – Temporarily Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) – Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) – Fundamentals of Wireless ATM – switch discovery and handover strategies. (12 PERIODS)

Reference Books :

1. Simon Haykin, Michael Moher –“Modern wireless communication” , Prentice Hall, 2005.

2. Stefano Basagni, Marco conti, Silvia Giordano and Ivan stojmenovic – “Mobile Ad-Hoc Networking” , CRC press, 2004.

3. C.Siva Rama murthy and B.S.Manoj – “Ad-hoc wireless networks – Architecture and protocols”, prentice hall, 2004.

4. Roy Blake – “Wireless Communication Systems” – Delmar/Thomson Learning, 2001.

5. Richard Van Nee, Ramjee Prasad “OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications” Artech House,2000.

6. T.S. Rappaport – “Wireless Communication Principles and Practice” – PHI, 2nd ed., 1996.

7. W.C.Y. Lee – “Mobile Cellular Telecommunication” – McGraw Hill, 2nd ed., 1996. 8. C-K Toh – “Wireless ATM and Ad-Hoc Networks Protocols and Architectures”,

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 9. Clint smith.P.E, Curt Gervelis – “Cellular system Design an optimization”,

McGrawHill,1996.

COURSE CODE : MACS204R03 COURSE : IMAGE PROCESSING TOTAL PERIODS : 60 CREDITS : 04

UNIT – I - Fundamentals of Image Processing: Digital image fundamentals – Elements of visual perception – Image model - sampling and Quantization matrix – Vector representation of discrete images – Fourier transform and its properties – Discrete Fourier transform – Discrete cosine transform – Karhunen Leove (KL) transform – Wavelet transform – Digital Video – Sampled Video – Video transmission – Multiframe image restoration. (12 PERIODS)

UNIT – II - Image Enhancement: Point operations – Contrast stretching – Histogram modification techniques – Image smoothening – Image sharpening – Pseudo and colour processing – Image restoration model – Least mean square filter – Interactive restoration – Restoration in spatial domain – Binary image processing image morphology – Non linear filtering with applications. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – III - Image Compression Standards:

Image data compression models – Error free compression – Fundamental coding theorems – Error free coding – Pixel coding – Predictive techniques – Transform coding – Threshold coding – Image compression standards – Joint Picture Expert Group (JPEG) and Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) – DWT – FWT (12 PERIODS) UNIT – IV- Segmentation:

Image segmentation – Detection of discontinuities – Thresholding – Motion in segmentation – Image reconstruction from projections – Tomography – Fan Beam reconstruction – Applications in medical imaging Cardic image processing – mammography. (12 PERIODS) UNIT – V- Applications

Elements of image analysis – Region and scene analysis – Classification techniques – Image understanding systems – Pattern recognition by pattern classes – Neural Networks in image processing – Remote sensing using image processing – Image processing applications – SAR – Probabilistic, View based and Modular models for Recognition (12 PERIODS) Reference Books :

1. Bernd Jahne – “Digital Image Processing”, Springer, 5th edition, 2003. 2. R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, 3/e Addison-Wesley

Publishing Company, 2002. 3. William K.Pratt – “Digital Image Processing”, Third edition, John Wiley & sons,

2001. 4. Anil K. Jain – “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing” – Pearson Education

Ltd.,1995.

COURSE CODE : MACS206R03 COURSE : IMAGE PROCESSING LAB TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 01 List of experiments: 1. Image registration – generating spatial random noise with a specified distribution –

