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Serial No. Code Data Entry
Water and Sanitation Programme
Sanitation Supply Research
Interviewer’s Identification
Interviewer’s Name Interviewer’s ID Card Number
Respondent’s Identification
Name of sanitation supplier____________________________________________________________________________
Contact number (if willing to give)________________________________________________________________________
Name of organisation (if applicable)_________________________________________________________________________
Type of entity (private fundi, small scale business, contractor, other (specify)________________________________________________________________
Date visited____________________________________________________________________________
Time visited___________________________________________________________________________
District ________________________________________ Domain
Ward ___________________________________________ District code
Village __________________________________________
Ward code
Supervisor Field Editor Office Editor
Entered By
Name ________________ Name _______________
Date ________________ Date _______________
2
Respondents should be over 18 years of age and be involved in the construction of latrines.
Section 1 – Background information
Q Question Response Code Skip 1. Are you the owner of this business? Yes 1
No 2 Go to Q7
2. How many years have you been in this business?
3. Where did you get the capital to start the business? Choose as many as applicable
Saved money 1
Loan from the bank 2
Loan from family/friends 3
Loan from other source 4
Self-help group 5
Support from donor-funded project 6
Other (specify)__________________ 7
4. What motivated you to start this business? Choose one
Only opportunity available 1
I had experience/training in this business 2
I was motivated by someone I know working in the same businesses 3
Easy to make profit 4
There was a demand for the products 5
5. How many employees do you have?
6. Is your business registered? Yes 1
No 2
7. How many years have you been in business?
8. Were you trained to do this type of work?
Yes 1
No 2 Go to Q13
9. Who trained you? Choose as many as applicable
College/training institute 1
NGO 2
Faith based organisation 3
Community based organisation 4
Government 5
Apprentice/on-the-job 6
A donor funded project training programme
7
Other (specify)___________________ 8
3
10. Which organisation provided training (name)? ______________________________
11. How long were you trained for? (months)
12. Which area was most difficult for you during the training? Choose one
Mathematics/measurements 1
Reading/literacy 2
Physical labour 3
Paying for training 4
Time required 5
Reading blueprints/latrine designs 6
Location/transportation for training 7
Other (specify)____________________ 8
Section 2 – Product information
Q Question Response Code Skip
13. Who provided the materials for latrine construction? Choose one
Customers supplied all the products 1 Go to Q14
Customers supplied some of the products
2 Go to Q14
I supply all products 3
Other (specify) 4
14. x Which materials were provided by the customer? Choose one
Cement 1
Wire mesh 2
Aggregate (gravel) 3
Sand 4
Other (specify): ___________________ 5
15. What types of latrine can you construct? Choose as many as applicable. Use pictures as a guide
Flush / Pour Flush:
To piped sewerage systems 1a
To septic tank 1b
To pit latrine 1c
To other 1d
To don’t Know Where 1e
Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (VIP) 2
Pit latrine with slab 3
Composting toilet 4
Pit latrine without slab / open pit 5
Mound latrine 6
Other (Specify)____________________ 7
16. If you are constructing a latrine without a slab - what are the reasons for doing so?
Lack of materials (cement, bricks, etc) 1
Customer preferences 2
Costs (for the customer) 3
4
Q Question Response Code Skip Choose one Don’t know how to make slabs 4
Don’t have access to mould 5
Other(specify)___________________ 6
17. For the following materials please show the quantities sold and cost per item
Constructed in the past 3 months
Constructed in the past 1 year
Current Price (in TShs) (This price should include all materials)
Flushing/pour flush toilet to: Piped sewer system
Septic tank
Pit latrine
Elsewhere
Don’t know where
Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine
Pit latrine with slab
Composting toilet
Pit latrine without slab
Mould latrine
Other
18. Without considering prices what type of latrine do you prefer? Choose one
Flush / Pour Flush: To piped sewer system
1a
To septic tank 1b
To pit latrine 1c
To elsewhere 1d
To don’t know where 1e
Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (VIP) 2
Pit latrine with slab 3
Composting toilet 4
Pit latrine without slab / open pit 5
Mound latrine 6
Other (Specify)____________________ 7
19. What are the main reasons for this preference? Choose one
Easier to clean 1
Looks nicest 2
Lasts longest 3
Most comfortable 4
5
Q Question Response Code Skip
Other (Specify)____________________ 5
20. What are the main reasons for customers selecting material types for latrine construction? Choose one
Cost of materials 1
Materials that match the house 2
Materials that will last the longest 3
Materials that give the most privacy 4
Physical accessibility of materials 5
Other (Specify)____________________ 6
21. How many villages have you constructed a latrines in?
22. What is the furthest distance that you have travelled to construct a latrine? (in minutes)
On foot 1
In a vehicle 2
23. Have you ever constructed a latrine in these villages (from list of villages provided)
Yes 1
No 2
Section 3 – Materials
Q Question Response Code Skip 24. Which is the furthest you have gone
to buy materials for latrine construction? (minutes)
