SANS282 - Steel Detailing Code

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ISBN 978-0-626-26322-5 SANS 282:2011

Edition 6

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Bending dimensions and scheduling of steelreinforcement for concrete

Published by SABS Standards Division1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568www.sabs.co.za

SABS



SANS 282:2011Edition 6

Table of changes

Change No. Date Scope

Foreword

This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59A, Constructionstandards – Cement, lime and concrete, in accordance with procedures of the SABS StandardsDivision, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.

This document was published in October 2011.

This document supersedes SANS 282:2004 (edition 5.1).

Annex A forms an integral part of this document.






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Bending dimensions and scheduling of steel reinforcementfor concrete

1 Scope

This standard specifies bending dimensions, the methods of measuring bending dimensions andthe scheduling of steel bars that are used for the reinforcement of concrete.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. Fordated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid nationaland international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.

SANS 920, Steel bars for concrete reinforcement.

SANS 1024, Welded steel fabric for reinforcement of concrete.

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.

3.1bendend portion of a bar, bent through 90° with respect to the adjacent portion of the bar and comprisinga length n as shown in figures 2 and 3

3.2bending schedulelist in which the nominal sizes, types of steel, cutting lengths, bending shapes and dimensions ofbars are given

NOTE Throughout this standard, the diameter of a reinforcing bar is indicated as “d” and the standard radiusof bending of such bar as "r ".

3.3calculated lengthcalculated length of a bar, measured along its centre line

NOTE Approximate values determined from the formulae given in table 1 are acceptable.




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3.4cornerchange of direction in a bar other than a bend or hook

3.5cutting lengthtotal length (subject to a tolerance of ± 25 mm) specified in the schedule for each bar or for wires ineach sheet of fabric, rounded up to the nearest 50 mm

3.6hookend portion of a bar, bent through 180° with respect to the adjacent portion of the bar andcomprising a length h as shown in figures 2 and 3

3.7run-off legportion of a bar which is undimensioned and the dimension of which may deviate from the intendeddimension, as explained in 4.2.1.4

4 Bending dimensions

4.1 General

4.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in a bending schedule, all dimensions given in the schedule shall bemeasured as shown in table 1 (i.e. shall be the external (outer) dimensions of the bends as shownin figure 1(b) and figure 1(c)). For deformed reinforcement, the extremities of the deformation shallbe taken as forming the outside surface.




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Table 1 — Measurement of bending d imensions

1 2 3 4

Shapecode Method of measurementof bending dimensions

Calculated lengtha

(measured alongcentre line)

Information (sketch and

dimensions) to be given inbending schedule

20 A Straight

36

( A + C + E)+ 0,57 (B + D)

- 3,14d

If B or D > 400 + 2d,see note 1 of 4.2.5

37

A + B - ½r - d

If r is non-standard, useshape code 51

38

A + B + C - r - 2d

A + B + C - r - 2d

39

A + 0,57 B + C - 1,57d

If B > 400 + 2d,see note 1 of 4.2.5.

Where so desired, the standard radius r for corners may be increased, but shall not apply to end anchoragesdenoted by h or n. See 4.2.3.1.

NOTE 1 r indicates the minimum values in figures 2 and 3.

NOTE 2 The dimensionless sections of the bars are the run-off legs.

NOTE 3 Ensure that dimension B is greater than 14d for smooth mild steel and greater than 18d fordeformed steel.

NOTE 4 The length formula is approximate and when bending angles exceed 45°, the length should becalculated more accurately allowing for the difference between the specified overall dimensions and the truelength measured along the centre line of the bar or wire.a

These lengths are approximate and generally involve a slight positive difference from the exactmathematical expressions.




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Table 1 (continued)

1 2 3 4

Shape

code

Method of measurement

of bending dimensions

Calculated lengtha


Information (sketch anddimensions) to be given in

bending schedule

41

If angle with horizontal is 45°or less

A + B + C

otherwise see note 4

42


A + B + C + n


43


A + 2B + C + E


45


A + B + C - ½ r - d


48


A + B + C




NOTE 2 The dimensionless sections of the bars are the run-off legs.NOTE 3 Ensure that dimension B is greater than 14d for smooth mild steel and greater than 18d fordeformed steel.






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1 2 3 4

Shapecode

Method of measurementof bending dimensions

Calculated lengtha



bending schedule

49


A + B + C


51

A + B - 0,43 R - 1,21d

If R is standard, use shapecode 37

If R > 200 mm

See note 1 to 4.2.5

52

A + B + C + D -3/2 r - 3d

53

A + B + C + D + E

-2r - 4d










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Table 1 (continued)

1 2 3 4

Shape

code



Calculated lengtha




54

A + B + C - r - 2d

55

A + B + C + D + E -2r - 4d

60

2 A + 2B + 2n - 3r /2 - 3d



NOTE 2 The dimensionless sections of the bars are the run-off legs.NOTE 3 Ensure that dimension B is greater than 14d for smooth mild steel and greater than 18d fordeformed steel.