estimating noise parameters

2. Modeling the degradation function geometric transformation and image restoration

3. Iterative nonlinear restoration using Lucy – Richardson Algorithm

4. Spatial filtering of color images

5. Image compression units - Coding redundancy

6. Psycho visual redundancy

7. JPEG compression

8. Morphological reconstruction and Gray scale morphological

9. Image segmentation line detection using Margh Transformation

10. Image segmentation using region based

11. Boundary descriptors – Region descriptors

12. Object Recognition – decision theoretic methods

COURSE CODE : E01

COURSE : DIGITAL COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT – I – Review Of Digital Communication Techniques Base band and band pass communication, signal space representation– linear and nonlinear modulation techniques and Spectral characteristics of digital modulation. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Optimum Receivers for AWGN Channel Correlation demodulator – matched filter–maximum likelihood sequence detector–optimum receiver for CPM signals – M-ary orthogonal signals – envelope detectors for M-ary and correlated binary signals.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – III – Receivers for Fading Channels Characterization of fading multiple channels – statistical models – Slow fading frequency selective fading – Diversity technique – RAKE demodulator – coded waveform for fading channel.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Synchronization Techniques Carrier and signal synchronization – carrier phase estimation – PLL – Decision directed loops – symbol timing estimation – maximum likelihood and non-decision directed timing estimation – joint estimation.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Adaptive Equalization Zero forcing algorithm – LMS algorithm – Adaptive decision feedback equalizer and Equalization of Trellis-coded signals – Kalman algorithm – Blind equalizers and stochastic gradient algorithm – Echo cancellation.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books :

1. John. G. Proakis – “Digital Communication” – 4th ed., McGraw Hill, New York,2001.

2. Simon Marvin – “Digital communication Over Fading Channel; An Unified Approach to Performance Analysis” – John Wiley, New York, 2000.

3. Heinrich Meyer, Mare Moeneclacy and Stefan.A.Fechtal – “Digital Communication Receivers” – Vol. I and Vol. II, John Wiley, New York, 1997.

4. E.A.Lee and D.G.Messerschmitt – “ Digital Communication” – 2nd ed., Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1994.

COURSE CODE : E02 COURSE : ADVANCED RADIATING SYSTEMS TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT – I – Basic Concepts of Radiation and Radiating Systems Potential functions and EM field – Radiation mechanism – Current distribution of antennas – Radiation from surface current and line current distribution – Application of network theorems to antennas – Antenna parameters – Directional and impedance concepts.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Analysis and Design of Array and Aperture Antennas Dipole antennas – Loop antennas – Array antennas – Types – Current distribution – Phased arrays – Optimization of array pattern – Aperture antennas – Radiation from aperture – Field equivalence principle – Babinet’s principle. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – III – Analysis and Design of Broadband and Microstrip Antennas Helical antennas – Yagi antennas – Microstrip antennas – Radiation mechanism, feeding structure, circular and rectangular patches – Annular ring antennas, Input impedance – Microstrip arrays.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Analysis and Design of Reflector Antennas Reflector antennas – design consideration – Plane reflector – Corner reflector – Parabolic reflectors, spherical reflectors – Antennas for special applications (Qualitative treatment only). (9 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Antenna Measurements and EMI / EMC Antenna measurement and instrumentation – Antenna ranges – Radiation pattern – Gain measurements – Directivity – Impedance – Radiation efficiency, current and polarization measurements. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) / Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) : Introduction to EMI and EMC – EMI sources – EMI and EMC measurements – EMI control in components and circuits.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books : 1. J.D. Krauss and Ronald J Marhefka– “Antennas for all applications” – Tata McGraw Hill, 3 ed.2004, 2. Constantine A. Balanis – “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design” – 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, 2002. 3. V.P. Kodali – “Engineering EMC – Principles, Measurement and Technologies” – CRC press, 1996 4. William D. Stanley, Richard F. Harrington – “Lines and Fields in Electronic Technology” – Pearson education, 1994.

COURSE CODE : E03 COURSE : ADAPTIVE FILTER THEORY TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT – I – Introduction The filtering problem – Adaptive filters – Linear filter structures – Approaches to the development of Linear Adaptive filtering Algorithms – Non-linear adaptive filters – Applications.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Linear Optimum Filtering Wiener filters: Linear optimum filtering – Principle of orthogonality – Minimum mean – Squared error – Wiener-Hopf equations – Error performance surface. Kalman filters: Recursive minimum mean – Square estimation for scalar random variables – Statement of the Kalman filtering problem – The innovation process – Estimation of the state using the innovations process – Filtering – Initial conditions.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – III – Linear Adaptive Filtering Method of steepest descent: Steepest Descent Algorithm – Stability of the Steepest Descent algorithm. Least-Mean-Square Algorithm: Least-Mean-Square Adaptation Algorithm – Stability and performance analysis of the LMS algorithm.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Method of Least Squares Statement of the linear Least Squares estimation problem – Data windowing – Minimum sum of error squares – Normal equations and linear Least Squares filters – Time- Averaged correlation matrix – Properties of Least Squares estimate. Recursive Least Squares algorithm: The exponentially weighted recursive Least Squares algorithm – Update recursion for the sum of weighted error squares.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Non-linear Adaptive Filters Blind deconvolution : Bussgang algorithm for blind equalization of real baseband channels – Extension of Bussgang algorithms to complex baseband channels – Blind channel identification and equalization using polyspectra – Channel identifiability using cyclostationary statistics – Subspace decomposition for fractionally–spaced blind identification.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books :

1. John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis – “Digital Signal Processing – Principles, Algorithms and Applications “– Pearson Education Ltd., 3rd ed., 2006.