25. What type of materials are not readily available?
Cement
1
Wire mesh
2
Slabs
3
Other
4
26. What are the problems related to supply of materials? Choose one
Inconsistent availability 1
Changing prices 2
Financing the purchase of inputs 3
Transportation problems 4
Long distances travelled 5
Other (Specify)____________________ 6
6
Q Question Response Code Skip 27. If you are not able to find materials
for construction what do you do? Choose one
Do not build the latrine 1
Build an incomplete latrine 2
Use other/substitute materials 3
Other (Specify)____________________ 4
Q Question Response Code Skip 28. How much do you pay to buy the
following materials? Material Size Price (in TShs)
Cement 50 kg bag
Slab mould 1 mould
Wire mesh 4x8 feet
Aggregate (gravel) 20 litre tin
Sand 20 litre tin
Rocks 20 litre tin
Burnt brick Small
Cement block One 5 in
Gauge metal 32 in sheet, 10 ft
length
Nails 1 Kg
PVC piping 9ft
Piece of wood/timber
2x4 12 feet long
Wood log 4in diameter
Section 4 – Slab information
Q Question Response Code Skip 29. Where do you get the slabs?
Choose those applicable Purchase 1
Donated by NGO/other organisation 2
Subsidised by an NGO/other organisation
3
Make myself 4
Other(specify)____________________ 5
30. What type of slabs do you sell? Choose as many as applicable (use pictures as a guide)
A small square slab design 1
A large square slab design 2
A dome (round) slab design 3
7
Q Question Response Code Skip
Other (specify)____________________ 4
I do not sell cement slabs 5 Go to Q13
31. What is the size of a slab you sell? Width (centimetres)s
Q Question Response Code Skip
32. For the following slabs please tell us the amount you have sold
Sold in past 3 month period
Sold in past year Price (in TShs)
Cement
Ceramic
Car tyres
Steel bar and earth
Rails and earth
Timber and earth
Earth
Others
Don’t use a slab
33. If price is not a problem what type of slab is preferred by customers? Choose one – use pictures as a guide
A small square slab 1
A large square slab 2
A dome (round) slab 3
Other (specify)____________________ 4
34. What are the main reasons given by the customer for that preference? Choose as many as applicable
Easier to clean 1
Easier to use by all age group, including children
2
Prices are affordable 3
Easy to transport (not as heavy) 4
Other (specify)____________________ 5
Section 5 – Pricing information
Q Question Response Code Skip 35. Do the customers negotiate the
prices of latrines? Yes 1
No 2 Go to Q35
36. What do they negotiate about? Choose one
Offer to supply certain materials 1
Offer manual labour 2
Request cheapest materials 3
8
Q Question Response Code Skip
Other (specify)_________________ 4
37. What is the trend of material prices for the past 6 months? Choose one
All material prices increased 1
Some material prices increased 2
No material prices increased 3
38. How have your prices changed in the past 6 months? Choose one
Increased 1
Remained the same 2
Decreased 3
39. What is the reaction of the customers to your prices of latrines? Choose one
They have the money but choose not to purchase
1
They do not have the money 2
They try and negotiate the price 3
Other (specify)____________________ 4
40. How do your customers usually pay for the latrine? Choose one
Cash up front 1
Cash over time 2
Goods (barter) up front 3
Goods (barter) over time 4
Other (specify)____________________ 5
Section 6 – Customer base
Q Question Response Code Skip 41. Who are the main customers of your
products? Choose as many as applicable
Households 1
Government institutions 2
Donor funded projects 3
Local NGO 4
Private businessmen (e.g. restaurant owners)
5
Other(specify)____________________ 6
42. When you construct a latrine – who do you usually construct the latrine for? Choose one
For people that had no latrine at all 1
For people with collapsed latrines 2
For people with full latrines 3
Newcomers to the village 4
Vulnerable groups (supported by NGOs) 5
Other (specify)____________________ 6
43. Do vulnerable groups buy products/services from you?
Yes 1
No 2
9
Q Question Response Code Skip 44. How do customers obtain
information about products/services you provide? Choose as many as applicable
Word of mouth 1
District registry 2
Youth groups 3
Women’s groups 4
10 cell leader 5
Ward leader 6
Advertisements (flyers, radio, etc) 7
Other (specify)____________________ 8
45. Does demand increase in the following seasons? Choose as many as applicable
Harvest time 1
Seasonal changes (dry season) 2
Seasonal changes (rainy season) 3
Other (specify)____________________ 3
46. What are the reasons for people demanding upgraded latrines? Choose as many as applicable
Pressure from district health officer 1
Pressure from neighbours 2
Recent sanitation campaigns 3
Recent influx of money 4
Impressed by a neighbour’s recently built latrine
5
Current latrine unsafe (collapsed, etc) 6
Current latrine is full 7
Pressure from educated/urban relatives 8
Improve health 9
Other (specify)____________________ 10
47. How do your customers obtain information on the varieties of latrine you construct? Choose as many as applicable
They do not know 1
Verbal descriptions 2
Pictures or diagrams 3
Direct them to other sites (ex: school, church, mosque)
4
Physical examples set up
5
Other (specify)____________________ 6
10
Section 7 – Installation
Q Question Response Code Skip 48. When you construct a latrine how
many meters is the latrine from the river and other water sources e.g. well? If they do not consider this write 00