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Table 1 (continued)

1 2 3 4

Shape

code



Calculated lengtha




62


A + C


65 A

72

2 A + B + 2h - r - 2d

See note 3

73

2 A + B + C + n - 3r /2 - 3d




NOTE 3 Ensure that dimension B is greater than 14d for smooth mild steel and greater than 18d for deformedsteel.


These lengths are approximate and generally involve a slight positive difference from the exact

mathematical expressions.




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Table 1 (continued)

1 2 3 4

Shape

code



Calculated lengtha



bending schedule

74

2 A + 3B + 2n - 2r - 4d

75

A + B + C +2D + E + n - 5r /2 - 5d

81

2 A + r + d + 2h

For larger radii, see 4.2.5,note to table 5 and refer to

shape code 99

83

A + 2B + C + D - 2r - 4d










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Table 1 (concluded)

1 2 3 4

Shapecode

Method of measurementof bending dimensions

Calculated lengtha




85

A + B + 0,57C + D - ½r - 2,57d

If C is greater than400 + 2d, see 4.2.5

86

X2B2d)(AπB

C++−××

Where X = 2 · π · (A-d) and Bdoes not exceed A/5 or

150 mm,whichever is the least.

There shall be at least twofull turns in the helix.

Where an additional turn isrequired at the helix' end(s), itshall be treated as a shapecode 99.

99 All other shape codes

Provide either a dimensioned

sketch or a referenced sketchwith dimensions A, B, C, D, E/R shown in the schedule

The dimension that is to allow forthe permissible deviation shallbe indicated, as shown in therelevant cases in column 4 ofthis table.


















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4.2.1.3 If coded as 99, the sketch shall be fully dimensioned or reference dimensioned inaccordance with table 3, its dimensions being shown in the appropriate columns headed A, B, C, Dand E/r of the schedule.

4.2.1.4 For all shapes, the dimension of the run-off leg (see column 4 of table 1), shall be allowedto deviate from its intended length by the sum of all tolerances.

4.2.1.5 No dimension given in table 1 shall be given a zero value, as this will change the basicshape.



Table 3 — Example of a bar schedulea

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Member Reinforcing Bending, dimensions for shape codes (SANS 282)in multiples of 10 mm

Fixing and non

Mark,size andNo. of

No.in

each

Typeand

diameter

Barmark

TotalNo.

Lengthb

mm

Shapecode

Ac

mm

Bc

mm

Cc

mm

Dc

mm

Ec or r

c

mm

Masses

Diameter 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40Drawing ref:

M.S

H.T

Total

Drawn Checked Date

Schedule No.:

R = Mild steel (250 MPa) to SANS 920

Y = High tensile (450 MPa) to SANS 920

aThis schedule complies with this standard.

b

Cutting length in multiples of 50 mm. c

Bending dimensions in multiples of 10 mm.

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4.2.2 Hooks and bends

4.2.2.1 Unless otherwise stated in a bending schedule, the proportions and dimensions of thehooks and bends shown in column 4 of table 1 shall conform to the appropriate values given infigures 2 or 3, as relevant, subject to variations as may follow from tolerances in other portions ofthe bar.

4.2.2.2 For all shapes with two or more bends in the same or opposite directions (whether in thesame plane or not), the overall dimension given in the schedule shall always include a minimumstraight length between the curved portion of the bends, as shown in figure 4. The value of thisstraight portion shall be not less than the following (see SANS 920):

a) 4d for material with characteristic strength of 250 MPa;

b) 4d for material with characteristic strength of 450 MPa and not exceeding 20 mm diameter; and

c) 6d for material with characteristic strength of 450 MPa.

Figure 4 — Example of bar with more than one bend

4.2.2.3 The overall off-set dimension of a crank shall be not less than twice the diameter of a circlethat circumscribes the bar or the wire. The angled length, as shown in figure 1, shall be not lessthan the following:

a) 10d for material with a characteristic strength of 250 MPa;

b) 12d for material with a characteristic strength of 450 MPa and not exceeding 20 mm diameter;and

c) 14d for material with a characteristic strength of 450 MPa and exceeding 20 mm diameter.

4.2.2.4 The length of material to be used in the determination of the calculated length to form abend or hook shall be as given for n or h in figures 2 and 3.

4.2.3 Radii of bends

4.2.3.1 The internal radius of a bend, hook or corner of a bar (where the radius is not specified as r as in table 4 or can be determined from dimensions) should be twice the nominal size of the bar, inthe case of hot-rolled mild steel bars, and three times the size of the bar, in the case of high yieldstress steel bars and cold-worked steel bars (see figures 2 and 3). Where so desired, the radius forcorners may be increased. This change shall be indicated as shape code 99.