2. J.S. Lim and A.V. Oppenheim – “Advanced Topics in Signal Processing” – Pearson Education Ltd., 1996.

3. Simon Haykin – “Adaptive Filter Theory” – 3rd ed., Pearson Education Ltd., 1996.

COURSE CODE : E04 COURSE : SPEECH PROCESSING TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT – I – Nature of Speech Signal Speech production mechanism – Classification of speech sounds – Nature of speech signal – models of speech production. Speech Signal Processing: Purpose of speech signal processing – Digital models for speech signal – Digital processing of speech signals – Significance of short-time analysis.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Time Domain Methods for Speech Processing Time domain parameters of speech – Methods for extracting the parameters – Zero crossings – Auto correlation function – Pitch estimation.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – III – Frequency Domain Methods for Speech Processing Short-time Fourier analysis – Filter – Bank analysis – Spectrographic analysis – Format extraction – Pitch extraction – Analysis – Synthesis systems.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Linear Predictive Coding of Speech Formulation of linear prediction problem in time domain – solution of normal equations – Interpretation of linear prediction in auto-correlation and spectral domains.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Homomorphic Speech Analysis Cepstral analysis of speech – Formant and pitch estimation – Applications of speech signal processing. Speech recognition – Speech synthesis and speaker verification – Loss due to coding.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books : 1. Wai.C.Chu – “Speech coding algorithms” , John Wiley & sons, 2003 2. Ben Gold, Nelson Morgan –“Speech and Audio signal Processing”, John wiley &

sons, 2000. 3. Chris Rowden –“Speech Processing”, McGrawHill, 1992. 4. I.H. Witten – “Principles of Computer Speech” – Academic Press, 2nd ed., 1982 5. L.R. Rabiner and R.E. Schafer – “Digital Processing of Speech Signals” – PHI,

1978.

COURSE CODE : E05 COURSE : ERROR CONTROL CODING TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT – I – Introduction to Error Control Coding and Linear Block Codes The coding problem – Coding gain and bandwidth efficiency – Error control by FEC and ARQ – Types of ARQ – Hybrid FEC and ARQ - Introduction to linear block codes – Systematic and nonsystematic forms – Matrix description of linear block codes – Standard arrays – Hamming codes – Syndrome concept and Syndrome decoding.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Cyclic Codes Properties of cyclic codes – Generator polynomial – Parity check polynomial - Generator and parity check matrix description of cyclic codes – Syndrome computation and error detection – Decoding of cyclic codes – Cyclic Hamming codes – Shortened cyclic codes – Encoding and decoding circuits for cyclic codes.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – III – BCH Codes General principles – Description of BCH codes – Binary BCH codes – Key equations for decoding and principles of implementation – Non-binary BCH codes – Reed-Solomon codes.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Convolutional Codes Introduction – Encoding of convolutional codes – Structural properties of convolutional codes – Distance properties – Maximum likelihood decoding – Viterbi algorithm – Implementation of Viterbi algorithm – Sequential decoding – Stack algorithm and Fano algorithm – Performance characteristics of sequential decoding – Trellis codes. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Special Codes and Coding Techniques Finite Geometry codes: Fundamentals – Reed Muller codes. Burst error-correcting codes: Burst error correcting cyclic codes and convolutional codes. Spectral decoding techniques: Fourier transform in Galois field – Decoding algorithm based on spectral techniques – Reed Solomon decoding using spectral techniques. (9 PERIODS) Reference Books :