49. Do you make sure that the latrine has handwashing facilities?
Yes 1
No 2
50. Do you provide guidelines for customers for latrine use?
Yes 1
No 2
51. Do you provide guidelines for cleaning the latrine?
Yes 1
No 2
52. Do you provide advice on emptying a latrine?
Yes 1
No 2
Section 8 – Maintenance/Improvement
Q Question Response Code Skip 53. What type of maintenance do you
provide to customers? Choose as many as applicable
None 1
Repair/fixing 2
Emptying 3
Upgrading 4
Other (specify)____________________ 5
54. How many customers have asked you to do latrine maintenance over the last month?
55. What is the most common improvement made? Choose one
Build new pit 1
Line pit 2
New (non-cement) slab 3
Cement slab 4
Permanent superstructure 5
Add door 6
Iron roof 7
Improved ventilation 8
11
Q Question Response Code Skip
Other (specify) ________________________
9
56. Do demands for maintenance of the latrine increase in the following seasons? Choose as many as applicable
Harvest time 1
Seasonal changes (dry season) 2
Seasonal changes (rainy season) 3
Other (specify)____________________ 4
57. What are the main reasons which encourage customers to use the latrines? Choose as many as applicable
Pressure from district health officer 1
Pressure from neighbours 2
Recent sanitation campaigns 3
Recent influx of money 4
Impressed by a neighbour’s latrine 5
Current latrine unsafe (collapsed, etc) 6
Pressure from educated/urban relatives 7
Improve health 8
Other (specify)____________________ 9
58. How do your customers know latrine options upgrades available? Choose as many as applicable
They do not know 1
Verbal descriptions 2
Pictures or diagrams 3
Direct them to other sites (ex: school, church, mosque)
4
Physical examples set up 5
Other (specify)___________________ 6
Section 9 – Constraints
Q Question Response Code Skip 59. What are the frequent
problems/challenges faced in latrine construction Choose as many as applicable
Lack of customers/demand 1
Lack of materials 2
Lack of capital 3
Too many competitors 4
Lack of licence or permit 5
Lack of staff 6
Lack of trained staff 7
12
Q Question Response Code Skip
Lack of space to expand 8
Lack of transport to move goods 9
Other (specify)____________________ 10
60. How can you stimulate demand? Choose one
Educating customers on sanitation 1
Educating customers on latrine options 2
Improve the quality of the product 3
Lower cost of product 4
District enforcement of bylaws 5
Advertisements 6
Other (specify)____________________ 7
61. What access do you have to improve technology and training? Choose as many as applicable
None 1
NGOs 2
Faith-based organisations 3
Community based organisation 4
Local government authority/ District Council
5
Donor funded 6
Other (specify)____________________ 7
62. Are there other fundis in this area involved in latrine construction?
Yes 1
No 2 Go to Q61
63. How many fundis in this area provide the same services?
64. What opportunities are there to receive finance/funding? Choose as many as applicable
None 1
District level 2
NGOs 3
Local community 4
Self-help groups 5
Microfinance institutions 6
SACCOs 7
Family relatives 8
13
Q Question Response Code Skip
Other (specify)____________________ 9
Section 10 – Business opportunity
Q Question Response Code Skip 65. How many latrines can you construct
within a week? (maximum)
66. How many latrines can you improve in a week? (maximum)
67. If customer numbers increase are you able to cope with the demand? Yes 1
Go to Q 67
No 2
68. What is the main constraint which prevents you from expanding your business? Choose one
Money 1
Number of staff 2
Training of staff 3
Materials 4
Demand 5
Other (specify)____________________ 6
69. Do you receive income from other business activities?
Yes 1
No 2
70. What type of business are you involved in?
Construction of houses 1
Construction of other structures
2
Farmer 3
Other (specify)____________________ 4
71. Which areas do you most need support in? Choose one
Training 1
Access to finance 2
Access to staff 3
Access to trained staff 4
Increased demand 5
Business advertisement 6
Location of business 7
Other (specify)____________________ 8
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Thank respondent for taking the time and effort to participate in this survey. Close interview
I confirm that this questionnaire was completed according to the standards set out during my training. Signed ______________________________________ Date ________________________