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4.2.3.2 The internal radius of corners marked with a radius r or where the radius can be determinedfrom a dimension, shall be not less than the radius as specified in 4.2.3.1.

4.2.3.3 Corners in non-standard bars shall comply with 4.2.3.1 or 4.2.3.2, as applicable.



Table 4 — Example of a fabric schedule (non-standard sheets)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Reference or sheet details Special details or bend

Overhangsa

Fabricmark

No.of

sheets

No.of

wires/sheet

Totalno. ofwires

Type anddiameter of

wire

Pitch

mm

Length

mmO1 O3

O2 O4

Sheetlength

Lb

mm

Sheetwidth

Bb

mm

Shapecode

Bending details A

c

mm

02 12 20 240 Y10 100 6600 300 300 6600 38 150

25 300 Y08 250 2450 25 50 2450 20

Masses

Diameter 6 8 10 12

Drawing Ref: Project

M.S Section

H.T 290 977

Total 290 977

Drawn Checked Date

Schedule No.:

R = Mild steel (250 MPa) to SANS 920

Y = High tensile (450 MPa) to SANS 920

Z = Cold drawn wire rod (458 MPa)

aSee SANS 1024.

bSpecified in multiples of 25 mm.

c Specified in multiples of 5 mm.

2 0




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4.2.4 Angles

4.2.4.1 Unless otherwise stated in a bending schedule, the angle formed at a bend shall be a rightangle.

4.2.4.2 In the case of an angle of a corner that is not a right angle,

a) if the overall height is critical, the angle shall be defined by a slope length and an offset, asshown in figure 1(b), and

b) if the slope is critical, the angle shall be defined by the length of the slope and the rise, as shownin figure 1(a).

4.2.5 Curved bars

A bar that has to be formed to a radius less than or equal to the appropriate value given in table 5,shall be bent to the required curvature before being placed in its final position. Reinforcement to beformed to a radius exceeding that given in table 5, shall be supplied straight and the required

curvature can be obtained during placing.

NOTE 1 For shapes with straight and curved lengths (for example, shape codes 39, 51, 81 and 85 in table 1),the largest practical radius for the production of the continuous curve is 200 mm (this value should be checkedwith the bending yard concerned) and for larger radii the curve may be produced by a series of short straightsections.

NOTE 2 A section of up to 300 mm at each end of a bar cannot be radiused. If necessary, the cutting lengthshould make allowance for these lengths to be removed from the radiused portion.

Table 5 — Maximum bending radius

1 2

Nominal size of bar

mm

Critical radius

m

81012

2,53

3,5

162025

5717

32 43

NOTE If a larger radius is required, the bar shouldbe supplied as a straight bar and the required radiuscan be obtained during placing (see also notes to4.2.5)

5 Bar and fabric schedules

5.1 General

NOTE The purpose of the provisions given in this clause is to obtain uniformity in the compilation of bar andfabric schedules. The implementation of these provisions should lead not only to easier interpretation ofworking drawings but also to simplification of the preparation of a bending and cutting list.




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5.1.1 The bar and fabric schedules shall be separate and shall be drawn up as shown in tables 3and 4, respectively. Individual schedules shall be done on A4 sheets, but larger sheets of the Aseries may be used in such a way that the schedules can be cut or folded to a nominal A4 size. Forsimple structural components such as beams, columns and rectangular column bases (but not only

them), the assembly drawing of the component may be included on the same sheet as theschedule. Such drawings may be produced on A3 sheets on which the width of the schedule shouldbe confined to the nominal width of an A4 sheet.

5.1.2 All hooks, bends and corner radii of bars shown in figures 2 and 3 shall be deemed to bestandard values and are not reflected in dimensions in the schedule. For non-standard bars,dimensions of standard hooks, bends and corner radii may be omitted and where so omitted theyshall be deemed to be standard values.

NOTE For computer produced schedules, the column widths and the size of the schedule may vary fromthose shown in figure 2 and 3, but the sequence of columns should be maintained. The schedule should not besignificantly larger than size A4.

5.1.3 The bar or fabric schedules shall include the statement "This schedule complies with

SANS 282".

5.2 Title block

The title block shall appear either at the top or at the bottom of the schedule. The followinginformation shall be displayed in the title block:

a) the name of the project;

b) the number of the project;

c) the component type and the location (which shall appear in the title block or elsewhere in theschedule);

d) a cross reference to a layout drawing number;

e) the schedule number with an optional revision number. This should appear close to the right-hand edge of the schedule. If the revision number does not form part of the schedule number,then the revision number shall be shown separately but adjacent to the schedule number;

f) the name of the organization responsible for the design of the project;

g) the date the schedule was prepared;

h) the signatures or printed initials of the engineer and the checker; and

i) such other information as the design organization deems necessary for the adequate control andadministration of the project.