1. Shulin and D.J. Castello Jr. – “Error Control Coding Fundamentals and Applications” Pearson Education Ltd., 2002.

2. I.A. Glover and P.M. Grant – “Digital Communications” – Pearson Education Ltd,.1998.

3. Marvin K. Simon, Sami M. Hinedi, William C. Lindsey - “Digital Communication Techniques” –– PHI of India, 1999.

4. Simon Haykin – “Digital Communications” – John Wiley and Sons, 1998.

COURSE CODE : E06 COURSE : NETWORK SECURITY TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 3 UNIT – I – Conventional Encryption Introduction – Conventional encryption model – Steganography – data Encryption Standard – block cipher – Encryption algorithms – confidentiality – key distribution.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Public Key Encryption and Hashing Principles of public key cryptosystems – RSA algorithm – Diffie-Hellman key Exchange – Elliptic curve cryptography – message authentication and Hash functions – Hash and MAC algorithms – Digital signatures.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – III – IP Security IP Security Overview – IP security Architecture – Authentication Header – Security payload – Security associations – Key Management.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV –WEB Security Web security requirement – Secure sockets layer – Transport layer security – Secure electronic transaction – Dual signature.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – V – System Security Basics of hacking - Intruders – Viruses – Worms – Firewall design – Trusted systems – Antivirus techniques – Digital Immune systems.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books :

1. Roberta Bragg , Keith E. Strass berg, Mark Rhodes Ousley – “Network security – The complete reference “ – Mcgraw-Hill Professional, 2004.

2. Eric Mai Wald – “Fundamentals of network security “ – Mcgraw hill, 2003. 3. William Stallings – “Cryptography and Network Security” – 2nd ed., Prentice Hall

of India, New Delhi, 1999.

COURSE CODE : E07 COURSE NAME : NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHM CREDITS : 45 TOTAL PERIODS : 3 UNIT – I – Circuit Switched Networks Routing in circuit-switched networks – Static routing algorithm – Dynamic routing algorithms – Dynamic alternate routing (Topology-routing tables) – Dynamic adaptive routing – DTM (Dynamic Traffic Management).

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – II – Packet Switching Networks Distance vector routing – Inter domain routing – Link state routing – Apple talk routing and SNA routing.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – III – High Speed Networks Routing in optical networks – Routing in ATM networks – Routing in PLANET networks and Deflection routing.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV – Mobile Networks Routing in cellular radio mobile communication networks – Packet radio routing.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – V – Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) Internet based mobile ad-hoc networking – Communication strategies – Routing algorithms Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) – Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) – Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Temporarily Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) – Quality of service.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books :

1. William Stallings – “High Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design principles” – Prentice Hall, New York, 1998.

2. Gerald R.Ash – “Dynamic Routing in Telecommunication Networks”, McGrawHill, 1998.

3. Martha Steen Strub – “Routing in Communication Networks” – Prentice Hall International, New York, 1995.

COURSE CODE : E08 COURSE : HIGH SPEED SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 3 UNIT – I –High Speed Network Introduction – LAN – WAN – Network evolution through ISDN to B-ISDN – Transfer mode and control of B-ISDN, SDH multiplexing structure, ATM standard, ATM adaptation layers.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – II –LAN Switching Technology Switching concepts – switch forwarding techniques – switch path control – LAN switching – cut through forwarding – store and forward – virtual LANs.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – III –ATM Switching Architecture Switch models – Blocking networks – Basic and enhanced banyan networks – Sorting networks – Merge sorting – rearrangeable networks – Full and partial connection networks – Non-blocking networks – Recursive network construction – comparison of non-blocking network – switches with deflection routing – Shuffle switch – tandem banyan.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV –Queues in ATM Switches Internal Queuing – Input, output and shared queuing – multiple queuing networks – Combined input, output and shared queuing – Performance analysis of Queued switches.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT – V –IP Switching: Addressing model – IP Switching types – Flow driven and topology driven solutions – IP and ATM – Multicasting – IPv6.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books :

1. Ranier Handel, Manfred N Huber, Stefan Schrodder, “ATM Networks – Concepts, Protocols, Applications”, 3rd ed., Adisson Wesley, New York, 2006.

2. Christopher Y Metz, “Switching Protocols and Architectures”, McGraw Hill Professional Publishing, New York, 1998.

3. Achille Pattavina, “Switching Theory: Architectures and Performance in Broadband ATM Networks”, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York, 1998.

COURSE CODE : E09 COURSE : MODELING AND SIMULATION TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 3 Unit –I – Systems, models, and simulation Continuous / discrete, static/dynamic, and deterministic/stochastic systems, discrete event simulation, time-advance mechanisms, simulation reports; continuous simulation; Monte Carlo simulation; modeling of complex systems; advantages and weaknesses of computer simulation; areas of application.

(9 PERIODS) Unit – II – Review of probability and statistics Mean variance and probability distributions; random number generation; methods of generating random variates-Inverse transform, composition etc., discrete random variates, generating correlated random variates. Queuing models: single server and multiple server systems, arrival and departure patterns, theoretical results for some queuing systems.

(9 PERIODS) Unit – III – Simulation software Process and event oriented simulations; modeling elements and approaches; general features, statistics gathering (software like GPSS, SIMSCRIPT II.5) – Queuing systems, management of sets (software like MODSIM II) – MATLAB environment, programming, modeling with matrices, introduction to dynamic system (simulation using software like SIMULINK, applications of SIMULINK).

(9 PERIODS) Unit – IV – Validation Basic principles of valid simulation, verification techniques; statistical methods for verification - confidence-interval approach, time-series approach.

(9 PERIODS) Unit – V – Output data analysis Transient and steady state behavior, statistical analysis, measures of performance and their estimation; output analysis for steady state simulations - sample size, initial bias, replication methods, batch mean and time plots.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books :

1. Banks, Carson, Nelson, Nica, “Discrete-Event System Simulation” – Prentice Hall; 4rd ed., 2005.

2. Averill M. Law, David W. Kelton, W. David Kelton and David M. Kelton “Simulation Modeling and Analysis” – 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1999.

COURSE CODE : E10 COURSE : ADVANCED IP FOR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT I - IP telephony with H.323 Introduction to multimedia transport on IP networks–point to point call signaling–multipoint conference–QSIG internetworking with H.323–H.323 security–H.323 mobility

(9 PERIODS) UNIT II - Unicasting and Multicast IP Basics of group communication – Unicast communication – Unicast Vs Multicast – Multicast IP fundamentals – Internet group management protocol V1 and V2 –Introduction to multicast routing and forwarding – Multicast extensions to OSPF–MBone (9 PERIODS) UNIT III - Mobile IP Need for mobile IP–Registration–Tunneling: IP fragmentation, IP encapsulation, Minimal encapsulation, generic routing encapsulation – Support for other protocols within the IP frame work–Tunnel establishment protocol–Mobile IPv6 components. (9 PERIODS) UNIT IV - IP over WDM Networking architecture–IP over reconfigurable WDM–IP over switched WDM– IP /WDM routing-IP/WDM signaling–WDM network element control and management protocol–Modeling of IP over WDM traffic engineering–IP over WDM traffic engineering functional frame work–IP over WDM user to network interface. (9 PERIODS) UNIT V - IPv6 Limitations of IPv4– IPv6 specifications–IPv6 addressing architecture–routing issues– Managing IPv6 inter networks–API and security–implementing IPv6 (9 PERIODS) Reference Books :-

1. Kevin H. Liu -“IP over WDM”-John wiley & sons ltd, 2003. 2. Mark A.Miller.P.E-“Implementing IPv6”-2nd edition, Hungry Minds IDG books

India(p) ltd, 2003. 3. Vincent Kumar, Markkukorpi and Senthil Sengodan-“IP telephony with H.323

architecture for unified networks and integrated services”-Wiley computer publishing- John Wiley & sons.inc.2001.

4. Ralph Wittmann and Martina Zitter Bart – “Multicast Communication Protocols and Applications” – Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Harcourt India (P) Ltd, 2001

5. James D. Solomon-“Mobile IP the internet unplugged”-Prentice hall series in computer networking and distributed systems, Prentice hall,1998.

6. Thomas A.Maufer-“Deploying IP multicast in the enterprise”-Prentice hall PTR,1998.

COURSE CODE : E11 COURSE NAME : CRYPTOGRAPHY CREDITS : 45 TOTAL PERIODS : 3 UNIT – I- Key Management Key length: Symmetric, Public Key Management: Generating Keys, Non linear key spaces, Transferring keys, Verifying keys, Using keys, storing keys, back up keys, Compromised keys, Life time of keys, Destroying keys, Public key management. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – II - Algorithm Types and modes Electronic Codebook Mode – Cipher Block Chaining Mode, Stream Ciphers, Self – Synchronizing Stream Ciphers, Output Feedback Mode, Counter mode. Other Block Cipher Modes, Choosing a cipher Mode, Block Cipher Vs stream Ciphers. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – III - Cryptographic Algorithm Data Encryption Standard: Background – Description of DES – Security of DES. Differential and linear cryptanalysis, New DES, IDEA, GOST, Double encryption, Triple encryption, Doubling the block length. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – IV- Public length algorithms One way Hash Functions – N-HASH, SHA Public Key Algorithm – Knap sack, RSA, Public Key Digital signature – DSA, GOST DSA key exchange Algorithms. – Diffie-Hellman, encrypted key exchange. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – V - Disappearing Cryptography Information hiding: Steganography & Water marking. Framing information – reasons for secrecy – Attacks on steganography –information hiding in Text, Image, Voice – Watermarks – Steganalysis. (9 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice” Prentice Hall professional and Technical Reference, 3ed Edition, 2007.