NOTE Where a revision of the schedule is necessary, the line or lines affected may be indicated by a suitablereference on the schedule.

5.3 Bar and fabric marks

The bar mark given in column 3 of table 3 and the fabric mark given in column 1 of table 4 shallconsist of the identifying numbers or letters (or both), that shall also be displayed on a label (seeclause 6), which shall be attached to the bars or to the fabric. Bar and fabric marks should consist ofa range of consecutive numbers/letters, and no mark should consist of more than three characters.




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The numbers should be taken from the range 01 to 99 and the letters should be taken from therange A to YY. Where such ranges are inadequate, use either

a) a combination of letters taken from the range A to YY, followed by a single-digit number, or

b) a combination of numbers taken from the range 01 to 99, preceded or followed by a letter.

Combinations starting with "E" shall be reserved for bar marks where special end preparation isrequired (for example, couplers).

5.4 Type and size

In the "type and diameter" column, the types of steel and the nominal sizes of bars (given inSANS 920), shall be indicated in abbreviated (symbol) form, as follows:

a) symbols

R denotes plain round mild steel bars, of strength 250 MPa;

Y denotes high yield deformed steel bars, of strength 450 MPa; and

Z denotes types of steel not covered by R or Y;

b) sizes: The size of the bar is given after the symbol and indicates the nominal diameter of the barin millimetres.

NOTE Where possible, mesh may not be listed on the same schedule as bar reinforcement.

5.5 Bending schedule

5.5.1 The bending dimensions given in table 3 and table 4 should be multiples of 5 mm, and dueregard should be given to the applicable requirements and bending tolerances in table 2.

5.5.2 Shapes of shape code 99 shall be shown in sufficient detail (see annex A) to facilitate cuttingand bending, or they shall be supported by a dimensioned sketch. The method for the measurementof dimensions in table 4 shall be used. The total length shall be given, and unless there is an endanchorage bend or hook, one bending dimension, preferably an end dimension, shall be indicatedas the free dimension, to allow for permissible deviations. The r , n and h values, if different from thevalues given in figure 2 and figure 3, shall be given in the schedule. The tolerances in table 2 alsoapply to shape code 99.

5.6 Bending of fabric reinforcement

5.6.1 The sketch in column 13 of table 4 shall indicate the following:

a) the direction of bending relative to the transverse wires (see figure 5(a));

a) Position of transverse wires




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b) the direction of the longitudinal wires of the sheet, to ensure bending about the correct axis (seefigure 5(b));

b) Indication of longitudinal wires

c) the correct orientation of an asymmetric sheet, to ensure the correct setting out of bendingdimensions (see figure 5(c)).

c) Orientation of an asymmetric sheet

Figure 5 — Positions of fabric reinforcement

5.6.2 For all bent fabric reinforcement, the bending dimensions shall not be indicated at positionsnear welded transverse wires that occur within four diameters of the start of a bend (see figure 6).

Figure 6 — Position of welded transverse wires

5.7 Cutting length

The length of a bar shall be the cutting length as defined in 3.5.

6 Bar or fabric label

The bar or fabric label shall contain sufficient information to identify the bar or fabric in terms of therelevant schedule.

7 Manufacturing and routine inspection

7.1 Purpose-made shearing equipment shall be used for cutting bars to length. The tolerancesgiven in table 2 shall apply to each length.




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7.2 Bending shall be carried out on power bending machines. Plain smooth surfaces or rolls thatdo not offer resistance to longitudinal movement of the bars or fabric being bent shall be provided toensure adequate support. The diameter of formers that are used in bending bends and hooks inaccordance with figure 2 and figure 3 shall be such that bends and hooks will be provided of the

radii given in figure 2 and figure 3, subject to the appropriate tolerances.

7.3 The manufacturer shall ensure that cutting and bending machine operators are trained in theskills necessary to produce cut and bent products of dimensions within the permissible sizedeviations and of consistent quality. A formal operative approval and testing system shall beimplemented and operators shall have been certified by the manufacturer as having achieved theminimum standards of competence.

8 Quality evaluation

Quality evaluation shall be carried out in accordance with SANS 920 in the case of steel bars and inaccordance with SANS 1024 in the case of steel fabric.




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Annex A(normative)

Summary of shape codes

Table A.1 gives a summary of shape codes.

Table A1 — Shape codes




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NOTE 1 Use shape code 99 for all other shapes. A dimensioned sketch of the shape shall be given in thebending schedule.

NOTE 2 Radii of all bends are standard unless r is given in the bending schedule.

NOTE 3 All dimensions are external (outside) dimensions.

Bibliography

SANS 10144 (SABS 0144), Detailing of steel reinforcement for concrete.

© SABS



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SANS282 - Steel Detailing Code