2. Richard. E. Smith, “Internet Cryptography”, Addison – Wesley, 2006 3. Peter Wayner – “Disappearing Cryptography Information hiding: Steganography

& Watermarking”, Morgan Kauf Mann Publishers – Second edition, 2002. 4. Stinson, “Crptography – Theory and Practice”, CRC Press, second edition 2002. 5. Goldreich, “Foundations of cryptography”, Cambridge University Press, 2001. 6. Alfred. J. Menezes, Paul C. van OorSchot, Scott A. Van Stone, “Handbook of

applied Cryptography”, CRC Press, 1996. 7. Bruce Schneiner, “Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms and Source code

in C”, Second Edition, Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated, October 1995.

COURSE CODE : E12 COURSE : REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 3 Unit –I - Fundamentals of OS and RTOS Basic Principles - system calls and interface - RTOS Characteristics and Types - Kernel - concurrency Vs parallelism - scheduling algorithm (round-robin, Pre-emptive priority).

(9 PERIODS) Unit – II - Kernel Objects for IPC Tasks - tasks states – operation - task structure - semaphores (binary, counting & mutex) - message queues – pipes – event – signal - conditional variables – pseudo codes for IPC objects -critical session - deadlocks and its avoidance -Timing management : Real time clock – PIT -, Timer ISR - software Timer. (9 PERIODS) Unit – III - Distributed Operating Systems Distributed system characteristics – Networking and internetworking - Client server model - Remote Procedure Call (RPC) - Distributed Operating systems. (9 PERIODS) Unit – IV - Real time memory management Process Stack Management: TCB - Managing stack – run time ring buffer - maximum stack size -multiple stack arrangements - TCB model - Dynamic Memory allocation: Swapping –Overlays - MFT – MVT - Demand Paging - Replacement Algorithm - Memory locking - Working set - RT Garbage collections -Contiguous file systems. Basic Design using RTOS: Overview – principles - RTOS for Image Processing.

(9 PERIODS) Unit – V - Exceptions and Interrupts Polled loop systems – PIC - Exception classification –priorities - Installing handlers -saving processor status -loading and invoking handlers -nested exceptions and stack overflow – handlers - ESR Vs ISR -execution timing -spurious interrupts. (9 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. Qing Li, “Real time Concepts for Embedded Systems “, CMP Books, 2003. 2. Phillips A.Laplante, ”Real-Time Systems design and analysis”, Prentice Hall of

India, 2002. 3. Charles Crowley, “Operating Systems-A Designed – Oriented Approach”

,McGraw- Hill,1997. 4. George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore, TimeKindberg, ”Distributed Systems concepts

and design”,second edition, Addision – Wesley, David E.Simon, “An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson Education.

COURSE CODE : E13 COURSE : MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT – I- Introduction Brief history of data compression applications, Overview of information theory,redundancy.Overview of Human audio, Visual systems,Taxonomy of compression techniques.Overview of source coding,,source models,scalar quantisation theory,rate distribution theory, vector quantisation,structure quanitizers.Evaluation techniques-error analysis and methodologies (9 PERIODS) UNIT - II.-Text Compression Compact techniques-Huffmann coding-arithmetic coding-Shannon-Fano coding and dictionary techniques-LZW family algorithms.Entropy measures of performance-Quality measures. (9 PERIODS) UNIT - III - Audio Compression Audio compression techniques-frequency domain and filtering-basic subband coding-application to speech coding-G.722-application to audio coding-MPEG audio, progressive encoding for audio—silence compression, speech compression techniques-Vocoders

(9 PERIODS) UNIT –IV- Image Compression Predictive techniques-PCM, DPCM, DM.Contour based compression- quadtrees, EPIC, SPIHT, Transform coding, JPEG, JPEG-2000, JBIG

(9 PERIODS) UNIT -V- Video Compression Video signal representation,Video compression techniques-MPEG,Motion estimation technioques- H.261.Overview of Wavelet based compression and DVI technology,Motion video compression,PLV performance,DVI real time compression

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. Mark Nelson, “Data compression book”,BPB Publishers, New Delhi,1998. 2. Peter D.Symes – “Video compression” , McGrawHill,1998. 3. N.Jayant – “Signal compression - coding of Speech,Audio,Text,Image and

Video”, world scientific, 1997. 4. Sayood Khaleed, “Introduction to data compression”, Morgan Kauffman, London,

1995 5. Watkinson,J. “Compression in video and audio”, Focal press, London. 1995 6. Jan Vozer, "Video compression for multimedia”, AP profes, NewYork, 1995.

COURSE CODE : E14 COURSE : SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR MOBILE OMMUNICATION TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT- I - Channel Modeling and Estimation Perspectives of signal processing for mobile communication system – Channel modeling and estimation – Multipath propagation models for broadband wireless system- modeling and estimation of mobile channels – Mobile satellite channels: statistical models and performance analysis – Mobile velocity estimation for wireless communications.

(9 PERIODS) Unit II - Modulation Techniques for Wireless Communications Adaptive coded modulation for transmission over fading channels – signaling constellations for transmission over non linear channels – carrier frequency synchronization for Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (9 PERIODS) UNIT III - Multiple Input And Multiple Output (Mimo) Systems Principles of MIMO-OFDM wireless system - Space Time coding and signal processing for broadband wireless communications – linear Precoding for MIMO systems. (9 PERIODS) UNIT IV - Wireless Geolocation Techniques FCC regulations for E- 911 – Location based services (LDS) – Geolocation methods and algorithm – Location estimation parameters – Angle of Antenna (AOA) estimation - Range estimation – Joint parameter estimation.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT V - Emerging Techniques And Applications Time frequency signal processing for wireless communication – Monte Carlo signal processing for digital communication – Principles of Chaos communication.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. Mohamed ibnkahla, “Signal processing for mobile communication Handbook”- CRC press LLC, 2004.

2. G.Chen and T.Ueta, “Chaos in circuits and systems “, World scientific publishing co., 2002.

3. S.Sampei , “Application of Digital wireless technologies to global wireless communication” – Englewood Ciffs NJ, Prentice Hall

COURSE CODE : E15 COURSE : PHOTONICS TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT-I Optical Properties of Conductors Optical Properties of Conductors: Atomistic view: Drude model - Plasma frequency – Band structures in metals - Density of states – Coloration in metals – Optical properties of superconductors – Measurement techniques

(9 PERIODS) UNIT-II Optical Properties of Insulators Introduction - Harmonic oscillator theory: Classical model (Lorentz) - Quantum mechanical treatment - Selection rules for transitions between atomic levels –Propagation of light through insulators - Refractive index and dispersion: Clausius-Mosotti equation – dipersion of different glasses – Temperature dependence of the refractive index.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT-III Optical Properties of Semiconductors Free-electron gas (Sommerfeld theory) - Nearly free-electron model - Bloch theory - Density of states - Band structure - Impurity states and lattice imperfections - Donor and acceptor bands - Band tails – Excitons - Donor-acceptor pairs – Directgap semiconductors –Indirect-gap semiconductors – Polaritons

(9 PERIODS) UNIT- IV Nonlinear Optical Processes in Materials Nonlinear processes - Mathematical treatment - The anharmonic oscillator – Third order optical Nonlinearity - Second-order susceptibility – Materials - Third-order susceptibility –Nonlinear index and absorption - DC Field-induced processes - Materials

(9 PERIODS) UNIT-V Photonic Devices Introduction – optical waveguides – fiber grating – couplers – optical amplifiers – fiber lasers – interferometers – optical modulators

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. Bahaa E.A. Saleh and Malvin Carl Teich, “Fundamentals of Photonics”, Wiley-Interscience, 2007.

2. Ralf Menzel, “Photonics”, Springer, 2001 3. Safa O. Kasap, “Optoelectronics and Photonics: Principles and Practices”,

Prentice Hall, 2001. 4. Govind P. Agrawal, “Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics”, “ Elsevier Inc, 2001 5. Joseph H. Simmons and Kelly S. Potter, “Optical Materials”, Elsevier Inc, 2000

COURSE CODE : E16 COURSE : OPTICAL NETWORKS TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT-I First-Generation Optical Networks Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) – Computer Interconnects – Metropolitan-Area networks - Layered architecture – SONET/SDH layers –Second generation optical network layers

(9 PERIODS) UNIT-II Broadcast and Select Networks Topologies for broadcast networks – interconnected stars – Media-Access Control (MAC)Protocols – synchronization – slotted aloha/slotted aloha – throughput analysis – scheduling Protocols – throughput analysis – delay versus throughput – scheduling deterministic traffic – Scalability and traffic classes

(9 PERIODS) UNIT-III Wavelength Routing Networks Optical Layer – Node designs – degree of wavelength conversion – multiple fiber networks – Degree of transparency – realizations – Network design and operation – Traffic models and performance criteria – network types – static and reconfigurable – routing and wavelength assignment.

(9 PERIODS) UNIT-IV Virtual Topology Design The virtual topology design problem – combined SONET/WDM network design – integer linear programming formulation – regular virtual topologies – implementation in broad and select networks

(9 PERIODS) UNIT-V Control and Management Network management functions – configuration management – equipment and connection management – performance management – fault management – protection concepts – ring networks – mesh networks – optical safety – optical fiber control protocol – systems with optical amplifiers.

(9 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. Ulyless Black, “Optical Network” 3rd ed Generation transport System” Prentice Hall, 2002.

2. C.SivaRam Murthy & Mohan Gurusamy “WDM Optical Networks Concepts, Design and Algorithm”, Prentice Hall 2001.

3. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan , “Optical Networks. A Practical Perspective”, Harcourt Asia Pte Ltd, 2000.

COURSE CODE : E17 COURSE : PERVASIVE COMPUTING TOTAL PERIODS : 45 CREDITS : 03 UNIT – I Introduction to Pervasive Computing Introduction to pervasive computing, Vision, challenges, application examples, Device technology: Hardware – human-machine interfaces – Biometrics – operating systems – Java for pervasive devices. Device connectivity: Protocols – security –device management. Mobile computing models, system level support, mobility, failure recovery, information management, broadcast, caching, querrying location data, Location and data-management for mobile computing. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – II Web Application Concepts and Voice Technology Web application concepts : Protocols – Transcoding – WAP and beyond: Components of the WAP Architecture – WAP infrastructure – WAP Security issues – WAP push – Products – I-mode. Voice technology: Voice standards – speech applications – Speech and pervasive computing – Security. Personal digital assistants: Device categories-Personal digital assistant operating systems – device characteristics – software components – standards – mobile applications – personal digital assistant browsers. Mobile networking for smart dust, direct diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks, negotiation based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks. (9 PERIODS) UNIT – III Architectures Architectures : Pervasive web application architecture, system architecture directions for network sensors, networked sensor architecture for large scale sensor networks, wireless LAN’s IEEE802.11, Blue tooth317. Example application, Access from pc’s, Access via WAP, Access from PDA’s, Access via Voice.

Smart-card-based authentication via the internet – Implementation for synchronized devices – implementation for intermittently connected devices – Implementation for connected devices. Access via voice. Extending the example application to voice access. (9 PERIODS) UNIT-IV AD-HOC Networks Ad-hoc networks: Dynamic source routing, “Rumor Routing” algorithm for sensor networks, basic distributed computing concepts, client-server communication, scalable location service for geographic ad-hoc routing.

TCP over wireless, comparison mechanism for improving TCP performance over wireless, links analysis of TCP performance over mobile ad-hoc networks.

(9PERIODS)

UNIT-V Database Architecture Data – centric storage in sensornets, mobile file systems, mobile middleware security in sensor networks, mobile agents, OS support for mobile agents, Real time application RAP: real time communication architecture for large scale wireless sensor networks.

Database architecture for handling mobile clients, Querying the sensor networks mobile databases, Satellite networks-TCP/IP performance, satellite links, power management for mobile communication, exploiting weak connectivity for mobile file access, system support for mobile , adaptive applications. (9 PERIODS) Reference Books:

1. Jochen Burklardt, Horst Henn Stefan Hepper, Klaus Rindtorff, Thomas Scanhack, “Pervasive computing: technology and architecture of mobile Internet applications”, Addison Wesley Publishers, 2002.

2. Uwe Hansmann, et al, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, “Pervasive Computing andbook”, GmbH & Co., 2001.

3. Satyanarayanan, “Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges”, IEEE Personal

Communications, August 2001.